A continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace and a method of using the same

Abstract

The present application relates to carbonization furnace technical field, especially to a kind of continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace and its using method, wherein, the furnace body of carbonization furnace is equipped with feed hopper and discharge port, feed hopper is equipped with first closed unit, discharge port is equipped with second closed unit, temperature sensor and pressure sensor are equipped on furnace body;Material conveying mechanism is arranged in furnace body, for the material conveying of being input in feed hopper to discharge port;Several combustion machines are arranged in furnace body;Waste gas circulation pipeline is arranged in furnace body, for absorbing the waste gas generated in carbonization process in furnace body and combustion machine combustion;The present application is used to overcome the defects that carbonization furnace is difficult to realize the anaerobic environment required for preparing biochar in the prior art, the present application can properly handle the large amount of combustible organic gas and combustible liquid generated in the carbonization process in the furnace body, and reduce oxygen content, reduce heat loss, to facilitate carbonization process to produce high-quality biochar.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of carbonization furnace, in particular to a continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace and a use method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Organic solid waste refers to municipal sewage plant residual sludge, garden waste, kitchen waste and other biomass, in order to realize the reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization of organic solid waste treatment, the organic solid waste is prepared into biochar, and at the same time, the emission of greenhouse gases can be reduced and a large amount of carbon can be fixed.

[0003] The preparation of biochar is a pyrolysis reaction under anaerobic and high temperature environment to generate porous substances, that is, in the preparation process, a high temperature anaerobic environment is required in the carbonization furnace body, and a large amount of combustible organic gas and combustible liquid generated in the carbonization process in the furnace body need to be properly handled to avoid explosion, at present, the existing carbonization furnace is mainly divided into rotary kiln and vertical kiln, in order to release the gas generated by combustion in the furnace body to reduce the gas pressure in the furnace body, and then avoid explosion, both kinds of carbonization furnaces cannot be in a completely closed state, but the open carbonization furnace is difficult to control the oxygen content to achieve the anaerobic environment required for carbonization, and the heat in the furnace body is easily lost, which affects the preparation effect of biochar. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to overcome the defects that the carbonization furnace in the prior art is difficult to realize the anaerobic environment required for preparing biochar, the present application provides a continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace and a use method thereof, which can properly handle a large amount of combustible organic gas and combustible liquid generated in the carbonization process in the furnace body, reduce the oxygen content, reduce the heat loss, and facilitate the production of high-quality biochar in the carbonization process.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is: a continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace, comprising a furnace body, a material conveying mechanism, a plurality of combustion machines, a waste gas circulation pipeline and a control system;

[0006] The furnace body is provided with a feeding hopper and a discharging port, the feeding hopper is provided with a first sealing unit, the discharging port is provided with a second sealing unit, and the furnace body is provided with a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor;

[0007] The material conveying mechanism is arranged in the furnace body and is used for conveying the material put into the feeding hopper to the discharging port;

[0008] A plurality of combustion machines are arranged in the furnace body and are used for making the temperature in the furnace body reach the carbonization temperature;

[0009] The waste gas circulation pipeline is arranged in the furnace body and is used for absorbing the waste gas generated in the carbonization process in the furnace body to supply the combustion machines for combustion;

[0010] The control system is electrically connected with the first closed unit, the second closed unit, the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the material conveying mechanism, the combustion machine and the exhaust gas circulation pipeline respectively.

[0011] Further, the furnace body is provided with a hearth part and an exhaust cover, and the hearth part and the exhaust cover are in an integrated closed structure.

[0012] Further, the exhaust cover is provided with a guide part for guiding exhaust gas and an accumulation part, and the guide part is arranged between the hearth part and the accumulation part.

[0013] Further, the guide part is arranged as an inclined wall, and the accumulation part is arranged as a gentle wall.

[0014] Further, the exhaust cover is provided with an exhaust port for unidirectional exhaust of exhaust gas in the furnace body.

[0015] Further, the exhaust port is provided with an induced draft fan, and the induced draft fan is electrically connected with the control system.

[0016] Further, the exhaust port is provided with an oxygen concentration monitor, and the oxygen concentration monitor is electrically connected with the control system.

[0017] Further, one port of the exhaust gas circulation pipeline is connected with the exhaust cover, and the other port of the exhaust gas circulation pipeline is connected with the combustion machine.

[0018] Further, the exhaust gas circulation pipeline is provided with an explosion-proof fan.

[0019] Further, the first closed unit comprises a first material sensor, a material plate and a first driving assembly, the first material sensor and the material plate are sequentially and spacedly arranged in the feeding hopper, the driving end of the first driving assembly is connected with the material plate, and the first material sensor and the first driving assembly are electrically connected with the control system respectively.

[0020] Further, the second closed unit comprises a second material sensor, a baffle plate and a second driving assembly, the second material sensor and the baffle plate are sequentially and spacedly arranged at the discharging port, the driving end of the second driving assembly is connected with the baffle plate, and the second material sensor and the second driving assembly are electrically connected with the control system respectively.

[0021] Further, the material conveying mechanism comprises a plurality of conveying chain plates, and each conveying chain plate is sequentially and layer by layer arranged from the top end of the furnace body to the bottom end of the furnace body.

[0022] Further, the material conveying directions of the conveying chain plates are staggered in sequence, so that the materials put into the feeding hopper are sequentially conveyed to the discharge port layer by layer through the conveying chain plates.

[0023] Further, the abutting ends for receiving and delivering materials between the two conveying chain plates are provided with material blocking plates.

[0024] Further, the material blocking plates are obliquely arranged.

[0025] Further, the conveying chain plates and the combustion machine are provided with fire blocking plates.

[0026] Further, the end of the fire blocking plate towards the combustion machine is a flat end, and the end of the fire blocking plate towards the conveying chain plate is an arc-shaped end.

[0027] Further, the fire blocking plate is a porous ceramic structure.

[0028] Further, a plurality of ash falling hoppers are arranged in the furnace body, and the opening ends of the ash falling hoppers are arranged towards the top of the furnace body.

[0029] Further, the two side walls of the ash falling hopper are obliquely arranged, so as to form a flared structure at the opening end of the ash falling hopper.

[0030] Meanwhile, the present application also provides an organic solid waste carbonization method, which is implemented based on the above-mentioned continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0031] S1: Before carbonization, the carbonization temperature and the carbonization gas pressure are set in the control system;

[0032] S2: The combustion machine is started by the control system to preheat the furnace body;

[0033] S3: The temperature data in the furnace body are acquired in real time by the temperature sensor, and the temperature data in the furnace body are transmitted to the control system, the control system analyzes the temperature data in the furnace body and adjusts the power of the combustion machine, so that the temperature in the furnace body reaches the carbonization temperature;

[0034] S4: The first closed unit is started by the control system, the feeding hopper is opened, so that the organic solid waste is put into the furnace body from the feeding hopper, and the material conveying mechanism is started by the control system, so that the organic solid waste runs on the material conveying mechanism and performs carbonization reaction;

[0035] S5: The gas pressure data during the carbonization reaction in the furnace body are monitored by the pressure sensor, and the gas pressure data are transmitted to the control system until the control system receives the gas pressure data exceeding the set carbonization gas pressure.

[0036] S6: the control system starts the exhaust gas circulation channel to supply the exhaust gas generated in the carbonization process in the furnace body to the combustion machine for combustion, thereby reducing the gas pressure in the furnace body and consuming the oxygen in the furnace body to form an anaerobic environment to continue to promote the carbonization reaction;

[0037] S7: the carbonized organic solid waste is moved to the discharge port by the material conveying mechanism, and the control system starts the second sealing unit to open the discharge port, so that the carbonized organic solid waste is discharged from the furnace body.

[0038] Further, in step S4, the first sealing unit comprises a first material sensor, a material plate and a first driving assembly, so that the organic solid waste is poured into the furnace body from the feeding hopper, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0039] S4.1: setting the pouring amount of organic solid waste in the first material sensor;

[0040] S4.2: the organic waste continuously accumulates in the feeding hopper and is between the first material sensor and the material plate, until the accumulated amount of the organic solid waste reaches the set value of the pouring amount of the first material sensor, and the first material sensor transmits a pouring signal to the control system;

[0041] S4.3: the control system starts the first driving assembly, and the first driving assembly drives the material plate to move to open the feeding hopper, so that the organic solid waste falls onto the material conveying mechanism in the furnace body.

[0042] Further, in step S7, the second sealing unit comprises a second material sensor, a door plate and a second driving assembly, so that the organic solid waste is discharged from the discharge port to the outside of the furnace body, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0043] S7.1: setting the discharge amount of organic solid waste in the second material sensor;

[0044] S7.2: when the carbonized organic solid waste moves to the discharge port with the material conveying mechanism, until the accumulated amount of the organic solid waste reaches the set value of the discharge amount of the second material sensor, the second material sensor transmits a discharge signal to the control system;

[0045] S7.3: the control system starts the second driving assembly, and the second driving assembly drives the door plate to move to open the discharge port, so that the carbonized organic solid waste is discharged from the discharge port.

[0046] Further, the carbonization gas pressure set in step S1 is 50-180 Pascal lower than the atmospheric pressure.

[0047] Furthermore, in step S2, the preheating time is 15-15 minutes and the preheating temperature is 250-580℃.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0049] The present invention provides a continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace that can reuse the combustible waste gas generated by the carbonization reaction by utilizing a waste gas circulation system. On the one hand, it can reduce the oxygen content in the furnace body, forming an oxygen-deficient environment required for the carbonization reaction, thereby further promoting the production of high-quality biochar in the carbonization process and reducing waste gas pressure to avoid explosion. On the other hand, it can reduce gas exchange between the furnace body and the outside world, avoid gas flow, reduce heat loss, reduce nitrogen oxide emissions, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and has high thermal efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the carbonization furnace in this invention;

[0051] Appendix Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fire baffle plate in this invention.

[0052] Reference numerals: 1-furnace section; 2-guiding section; 3-accumulation section; 4-conveyor chain plate; 5-exhaust gas circulation pipe; 6-feed hopper; 7-discharge port; 8-baffle plate; 9-fire baffle plate; 910-flat end; 920-arc end; 10-ash hopper; 11-burner; 12-temperature guide pipe; 13-maintenance door; 14-control system; 15-output conveyor belt. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The present invention will be described in one embodiment below with reference to specific embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and represent schematic diagrams, not actual pictures, and should not be construed as limiting the present patent. In order to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product size. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace, including a furnace body, a material conveying mechanism, several burners 11, a waste gas circulation pipe 5, and a control system 14;

[0056] The furnace body is provided with a feeding hopper 6 and a discharging port 7, the feeding hopper 6 is provided with a first sealing unit, the discharging port 7 is provided with a second sealing unit, and the furnace body is provided with a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor;

[0057] A material conveying mechanism is arranged in the furnace body and used for conveying the material input at the feeding hopper 6 to the discharging port 7;

[0058] A plurality of combustion machines 11 are arranged in the furnace body and used for making the temperature in the furnace body reach a carbonization temperature;

[0059] A waste gas circulation pipeline 5 is arranged in the furnace body and used for absorbing the waste gas generated in the carbonization process in the furnace body to supply the combustion machine 11 for combustion;

[0060] The control system 14 is electrically connected with the first sealing unit, the second sealing unit, the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the material conveying mechanism, the combustion machine 11 and the waste gas circulation pipeline 5 respectively.

[0061] It should be noted that in the embodiment, the combustion gas of the combustion machine 11 is divided into two parts, one part is the combustible gas introduced by the combustion machine 11, that is, the combustible gas prepared according to the ratio of air and natural gas, and the other part is the combustible waste gas generated in the carbonization reaction circulating in the waste gas circulation pipeline 5, which is used to reduce the gas pressure in the furnace body and the oxygen content in the furnace body.

[0062] Specifically, when the embodiment is used, the carbonization temperature and the carbonization gas pressure need to be set in the control system 14 before carbonization, and then the control system 14 is used to start the combustion machine 11 to preheat the furnace body; after preheating, the temperature data in the furnace body is obtained in real time by the temperature sensor, and the temperature data in the furnace body is transmitted to the control system 14, the control system 14 analyzes the temperature data in the furnace body and adjusts the power of the combustion machine 11, so that the temperature in the furnace body reaches the carbonization temperature; then the control system 14 is used to start the first sealing unit to open the feeding hopper 6, so that the organic solid waste is input from the feeding hopper 6 into the furnace body, and the control system 14 is used to start the material conveying mechanism, so that the organic solid waste runs on the material conveying mechanism and carbonization reaction is carried out; and the gas pressure data when the carbonization reaction is carried out in the furnace body is monitored by the pressure sensor to prevent explosion, and the gas pressure data is transmitted to the control system 14 until the control system 14 receives the gas pressure data exceeding the set carbonization gas pressure; at this time, the control system 14 starts the waste gas circulation channel to supply the waste gas generated in the carbonization process in the furnace body to the combustion machine 11 for combustion, so as to reduce the gas pressure in the furnace body and consume the oxygen in the furnace body, form an anaerobic environment and continue to promote the carbonization reaction; finally, the carbonized organic solid waste moves to the discharging port 7 along with the material conveying mechanism, and the control system 14 starts the second sealing unit to open the discharging port 7, so that the carbonized organic solid waste is discharged from the furnace body.

[0063] Compared to existing technologies, this embodiment can reuse the combustible waste gas generated by the carbonization reaction using a waste gas recirculation system. On the one hand, it can reduce the oxygen content in the furnace, creating an oxygen-deficient environment required for the carbonization reaction, thereby further promoting the production of high-quality biochar during the carbonization process and reducing waste gas pressure to prevent explosions. On the other hand, it can reduce gas exchange between the furnace and the outside environment, prevent gas flow, reduce heat loss, reduce nitrogen oxide emissions, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and achieve high thermal efficiency.

[0064] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, for the furnace body structure design, in order to reduce the heat loss of the furnace body, ensure the high temperature environment required for the carbonization reaction in the furnace body, and reduce the oxygen content in the furnace body to ensure the oxygen-deficient environment required for carbonization in the furnace body, the furnace body in this embodiment is provided with a furnace chamber 1 and an exhaust hood. Preferably, the furnace chamber 1 and the exhaust hood are designed as an integrated closed structure to enhance the sealing of the furnace body, reduce the internal and external flow of gas, which can limit heat loss and limit the entry of external oxygen, thus ensuring the high temperature and oxygen-deficient conditions required for the carbonization reaction.

[0065] Simultaneously, as combustion proceeds within the furnace, combustible gases and liquids are generated. Under the high-temperature environment within the furnace, the generated combustible liquids are atomized. In this embodiment, the generated combustible gases and liquids are collectively referred to as exhaust gases. Since exhaust gases are relatively light, they tend to rise. To ensure stable airflow within the furnace, it is preferable to provide a guide section 2 and an accumulation section 3 for guiding the exhaust gases in the exhaust hood. The guide section 2 is positioned between the furnace chamber 1 and the accumulation section 3, so that the exhaust gases are guided by the guide section 2 and collected at the accumulation section 3 during their upward movement. In this embodiment, to increase the exhaust gas flow velocity, it is preferable to configure the guide section 2 as an inclined wall, which facilitates the flow of exhaust gases along the inclined wall towards the accumulation section 3. Furthermore, the accumulation section 3 is configured as a gentle wall, which facilitates the accumulation of exhaust gases in the accumulation section 3.

[0066] Furthermore, when the waste gas generated inside the furnace accumulates to a certain amount, it will increase the gas pressure inside the furnace. To avoid an explosion, in this embodiment, it is preferable to provide an exhaust port on the accumulation part 3 of the exhaust hood for unidirectional discharge of the waste gas inside the furnace. To facilitate control of the gas flow direction, so that the waste gas can only be discharged from inside the furnace to outside the furnace, and to restrict the entry of gas outside the furnace into the furnace to increase the amount of oxygen, it is preferable to provide a one-way valve at the exhaust port. At the same time, in order to increase the discharge speed of the waste gas, it is preferable to provide an induced draft fan in the exhaust port. The induced draft fan is electrically connected to the control system 14. In actual use, the gas pressure inside the furnace is monitored in real time by a pressure sensor. When the gas pressure inside the furnace is greater than the set value, the pressure sensor transmits the pressure signal to the control system 14. The control system 14 opens the one-way valve and starts the induced draft fan to discharge a portion of the waste gas inside the furnace to outside the furnace until the gas pressure inside the furnace returns to below the external atmospheric pressure, thus avoiding an explosion.

[0067] Further, in order to monitor the oxygen content in the furnace in real time, in the embodiment, an oxygen concentration monitor is preferably arranged at the exhaust port, and the oxygen concentration monitor is electrically connected with the control system 14, that is, the oxygen content in the furnace is determined by monitoring the oxygen content in the exhaust gas, so as to ensure that the furnace is in an oxygen-deficient environment, which is beneficial to the carbonization reaction.

[0068] Further, as shown in Figure 1 regarding the structure design of the exhaust gas circulation pipeline 5, in order to further limit the oxygen content in the furnace and create an anaerobic environment for the carbonization reaction in the furnace, in the embodiment, the exhaust gas circulation pipeline 5 is arranged in the furnace, that is, one end of the exhaust gas circulation pipeline 5 is connected with the exhaust hood, and the other end of the exhaust gas circulation pipeline 5 is connected with the combustion machine 11, which is equivalent to arranging a closed circulation pipeline in the furnace. Since the carbonization reaction produces exhaust gas containing combustible gas, the exhaust gas can be recycled to provide the required high-temperature environment for the carbonization reaction, and at the same time, a part of the exhaust gas can be consumed to reduce the gas pressure in the furnace. Preferably, in the embodiment, the end of the exhaust gas circulation pipeline 5 for absorbing exhaust gas is arranged at the accumulation part 3 of the exhaust hood, which is beneficial to collecting a large amount of exhaust gas and improving the exhaust gas consumption rate. At the same time, the end for supplying the combustion machine 11 with gas is arranged at the combustion machine 11 at the bottom of the furnace, which is used for quickly supplying the combustion machine 11 with gas and improving the reaction speed.

[0069] In addition, in order to further enhance the gas flow in the exhaust gas circulation pipeline 5, in the embodiment, an explosion-proof fan is preferably arranged in the exhaust gas circulation pipeline 5, which is used to improve the exhaust gas flow rate and can withstand high temperature to avoid damage.

[0070] In the embodiment, the combustible exhaust gas produced by the carbonization reaction can be recycled and used in the combustion of the combustion machine 11. On the one hand, it can be used to increase the temperature in the furnace and maintain the high-temperature condition required for the carbonization reaction in the furnace. At the same time, by participating in the combustion, the oxygen in the furnace can be consumed to reduce the oxygen content and maintain the oxygen-deficient environment required for the carbonization reaction in the furnace, which is beneficial to the carbonization process and the production of high-quality biochar. On the other hand, as the recycled exhaust gas is gradually consumed, the gas content in the furnace can be reduced, and the gas pressure in the furnace can be further reduced, which is beneficial to maintaining a slight negative pressure state in the furnace to avoid explosion. In addition, the exhaust gas circulation system makes the gas in the furnace self-produced and self-used, which can reduce the exchange of gas in the furnace with the outside world, reduce heat loss, reduce oxygen content, and reduce nitrogen oxide emissions.

[0071] Further, as shown in Figure 1 regarding the structure design of the feed hopper 6, in the embodiment, in order to reduce the gas leakage in the furnace and further reduce the heat loss, a first sealing unit is preferably arranged at the feed hopper 6 to seal the feed hopper 6 and limit the gas flow.

[0072] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first sealing unit includes a first material sensor, a material plate, and a first driving assembly. The first material sensor and the material plate are sequentially and spaced apart inside the feed hopper 6. The driving end of the first driving assembly is connected to the material plate. The first material sensor and the first driving assembly are electrically connected to the control system 14. Preferably, the feed hopper 6 has a conical structure, that is, two spaced-apart first mounting points and second mounting points are provided on the inner wall of the feed hopper 6. The second mounting point is located between the first mounting point and the material conveying mechanism. The first material sensor is provided at the first mounting point, and the material plate and the first driving assembly are provided at the second mounting point. When the material plate is not in motion, it is used to close the feed hopper 6, that is, to restrict the entry of organic solid waste into the furnace and to restrict gas exchange. The first driving assembly can be a hydraulic driving assembly or a motor driving assembly, used to move the material plate so that the feed hopper 6 is opened, so that organic solid waste can be fed into the furnace.

[0073] In operation, the material plate initially closes the feed hopper 6. Organic solid waste continuously falls onto the material plate, where it is intercepted and accumulated until the accumulated amount reaches the position of the first material sensor. This triggers the first material sensor, which sends an activation signal to the control system 14. The control system 14 then activates the first drive assembly to move the material plate away, allowing all the accumulated organic solid waste to fall onto the material conveying mechanism inside the furnace. Once the organic solid waste is inside the furnace, the first material sensor can no longer detect any material. Therefore, the first material sensor sends an activation signal to the control system 14, which then activates the first drive assembly to reset the material plate, causing the feed hopper 6 to close again and continue accumulating organic solid waste. This process continues until the accumulated amount of organic solid waste is reached again, at which point the feed hopper 6 can be reopened to feed more waste into the furnace, achieving continuous cyclic feeding.

[0074] The distance between the first material sensor and the material plate is the condition that limits the accumulation of organic solid waste. To facilitate the adjustment of the distance between the first material sensor and the material plate, a scale line can be set on the inner wall of the feed hopper 6 to accurately control the amount of organic solid waste fed. In this embodiment, it is preferred to set the material accumulation amount to 5-8cm when the feed hopper opens. That is, when the accumulated organic solid waste is lower than the set height of the first material sensor, the material plate closes the feed hopper 6, and when the accumulated organic solid waste is higher than the set height of the first material sensor, the material plate opens the feed hopper 6.

[0075] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, regarding the structural design of the discharge port 7, in order to reduce gas leakage from the furnace body and thus reduce heat loss, it is preferable to set a second sealing unit at the discharge port 7 to seal the discharge port 7 and restrict gas flow.

[0076] Specifically, in the embodiment, the second closing unit comprises a second material sensor, a door plate and a second driving assembly, the second material sensor and the door plate are sequentially and spacedly installed at the discharge port 7, the driving end of the second driving assembly is connected with the door plate, and the second material sensor and the second driving assembly are electrically connected with the control system 14 respectively.

[0077] In use, the door plate in the original state closes the discharge port 7, and the organic solid waste after the carbonization reaction is continuously accumulated at the door plate and intercepted by the door plate until the accumulation amount of the organic solid waste reaches the position of the second material sensor, triggering the second material sensor, which sends an opening signal to the control system 14, and the control system 14 starts the second driving assembly to move the door plate away, so that the accumulated organic solid waste is discharged from the material conveying mechanism to the outside of the furnace body, and when the organic solid waste is discharged from the furnace body, the second material sensor cannot monitor the material, therefore, the second material sensor sends a closing signal to the control system 14, and the control system 14 starts the second driving assembly to reset the door plate, so that the discharge port 7 is closed again and the accumulation of organic solid waste continues, until the accumulation amount of organic solid waste is reached again, the discharge port 7 is opened again to discharge to the outside of the furnace body, realizing continuous and circulating discharge, which can make the discharge smooth and not seriously accumulated, and the discharge amount can be flexibly adjusted, and the discharge port 7 remains in a closed state, which can reduce gas loss and in turn reduce heat loss.

[0078] Further, as shown in Figure 1 In order to facilitate the rapid discharge of the organic solid waste after carbonization from the discharge port 7, an output conveyor belt 15 is preferably arranged at the discharge port 7, i.e. to facilitate the rapid conveying of the organic solid waste to the next process.

[0079] Further, as shown in Figure 1 Regarding the structural design of the material conveying mechanism, in the embodiment, in order to facilitate the continuous reaction of the organic solid waste and produce high-quality biochar in the carbonization process, the material conveying mechanism is preferably arranged in a stable chain structure, and the material conveying mechanism comprises a plurality of conveying chain plates 4, each conveying chain plate 4 is arranged in layers from the top end of the furnace body to the bottom end of the furnace body; and the material conveying directions of the conveying chain plates 4 are preferably arranged in a staggered manner, so that the material fed into the feeding hopper 6 is conveyed layer by layer to the discharge port 7 through the conveying chain plates 4.

[0080] Specifically, when organic solid waste enters the furnace body from the feed hopper 6, the conveyor chain plate 4 is preferably arranged in four layers, that is, from top to bottom in the furnace body, there are the first layer chain plate, the second layer chain plate, the third layer chain plate and the fourth layer chain plate. Since the feed hopper 6 and the discharge port 7 are both located at the right end of the furnace body, it is preferable to set the material conveying direction of the first layer chain plate to right to left, the material conveying direction of the second layer chain plate to left to right, the material conveying direction of the third layer chain plate to right to left, and the material conveying direction of the fourth layer chain plate to left to right. This allows the organic solid waste to be conveyed layer by layer from the feed hopper 6 into the furnace body to the discharge port 7, which is conducive to the full carbonization reaction of the organic solid waste.

[0081] Meanwhile, in this embodiment, in order to ensure that the organic solid waste reacts fully, it is preferable to design the length of each layer of conveyor chain plate 4 to be the same. In order to prevent the organic solid waste from falling from the joint of the two conveyor chain plates 4, it is preferable to set a baffle plate 8 at the joint end between the two conveyor chain plates 4 for receiving and conveying materials. The baffle plate 8 restricts the material from falling. It is also preferable to set the baffle plate 8 at an angle to facilitate the transition of materials between the two conveyor chain plates 4.

[0082] In addition, in this embodiment, the material conveying direction can be set to the same for each level of conveyor chain plate 4. In this case, the feed hopper 6 and the discharge port 7 need to be at opposite ends of the furnace body, which can be flexibly adjusted as needed.

[0083] Furthermore, such as Figures 1-2 As shown, since the flame of the burner 11 is sprayed over a long distance, in order to prevent the burner 11 from burning the conveyor chain plate 4 and extend the service life of the conveyor chain plate 4, in this embodiment, it is preferable to set a baffle plate 9 between each conveyor chain plate 4 and the burner 11. That is, in this embodiment, when the burner 11 sprays the flame horizontally, due to the long distance, the flame is prone to bend into an arc shape, which on the one hand is easy to burn the conveyor chain plate 4, and on the other hand is easy to cause uneven heating of organic solid waste. Therefore, in order to protect the conveyor chain plate 4 and facilitate heat collection of the burner 11, in this embodiment, a baffle plate 9 is preferably set between each conveyor chain plate 4 and the burner 11. A baffle plate 9 is provided between the burners 11. Preferably, the end of the baffle plate 9 facing the burner 11 is a flat end 910, and the end of the baffle plate 9 facing the conveyor chain plate 4 is an arc-shaped end 920. That is, the flat end 910 is used to collect heat and avoid heat dispersion, and the arc-shaped end 920 is used to increase the heating area of ​​organic solid waste and improve the carbonization effect. The arc-shaped end 920 can be set as a circular arc end or as two inclined surfaces meeting. At the same time, in this embodiment, it is preferred to provide a porous structure on the baffle plate 9 to facilitate combustion and heat conduction. The baffle plate 9 is preferably a porous ceramic structure.

[0084] Furthermore, such as Figure 1As shown, in order to further improve the heating effect of organic solid waste and avoid uneven heat distribution, in the embodiment, a plurality of temperature pipes 12 are arranged in the furnace body, the temperature pipes 12 are connected to the fire baffle 9, the heat of the fire baffle 9 is transmitted, and the heat is further diffused and uniform. Wherein, the temperature pipes 12 are vertically arranged, that is, the temperature pipes 12 are perpendicular to the conveying chain plate 4, which is beneficial to exchange the heat at the bottom of the furnace body with the heat at the top, increase the uniformity of heating, and save the internal space of the furnace body while increasing the heat diffusion area. The temperature pipes 12 are preferably arranged as flat tubes, which is beneficial to the arrangement from the gap between the furnace body and the conveying chain plate 4, and on the other hand, it is beneficial to increase the heat diffusion area, improve the heat dissipation effect, effectively control the temperature of each part in the furnace body, and improve the heat utilization rate.

[0085] Further, as shown in Figure 1 In order to collect the combustion ash generated in the furnace body, a plurality of ash hoppers 10 are arranged in the furnace body in the embodiment, the opening end of the ash hopper 10 is arranged towards the top of the furnace body, which is beneficial to the collection of the combustion ash falling into the ash hopper 10. At the same time, the two side walls of the ash hopper 10 are preferably arranged to be inclined, which is used to form a flared structure at the opening end of the ash hopper 10, which is beneficial to increase the collection area. A plurality of ash hoppers 10 are preferably arranged for easy replacement and cleaning.

[0086] Further, as shown in Figure 1 In order to facilitate the maintenance of the internal equipment of the furnace body, a plurality of maintenance doors 13 are arranged on the side wall of the furnace body in the embodiment.

[0087] Embodiment 2

[0088] As shown in Figure 1 The embodiment provides an organic solid waste carbonization method, which is implemented by using the carbonization furnace in embodiment 1, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0089] S1: Before carbonization, the carbonization temperature and the carbonization gas pressure are set in the control system 14;

[0090] S2: The control system 14 is started to preheat the furnace body by using the combustion machine 11;

[0091] S3: The temperature data in the furnace body are acquired in real time by using the temperature sensor, and the temperature data in the furnace body are transmitted to the control system 14. The control system 14 analyzes the temperature data in the furnace body and adjusts the power of the combustion machine 11, so that the temperature in the furnace body reaches the carbonization temperature;

[0092] S4: The first closed unit is started by using the control system 14, the feeding hopper 6 is opened, the organic solid waste is fed into the furnace body from the feeding hopper 6, and the material conveying mechanism is started by using the control system 14, so that the organic solid waste runs on the material conveying mechanism and performs the carbonization reaction;

[0093] S5: The pressure sensor monitors the gas pressure data during the carbonization reaction in the furnace body, and transmits the gas pressure data to the control system 14 until the control system 14 receives the gas pressure data exceeding the set carbonization gas pressure;

[0094] S6: The control system 14 starts the waste gas circulation channel to supply the waste gas generated in the carbonization process in the furnace body to the combustion machine 11 for combustion, thereby reducing the gas pressure in the furnace body and consuming the oxygen in the furnace body, forming an anaerobic environment to continue to promote the carbonization reaction;

[0095] S7: The carbonized organic solid waste is moved to the discharge port 7 by the material conveying mechanism, and the control system 14 starts the second sealing unit to open the discharge port 7, so that the carbonized organic solid waste is discharged from the furnace body.

[0096] In step S4, the first sealing unit includes a first material sensor, a material plate and a first driving assembly, so that the organic solid waste is poured into the furnace body from the feeding hopper 6, which includes the following steps:

[0097] S4.1: Set the pouring amount of organic solid waste in the first material sensor;

[0098] S4.2: The organic waste continuously accumulates in the feeding hopper 6 and is between the first material sensor and the material plate, until the accumulated amount of organic solid waste reaches the set value of the first material sensor, and the first material sensor transmits the pouring signal to the control system 14;

[0099] S4.3: The control system 14 starts the first driving assembly, and the first driving assembly drives the material plate to move to open the feeding hopper 6, so that the organic solid waste falls onto the material conveying mechanism in the furnace body.

[0100] In step S7, the second sealing unit includes a second material sensor, a door plate and a second driving assembly, so that the organic solid waste is discharged from the discharge port 7 to the outside of the furnace body, which includes the following steps:

[0101] S7.1: Set the discharge amount of organic solid waste in the second material sensor;

[0102] S7.2: When the carbonized organic solid waste moves to the discharge port 7 with the material conveying mechanism, until the accumulated amount of organic solid waste reaches the set value of the second material sensor, the second material sensor transmits the discharge signal to the control system 14;

[0103] S7.3: The control system 14 starts the second driving assembly, and the second driving assembly drives the door plate to move to open the discharge port 7, so that the carbonized organic solid waste is discharged from the discharge port 7.

[0104] It should be noted that when the furnace body is burning, waste gas is generated, in order to control the exhaust amount of the induced draft fan to exhaust the waste gas out of the furnace body, prevent the furnace body from exploding due to pressure, and the induced draft amount of the induced draft fan in the embodiment can meet the condition that the pressure in the furnace body is lower than the atmospheric pressure, i.e. preferably the carbonization gas pressure set in step S1 is 50-180 Pa lower than the atmospheric pressure, so as to generate a micro-negative pressure environment in the furnace body, avoid explosion, and improve the safety factor. At the same time, the negative pressure value in the furnace body cannot be too large, otherwise a large amount of heat will be lost.

[0105] Further, the preheating time in step S2 is 15-15 min, and the preheating temperature is 250-580℃.

[0106] Further, in the embodiment, the conveying chain plate 4 has a conveying speed of 0.2 m / min-1.2 m / min, and the organic solid can stay in the carbonization furnace for 15-60 minutes before being discharged.

[0107] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that if the positions or location relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and the like are based on the positions or location relationships shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore the terms describing the position relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative description and cannot be understood as a limitation on the present patent. For ordinary skilled persons in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances. In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second" and the like in the embodiments of the present application, the description of "first", "second" and the like is only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features limited by "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the meaning of "and / or" appearing throughout the text is that it includes three parallel schemes, for example, "A and / or B" includes A scheme, or B scheme, or A and B schemes that satisfy at the same time.

[0108] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present application are only examples for clearly illustrating the present application, and are not a limitation on the embodiments of the present application. Based on the above description, other different forms of changes or variations can be made by ordinary skilled persons in the art. Here, it is not necessary and impossible to exhaust all the embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace, characterized by, The furnace body, material conveying mechanism, several combustion machines (11), waste gas circulation pipeline (5), several temperature conduits (12) and control system (14); The furnace body is provided with a feed hopper (6) and a discharge port (7), the feed hopper (6) is provided with a first sealing unit, the discharge port (7) is provided with a second sealing unit, and the furnace body is provided with temperature sensors and pressure sensors; The material conveying mechanism is arranged in the furnace body and used for conveying the material put into the feed hopper (6) to the discharge port (7), and the material conveying mechanism comprises several conveying chain plates (4), each conveying chain plate (4) is arranged layer by layer from the top end of the furnace body to the bottom end of the furnace body; Several combustion machines (11) are arranged in the furnace body and used for making the temperature in the furnace body reach the carbonization temperature; Each conveying chain plate (4) is provided with a fire baffle (9) between the conveying chain plate (4) and the combustion machine (11), the fire baffle (9) is a porous ceramic structure, the end of the fire baffle (9) facing the combustion machine (11) is a flat end, and the end of the fire baffle (9) facing the conveying chain plate (4) is an arc-shaped end; The temperature conduit (12) is vertically arranged in the furnace body and connected with the fire baffle (9) to exchange heat from the bottom of the furnace body to the top of the furnace body; The waste gas circulation pipeline (5) is arranged in the furnace body and used for absorbing the waste gas generated in the carbonization process in the furnace body and supplying the combustion machine (11) for combustion; The control system (14) is electrically connected with the first sealing unit, the second sealing unit, the temperature sensors, the pressure sensors, the material conveying mechanism, the combustion machine (11) and the waste gas circulation pipeline (5) respectively.

2. The continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The furnace body is provided with a hearth part (1) and an exhaust cover, the hearth part (1) and the exhaust cover are in an integrated sealing structure.

3. The continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that, The exhaust cover is provided with a guide part (2) for guiding waste gas and an accumulation part (3), the guide part (2) is arranged between the hearth part (1) and the accumulation part (3).

4. The continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that, The guide part (2) is arranged as an inclined wall, and the accumulation part (3) is arranged as a gentle wall.

5. The continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that, The exhaust cover is provided with an exhaust port for unidirectional discharge of waste gas in the furnace body.

6. The continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that, An induced draft fan is arranged in the exhaust port, and the induced draft fan is electrically connected with the control system (14).

7. The continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace according to claim 6, characterized in that, An oxygen concentration monitor is arranged at the exhaust port, and the oxygen concentration monitor is electrically connected with the control system (14).

8. The continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that, One port of the waste gas circulation pipeline (5) is connected with the exhaust cover, and the other port of the waste gas circulation pipeline (5) is connected with the combustion machine (11).

9. The continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace according to claim 8, characterized in that, An explosion-proof fan is arranged in the waste gas circulation pipeline (5).

10. The continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first sealing unit comprises a first material sensor, a material plate and a first driving assembly, the first material sensor and the material plate are sequentially and spacedly arranged in the feed hopper (6), a driving end of the first driving assembly is connected with the material plate, and the first material sensor and the first driving assembly are electrically connected with the control system (14) respectively.

11. The continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace according to claim 10, characterized in that, The second closing unit comprises a second material sensor, a door plate and a second driving assembly, the second material sensor and the door plate are sequentially and spacedly arranged at the discharge port (7), the driving end of the second driving assembly is connected with the door plate, and the second material sensor and the second driving assembly are electrically connected with the control system (14) respectively.

12. The continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material conveying directions of the conveying chain plates (4) are sequentially staggered, so that the materials put into the feeding hopper (6) are sequentially conveyed to the discharge port (7) layer by layer through the conveying chain plates (4).

13. The continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace according to claim 12, characterized in that, The butt joint end for receiving and delivering materials between two conveying chain plates (4) is provided with a material blocking plate (8).

14. The continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace according to claim 13, characterized in that, The material blocking plate (8) is arranged in an inclined manner.

15. The continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of ash hoppers (10) are arranged in the furnace body, and the opening end of the ash hopper (10) is arranged towards the top of the furnace body.

16. The continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace according to claim 15, characterized in that, The side walls of the ash hopper (10) are arranged in an inclined manner, so as to form a flared structure at the opening end of the ash hopper (10).

17. A method of carbonizing organic solid waste, characterized by, The continuous organic solid waste carbonization furnace is implemented based on any one of the above claims 1-16, and specifically comprises the following steps: S1: Before carbonization, the carbonization temperature and the carbonization gas pressure are set in the control system (14); S2: The control system (14) is used to start the combustion machine (11) to preheat the furnace body; S3: The temperature sensor is used to acquire the temperature data in the furnace body in real time, and the temperature data in the furnace body is transmitted to the control system (14), the control system (14) analyzes the temperature data in the furnace body and adjusts the power of the combustion machine (11), so that the temperature in the furnace body reaches the carbonization temperature; S4: The control system (14) is used to start the first closing unit, the feeding hopper (6) is opened, the organic solid waste is put into the furnace body from the feeding hopper (6), and the control system (14) is used to start the material conveying mechanism, so that the organic solid waste runs on the material conveying mechanism and performs carbonization reaction; S5: The pressure sensor is used to monitor the gas pressure data in the furnace body during the carbonization reaction, and the gas pressure data is transmitted to the control system (14), until the control system (14) receives the gas pressure data exceeding the set carbonization gas pressure; S6: The control system (14) starts the waste gas circulation pipeline (5), and the waste gas generated in the carbonization process in the furnace body is supplied to the combustion machine (11) for combustion, so as to reduce the gas pressure in the furnace body and consume the oxygen in the furnace body, form an anaerobic environment and continue to promote the carbonization reaction; S7: After carbonization, the organic solid waste moves to the discharge port (7) along with the material conveying mechanism, the control system (14) starts the second closing unit to open the discharge port (7), so that the carbonized organic solid waste is discharged from the furnace body.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the organic solid waste is carbonized at a temperature of about 300°C to about 600°C. In step S4, the first closing unit comprises a first material sensor, a material plate and a first driving assembly, so that the organic solid waste put into the furnace body from the feeding hopper (6) specifically comprises the following steps: S4.1: setting an input amount of organic solid waste in the first material sensor; S4.2: continuously accumulating the organic waste in the feeding hopper (6) and between the first material sensor and the material plate until the accumulated amount of the organic solid waste reaches the input amount setting value of the first material sensor, the first material sensor transmitting an input signal to the control system (14); S4.3: the control system (14) starts the first driving assembly, the first driving assembly driving the material plate to move to open the feeding hopper (6) so that the organic solid waste falls onto the material conveying mechanism in the furnace body.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein the organic solid waste is carbonized at a temperature of about 300°C to about 600°C. In step S7, the second closing unit includes a second material sensor, a door plate and a second driving assembly, so that the organic solid waste is discharged from the discharge port (7) to the outside of the furnace body, specifically comprising the following steps: S7.1: setting an output amount of organic solid waste in the second material sensor; S7.2: when the carbonized organic solid waste moves to the discharge port (7) along with the material conveying mechanism until the accumulated amount of the organic solid waste reaches the output amount setting value of the second material sensor, the second material sensor transmits an output signal to the control system (14); S7.3: the control system (14) starts the second driving assembly, the second driving assembly driving the door plate to move to open the discharge port (7) so that the carbonized organic solid waste is discharged from the discharge port (7).

20. The method of claim 17, wherein the organic solid waste is carbonized at a temperature of about 300°C to about 600°C. The carbonization gas pressure set in step S1 is 50-180 Pa lower than atmospheric pressure.

21. The method of claim 17, wherein, The preheating time in step S2 is 15-15 min, and the preheating temperature is 250-580°C.

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