Ventilated heat-insulating roof and its construction method

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of building roofing practices, and in particular to a ventilated and heat-insulating roof and a construction method thereof. A ventilated and heat-insulating roof includes a structural plate and a roofing layer structure. The roofing layer structure is laid on top of the structural plate, and a flexible waterproof layer is provided on the top. A heat-insulating module for people to step on is laid on top of the flexible waterproof layer, so as to improve the durability of the flexible waterproof layer. Dry construction is carried out throughout the process, which is convenient for the initial construction and subsequent maintenance and renovation. A construction method for a ventilated and heat-insulating roof includes the following steps: S1 pouring a leveling layer → S2 constructing an insulation layer → S3 pouring a concrete protective layer → S4 constructing a flexible waterproof layer → S5 laying a heat-insulating module → S6 installing a fan. The present application has the effect of improving the use efficiency of the roof fan and making the roof have good heat-insulating and ventilation properties.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of building roofing practices, and in particular to a ventilated and heat-insulating roof and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Many residential areas in southern my country have poor roof insulation, resulting in unbearable indoor heat and stuffiness on the top floors due to summer sun exposure, which causes serious discomfort to users and increases the energy consumption of air conditioners and other refrigeration equipment.

[0003] Common roofing practices can be referred to the patent document with publication number CN207277701U, which discloses a thermal insulation and waterproof roof panel with a flexible leveling mortar, in which a flexible mortar leveling layer and an anti-cracking protective layer are arranged above the flexible waterproof layer of the roll material to protect the flexible waterproof layer of the roll material.

[0004] However, the durability of current waterproof materials is far lower than the design service life of the building. Since the above roofing method pours cement mortar and concrete protective layers on top of the waterproof membrane, when the roof is old and leaks, the hardened cement mortar and concrete need to be pried apart before the waterproof membrane can be replaced. Not only is renovation difficult, but it is also inconvenient for daily maintenance. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to facilitate the maintenance and modification of the roof waterproofing layer and improve the thermal insulation and ventilation performance of the roof, the present application provides a ventilated and thermally insulating roof and a construction method thereof.

[0006] In the first aspect, the present application provides a ventilated and heat-insulating roof, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A ventilated and heat-insulated roof, comprising:

[0008] A structural plate, wherein a roofing layer structure is provided on the structural plate, and the roofing layer structure is used to protect the structural plate, and the roofing layer structure includes a flexible waterproof layer located on the top surface;

[0009] The heat-insulating module comprises a pad, columns and a panel, wherein the pad is laid on the top surface of the flexible waterproof layer, a plurality of columns are supported between the pad and the panel, the panel is used for walking on, and a heat-insulating space is formed between the pad and the panel.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, a flexible waterproof layer is set on the top surface of the roof layer structure, and a heat insulation module is laid on the top surface of the flexible waterproof layer to protect the flexible waterproof layer and improve the durability of the flexible waterproof layer. Dry construction is carried out throughout the process, which is convenient for initial construction and later maintenance and renovation. The heat insulation module is made into a form in which multiple columns are set on the pad to support the panel, and a heat insulation space is formed between the panel and the pad, thereby improving the ventilation and heat insulation capacity of the roof. Especially when renovating old houses, the use of the above ventilated and heat-insulating roof can achieve the effect of shortening the construction period and saving time.

[0011] Optionally, the edge of the insulation module fits tightly against the parapet walls around the roof, and there are multiple insulation modules. A sloped drainage trough is provided between adjacent insulation modules, and the drainage trough is used to drain the accumulated water on the insulation module to the rainwater pipe outside the roof.

[0012] Traditional roofs with insulation layers have drainage ditches between the insulation layer and the parapet, and the insulation space inside the insulation layer also serves as a drainage trough. This built-in drainage trough method makes the insulation layer damp and prone to residual dirt, and it is inconvenient to clean and repair the drainage trough after it is blocked. This solution sets sloped drainage troughs between adjacent insulation modules, and fits the edges of the insulation modules tightly against the parapet around the roof. It can keep the insulation space dry and clean, and the open drainage troughs can also be more convenient for maintenance and dredging, thereby increasing the service life of the roof.

[0013] Optionally, a slot is formed on the side wall of the panel, a water guide bar is provided in the slot of an adjacent panel, the drainage groove is formed by the water guide bar and the side wall of the panel, and the gap between the water guide bar and the panel is filled with sealant.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, a groove is provided on the side wall of the panel, and the drainage groove structure formed by the water guide strip being clamped in the groove is simple. The drainage groove is set in the joints of adjacent panels, and each joint is used as a drainage channel, which divides the drainage channel into parts, reduces the width of a single drainage groove, and improves the integrity of the panel surface and the walking comfort. Filling the gap between the water guide strip and the panel with sealant improves the sealing of the drainage groove and tries to prevent rainwater from penetrating into the insulation space through the gap of the drainage groove.

[0015] Optionally, a fan is provided on the top of the insulation module, the fan is connected to the insulation space, a vent is opened on the panel, and a canopy is provided above the vent.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, installing a fan on the top of the insulation module can ventilate and dissipate heat inside the insulation space. Because the insulation module is close to the surrounding parapets, it is necessary to open vents on the panel to cooperate with the fan to improve ventilation and heat exchange efficiency.

[0017] In addition, because multiple columns are supported between the panel and the pad, the insulation spaces of adjacent insulation modules are interconnected, so that the insulation spaces within the roof range are connected as a whole, and one fan can realize air circulation in the insulation space within the entire roof range. A canopy is set above the vent to block rainwater and prevent rainwater from entering the insulation space.

[0018] Optionally, the column is fixedly connected to the pad, and a plurality of plug-in grooves corresponding to the columns are opened on a side of the panel facing the column, and the column and the plug-in grooves are matched with mortise and tenon joints; the pad includes a plurality of unit plates spliced ​​with each other, and the unit plates are fixedly connected to the columns corresponding to each other.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the panel and the column mortise and tenon joints can be cut and processed separately, so that the edge of the panel fits the outer periphery of the fan. The pad is made of multiple unit boards with columns. The number of unit boards can be flexibly increased or decreased to divide the insulation module into different shapes, thereby reserving the position of roof equipment such as fans or planting troughs.

[0020] Optionally, the column is a thin-walled structure, including a plurality of cross-connected trapezoidal plates, the upper bottom surface of the trapezoidal plate is fixedly connected to the panel, and the lower bottom surface of the trapezoidal plate is fixedly connected to the pad.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the cross-section of the column gradually increases from top to bottom, which can improve the bearing capacity of the column. The thin-walled column itself has a lighter weight, which can reduce the load on the structural plate. Compared with the thin-walled column with an annular cross-section, multiple trapezoidal plates are cross-connected to form a force-bearing skeleton in the middle of the column, which can improve the bearing capacity of the column and make the column less likely to be stepped on and damaged. In addition, the edges of the skeleton-shaped column are open, which can improve the integrity of the insulation space and facilitate air circulation compared to the column with an annular closed cross-section. The pads and columns of the unit splicing can be partially replaced after damage, thereby reducing maintenance costs.

[0022] Optionally, the thermal insulation module is made of polypropylene.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the polypropylene material has the characteristics of pressure resistance and wear resistance, and is suitable for making insulation modules for stepping on. The polypropylene board also has good crack resistance, so it can withstand summer exposure. The use of polypropylene material can improve the durability of the insulation module in many aspects.

[0024] Optionally, an aluminum foil insulation layer is provided inside the panel.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, adding an aluminum foil insulation layer inside the panel can improve the thermal insulation capacity of the panel.

[0026] Optionally, the roof layer structure also includes a leveling layer, a thermal insulation layer and a concrete protective layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, a leveling layer, an insulation layer and a concrete protective layer are arranged under the flexible waterproof layer to protect the structural plate. The surface layer that requires wet work is placed under the flexible waterproof layer. When the flexible waterproof layer is repaired and modified, there is no need to destroy the rigid protective structure, thereby reducing the generation of construction waste.

[0028] In a second aspect, the present application provides a construction method applied to the above-mentioned ventilated and heat-insulated roof, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0029] A construction method for a ventilated and heat-insulated roof comprises the following steps:

[0030] S1 pouring a leveling layer: providing cement mortar, pouring the cement mortar on the surface of the structural plate, and forming a leveling layer after solidification;

[0031] S2: constructing the insulation layer: providing an insulation board, laying the insulation board on the surface of the leveling layer to form an insulation layer;

[0032] S3 pouring concrete protective layer: providing concrete and steel bars, laying steel bars in both directions on the surface of the insulation layer to form a steel mesh, pouring concrete on the steel mesh, and forming a concrete protective layer after solidification;

[0033] S4 constructs a flexible waterproof layer: provides waterproof coiled material, and lays the waterproof coiled material on the surface of the concrete protective layer to form a flexible waterproof layer;

[0034] S5: laying heat insulation modules: splicing heat insulation modules in sequence on the surface of the flexible waterproof layer;

[0035] S6: installing the fan: providing a fan, opening a mounting opening on the surface of the heat insulation module, and installing the fan in the mounting opening.

[0036] By adopting the above technical solution, when constructing the roof structure, the leveling layer and concrete protective layer that require wet work are constructed first, and the flexible waterproof layer is laid as the last step, which makes it easier to maintain and renovate the waterproof layer later.

[0037] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0038] 1. The durability of the flexible waterproof layer is improved by setting the flexible waterproof layer on the top surface of the roof structure and laying an insulation module with insulation space on the top surface of the flexible waterproof layer. The whole process is dry construction, which is convenient for the initial construction and later maintenance and renovation. The insulation module is hollow inside to form an insulation space, which not only protects the flexible waterproof layer but also improves the insulation capacity of the roof. It is convenient for construction and saves construction time when renovating the roof of old residential areas.

[0039] 2. The insulation module is made into a form in which multiple columns are arranged on the pad to support the panel, and a fan is arranged to ventilate and dissipate heat in the insulation space. The insulation spaces of adjacent insulation modules are interconnected, and then the insulation spaces within the roof range are connected as a whole. One fan can realize air circulation in the insulation space within the entire roof range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the ventilated and heat-insulating roof structure of an embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Figure 2 It is an exploded diagram of the insulation module structure of an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the panel structure of an embodiment of the present application.

[0043] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of area A in the middle.

[0044] Figure 5 It is a flow chart of the construction method of the ventilated and heat-insulating roof according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0045] Description of reference numerals:

[0046] 10. Parapet; 20. Rainwater pipe; 1. Structural board; 2. Roof structure; 21. Leveling layer; 22. Insulation layer; 23. Concrete protective layer; 24. Flexible waterproof layer; 25. Polyester non-woven fabric; 3. Insulation module; 31. Pad; 311. Unit board; 32. Column; 321. Trapezoidal board; 322. Stiffening rib; 33. Panel; 331. Vent; 332. Slot; 333. Plug-in slot; 334. Aluminum foil insulation layer; 34. Insulation space; 4. Drainage trough; 5. Water guide strip; 6. Fan; 7. Canopy. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following is combined with Figure 1-5 This application is described in further detail.

[0048] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application discloses a ventilated and heat-insulating roof.

[0049] Reference Figure 1 The ventilated and heat-insulating roof comprises a structural plate 1 and a roofing layer structure 2. The roofing layer structure 2 is laid on the structural plate 1, and a flexible waterproof layer 24 is provided on the top. A heat-insulating module 3 for people to step on is laid on the flexible waterproof layer 24, so as to improve the durability of the flexible waterproof layer 24. Dry construction is carried out throughout the process, which is convenient for the initial construction and later maintenance and renovation.

[0050] Reference Figure 1 The roofing structure 2 also includes a leveling layer 21, an insulation layer 22 and a concrete protective layer 23 arranged in sequence from bottom to top. The leveling layer 21 is cast by cement mortar, and the insulation layer 22 is preferably a flame-retardant molded polystyrene board, which can not only keep the heat but also prevent fire. Before casting the concrete protective layer 23, a layer of polyester fiber non-woven fabric 25 can be dry-laid on the top surface of the insulation layer 22 to isolate the insulation board from the concrete protective layer 23, thereby solving the problem that the concrete and polystyrene board are deformed asynchronously and easily lead to cracking of the concrete protective layer 23. Steel bars are laid in both directions in the concrete protective layer 23 to improve the crack resistance of the concrete protective layer 23, and steel mesh or wire mesh can also be directly used to replace the two-way steel bars. The flexible waterproof layer 24 can choose to use PVC waterproof coiled material, and the edge of the flexible waterproof layer 24 is attached to the inner wall of the parapet 10, rolled and bent upward, and fixed to the parapet 10.

[0051] Reference Figure 1 , multiple insulation modules 3 are fully laid on the flexible waterproof layer 24, and the edges of the insulation modules 3 are closely attached to the parapet walls 10 around the roof. The insulation modules 3 can improve the thermal insulation capacity of the roof while protecting the flexible waterproof layer 24. A small non-powered fan 6 is arranged on the top of the insulation module 3, and the inside of the fan 6 is connected to the insulation space 34 to ventilate and exchange heat for the insulation space 34. A vent 331 for use with the fan 6 is provided on the panel 33, and a canopy 7 is installed above the vent 331. The edge of the vent 331 is higher than the panel 33 to prevent water from the ground from pouring into the vent 331. In addition, the edges of the columns 32 in the form of a skeleton are open, so that the insulation spaces 34 of adjacent insulation modules 3 are interconnected, so that the insulation spaces 34 within the roof range are connected as a whole, and one fan 6 can realize air circulation in the insulation space 34 within the entire roof range.

[0052] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 The heat insulation module 3 is square and includes a pad 31, a column 32 and a panel 33. The pad 31 is laid on the top surface of the flexible waterproof layer 24, and a plurality of columns 32 are supported between the pad 31 and the panel 33. The panel 33 is used for walking on, and an aluminum foil heat insulation layer 334 is laid inside the panel 33 to improve the heat insulation capacity of the heat insulation module 3. A heat insulation space 34 is formed between the pad 31 and the panel 33.

[0053] Reference Figure 2, the cross-section of the column 32 gradually increases from the top surface to the bottom surface, which can improve the bearing capacity of the column 32 and enhance the durability of the insulation module 3. The column 32 is a thin-walled structure with a cross-shaped cross section, including two integrally formed cross-vertical trapezoidal plates 321, the upper bottom surface of the trapezoidal plate 321 is fixedly connected to the panel 33, and the lower bottom surface of the trapezoidal plate 321 is fixedly connected to the pad 31. The thin-walled structure of the column 32 makes its own weight lighter, thereby reducing the load on the structural plate 1. Compared with the thin-walled conical column 32 with an annular cross-section, the two trapezoidal plates 321 cross to form a force-bearing skeleton in the middle of the column 32, which can improve the bearing capacity of the column 32 and make the column 32 not easily damaged by being stepped on. In order to further improve the bearing capacity of the column 32, it is also possible to choose to set a stiffening rib 322 horizontally in the middle of the trapezoidal plate 321.

[0054] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 The pad 31 includes a plurality of mutually spliced ​​square unit panels 311, the unit panels 311 correspond to the columns 32 one by one, and the columns 32 are fixed in the center of the unit panels 311 by mortise and tenon joints. The unit panels 311 and the columns 32 can also be fixed by bonding, one-piece molding, etc. The panel 33 is square and smaller than the pad 31. The side of the panel 33 facing the columns 32 is provided with a plurality of cross-shaped plug-in grooves 333 corresponding to the columns 32 one by one, and the columns 32 are matched with the plug-in grooves 333 by mortise and tenon joints. The thermal insulation module 3 can be divided into different shapes by flexibly increasing or decreasing the number of unit panels 311, so that the position of roofing equipment or planting troughs such as the fan 6 can be reserved or irregularly shaped parts can be filled. The panel 33 can be removed and cut separately so that the edge of the panel 33 fits the outer periphery of the fan 6.

[0055] The insulation module 3 is made of polypropylene material, which has the characteristics of pressure resistance and wear resistance, and is suitable for making insulation modules 3 for people to step on. In addition, the polypropylene board also has good crack resistance, so it can withstand summer exposure. The use of polypropylene material can improve the durability of the insulation module 3 in many aspects.

[0056] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 4, a water guide strip 5 is provided in the joint of the adjacent panels 33, a slot 332 is horizontally provided on the side wall of the panel 33, the water guide strip 5 is inserted into the slot 332 of the panels 33 on both sides, and the water guide strip 5 and the side wall of the panel 33 are surrounded to form a drainage groove 4. The water guide strip 5 is in an inverted T shape, which can prevent larger stones or fallen leaves from falling into the drainage groove 4. Each joint is used as a drainage channel, which divides the drainage channel into parts, reduces the width of a single drainage groove 4, and improves the integrity of the surface of the panel 33 and the comfort of walking. The drainage groove 4 has a slope, which can drain the accumulated water on the insulation module 3 to the rainwater pipe 20 on the periphery of the roof. You can choose to fill the gap between the water guide strip 5 and the panel 33 with sealant to improve the sealing of the drainage groove 4 and try to prevent rainwater from penetrating into the insulation space 34 through the gap of the drainage groove 4.

[0057] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application discloses a construction method for a ventilated and heat-insulating roof.

[0058] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 5 , the construction method of the ventilated and thermally insulated roof includes the following steps:

[0059] S1 pouring the leveling layer 21: clean the surface of the structural plate 1, provide 1:2.5 cement mortar, pour the cement mortar on the surface of the structural plate 1, and form a 20mm thick leveling layer 21 after solidification.

[0060] S2 constructs the insulation layer 22: provides a 75 mm thick flame-retardant molded polystyrene insulation board, and lays the insulation board on the surface of the leveling layer 21 to form the insulation layer 22.

[0061] A layer of polyester nonwoven fabric 25 is dry-laid on the thermal insulation layer 22 .

[0062] S3 pouring concrete protective layer 23: providing fine stone concrete and steel bars with a diameter of 4 mm, laying steel bars in both directions on the surface of the thermal insulation layer 22 to form a steel mesh, and then pouring fine stone concrete on the steel mesh to form a concrete protective layer 23 after solidification.

[0063] S4 constructs a flexible waterproof layer: provides a 3 mm thick PVC waterproof membrane, lays the waterproof membrane on the surface of the concrete protective layer 23, and nails the waterproof membrane to the inner wall of the parapet 10, and then applies adhesive to form a flexible waterproof layer 24.

[0064] S5: laying the heat insulation modules 3: splicing the heat insulation modules 3 in sequence on the surface of the flexible waterproof layer 24.

[0065] S6 Install the fan 6: open a mounting opening on the surface of the heat insulation module 3, and install the fan 6 in the mounting opening.

[0066] The implementation principle of a ventilated and heat-insulating roof and its construction method in an embodiment of the present application is as follows: construct a roofing layer structure 2 above a structural plate 1, and lay a flexible waterproof layer 24 on the top of the roofing layer structure 2, and then lay a heat-insulating module 3 above the flexible waterproof layer 24 to protect the flexible waterproof layer 24; fix columns 32 on the unit plates 311 in one-to-one correspondence, splice the unit plates 311 to form a pad 31, cover the pad 31 with a panel 33, so that a connected heat-insulating space 34 is formed inside the heat-insulating module 3, and finally the fan 6 cooperates with the vent 331 to allow air to circulate in the heat-insulating space 34 to dissipate heat from the roof.

[0067] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A ventilated and heat-insulated roof, characterized in that: include: A structural plate (1), wherein a roofing layer structure (2) is provided on the structural plate (1), wherein the roofing layer structure (2) is used to protect the structural plate (1), and wherein the roofing layer structure (2) comprises a flexible waterproof layer (24) located on the top surface; The heat insulation module (3) comprises a pad (31), columns (32) and a panel (33), wherein the pad (31) is laid on the top surface of the flexible waterproof layer (24), a plurality of columns (32) are supported between the pad (31) and the panel (33), the panel (33) is used for walking on, and a heat insulation space (34) is formed between the pad (31) and the panel (33); the edge of the heat insulation module (3) is closely attached to the parapet wall (10) around the roof, and the heat insulation module (3) is provided with a plurality of drainage grooves (4) with a slope, and the drainage grooves (4) are used to drain the accumulated water on the heat insulation module (3) to the rainwater pipe (20) outside the roof; A slot (332) is provided on the side wall of the panel (33), a water guide strip (5) is provided in the slot (332) adjacent to the panel (33), the drainage groove (4) is formed by the water guide strip (5) and the side wall of the panel (33), and the gap between the water guide strip (5) and the panel (33) is filled with sealant.

2. The ventilated and heat-insulated roof according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fan (6) is provided on the top of the heat insulation module (3), the fan (6) is in communication with the heat insulation space (34), a vent (331) is provided on the panel (33), and a canopy (7) is provided above the vent (331).

3. The ventilated and heat-insulated roof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upright posts (32) are fixedly connected to the pad (31); a surface of the panel (33) facing the upright posts (32) is provided with a plurality of insertion slots (333) corresponding one to one with the upright posts (32); the upright posts (32) and the insertion slots (333) are matched with mortise and tenon joints; the pad (31) comprises a plurality of unit plates (311) spliced ​​together; the unit plates (311) are fixedly connected one to one with the upright posts (32).

4. The ventilated and heat-insulated roof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upright column (32) is a thin-walled structure, comprising a plurality of cross-connected trapezoidal plates (321), the upper bottom surface of the trapezoidal plates (321) being fixedly connected to the panel (33), and the lower bottom surface of the trapezoidal plates (321) being fixedly connected to the pad (31).

5. The ventilated and heat-insulated roof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat insulation module (3) is made of polypropylene.

6. The ventilated and heat-insulated roof according to claim 1, characterized in that: An aluminum foil heat insulation layer (334) is provided inside the panel (33).

7. The ventilated and heat-insulated roof according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The roof layer structure (2) further comprises a leveling layer (21), a thermal insulation layer (22) and a concrete protective layer (23) which are arranged in sequence from bottom to top.

8. A construction method for the ventilated and heat-insulated roof according to claim 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1 pouring a leveling layer (21): providing cement mortar, pouring the cement mortar on the surface of the structural plate (1), and forming a leveling layer (21) after solidification; S2: constructing the thermal insulation layer (22): providing a thermal insulation board, and laying the thermal insulation board on the surface of the leveling layer (21) to form the thermal insulation layer (22); S3 pouring a concrete protective layer (23): providing concrete and steel bars, laying steel bars in both directions on the surface of the thermal insulation layer (22) to form a steel mesh, pouring concrete on the steel mesh, and forming a concrete protective layer (23) after solidification; S4 constructing a flexible waterproof layer: providing a waterproof roll material, laying the waterproof roll material on the surface of the concrete protective layer (23) to form a flexible waterproof layer (24); S5: laying the heat insulation modules (3): sequentially splicing the heat insulation modules (3) on the surface of the flexible waterproof layer (24); S6: installing the fan (6): providing a fan (6), opening a mounting opening on the surface of the heat insulation module (3), and installing the fan (6) in the mounting opening.

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