A method for high-density cultivation of Macrobrachium nipponense without aquatic plants

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for high-density cultivation of freshwater shrimp without aquatic plants, which includes four steps: preparing materials, treating the materials, building a cultivation pond, and stocking and managing the freshwater shrimp. By arranging shaping blocks and mesh bags with calcification and loaded biofilms in the cultivation pond, the shaping blocks and mesh bags can provide an environment for the growth, molting and hiding of the freshwater shrimp. The algal biofilm can not only be fed on by the freshwater shrimp, but also purify the water quality. After 3 months of cultivation, the average individual weight of the freshwater shrimp reaches about 3.0 grams, the survival rate can reach over 90%, and the shrimp yield per square meter can reach 810 grams, significantly improving the yield of the freshwater shrimp. By setting the cultivation pond into a structure containing a platform and a nest bottom, the shaping blocks can be stacked on the platform. During normal cultivation, the freshwater shrimp live near the shaping blocks. When fishing for the freshwater shrimp, the freshwater shrimp will gradually move towards the nest bottom as the water level drops, which can reduce the death and retention of the freshwater shrimp and contribute to improving the yield of the freshwater shrimp.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of Macrobrachium nipponense farming, and particularly relates to a method for high-density weed-free farming of Macrobrachium nipponense. Background Art

[0002] Macrobrachium nipponense is a high-quality aquatic product with very rich nutrition. It has a delicious taste, is simple to cook, convenient to eat, and is suitable for people of all ages. Due to the low yield of Macrobrachium nipponense, its price in the market is very high and it has been in short supply all year round. The farming of Macrobrachium nipponense adopts the method of farming with aquatic plants, and there is a folk saying that "to raise a good pond of shrimps, first plant a good pond of aquatic plants". The so-called aquatic plants are submerged plants such as Elodea nuttallii and Vallisneria natans. There is a scientific basis for farming shrimps with aquatic plants. Aquatic plants can purify water quality and provide a clean water body for Macrobrachium nipponense. Aquatic plants can also provide space and places for the growth, feeding, molting and avoiding enemies of Macrobrachium nipponense. Macrobrachium nipponense is different from freshwater farming varieties of shrimps such as lobsters, penaeid shrimps and Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquatic plants must be planted in its growth environment, so it is also called "grass shrimp". The biomass and coverage area of aquatic plants in the shrimp pond per unit area need to maintain a better moderate level. If the aquatic plants are too few, the purpose of purifying water quality cannot be achieved, and the available habitats for Macrobrachium nipponense are also few. If living on the bottom mud for a long time, the body will turn black, the growth will be slow, and the survival rate will decrease. If the aquatic plants are too dense, it is inconvenient for Macrobrachium nipponense to swim, the effect of artificial oxygenation is poor or artificial oxygenation cannot be carried out. Especially in rainy seasons or at night, serious oxygen deficiency will occur, and a large number of Macrobrachium nipponense will die for unknown reasons. In summer and autumn, the growth of aquatic plants is very fast. During the farming process, the density needs to be regularly thinned. During the thinning process, some Macrobrachium nipponense will hide in the aquatic plants. Some Macrobrachium nipponense will be taken out during the thinning, and at the same time, the death of molting shrimps will also be caused. Thus, it can be seen that in addition to increasing manpower and material resources, farming with aquatic plants will also reduce the farming survival rate and yield. In addition, aquatic plants are prone to death and water quality deterioration in high-temperature seasons, which all bring management burdens to shrimp farming with aquatic plants. At present, due to the limitation of this "shrimp farming with aquatic plants" mode, the yield per unit area of Macrobrachium nipponense farming has almost reached the limit, and it is very difficult to have room for improvement. Most of the work is to maintain the balance of aquatic plants in the pond. The farming yield of Macrobrachium nipponense is in a stagnant state. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the current problems of low mu yield in Macrobrachium nipponense farming and the disadvantage of relying on pond aquatic plants for farming, the present invention provides a method for high-density weed-free farming of Macrobrachium nipponense. By constructing an artificial space domain in the pond, a suitable farming environment and growth space are provided for Macrobrachium nipponense, so as to achieve the purpose of not needing to plant aquatic plants and significantly increasing the yield.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for high-density weed-free farming of Macrobrachium nipponense, including the following steps:

[0005] (1) Prepare materials: Select fresh submerged materials and make them into shaped blocks;

[0006] (2) Material treatment: Calcify the shaped blocks in step (1) and place them in water to cultivate biofilms;

[0007] (3) Construction of the culture pond: Mix the shaped blocks after calcification treatment and biofilm cultivation in step (2), put them into a net bag, and place the net bag containing the shaped blocks in the culture pond so that the pool water submerges the net bag;

[0008] (4) Stocking and management of Macrobrachium nipponense: Stock Macrobrachium nipponense fry into the culture pond in step (3), and the stocking density is 200 - 300 per m 2 , and after stocking, normally feed shrimp pellets, and scatter the shrimp pellets on top of the net bag.

[0009] In an embodiment of the present invention, in step (3), the culture pond includes a pond edge and a pond bottom. The pond bottom includes a platform and a nest bottom. The platform is arranged around the nest bottom, and the platform slopes towards the nest bottom with an inclination of 5°. A water outlet pipe is connected to the bottom of the nest bottom, and an anti - escape net sheet is arranged above the water outlet pipe. A greenhouse frame can be installed on the culture pond for functions such as temperature control and sunshading.

[0010] In an embodiment of the present invention, the area of the culture pond is 30 - 300 m 2 , the depth of the platform is 1 - 1.5 m, and the area of the nest bottom is 1 / 4 - 1 / 6 of the total area of the platform.

[0011] In an embodiment of the present invention, the submersed material is non - greasy wood or bamboo material.

[0012] In an embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the shaped blocks includes at least two of strip blocks, arc strips, and cylinders. The length of the strip block is 30 - 40 cm, the width is 5 - 7 cm, the arc strip is semi - circular, the arc strip length is 30 - 40 cm, the width is 5 - 7 cm, the inner diameter of the cylinder is 5 - 7 cm, and the length is 15 - 20 cm.

[0013] In an embodiment of the present invention, in step (2), the calcification process is as follows: Put the shaped blocks into a water pool, add quicklime, and add clear water to submerge the shaped blocks to make them mature and calcify. After the water temperature cools down, wash the shaped blocks and soak them in clear water for 1 - 3 days. The calcification treatment is to put the shaped materials into a water pool, add Quicklime , and then add clear water to submerge the materials to make them mature and calcify. After the water temperature cools down, gently wash off the attached debris on the surface of the materials, then dry them in the shade with a fan. After drying, rinse them again and then soak them in clear water for 1 - 3 days, and then they can be put into another pool for biofilm cultivation. Calcifying the shaped blocks can provide calcium elements for the growth of Macrobrachium nipponense on the one hand. On the other hand, the calcified shaped blocks have a long service life, are not easy to rot, and can be reused.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step (2), the process of culturing the biofilm is as follows: the shaped block after calcification treatment is placed in the culture pond, water is added to submerge the shaped block, and aeration is carried out to increase the oxygen content. The water temperature is controlled at 25-28°C, and the culture time is 5-10 days. The process of culturing the biofilm is the process of growing algal biofilm on the surface of the shaped block. The algal biofilm can not only meet the feeding needs of the green shrimp, but on the other hand, it can purify the water quality and provide a clean environment for the growth of the green shrimp.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step (3), the net bag containing the shaped block is placed on the platform in the culture pond, and multiple net bags are stacked together with a stacking thickness of 40-60 cm, and the pool water submerges the net bag by 20 cm. The net bag and the shaped block can provide a growth and predator-evading environment for the green shrimp. The green shrimp mainly grow near the net bag and the shaped block. When catching the finished green shrimp, the pool water in the culture pond is slowly drained to make the water level line below the platform surface, and the green shrimp will retreat into the bottom of the nest, and then the net is pulled to catch.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, after the finished green shrimp are caught, water is injected into the culture pond, and the culture pond and the shaped block are disinfected. After disinfection, water is re-injected and oxygen is increased. After a layer of biofilm appears on the shaped block, shrimp fry can be stocked again for cultivation.

[0017] Advantages of the present invention:

[0018] (1) When culturing green shrimp by using the method of the present invention, there is no need to plant aquatic plants, the yield per unit area is high, and it is easy to manage. There are few diseases, the survival rate is high, the conditions are controllable, and off-season green shrimp cultivation can be carried out.

[0019] (2) By setting the shaped block and the net bag with calcification and loaded biofilm in the culture pond, the shaped block and the net bag can provide a growth, molting and predator-evading environment for the green shrimp. The algal biofilm can not only be fed by the green shrimp, but also purify the water quality. After 3 months of green shrimp cultivation, the average individual reaches about 3.0 grams, the survival rate can reach more than 90%, and the shrimp yield per square meter can reach 810 grams, significantly improving the yield of green shrimp.

[0020] (3) By calcifying the shaped block, the calcified shaped block can not only provide calcium elements for the growth and molting of the green shrimp, but also has a longer service life, and can be reused more than 10 times.

[0021] (4) By setting the culture pond into a structure with a platform and a bottom of the nest, the platform can stack the shaped blocks. During normal cultivation, the green shrimp live near the shaped blocks. When catching the green shrimp, the green shrimp will gradually move towards the bottom of the nest as the water surface drops, which can reduce the death and retention of the green shrimp and help improve the yield of the green shrimp. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the breeding pond of the present invention.

[0023] In the figure, 1 is an anti-escape net sheet; 2 is the bottom of the nest; 3 is the platform; 4 is the water inlet pipe; 5 is the water outlet pipe; 6 is the pond edge. Detailed Implementation Modes

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described. Apparently, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] Embodiment 1

[0026] A method for high-density grass-free breeding of green shrimps includes the following steps:

[0027] (1) Breeding pond transformation: The breeding pond is in the form of a cement pond, which includes a pond edge 6 and a pond bottom. The pond bottom of the cement pond is divided into a platform 3 on the four sides and a bottom of the nest 2 in the middle. The area of the bottom of the nest 2 is 1 / 4 of the total area of the platform 3. The area of the cement pond is 35 square meters, and the average depth of the platform 3 is 1.1 meters. The platform 3 slopes towards the bottom of the nest 2 with an inclination of 5 degrees, so that there is no sense of oppression caused by the inclination when standing on it. A water outlet pipe 5 is provided at the bottom of the bottom of the nest 2, and an anti-escape net sheet 1 is provided on the water outlet pipe 5. A greenhouse frame is arranged on the breeding pond for temperature control and sunshade.

[0028] (2) Preparation of materials: Select fresh grease-free wood;

[0029] (3) Material treatment: The grease-free wood is made into thin strips, arc-shaped strips and cylindrical shapes, that is, into modeling blocks. The strips are 30 - 40 cm long and 5 cm wide. The arc-shaped strips are semi-circular in shape, similar in size to the strips. The inner diameter of the cylinder is 5 - 7 cm and the length is 15 - 20 cm. The modeling blocks are subjected to calcification treatment and biofilm cultivation. For the calcification treatment, the modeling blocks are air-dried and then placed in a pool and compacted to prevent floating after adding water. Quicklime is added, and then clear water is added to submerge the material, allowing it to mature and calcify. After the water temperature cools down, the sundries attached to the surface of the modeling block material are gently washed away, and then it is placed in a shaded place and dried with a fan. After drying, it is rinsed again and then immersed in clear water for 1 - 3 days. At this time, the modeling block is completely calcified and in a stable state, that is, it does not affect the change of the water body pH value. The modeling block is taken out and placed in a cultivation pool for biofilm cultivation. The biofilm cultivation water is natural river water or lake water, and the water body is sterilized before filling. Water is added to submerge the material, and at the same time, multiple air injection heads are used to aerate and increase the oxygen content of the material. The water temperature is maintained within the range of 25 - 28 degrees. After one week, an algal biofilm grows on the material.

[0030] (4) Construction of the cultivation pond: Select two of the modeling blocks, mix them and put them into a mesh bag with a mesh size of 5 cm, filling only 1 / 3 of the volume of the mesh bag. The mesh bags filled with modeling blocks are stacked on the platform surface without leaving any gaps, and the stacking thickness is 40 - 60 cm. After stacking, water is added to submerge the material bag by 20 cm, and the water level is gradually increased as the shrimp grow.

[0031] (5) Stocking and management of the freshwater prawns: 200 prawn fry are stocked per square meter. After stocking, normal feeding is carried out, and the shrimp feed pellets are scattered on the mesh bag and the modeling blocks. Keep the water quality fresh and change the water regularly. When harvesting, drain the water slowly so that the water level line is below the platform surface. The freshwater prawns will retreat to the bottom of the nest, and then the net is pulled to catch them.

[0032] After 4 months of cultivation, the average individual weight reaches more than 3.5 grams, the survival rate is 90%, and the shrimp yield per square meter is 630 grams.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] A method for high-density cultivation of freshwater prawns without aquatic plants, comprising the following steps:

[0035] (1) Reconstruction of the cultivation pond: The cultivation pond is in the form of a cement pond. The cement pond includes the pond edge 6 and the pond bottom. The pond bottom of the cement pond is divided into the platform 3 on the four sides and the nest bottom 2 in the middle. The area of the nest bottom 2 is 1 / 5 of the total area of the platform 3. The area of the cement pond is 300 square meters, and the average depth of the platform 3 is 1.5 meters. The platform 3 slopes towards the nest bottom 2 with an inclination of 6 degrees, so that there is no sense of oppression caused by the inclination when standing on it. A water outlet pipe 5 is provided at the bottom of the nest bottom 2, and an anti-escape net sheet 1 is provided on the water outlet pipe 5. A greenhouse frame is provided on the cultivation pond for temperature control and sunshade.

[0036] (2) Preparation of materials: Select fresh grease-free wood;

[0037] (3) Material treatment: Make the grease-free wood into thin strips, arc-shaped strips and cylindrical shapes, that is, make shaping blocks. The strips are 30 - 40 cm long and 5 cm wide. The arc-shaped strips are semi-circular in shape, similar in size to the strips. The inner diameter of the cylinder is 5 - 7 cm and the length is 15 - 20 cm. Carry out calcification treatment and biofilm cultivation on the shaping blocks. The calcification treatment is to air-dry the shaping blocks and then put them into the pool and compact them to prevent floating after adding water. Add quicklime, and then add clear water to submerge the materials, making them mature and calcified. After the water temperature cools down, gently wash away the impurities attached to the surface of the shaping block materials, then place them in a cool place and dry them with a fan. After drying, rinse again and then soak them in clear water for 1 - 3 days. At this time, the shaping blocks are completely calcified and in a stable state, that is, they do not affect the change of water body pH value. Take out the shaping blocks and put them into the culture pool for biofilm cultivation. The biofilm cultivation water is natural river water or lake water, and the water body is sterilized before filling. Add water to submerge the materials, and at the same time, multiple air heads aerate and oxygenate the materials. The water temperature is kept within the range of 25 - 28 degrees. After one week, a layer of algal biofilm grows on the materials.

[0038] (4) Construction of the breeding pond: Select two of the shaping blocks, mix them and put them into a net bag with a mesh size of 5 cm, filling only 1 / 3 of the volume of the net bag. Stack the net bags containing the shaping blocks on the platform surface without leaving any gaps, and the stacking thickness is 40 - 60 cm. After stacking, add water to submerge the material bags by 20 cm, and gradually increase the water level as the shrimp grow.

[0039] (5) Stocking and management of the green shrimp: Stock 200 shrimp fry per square meter. After stocking, feed normally, and scatter the shrimp feed pellets on the net bags and shaping blocks. Keep the water quality fresh and change the water regularly. When harvesting, drain the water slowly so that the water level line is below the platform surface. The green shrimp will retreat to the bottom of the nest, and then pull the net to catch them.

[0040] After 3 months of cultivation, the average individual reaches 3.0 grams, the survival rate is 90%, and the shrimp yield per square meter is 810 grams. Compared with the cultivation method of growing grass in the pond (when growing green shrimp in the pond with grass, the shrimp yield per square meter is 225 grams), the shrimp yield per square meter is more than 500 grams higher.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] After fishing the green shrimp in the way of Example 1, inject water into the breeding pond, and disinfect the breeding pond and the shaping blocks. After disinfection, re-inject water and oxygenate. After a new biofilm grows on the shaping blocks, stock the shrimp fry again, and cultivate the green shrimp in the way of Example 1.

[0043] After 3.5 months of cultivation, the average individual reaches 3.16 grams, the survival rate is 90.5%, and the shrimp yield per square meter is 810 grams.

Claims

1. A method for high-density cultivation of Macrobrachium nipponense without aquatic plants, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Prepare materials: Select fresh submerged materials and make them into shaped blocks. The submerged materials are grease-free wood or bamboo materials; (2) Material treatment: Calcify the shaped blocks in step (1), and place them in water to cultivate a biofilm, providing a clean water body and space and places for the freshwater prawns to grow, feed, molt, and avoid enemies; The process of calcification treatment is as follows: Place the shaped blocks in a pool, add quicklime, and add clear water to submerge the shaped blocks to make them mature and calcify. After the water temperature cools down, wash the shaped blocks and soak them in clear water for 1 - 3 days; The process of cultivating the biofilm is as follows: Place the calcified shaped blocks in a cultivation pool, add water to submerge the shaped blocks, and aerate and oxygenate them. The water temperature is controlled at 25 - 28 °C, and the cultivation time is 5 - 10 days; (3) Build a cultivation pond: Mix the shaped blocks that have been calcified and cultivated with a biofilm in step (2), put them into a net bag, and place the net bag containing the shaped blocks in the cultivation pond so that the pool water submerges the net bag; The cultivation pond includes a pool edge and a pool bottom. The pool bottom includes a platform and a nest bottom. The platform is arranged around the nest bottom, and the platform slopes towards the nest bottom with an inclination of 5°. A drain pipe is connected to the bottom of the nest bottom, and an anti-escape net is arranged above the drain pipe; (4)Stocking and management of freshwater prawns: Stock freshwater prawn fry into the culture pond in step (3) at a stocking density of 200 - 300 per m 2 , and normally feed prawn pellets after stocking. The prawn pellets are scattered on the net pocket.

2. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein The area of the breeding pond is 30 to 300 m 2 , the depth of the platform is 1 to 1.5 m, and the area of the bottom of the nest is 1 / 4 to 1 / 6 of the total area of the platform.

3. The breeding method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The shapes of the shaped blocks include at least two of strip blocks, arc strips, and cylinders. The length of the strip block is 30 - 40 cm, the width is 5 - 7 cm. The arc strip is semi-circular, with a length of 30 - 40 cm and a width of 5 - 7 cm. The inner diameter of the cylinder is 5 - 7 cm, and the length is 15 - 20 cm.

4. The breeding method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that In step (3), place the net bag containing the shaped blocks on the platform in the cultivation pond, and stack multiple net bags together with a stacking thickness of 40 - 60 cm, and the pool water submerges the net bag by 20 cm.

5. The breeding method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that In step (4), the cultivation time of the freshwater prawns is 2 - 5 months. When harvesting the finished freshwater prawns, first slowly drain the pool water in the cultivation pond so that the water level line is below the platform surface. The freshwater prawns will retreat into the nest bottom, and then pull the net to catch them.

6. The breeding method according to claim 5, characterized in that, After the finished freshwater prawns are caught, inject water into the cultivation pond, disinfect the cultivation pond and the shaped blocks. After disinfection, re-inject water and oxygenate. After a biofilm appears on the shaped blocks, release the shrimp fry again for secondary cultivation.

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