Fixed-frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna based on liquid crystal panel technology

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fixed-frequency scanning leaky wave antenna based on a liquid crystal panel process, and relates to the field of antenna technology. The fixed-frequency scanning leaky wave antenna includes a first glass layer, a first metal layer, a liquid crystal layer, a second metal layer, a second glass layer, and a third metal layer, which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The specialized cross-shaped gap in the second metal layer resonates with the transmission line with I-shaped serrations in the third metal layer, and together realizes electromagnetic radiation. The rectangular metal ring in the first metal layer interacts with the specialized cross-shaped gap in the second metal layer and the transmission line with I-shaped serrations in the third metal layer, which can filter out electromagnetic clutter and improve electromagnetic radiation efficiency. Based on the properties of the liquid crystal panel process itself and combined with the design method of the leaky wave antenna, the present invention proposes a leaky wave antenna structure with a fixed-frequency scanning capability that has excellent electrical tuning performance and optimized electromagnetic radiation characteristics while meeting the liquid crystal panel processing technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a fixed-frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna based on a liquid crystal panel process. Background Art

[0002] As a traditional electrically controlled scanning antenna, leaky wave antenna has attracted wide attention in the antenna field due to its high radiation efficiency. This type of antenna shows good performance in the microwave and millimeter wave bands. However, leaky wave antenna can only achieve directional pattern scanning by changing the operating frequency, and cannot perform directional pattern scanning at a fixed frequency, which limits its applicability in various application scenarios.

[0003] In modern communication systems, the fixed-frequency scanning capability of antenna patterns is of great significance and can significantly simplify the system architecture. Therefore, in recent years, researchers have actively explored methods to give leaky-wave antennas fixed-frequency scanning capabilities in order to improve the radiation efficiency of existing electronically controlled scanning antennas. Currently, there are two main methods for achieving fixed-frequency scanning of leaky-wave antennas.

[0004] The first method is to periodically load an electrically controlled element (such as a PIN diode or a varactor diode) in the leaky wave antenna to achieve fixed-frequency scanning. PIN diodes exhibit good isolation and conduction characteristics in the centimeter wave band, making them one of the commonly used devices in the field of reconfigurable antennas. In application scenarios where only two states (switches) are required, PIN diodes have a high cost-effectiveness. As a voltage-controlled electrical component, the varactor diode has continuous adjustment capabilities and can achieve continuous adjustment of physical parameters. However, the fixed-frequency scanning leaky wave antennas based on these electrically controlled elements are affected by the component packaging parameters and work in a lower frequency range. As the frequency increases, the performance of the leaky wave antenna deteriorates sharply. In addition, although the leaky wave antenna based on MEMS RF capacitors can work at higher frequencies, the nature of its mechanical structure makes mechanical fatigue a problem that hinders its widespread application.

[0005] The application of liquid crystal materials as an electrically controlled material in the microwave band provides a new way to solve the above problems. Its electrically controlled characteristics are derived from the molecular pointing deviation of the material itself, so it has excellent physical properties in the microwave, terahertz and even optical frequency ranges. However, liquid crystal materials are difficult to process due to their special material state, making efficient electrical control mechanisms crucial in the design of adjustable antennas. At present, the theoretical and technical maturity of the application of liquid crystal materials in antenna design is not high, and the corresponding design methods are relatively scarce. The main existing ones can be summarized as follows: Understanding and application of the characteristics of liquid crystal materials:

[0006] 1. Liquid crystal materials have unique molecular pointing deviation characteristics and exhibit excellent electromagnetic properties in the microwave, terahertz and optical frequency ranges. However, to fully utilize these characteristics to design high-performance fixed-frequency scanning leaky wave antennas, it is necessary to have a deep understanding and study of the characteristics of liquid crystal materials.

[0007] 2. Electric control mechanism design: In view of the characteristics of liquid crystal materials, it is a challenge to design an efficient and reliable electric control mechanism to achieve fixed-frequency scanning capability. This requires taking into account the reliability and stability of the mechanism while ensuring the fixed-frequency scanning performance.

[0008] 3. Processing technology challenges: Although the LCD panel process is very mature, how to apply it in the antenna field and develop, design and manufacture antennas under the conditions of meeting the LCD panel process is one of the key issues in realizing liquid crystal leaky wave antennas. Summary of the invention

[0009] The present invention is to meet the demand for a leaky wave antenna having excellent electrical tuning performance and optimized electromagnetic radiation characteristics while meeting the processing technology of a liquid crystal panel, thereby providing a fixed-frequency scanning leaky wave antenna based on the liquid crystal panel process.

[0010] To achieve this purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a fixed-frequency scanning leaky wave antenna based on a liquid crystal panel process, comprising a first glass layer, a first metal layer, a liquid crystal layer, a second metal layer, a second glass layer and a third metal layer arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the first metal layer is composed of a plurality of rectangular metal rings arranged at equal intervals along the Y-axis direction, and the structural dimensions of the plurality of rectangular metal rings are consistent; the second metal layer is provided with the same number of specialized cross-shaped gaps as the rectangular metal rings, the structural dimensions of the plurality of specialized cross-shaped gaps are consistent, the plurality of specialized cross-shaped gaps are arranged at equal intervals along the Y-axis direction, and the center of each specialized cross-shaped gap is aligned with the center of each rectangular metal ring. The centers of the rings are arranged one by one in upper and lower correspondence; the specialized cross-shaped gap is a cross-shaped gap with two protrusion structures at each end; the third metal layer is a transmission line with a plurality of I-shaped saw teeth arranged at equal intervals along the Y-axis direction, and the structural dimensions of the plurality of I-shaped saw teeth are consistent; in the Y-axis direction, the distance from the rectangular metal ring to the next rectangular metal ring in the first metal layer is greater than the distance from the I-shaped saw tooth to the next I-shaped saw tooth in the third metal layer, and the number of the I-shaped saw teeth is greater than the number of the rectangular metal rings, so that the range of the I-shaped saw teeth in the third metal layer is not less than the range of the rectangular metal ring in the first metal layer and the range of the specialized cross-shaped gap in the second metal.

[0011] Optionally, the thickness of the first glass layer and the thickness of the second glass layer are less than 2 mm; the thickness of the second metal layer is less than or equal to 0.035 mm; and the distance from the first metal layer to the second metal layer is less than or equal to 1 mm.

[0012] Optionally, the vertical length of the inner diameter of the rectangular metal ring is smaller than the vertical length of the outer diameter of the rectangular metal ring, and the vertical length of the outer diameter of the rectangular metal ring is smaller than the free space wavelength; the lateral length of the inner diameter of the rectangular metal ring is smaller than the lateral length of the outer diameter of the rectangular metal ring, and the lateral length of the outer diameter of the rectangular metal ring is smaller than the distance from the rectangular metal ring to the next rectangular metal ring; the distance from the rectangular metal ring to the next rectangular metal ring is smaller than 0.5 times the free space wavelength.

[0013] Optionally, the width of the transverse slot in the specialized cross-shaped slot is smaller than the length of the vertical slot in the specialized cross-shaped slot, and the length of the vertical slot in the specialized cross-shaped slot is smaller than the vertical length of the specialized cross-shaped slot as a whole; the vertical length of the specialized cross-shaped slot as a whole is smaller than the free space wavelength λ; the width of the vertical slot in the specialized cross-shaped slot is smaller than the length of the transverse slot in the specialized cross-shaped slot; the length of the transverse slot in the specialized cross-shaped slot is smaller than the transverse length of the specialized cross-shaped slot as a whole; the transverse length of the specialized cross-shaped slot as a whole is smaller than the distance from a rectangular metal ring to the next rectangular metal ring.

[0014] Optionally, the width of the transmission line is smaller than the length of the vertical side of the I-shaped sawtooth, and the vertical length of the I-shaped sawtooth is smaller than the free space wavelength; the vertical side width of the I-shaped sawtooth is smaller than the length of the transverse side of the I-shaped sawtooth, and the transverse side length of the I-shaped sawtooth is smaller than the distance from the I-shaped sawtooth to the next I-shaped sawtooth, and the distance from the I-shaped sawtooth to the next I-shaped sawtooth is smaller than 0.4 times the free space wavelength.

[0015] Optionally, the thickness of the first glass layer and the thickness of the second glass layer are both 0.5mm; the thickness of the second metal layer is 3um; the distance from the first metal layer to the second metal layer is 0.25mm; the vertical length of the inner diameter of the rectangular metal ring is 0.6mm; the vertical length of the outer diameter of the rectangular metal ring is 1mm; the lateral length of the inner diameter of the rectangular metal ring is 0.5mm; the lateral length of the outer diameter of the rectangular metal ring is 0.9mm; the distance from the rectangular metal ring to the next rectangular metal ring is 1.5mm; the number of rectangular metal rings is 21; the width of the lateral gap in the specialized cross-shaped gap is 0.3mm; The length of the vertical gap in the specialized cross-shaped gap is 1mm; the vertical length of the specialized cross-shaped gap as a whole is 1.2mm; the width of the vertical gap in the specialized cross-shaped gap is 0.3mm; the length of the horizontal gap in the specialized cross-shaped gap is 0.9mm; the horizontal length of the specialized cross-shaped gap as a whole is 1.3mm; the width of the transmission line is 0.4mm; the length of the vertical side of the I-shaped sawtooth is 1.4mm; the width of the vertical side of the I-shaped sawtooth is 0.6mm; the length of the horizontal side of the I-shaped sawtooth is 0.8mm, and the distance from the I-shaped sawtooth to the next I-shaped sawtooth is 1mm; the number of I-shaped sawtooths set is 45.

[0016] Optionally, the glass material of the first glass layer is consistent with the glass material of the second glass layer, and the relative dielectric constant of the first glass layer and the second glass layer is 4.7, and the loss tangent is 0.0048.

[0017] Optionally, the liquid crystal layer is microwave liquid crystal, and the dielectric constant component in the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is 3.22; the dielectric constant component perpendicular to the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules is 2.24.

[0018] Optionally, the first metal layer, the second metal layer and the third metal layer are made of the same metal material.

[0019] Optionally, the first metal layer is a lower copper-clad layer of the first glass layer; the second metal layer is an upper copper-clad layer of the second glass layer; and the third metal layer is a lower copper-clad layer of the second glass layer.

[0020] The technical solution provided by the present invention may include the following beneficial effects:

[0021] In the present invention, the first metal layer and the second metal layer correspond to the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the liquid crystal drive. Among them, the specialized cross-shaped gap in the second metal layer resonates with the transmission line with I-shaped serrations in the third metal layer to jointly realize electromagnetic radiation. The protrusion structure on the specialized cross-shaped gap can effectively improve the tuning efficiency of the liquid crystal. In addition, the rectangular metal ring in the first metal layer interacts with the specialized cross-shaped gap in the second metal layer and the transmission line with I-shaped serrations in the third metal layer, which can filter out electromagnetic clutter and improve the efficiency of electromagnetic radiation.

[0022] Based on the properties of the liquid crystal panel process itself and in combination with the design method of the leaky wave antenna, the present invention proposes a leaky wave antenna structure with excellent electrical tuning performance and optimized electromagnetic radiation characteristics while meeting the liquid crystal panel processing technology and having a fixed frequency scanning capability. The leaky wave antenna structure provided by the present invention has the characteristics of high tuning rate and large scanning angle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural exploded schematic diagram of a fixed-frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a fixed-frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first metal layer of a fixed-frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second metal layer of a fixed-frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a third metal layer of a fixed-frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a beam scanning diagram of a fixed-frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Among them: 100-first glass layer, 200-first metal layer, 210-rectangular metal ring, 300-liquid crystal layer, 400-second metal layer, 410-specialized cross-shaped gap, 411-protrusion structure, 500-second glass layer, 600-third metal layer, 610-I-shaped sawtooth, 620-transmission line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features, and are used to distinguish and describe features, without distinction of order or importance.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0033] Figure 1 The fixed-frequency scanning leaky wave antenna based on the liquid crystal panel process disclosed in the present invention comprises a first glass layer 100, a first metal layer 200, a liquid crystal layer 300, a second metal layer 400, a second glass layer 500 and a third metal layer 600 arranged in sequence from top to bottom;

[0034] The first metal layer 200 is composed of a plurality of rectangular metal rings 210 arranged at equal intervals along the Y-axis direction, and the structural dimensions of the plurality of rectangular metal rings 210 are consistent;

[0035] The second metal layer 400 is provided with the same number of specialized cross-shaped gaps 410 as the rectangular metal rings 210, the structural dimensions of the plurality of specialized cross-shaped gaps 410 are consistent, the plurality of specialized cross-shaped gaps 410 are arranged at equal intervals along the Y-axis direction, and the center of each specialized cross-shaped gap 410 is arranged one by one in vertical correspondence with the center of each rectangular metal ring 210; the specialized cross-shaped gap 410 is a cross-shaped gap with two protrusion structures 411 at each end;

[0036] The third metal layer 600 is a transmission line 620 with a plurality of I-shaped saw teeth 610 arranged at equal intervals along the Y-axis direction, and the structural dimensions of the plurality of I-shaped saw teeth 610 are consistent; in a top view, the center of each rectangular metal ring 210 and the center of each specialized cross-shaped gap 410 are both on the central axis of the transmission line 620; in the Y-axis direction, the distance d from the rectangular metal ring 210 in the first metal layer 200 to the next rectangular metal ring 210 is 1 is greater than the distance d from the I-shaped sawtooth 610 to the next I-shaped sawtooth 610 in the third metal layer 600 2 The number M of the I-shaped saw teeth 610 is greater than the number N of the rectangular metal rings 210, so that the range of the I-shaped saw teeth in the third metal layer 600 is not less than the range of the rectangular metal rings in the first metal layer 200 and the range of the specialized cross-shaped gaps in the second metal.

[0037] In the present invention, the first metal layer 200 and the second metal layer 400 correspond to the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the liquid crystal drive. By controlling the potential difference between each upper electrode and the lower electrode, the liquid crystal molecules are controlled to rotate, so as to control the beam scanning angle of the leaky wave antenna under the condition of fixed frequency. Among them, the specialized cross-shaped gap 410 in the second metal layer 400 resonates with the transmission line 620 with I-shaped sawtooth in the third metal layer 600 to jointly realize electromagnetic radiation. The protruding structure 411 on the specialized cross-shaped gap 410 can effectively improve the tuning efficiency of the liquid crystal. In addition, the rectangular metal ring 210 in the first metal layer 200 interacts with the specialized cross-shaped gap 410 in the second metal layer 400 and the transmission line 620 with I-shaped sawtooth in the third metal layer 600, which can filter out electromagnetic clutter and improve the efficiency of electromagnetic radiation.

[0038] Based on the properties of the liquid crystal panel process itself and in combination with the design method of the leaky wave antenna, the present invention proposes a leaky wave antenna structure with excellent electrical tuning performance and optimized electromagnetic radiation characteristics while meeting the liquid crystal panel processing technology and having a fixed frequency scanning capability. The leaky wave antenna structure provided by the present invention has the characteristics of high tuning rate and large scanning angle.

[0039] As an optional embodiment, the thickness h of the first glass layer 100 is g1 and the thickness h of the second glass layer 500 g2 Less than 2 mm; the thickness t of the second metal layer 400 1 Less than or equal to 0.035 mm; the distance t from the first metal layer 200 to the second metal layer 400 2 Less than or equal to 1mm;

[0040] The vertical length w of the inner diameter of the rectangular metal ring 210 is 1 The vertical length w is smaller than the outer diameter of the rectangular metal ring 2102 , the vertical length w of the outer diameter of the rectangular metal ring 210 2 The lateral length l of the inner diameter of the rectangular metal ring 210 is smaller than the free space wavelength λ; 1 The lateral length l is smaller than the outer diameter of the rectangular metal ring 210 2 The lateral length l of the outer diameter of the rectangular metal ring 210 is 2 Less than the distance d from the rectangular metal ring 210 to the next rectangular metal ring 210 1 The distance d from the rectangular metal ring 210 to the next rectangular metal ring 210 1 Less than 0.5 times the free space wavelength λ;

[0041] The width w of the transverse gap in the specialized cross-shaped gap 410 is 3 Less than the length w of the vertical gap in the specialized cross-shaped gap 410 4 , the length w of the vertical gap in the specialized cross-shaped gap 410 4 Less than the vertical length w of the entire specialized cross-shaped gap 5 The vertical length w of the specialized cross-shaped gap as a whole 5 Smaller than the free space wavelength λ;

[0042] The width l of the vertical gap in the specialized cross-shaped gap 410 is 3 is smaller than the length l of the transverse gap in the specialized cross-shaped gap 410 4 The length of the transverse gap in the specialized cross-shaped gap 410 is l 4 Smaller than the lateral length l of the entire specialized cross-shaped gap 5 The lateral length of the specialized cross-shaped gap as a whole is l 5 Less than the distance d from the rectangular metal ring 210 to the next rectangular metal ring 210 1 ;

[0043] The transmission line 620l 6 The width is less than the vertical length l of the I-shaped sawtooth 610 7 The vertical length l of the I-shaped sawtooth 610 is 7 The vertical width w of the I-shaped sawtooth 610 is smaller than the free space wavelength λ; 6 Less than the horizontal length w of the I-shaped sawtooth 610 7 The horizontal length w of the I-shaped sawtooth 610 is 7 Less than the distance d from the I-shaped sawtooth 610 to the next I-shaped sawtooth 610 2 , the distance d from the I-shaped sawtooth 610 to the next I-shaped sawtooth 610 2 Less than 0.4 times the free space wavelength λ.

[0044] Specifically, in a fixed-frequency scanning leaky wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, the glass material of the first glass layer 100 is consistent with the glass material of the second glass layer 500, and the liquid crystal layer 300 is a microwave liquid crystal; the metal materials of the first metal layer 200, the second metal layer 400 and the third metal layer 600 are the same; the first metal layer 200 is the lower copper-clad layer of the first glass layer 100; the second metal layer 400 is the upper copper-clad layer of the second glass layer 500, and the third metal layer 600 is the lower copper-clad layer of the second glass layer 500;

[0045] The relative dielectric constant of the first glass layer 100 and the second glass layer 500 is 4.7, and the loss tangent is 0.0048; the thickness h of the first glass layer 100 is g1 and the thickness h of the second glass layer 500 g2 are 0.5 mm; the thickness of the second metal layer 400 is t 1 The dielectric constant component ε of the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 300 is 3 um; \\ is 3.22; the dielectric constant component ε perpendicular to the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules ┴ is 2.24; the distance t from the first metal layer 200 to the second metal layer 400 2 The vertical length w of the inner diameter of the rectangular metal ring 210 is 0.25 mm; 1 The vertical length w of the outer diameter of the rectangular metal ring 210 is 0.6 mm; 2 The lateral length l of the inner diameter of the rectangular metal ring 210 is 1mm; 1 The lateral length l of the outer diameter of the rectangular metal ring 210 is 0.5mm; 2 The distance d from the rectangular metal ring 210 to the next rectangular metal ring 210 is 0.9 mm; 1 is 1.5 mm; the number N of the rectangular metal rings 210 is 21; the width w of the transverse gap in the specialized cross-shaped gap 410 is 3 The length w of the vertical gap in the specialized cross-shaped gap 410 is 0.3 mm; 4 The vertical length w of the specialized cross-shaped gap as a whole is 1 mm; 5 The width of the vertical gap in the specialized cross-shaped gap 410 is l 3 The length of the transverse gap in the specialized cross-shaped gap 410 is l 4 The lateral length of the specialized cross-shaped gap as a whole is l 5 is 1.3 mm; the width l of the transmission line 620 6 The vertical length of the I-shaped sawtooth 610 is l7 The vertical width w of the I-shaped sawtooth 610 is 1.4 mm; 6 The horizontal length w of the I-shaped sawtooth 610 is 0.6 mm; 7 is 0.8 mm, and the distance d from the I-shaped sawtooth 610 to the next I-shaped sawtooth 610 is 2 is 1 mm; the number M of the I-shaped saw teeth 610 is 45. Figure 6 The beam scanning diagram of the fixed frequency scanning leaky wave antenna under this size is shown, referring to Figure 6 It can be seen that by controlling the potential difference between each upper electrode and the lower electrode, the rotation of the liquid crystal molecules is controlled to achieve the goal of controlling the beam to scan from -60° to 54° under a fixed frequency condition. The leaky wave antenna structure provided by the present invention has the characteristics of high tuning rate and large scanning angle.

[0046] The technical principle of the present invention is described above in conjunction with specific embodiments. These descriptions are only for explaining the principle of the present invention and cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention in any way. Based on the explanations herein, those skilled in the art can associate other specific implementations of the present invention without paying creative labor, and these methods will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Fixed frequency scanning leaky wave antenna based on LCD panel technology, Features: It includes a first glass layer, a first metal layer, a liquid crystal layer, a second metal layer, a second glass layer and a third metal layer arranged in sequence from top to bottom; The first metal layer is composed of a plurality of rectangular metal rings arranged at equal intervals along the Y-axis direction, and the structural dimensions of the plurality of rectangular metal rings are consistent; The second metal layer is provided with the same number of specialized cross-shaped gaps as the rectangular metal rings, the structural dimensions of the specialized cross-shaped gaps are consistent, the specialized cross-shaped gaps are arranged at equal intervals along the Y-axis direction, and the center of each specialized cross-shaped gap is arranged one by one in a vertical correspondence with the center of each rectangular metal ring; the specialized cross-shaped gap is a cross-shaped gap with two protrusion structures at each end; The third metal layer is a transmission line with a plurality of I-shaped sawtooths arranged at equal intervals along the Y-axis direction, and the structural dimensions of the plurality of I-shaped sawtooths are consistent; in the Y-axis direction, the distance from a rectangular metal ring to the next rectangular metal ring in the first metal layer is greater than the distance from an I-shaped sawtooth to the next I-shaped sawtooth in the third metal layer, and the number of I-shaped sawtooths is greater than the number of rectangular metal rings, so that the range of the I-shaped sawtooth in the third metal layer is not less than the range of the rectangular metal ring in the first metal layer and the range of the specialized cross-shaped gap in the second metal.

2. The fixed-frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna based on liquid crystal panel technology according to claim 1, Features: The thickness of the first glass layer and the thickness of the second glass layer are less than 2 mm; the thickness of the second metal layer is less than or equal to 0.035 mm; and the distance from the first metal layer to the second metal layer is less than or equal to 1 mm.

3. The fixed-frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna based on liquid crystal panel technology according to claim 1, Features: The vertical length of the inner diameter of the rectangular metal ring is smaller than the vertical length of the outer diameter of the rectangular metal ring, and the vertical length of the outer diameter of the rectangular metal ring is smaller than the free space wavelength; The lateral length of the inner diameter of the rectangular metal ring is smaller than the lateral length of the outer diameter of the rectangular metal ring; the lateral length of the outer diameter of the rectangular metal ring is smaller than the distance from the rectangular metal ring to the next rectangular metal ring; the distance from the rectangular metal ring to the next rectangular metal ring is smaller than 0.5 times the free space wavelength.

4. The fixed-frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna based on liquid crystal panel technology according to claim 1, Features: The width of the transverse slit in the specialized cross-shaped slit is smaller than the length of the vertical slit in the specialized cross-shaped slit, and the length of the vertical slit in the specialized cross-shaped slit is smaller than the vertical length of the entire specialized cross-shaped slit; The vertical length of the specialized cross-shaped slot as a whole is less than the free space wavelength λ; The width of the vertical gap in the specialized cross-shaped gap is smaller than the length of the horizontal gap in the specialized cross-shaped gap; the length of the horizontal gap in the specialized cross-shaped gap is smaller than the horizontal length of the specialized cross-shaped gap as a whole; the horizontal length of the specialized cross-shaped gap as a whole is smaller than the distance from a rectangular metal ring to the next rectangular metal ring.

5. The fixed-frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna based on liquid crystal panel technology according to claim 1, Features: The width of the transmission line is smaller than the length of the vertical side of the I-shaped sawtooth, and the vertical length of the I-shaped sawtooth is smaller than the free space wavelength; The vertical width of the I-shaped sawtooth is smaller than the horizontal length of the I-shaped sawtooth, the horizontal length of the I-shaped sawtooth is smaller than the distance from the I-shaped sawtooth to the next I-shaped sawtooth, and the distance from the I-shaped sawtooth to the next I-shaped sawtooth is smaller than 0.4 times the free space wavelength.

6. The fixed-frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna based on liquid crystal panel technology according to claim 1, Features: The thickness of the first glass layer and the thickness of the second glass layer are both 0.5 mm; The thickness of the second metal layer is 3um; The distance from the first metal layer to the second metal layer is 0.25 mm; The vertical length of the inner diameter of the rectangular metal ring is 0.6 mm; the vertical length of the outer diameter of the rectangular metal ring is 1 mm; the lateral length of the inner diameter of the rectangular metal ring is 0.5 mm; the lateral length of the outer diameter of the rectangular metal ring is 0.9 mm; the distance from the rectangular metal ring to the next rectangular metal ring is 1.5 mm; the number of rectangular metal rings is 21; The width of the transverse gap in the specialized cross-shaped gap is 0.3mm; the length of the vertical gap in the specialized cross-shaped gap is 1mm; the vertical length of the specialized cross-shaped gap as a whole is 1.2mm; the width of the vertical gap in the specialized cross-shaped gap is 0.3mm; the length of the transverse gap in the specialized cross-shaped gap is 0.9mm; the transverse length of the specialized cross-shaped gap as a whole is 1.3mm; The width of the transmission line is 0.4mm; the length of the vertical side of the I-shaped sawtooth is 1.4mm; the width of the vertical side of the I-shaped sawtooth is 0.6mm; the length of the horizontal side of the I-shaped sawtooth is 0.8mm, and the distance from one I-shaped sawtooth to the next I-shaped sawtooth is 1mm; the number of I-shaped sawtooths is 45.

7. The fixed-frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna based on liquid crystal panel technology according to claim 1, Features: The glass material of the first glass layer is consistent with the glass material of the second glass layer. The relative dielectric constant of the first glass layer and the second glass layer is 4.7, and the loss tangent is 0.0048.

8. The fixed-frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna based on liquid crystal panel technology according to claim 1, Features: The liquid crystal layer is microwave liquid crystal, and the dielectric constant component in the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is 3.22; the dielectric constant component perpendicular to the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules is 2.

24.

9. The fixed-frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna based on liquid crystal panel technology according to claim 1, Features: The first metal layer, the second metal layer and the third metal layer are made of the same metal material.

10. The fixed-frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna based on liquid crystal panel technology according to claim 1, Features: The first metal layer is a lower copper-clad layer of the first glass layer; the second metal layer is an upper copper-clad layer of the second glass layer; and the third metal layer is a lower copper-clad layer of the second glass layer.

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