High-end caliper stainless steel surface composite strengthening system and process

Abstract

The application discloses a high-end caliper stainless steel surface composite strengthening system and process, which comprises a quenching device, a tempering device, a rolling device, a high-current pulse electron beam irradiation device and an ultrasonic cleaning device. The process specifically comprises the following steps: S1, quenching treatment; S2, tempering treatment; S3, rolling treatment; S4, high-current pulse electron beam irradiation treatment; and S5, cleaning treatment. The system can perform three-blade rolling treatment on the heat-treated caliper through the rolling device, can homogenize the surface layer structure of the caliper while improving the machining efficiency, can reduce the surface roughness of the caliper, can effectively realize the overall straightening of the caliper, and can reduce the quenching deformation. After the surface modification of the caliper through the high-current pulse electron beam irradiation device, the caliper can form a surface layer with uniform composition and nanometer-sized grain refinement, can not have obvious interface between the caliper matrix and the nanometer structure surface layer, and can not easily fall off, so that the service life of the caliper is greatly prolonged.

Description

A high-end caliper stainless steel surface composite reinforcement system and process Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of composite strengthening technology for metal material surfaces, and particularly to a high-end caliper stainless steel surface composite strengthening system and process. Background Technology

[0002] Measuring tools are the eyes of industrial production, and calipers are one of the most important representatives of length measuring tools, widely used in industrial production and scientific research. The commonly used raw material for calipers is 40Cr13 stainless steel. During service, because the jaws directly contact the workpiece, their surfaces are prone to wear and corrosion. To improve the wear and corrosion resistance of caliper jaws, some research has focused on changing the jaw processing technology, namely induction hardening followed by low-temperature tempering heat treatment. Induction hardening equipment offers high productivity, easy control of the hardened layer depth, and ease of mechanization and automation. However, the limit for surface modification grain refinement is at the micrometer scale, and the wear and corrosion resistance are relatively poor. In practical applications, it has not been able to effectively solve the problem of jaw failure. Another approach focuses on changing the composition of the jaw surface material, using physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition to coat the jaw surface with a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant material. However, in practical applications, it has been found that the coating is prone to peeling, which inevitably leads to measurement errors, reduces the caliper's measurement accuracy, affects its service life, and unavoidably causes environmental pollution.

[0003] Current technology, after induction hardening and low-temperature tempering heat treatment of calipers, primarily employs grinding to reduce surface roughness and improve dimensional and geometric accuracy to ensure surface finish. However, grinding generates heat and residual tensile stress on the surface, and requires manual adjustment of the finished dimensions to maintain accuracy. Furthermore, grinding can only process one working surface at a time, resulting in low processing efficiency. Roller burnishing, a commonly used processing method, can replace grinding and offers advantages not found in grinding. Roller burnishing is a chip-free process with no heat generation. Besides improving surface finish, unlike grinding, roller burnishing generates residual compressive stress and cold hardness on the processed surface, which can offset some tensile stress and improve fatigue strength. Roller burnishing of calipers takes less than 2 minutes, with the finished dimensions being the same as the formed dimensions. It also allows for simultaneous roller burnishing of multiple surfaces, increasing efficiency several times compared to grinding.

[0004] In 1998, Academician Lu Ke and his collaborators first proposed the concept of "nano-scale metal materials" internationally. This involves surface treatment of metals to refine their surface structure and grain size to the nanoscale, utilizing the superior properties of the nanostructured surface layer to improve the overall performance of the material. Surface nano-scale treatment can eliminate problems such as surface peeling and interfacial bonding. It is low-cost and simple to process, and has become a research focus in many countries around the world. High-current pulsed electron beam surface modification, as a novel and efficient processing technology, uses high-speed electrons to irradiate the steel surface, generating intense thermal coupling. Defects such as inclusions, micro-undulations, and compositional segregation attached or buried on the material surface are removed through selective ejection (polishing, selective purification). Rapid energy deposition triggers a rapid heating and cooling process in the surface material, achieving nano-scale grain formation of the stainless steel surface, i.e., forming a surface modification layer with uniform composition and grains refined to the nanoscale. Therefore, by utilizing a nanostructured surface layer with excellent properties to improve the overall performance (wear resistance and corrosion resistance) of stainless steel, the service life of calipers can be increased. In view of this, a high-end caliper stainless steel surface composite strengthening system and process are proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-end caliper stainless steel surface composite strengthening system and process to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the solution of the present invention is: a high-end caliper stainless steel surface composite strengthening system, comprising:

[0007] The quenching device is used to perform high-frequency induction quenching on the untreated caliper body and local induction quenching on the untreated caliper jaws.

[0008] The tempering device is used to perform low-temperature tempering on the quenched caliper body and caliper jaws.

[0009] A rolling device is used to perform three-blade rolling on the tempered caliper body and caliper jaws to straighten quenching deformation. The rolling device includes a base, a hydraulic mechanism, a rolling mechanism, a drive mechanism, and a transmission mechanism. A fixing plate is provided on one side of the base for fixing the rolling mechanism, drive mechanism, and transmission mechanism. The rolling mechanism is connected to the drive mechanism through the transmission mechanism. The rolling mechanism includes a side rolling component, an upper rolling component, and a lower rolling component. The upper and lower rolling components are arranged oppositely in an upper and lower structure, and their rolling directions are opposite. The side rolling component is located at one end of the upper and lower rolling components, and the rotation center point of the side rolling component is located at the central axis of the gap between the upper and lower rolling components. The hydraulic mechanism is set on the base at the end of the side rolling component away from the upper and lower rolling components, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic mechanism is also fixed with a support component for supporting the side rolling component.

[0010] High-current pulsed electron beam irradiation device is used to irradiate the rolled caliper jaws with high-current pulsed electron beam.

[0011] And an ultrasonic cleaning device, used for ultrasonic cleaning of caliper body and caliper jaws after quenching and tempering, as well as caliper jaws after irradiation.

[0012] Furthermore, the quenching device includes a quenching transformer, a quenching inductor, and a quenching pool; the quenching inductor is connected to one side of the quenching transformer and is used to perform high-frequency heating on the caliper body and caliper jaws; the quenching pool is located directly below the quenching inductor and contains quenching liquid for oil quenching and cooling of the caliper body and caliper jaws after high-frequency heating.

[0013] Furthermore, the tempering device includes a mesh belt furnace, and the mesh belt furnace is equipped with a temperature controller to control the tempering temperature.

[0014] Further, the fixing plate includes a first fixing plate, a second fixing plate, and a third fixing plate; the top of the base is provided with a first slide rail groove, a second slide rail groove, and a third slide rail groove in sequence; the first fixing plate is slidably connected in the third slide rail groove; the second fixing plate is fixed to the top of the base on the side of the first slide rail groove away from the second slide rail groove; the third fixing plate is fixed to the top of the base between the second and third slide rail grooves; the upper rolling member and the lower rolling member are rotatably disposed between the second and third fixing plates; the hydraulic mechanism is movably connected between the first and second slide rail grooves; and the side rolling member is located between the hydraulic mechanism and the second and third fixing plates.

[0015] Furthermore, the upper rolling element of the rolling mechanism includes an upper driven roller and an upper driving roller arranged side by side; the lower rolling element of the rolling mechanism includes a lower driven roller and a lower driving roller arranged side by side; and the side rolling element of the rolling mechanism is a rolling wheel.

[0016] Furthermore, the hydraulic mechanism includes a support frame and a hydraulic cylinder. The support frame is slidably connected between the first slide rail groove and the second slide rail groove, and the hydraulic cylinder is fixed in the center of the support frame. The support component includes a base, a bearing, and a bearing cover. Bearings are fitted at both ends of the rolling wheel. The rolling wheel is rotatably mounted in the base through the bearings. The bearing cover is fixed above the bearing and connected to the base. The base is fixed at the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0017] Furthermore, the drive mechanism includes a first servo motor, a second servo motor, and a third servo motor; the first servo motor is fixed to a first fixed plate, and the second and third servo motors are fixed to a second fixed plate.

[0018] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism includes a small shaft gear, a large shaft gear, a sprocket, and a chain; the small shaft gear is mounted on the outer side of the base facing the first servo motor and on one end of the driving roller and the lower driving roller on the side of the second fixed plate; the large shaft gear is mounted on the output shafts of the first servo motor, the second servo motor, and the third servo motor; the large shaft gear of the first servo motor meshes with the small shaft gear of the rolling roller; the small shaft gear of the driving roller meshes with the large shaft gear of the third servo motor; the small shaft gear of the lower driving roller meshes with the large shaft gear of the second servo motor; the sprocket is mounted on one end of the upper driven roller, the upper driving roller, the lower driven roller, and the lower driving roller on the side of the third fixed plate; the chain is mounted between the upper driven roller and the upper driving roller, and between the lower driven roller and the lower driving roller.

[0019] Furthermore, the high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation device includes a working target, a working chamber, an electron beam source, a diagnostic system, a vacuum system, and a power control system. The working target is located at the bottom of the working chamber. The electron beam source is located at the top of the working chamber and is used to generate an electron beam to bombard the product on the working target. The diagnostic system, vacuum system, and power control system are all located on the outside of the working chamber. The diagnostic system can be used to measure the working vacuum, cathode accelerating voltage, electron beam current, and average energy density of the incident beam. The vacuum system includes a vacuum valve, a vacuum pump group, a vacuum chamber, and pipes for cooling water and exhaust gas. The power control system includes a pulsed high-voltage generator, a pulsed power supply, and a magnetic field triggering power supply.

[0020] A high-end caliper stainless steel surface composite strengthening process, employing the high-end caliper stainless steel surface composite strengthening system as described above, specifically includes the following steps:

[0021] S1. Quenching treatment: The untreated caliper body is subjected to high-frequency induction quenching and the untreated caliper jaws are subjected to local induction quenching using a quenching device. When the quenching device is working, its current frequency is set to 200-300kHz. After the caliper body or caliper jaws are heated to 1030℃, they are held at that temperature for 30s. Then, the caliper body or caliper jaws are cooled by oil quenching.

[0022] S2. Tempering treatment: The caliper body and caliper jaws are ultrasonically cleaned by an ultrasonic cleaning device after tempering. Then, the caliper body and caliper jaws are placed into a tempering device for low-temperature tempering treatment. The tempering temperature is 180℃ and the holding time is 4h. After the tempering is completed, the caliper body and caliper jaws are placed in the air to cool to room temperature.

[0023] S3. Rolling treatment: The tempered and cooled caliper body and caliper jaws are rolled using a rolling device. During the rolling treatment, the caliper body or caliper jaws are first pushed between the upper and lower rolling parts of the rolling mechanism. The forward rotation of the drive mechanism drives the transmission mechanism to rotate, so that the transmission mechanism drives the side rolling parts, upper rolling parts and lower rolling parts of the rolling mechanism to rotate synchronously. This allows the caliper body or caliper jaws to be rolled and transported to the side rolling parts by the upper and lower rolling parts with opposite rolling directions. This allows the caliper body or caliper jaws to undergo three-edge rolling processing on the upper end face, lower end face and front end face. After the rolling is completed, the drive mechanism is reversed to allow the caliper body or caliper jaws to retract from between the upper and lower rolling parts, completing the quenching deformation rolling straightening of the caliper body or caliper jaws.

[0024] S4. High-current pulsed electron beam irradiation treatment; the caliper jaws are placed in a high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation device for high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation, so that the caliper jaws are irradiated at 8×10 -3 In a vacuum environment of Pa, electron beams with energy densities ranging from 2 to 8 J / cm² are used. 2 An electron beam generated by an accelerating voltage of 20–30 kV continuously pulses the electron beam for 1–3 μs.

[0025] S5. Cleaning process: Turn off the power of the high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation device, cool for 10 to 20 minutes, remove the caliper jaws from the high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation device, and then clean the caliper jaws with an ultrasonic cleaning device.

[0026] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are:

[0027] (1) The present invention uses a rolling device to perform three-blade rolling treatment on the heat-treated calipers, which can improve processing efficiency, make the surface structure of the calipers uniform, reduce the surface roughness of the calipers, and straighten the deformation caused by heat treatment, effectively achieving the overall straightening of the calipers and reducing quenching deformation.

[0028] (2) The present invention uses a high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation device to irradiate impurities on the surface of the caliper and completes the irradiation process in a vacuum without any impurities. It can effectively remove defects such as inclusions, micro-undulations and component segregation attached or buried on the surface of the caliper material through selective jetting effect (i.e. polishing, selective purification), which effectively improves the corrosion resistance of the caliper.

[0029] (3) The present invention modifies the surface of the caliper by using a high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation device, so that the caliper can form a surface layer with uniform composition and grains refined to the nanoscale, effectively realizing the control of the grain size of the material, thereby further improving the surface hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the caliper jaws.

[0030] (4) After the surface of the caliper is modified, the modified surface has good compatibility with the substrate, which makes the caliper substrate and the nanostructure surface have no obvious interface and are not easy to fall off, thus greatly extending the service life of the caliper. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall process structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the rolling device of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 is a side view of the rolling device of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 is a front view schematic diagram of the rolling mechanism of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 is an enlarged structural diagram of the stainless steel surface of the caliper of the present invention after composite strengthening.

[0036] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0037] 1-1. Quenching transformer; 1-2. Quenching inductor; 1-3. Quenching tank; 1-4. Quenching fluid; 2-1. Temperature controller; 2-2. Mesh belt furnace; 3. Rolling device; 3-1. Base; 3-2. Support frame; 3-2-1. First support frame; 3-2-2. Second support frame; 3-2-3. Third support frame; 3-2-4. Fourth support frame; 3-3. Bolt; 3-4. Hydraulic cylinder; 3-5. Base; 3-6. Rolling wheel; 3-7. Shaft pinion; 3-8. Shaft gear; 3-9. First servo motor; 3-10. Sprocket; 3-11. Chain; 3-12. Lower driven roller; 3-13. Lower driving roller; 3-14. Upper driven roller; -15. Upper active roller; 3-16. Second servo motor; 3-17. Third servo motor; 3-18. Bolt; 3-19. Nut; 3-20. Bearing; 3-21. First fixing plate; 3-22. Second fixing plate; 3-23. Third fixing plate; 3-24-1. First slide rail groove; 3-24-2. Second slide rail groove; 3-24-3. Third slide rail groove; 3-25. Bearing cover; 3-26. Caliper body; 4-1. Working target; 4-2. Caliper jaws; 4-3. Electron beam; 4-4. Working chamber; 4-5. Electron beam source; 4-6. Diagnostic system; 4-7. Vacuum system; 4-8. Power control system; 5. Ultrasonic cleaning device. Detailed Implementation

[0038] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0039] Example 1:

[0040] As shown in Figures 1-5, a high-end caliper stainless steel surface composite strengthening system includes:

[0041] A quenching device is used to perform high-frequency induction quenching on the untreated caliper body 3-26 and local induction quenching on the untreated caliper jaws 4-2. In this embodiment, the quenching device includes a quenching transformer 1-1, a quenching inductor 1-2, and a quenching tank 1-3. The quenching inductor 1-2 is connected to one side of the quenching transformer 1-1 and is used to perform high-frequency heating on the caliper body 3-26 and the caliper jaws 4-2. The quenching tank 1-3 is located directly below the quenching inductor 1-2 and is used for quenching... The fire pool 1-3 contains quenching fluid for oil quenching and cooling the caliper body 3-26 and caliper jaws 4-2 after high-frequency heating. The base material of the high-end caliper is 40Cr13 stainless steel, meaning both the caliper body 3-26 and caliper jaws 4-2 are made of 40Cr13 stainless steel. The quenching inductor 1-2 is made by winding a hollow copper tube. The induction quenching of the quenching device is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. When the caliper body 3-26 or caliper jaws 4-2 are placed vertically on the hollow copper tube... After being wound into a quenching inductor 1-2, it can be rapidly heated to above the phase transformation temperature by the high-frequency alternating current (i.e., the high-density induced eddy current) generated by the quenching transformer 1-1. This heats the caliper body 3-26 or caliper jaws 4-2, and after holding at this temperature for a certain period, austenitizes it. Then, it is immediately immersed in quenching liquid for oil cooling, allowing the caliper body 3-26 or caliper jaws 4-2 to cool rapidly at a rate exceeding the critical cooling rate. This process is then applied to the surface of the caliper body 3-26 or caliper jaws 4-2. The induction-hardened 40Cr13 stainless steel exhibits a high degree of strength and hardness after air cooling to room temperature, compared to the un-induction-hardened high-end caliper substrate, due to the refinement and dissolution of carbides. In this embodiment, the substrate of the high-end caliper is 40Cr13 stainless steel, with the following chemical composition (wt.%): C: 0.36~0.45; Si: 0.60; Mn: 0.80; Cr: 12.00~14.00; Fe: balance.

[0042] A tempering device is used to perform low-temperature tempering on the quenched caliper body 3-26 and caliper jaws 4-2. In this embodiment, the tempering device includes a mesh belt furnace 2-2, which is equipped with a temperature controller 2-1 to control the tempering temperature. When the caliper body 3-26 or caliper jaws 4-2 are placed in the mesh belt furnace 2-2 for low-temperature tempering, a suitable tempering temperature is adopted and the temperature is held for a certain period of time. When they are taken out of the furnace and cooled to room temperature in the air, the induction quenching internal stress can be released, improving hardness, wear resistance, and toughness, and finally obtaining cryptocrystalline martensite and fine-grained carbides (improving corrosion resistance), i.e., tempered martensite. However, since dendrite segregation occurs when the caliper jaws 4-2 solidifies, the resulting microstructure is not uniform. Therefore, it is necessary to irradiate the caliper jaws 4-2 with a high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation device to achieve control over the grain size of the material.

[0043] Rolling device 3 is used to perform three-edge rolling on the tempered caliper body 3-26 and caliper jaws 4-2 to straighten quenching deformation. The rolling device 3 includes a base 3-1, a hydraulic mechanism, a rolling mechanism, a drive mechanism, and a transmission mechanism. A fixing plate is provided on one side of the base 3-1 for fixing the rolling mechanism, drive mechanism, and transmission mechanism. The rolling mechanism is connected to the drive mechanism through the transmission mechanism. The rolling mechanism includes a side rolling element, an upper rolling element, and a lower rolling element. The upper and lower rolling elements are arranged oppositely in an upper-lower configuration, with opposite rolling directions. The side rolling element is located at one end of the upper and lower rolling elements, and its rotation center is located in the gap between the upper and lower rolling elements. At the central axis; the hydraulic mechanism is set on the base 3-1 at the end of the side rolling part away from the upper and lower rolling parts, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic mechanism is also fixed with a support for supporting the side rolling part; wherein, the rolling mechanism of the rolling device 3 can apply appropriate pressure to the caliper body 3-26 and the caliper jaws 4-2 through the side rolling part, the upper rolling part and the lower rolling part, so that the workpiece produces a deformation opposite to the original deformation direction, thereby achieving the purpose of straightening. However, one rolling may result in out-of-tolerance phenomenon. Therefore, by using the upper rolling part and the lower rolling part for feeding and discharging, one rolling can be performed during feeding and one rolling can be performed during discharging. Through two rolling operations, full straightening can be achieved, thereby meeting the requirements of rolling, straightening and quenching deformation of high-end calipers.

[0044] A high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation device is used to irradiate the rolled caliper jaws 4-2 with a high-current pulsed electron beam. In this embodiment, the high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation device includes a working target 4-1, a working chamber 4-4, an electron beam source 4-5, a diagnostic system 4-6, a vacuum system 4-7, and a power control system 4-8. The working target 4-1 is located at the bottom of the working chamber 4-4. The electron beam source 4-5 is located at the top of the working chamber 4-4 and is used to generate an electron beam to bombard the product on the working target 4-1. The diagnostic system 4-6, vacuum system 4-7, and power control system 4-8 are all located on the outside of the working chamber 4-4. The diagnostic system 4-6 can be used to measure the working vacuum, cathode accelerating voltage, electron beam current, and average energy density of the incident beam. The vacuum system 4-7 includes... The system includes a vacuum valve, a vacuum pump unit, a vacuum chamber, and pipes for cooling water and exhaust gas. The power control system 4-8 includes a pulse high-voltage generator, a pulse power supply, and a magnetic field trigger power supply. In this embodiment, the high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation device is a HOPE-I type high-current pulsed electron beam device. The electron beam source 4-5 can generate a high-current pulsed electron beam, which can irradiate the calipers after they have been rolled and straightened. After being bombarded by an electron beam with high electron density, uniform beam energy, and strong electron penetration, the grains on the surface of the caliper jaws 4-2 are refined and metastable nanocrystals are formed. This can further improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of the caliper jaws 4-2. At the same time, it makes the interface between the caliper substrate and the nanostructure surface layer obvious and not easy to fall off, which greatly extends the service life of the calipers.

[0045] And an ultrasonic cleaning device 5, used to perform ultrasonic cleaning on the caliper body 3-26 and caliper jaws 4-2 after quenching and tempering, as well as on the caliper jaws 4-2 after irradiation; wherein, the ultrasonic cleaning device 5 can achieve comprehensive cleaning of the caliper body 3-26 and caliper jaws 4-2, reducing the residual impurities on the surface of the caliper body 3-26 and caliper jaws 4-2.

[0046] In one specific embodiment of this example, the fixing plate includes a first fixing plate 3-21, a second fixing plate 3-22, and a third fixing plate 3-23; the top of the base 3-1 is sequentially provided with a first slide rail groove 3-24-1, a second slide rail groove 3-24-2, and a third slide rail groove 3-24-3; the first fixing plate 3-21 is slidably connected in the third slide rail groove 3-24-3; the second fixing plate 3-22 is fixed to the top of the base 3-1 on the side of the first slide rail groove 3-24-1 away from the second slide rail groove 3-24-2; and the third fixing plate 3-23 is fixed between the second slide rail groove 3-24-2 and the third slide rail groove 3-24-3. At the top of the base 3-1, the upper and lower rolling components are rotatably disposed between the second fixed plate 3-22 and the third fixed plate 3-23; the hydraulic mechanism is movably connected between the first slide rail groove 3-24-1 and the second slide rail groove 3-24-2; the side rolling component is located between the hydraulic mechanism and the second fixed plate 3-22 and the third fixed plate 3-23; in this embodiment, the upper rolling component of the rolling mechanism includes an upper driven roller 3-14 and an upper driving roller 3-15 arranged side by side; the lower rolling component of the rolling mechanism includes a lower driven roller 3-12 and a lower driving roller 3-13 arranged side by side; the side rolling component of the rolling mechanism is a rolling wheel 3-6.

[0047] In one specific embodiment of this example, the hydraulic mechanism includes a support frame and a hydraulic cylinder 3-4. The support frame is slidably connected between a first slide rail groove 3-24-1 and a second slide rail groove 3-24-2. The hydraulic cylinder 3-4 is fixed in the center of the support frame. The support component includes a base 3-5, a bearing 3-20, and a bearing cap 3-25. The two ends of the rolling wheel 3-6 are fitted with bearings 3-20. The rolling wheel 3-6 is rotatably mounted in the base 3-5 through the bearings 3-20. The bearing cap 3-25 is fixed above the bearing 3-20 and connected to the base 3-5. The base 3-5 is fixed at the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder 3-4. The support frame includes a first support frame 3-2-1, a second support frame 3-2-2, and a third support frame 3-24-2. The support frame consists of three supports 3-2-3 and a fourth support 3-2-4. The first support frame 3-2-1 and the second support frame 3-2-2 can move in the first slide rail groove 3-24-1, while the third support frame 3-2-3 and the fourth support frame 3-2-4 can move in the second slide rail groove 3-24-2. The hydraulic cylinder 4 is fastened to the support frame (i.e., between the first support frame 3-2-1, the second support frame 3-2-2, the third support frame 3-2-3, and the fourth support frame 3-2-4) by bolts 3. The bearing cover 3-25 can be detachably fixed to the base 3-5 by bolts. Therefore, the bearing 3-20 and the rolling wheel 3-6 can be disassembled and fixed by removing and installing the bearing cover 3-25, which facilitates the installation of the rolling wheel 3-6 and the base 3-5.

[0048] To prevent the second fixing plate 3-22 and the support frame from slipping out of the first slide rail groove 3-24-1, the second slide rail groove 3-24-2 and the third slide rail groove 3-24-3, the cross-sectional shape of the first slide rail groove 3-24-1, the second slide rail groove 3-24-2 and the third slide rail groove 3-24-3 is set as a dovetail structure. This ensures the sliding connection between the second fixing plate 3-22 and the support frame and the first slide rail groove 3-24-1, the second slide rail groove 3-24-2 and the third slide rail groove 3-24-3, and also avoids the stable assembly of the second fixing plate 3-22 and the support frame with the base 3-1.

[0049] In one specific embodiment of this example, the drive mechanism includes a first servo motor 3-9, a second servo motor 3-16, and a third servo motor 3-17; the first servo motor 3-9 is fixed to a first fixed plate 3-21 by bolts 3-18 and nuts 3-19, and the second servo motor 3-16 and the third servo motor 3-17 are fixed to a second fixed plate 3-22 by bolts 3-18 and nuts 3-19; in this embodiment, the transmission mechanism includes a small shaft gear 3-7, a large shaft gear 3-8, a sprocket 3-10, and a chain 3-11. The small gear 3-7 is mounted on the outer side of the base 3-5 facing the first servo motor 3-9 on the rolling wheel 3-6, and on one end of the drive roller 3-15 and the lower drive roller 3-13 on the side of the second fixed plate 3-22; the large gear 3-8 is mounted on the output shafts of the first servo motor 3-9, the second servo motor 3-16, and the third servo motor 3-17; the large gear 3-8 of the first servo motor 3-9 meshes with the small gear 3-7 of the rolling wheel 3-6; the small gear 3-7 of the drive roller 3-15 meshes with the third servo motor 3-17. The large gear 3-8 of the shaft meshes with each other; the small gear 3-7 of the lower driving roller 3-13 meshes with the large gear 3-8 of the second servo motor 3-16; the sprocket 3-10 is fitted onto one end of the upper driven roller 3-14, upper driving roller 3-15, lower driven roller 3-12, and lower driving roller 3-13 on one side of the third fixed plate 3-23; the chain 3-11 is fitted between the upper driven roller 3-14 and the upper driving roller 3-15, and between the lower driven roller 3-12 and the lower driving roller 3-13; wherein, the small gear 3-7 has 1 tooth. 3. The number of teeth of the large gear 3-8 is 21, and the number of teeth of the sprocket 10 is 11. The output shaft of the first servo motor 3-9 passes through the first fixed plate 3-21, and a large gear 3-8 is provided at the end of the output shaft. The large gear 3-8 is connected to the output shaft of the first servo motor 3-9 by a key, so that the power of the first servo motor 3-9 is transmitted to the small gear 3-7 of the rolling wheel 3-6. When the first servo motor 3-9 is working, it can transmit power to the rolling wheel 3-6 through the large gear 3-8 and the small gear 3-7 to drive the rolling wheel 3-6 to rotate.

[0050] Similarly, the output shaft of the second servo motor 3-16 passes through the second fixed plate 3-22, and a large shaft gear 3-8 is provided at the end of the output shaft. The large shaft gear 3-8 is connected to the output shaft of the second servo motor 3-16 by a key, so that the power of the second servo motor 3-16 is transmitted to the small shaft gear 3-7 of the lower driving roller 3-13. When the second servo motor 3-16 is working, it can transmit power to the lower driving roller 3-13 through the large shaft gear 3-8 and the small shaft gear 3-7 to drive the lower driving roller 3-13 to rotate. The sprocket 10 has 13 teeth. The lower driving roller 3-13 is connected to the sprocket 3-10 by a key, and the lower driven roller 3-12 is connected to the sprocket 3-10 by a key. The sprockets 3-10 are connected by a chain 3-11 with a transmission ratio of 1:1 to achieve chain transmission, so that the lower driving roller 3-13 and the lower driven roller 3-12 rotate synchronously in the same direction.

[0051] Similarly, the output shaft of the third servo motor 3-17 passes through the second fixed plate 3-22, and a large shaft gear 3-8 is provided at the end of the output shaft. The large shaft gear 3-8 is connected to the output shaft of the third servo motor 3-17 by a key, transmitting the power of the third servo motor 3-17 to the small shaft gear 3-7 of the upper driving roller 3-15. When the third servo motor 3-17 is working, it can transmit power to the upper driving roller 3-15 through the large shaft gear 3-8 and the small shaft gear 3-7 to drive the upper driving roller 3-15 to rotate. The upper driving roller 3-15 is connected to the sprocket 3-10 by a key, and the upper driven roller 3-14 is connected to the sprocket 3-10 by a key. The sprockets 3-10 are connected by a chain 3-11 with a transmission ratio of 1:1 to achieve chain transmission, so that the upper driving roller 3-15 and the upper driven roller 3-14 rotate synchronously in the same direction.

[0052] To ensure reliable support and smooth rotation of the lower driven roller 3-12 and the upper driven roller 3-14, bearings 3-20 are respectively installed at both ends of each roller. Retaining rings limit the sliding of the bearings 3-20. The bearings 3-20 are respectively mounted on the second fixed plate 3-22 and the third fixed plate 3-23. Similarly, to ensure reliable support and smooth rotation of the lower driving roller 3-13 and the upper driving roller 3-15, bearings 3-20 are respectively installed at the output shaft end of each roller. Retaining rings limit the sliding of the bearings 3-20. The bearings 3-20 are respectively mounted on the third fixed plate 3-23. The lower driving roller 3-13 is directly below the upper driving roller 3-15, and the lower driven roller 3-12 is directly below the upper driven roller 3-14. Roller 3-6 is located directly in front of the lower driven roller 3-12 and the upper driven roller 3-14. The lower driving roller 3-13 and the upper driving roller 3-15, as well as the lower driven roller 3-12 and the upper driven roller 3-14, are set at a suitable and equal height to place the calipers (caliper body 3-26 and caliper jaws 4-2) into the roller for rolling processing. The rotation direction of the lower driving roller 3-13 is opposite to that of the upper driving roller 3-15 to ensure that the caliper body 3-26 or the caliper jaws 4-2 can be fed and discharged normally. In this embodiment, the rotation directions of roller 3-6, lower driving roller 3-13, and upper driving roller 3-15 are shown in Figure 2.

[0053] The aforementioned roller burnishing process specifically refers to inserting the induction-hardened caliper body 3-26 or jaw 4-2 between the lower drive roller 3-13 and the upper drive roller 3-15. The rotation direction of the lower drive roller 3-13 is opposite to that of the upper drive roller 3-15, causing the caliper body 3-26 or jaw 4-2 to feed automatically. This provides a stable roller burnishing device and also plays a certain tensioning role, making the caliper body 3-26 or jaw 4-2 relatively stable and unobstructed during transportation. Positional deviations are prone to occur; when the caliper body 3-26 or jaw 4-2 is fed to the front end face contacting the rolling wheel 3-6, the rolling process of the front end face of the caliper body 3-26 or jaw 4-2 begins. This not only completes the synchronous rolling and conveying of the upper and lower surfaces, but also performs the rolling process of the front end face of the caliper body 3-26 or jaw 4-2, completing the three-edge rolling process of three surfaces (i.e., the upper end face, lower end face, and front end face of the caliper body 3-26 or jaw 4-2) in one go, thus improving the rolling process efficiency;

[0054] The aforementioned rolling straightening refers to the process where, after the first rolling process is completed, the second servo motor 3-16 and the third servo motor 3-17 reverse, and the caliper body 3-26 or the jaws 4-2 retract. This process achieves secondary rolling, that is, rolling straightening of the caliper body 3-26 or the jaws 4-2, which in turn makes the surface structure of the rolling process more uniform and improves the surface quality of the rolling process.

[0055] A high-end caliper stainless steel surface composite strengthening process, employing the high-end caliper stainless steel surface composite strengthening system as described above, specifically includes the following steps:

[0056] S1. Quenching treatment: The untreated caliper body 3-26 is subjected to high-frequency induction quenching and the untreated caliper jaws 4-2 are subjected to local induction quenching using a quenching device. When the quenching device is working, its current frequency is set to 200-300kHz. After the caliper body 3-26 or caliper jaws 4-2 are vertically placed in the quenching inductor 1-2 and heated to 1030℃, they are held at that temperature for 30s to austenitize them. Then, the caliper body 3-26 or caliper jaws 4-2 are placed in the quenching liquid 1-4 for oil quenching and cooling.

[0057] S2. Tempering treatment: The tempered caliper body 3-26 and caliper jaws 4-2 are ultrasonically cleaned by ultrasonic cleaning device 5 to remove the surface oxide scale. Then, the caliper body 3-26 and caliper jaws 4-2 are placed into the tempering device for low-temperature tempering treatment. The tempering temperature is 180℃ and the holding time is 4h. After the tempering is completed, the caliper body 3-26 and caliper jaws 4-2 are placed in the air to cool to room temperature to release the induction hardening internal stress.

[0058] S3. Rolling treatment; The tempered and cooled caliper body 3-26 and caliper jaws 4-2 are rolled using the rolling device 3. During the rolling treatment, the caliper body 3-26 or caliper jaws 4-2 are first pushed between the upper and lower rolling parts of the rolling mechanism. The forward rotation of the drive mechanism drives the transmission mechanism to rotate, so that the transmission mechanism drives the side rolling parts, upper rolling parts, and lower rolling parts of the rolling mechanism to rotate synchronously, so that the caliper body 3-26 or caliper jaws 4-2 are rolled in opposite directions. The upper and lower rolling parts operate to roll and transport the caliper body 3-26 or caliper jaw 4-2 to the side rolling part, so that the upper end face, lower end face and front end face of the caliper body 3-26 or the caliper jaw 4-2 can be rolled. After the rolling is completed, the drive mechanism is reversed to make the caliper body 3-26 or the caliper jaw 4-2 retract from between the upper and lower rolling parts. While refining the surface structure, the straightness of the caliper is controlled within 0.1mm, and the quenching deformation rolling straightening of the caliper body 3-26 or the caliper jaw 4-2 is completed.

[0059] S4. High-current pulsed electron beam irradiation treatment; Place the caliper jaws 4-2 into the HOPE-I type high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation device for high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation, so that the caliper jaws 4-2 are irradiated with an 8×10 -3 In a vacuum environment of Pa, electron beams with energy densities ranging from 2 to 8 J / cm² are used. 2An electron beam generated by an accelerating voltage of 20–30 kV continuously pulses the target for 1–3 μs to complete surface modification. Specifically, caliper jaws 4-2 are placed on the working target 4-1 within the vacuum chamber, with the surface to be treated of caliper jaws 4-2 facing the electron beam source 4-5. The equipment is then turned on, and a vacuum of 8 × 10⁻⁸ kV is applied. -3 By combining various parameters such as Pa, accelerating voltage (20–30 kV), and pulse duration (1–3 μs), the electron beam energy density is controlled to range from 2 to 8 J / cm². 2 An electron beam 4-3 is generated to bombard the surface of the caliper jaws 4-2. After a specific time interval (selecting different pulse processing times: 1, 3, 8, 15, 25, 50 and 65 times), the cycle of the next pulse begins.

[0060] S5. Cleaning treatment: Turn off the power of the high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation device, cool for 10 min to 20 min, remove the caliper jaws 4-2 from the high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation device, and then clean the caliper jaws 4-2 with the ultrasonic cleaning device 5.

[0061] In summary, the high-end caliper stainless steel surface composite strengthening system and process provided by this invention utilizes a rolling device 3 to perform three-blade rolling treatment on the heat-treated calipers. This improves processing efficiency while homogenizing the surface structure of the calipers, reducing surface roughness, and straightening deformation caused by heat treatment, effectively achieving comprehensive straightening of the calipers and reducing quenching deformation. Furthermore, the high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation device irradiates impurities on the caliper surface, and the irradiation process is completed in a vacuum, ensuring the absence of any impurities and effectively strengthening the caliper surface. Defects such as inclusions, micro-undulations, and component segregation adhering to or embedded on the surface of the caliper material can be removed through selective jetting (i.e., polishing and selective purification), effectively improving the corrosion resistance of the caliper. Furthermore, the caliper surface modified by the high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation device can form a surface layer with uniform composition and grains refined to the nanoscale, effectively achieving control over the grain size of the material. The modified surface layer has good compatibility with the substrate, making the caliper substrate and the nanostructured surface layer have no obvious interface and are not easy to fall off, greatly extending the service life of the caliper.

[0062] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. The illustrative expressions of the above terms in this specification should not be construed as necessarily referring to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0063] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-end caliper stainless steel surface composite strengthening system, characterized in that, include: A quenching device is used to perform high-frequency induction quenching on the untreated caliper body and local induction quenching on the untreated caliper jaws; a tempering device is used to perform low-temperature tempering on the quenched caliper body and caliper jaws; a rolling device (3) is used to perform three-edge rolling on the tempered caliper body and caliper jaws to straighten the quenching deformation; the rolling device (3) includes a base (3-1), a hydraulic mechanism, a rolling mechanism, a driving mechanism and a transmission mechanism; a fixing plate is provided on one side of the base (3-1) for fixing the rolling mechanism, the driving mechanism and the transmission mechanism, and the rolling mechanism is connected to the driving mechanism through the transmission mechanism; the rolling mechanism includes a side rolling part, an upper rolling part and a lower rolling part, the upper The upper and lower rolling components are arranged opposite to each other in an upper-lower configuration. The rolling directions of the upper and lower rolling components are opposite. The side rolling component is located at one end of the upper and lower rolling components, and the rotation center point of the side rolling component is located at the central axis of the gap between the upper and lower rolling components. The hydraulic mechanism is set on the base (3-1) at the end of the side rolling component away from the upper and lower rolling components, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic mechanism is also fixed with a support component for supporting the side rolling component. The fixing plate includes a first fixing plate (3-21), a second fixing plate (3-22), and a third fixing plate (3-23). ​​The top of the base (3-1) is provided with a first slide rail groove (3-24-1), a second slide rail groove (3-24-1), and a third slide rail groove (3-24-1). -2) and the third slide rail groove (3-24-3), the first fixing plate (3-21) is slidably connected in the third slide rail groove (3-24-3), the second fixing plate (3-22) is fixed on the top of the base (3-1) on the side of the first slide rail groove (3-24-1) away from the second slide rail groove (3-24-2), the third fixing plate (3-23) is fixed on the top of the base (3-1) between the second slide rail groove (3-24-2) and the third slide rail groove (3-24-3), the upper rolling member and the lower rolling member are rotatably arranged between the second fixing plate (3-22) and the third fixing plate (3-23); the hydraulic mechanism is movably connected to the first slide rail groove (3-24-1) and the second slide rail groove (3-24-3). Between 3-24-2), the side rolling component is located between the hydraulic mechanism and the second fixed plate (3-22) and the third fixed plate (3-23); the high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation device is used to irradiate the rolled caliper jaws with a high-current pulsed electron beam; the high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation device includes a working target (4-1), a working chamber (4-4), an electron beam source (4-5), a diagnostic system (4-6), a vacuum system (4-7), and a power control system (4-8); the working target (4-1) is located at the bottom of the working chamber (4-4); the electron beam source (4-5) is located at the top of the working chamber (4-4) and is used to generate an electron beam to bombard the product on the working target (4-1);The diagnostic system (4-6), vacuum system (4-7), and power control system (4-8) are all located outside the working chamber (4-4). The diagnostic system (4-6) is used to measure the cathode accelerating voltage, electron beam current, and average energy density of the incident beam. The vacuum system (4-7) includes a vacuum valve, a vacuum pump group, a vacuum chamber, and pipes for cooling water and exhaust gas. The power control system (4-8) includes a pulse high-voltage generator, a pulse power supply, a magnetic field trigger power supply, and an ultrasonic cleaning device (5) for ultrasonically cleaning the caliper body and caliper jaws after quenching and tempering, as well as the caliper jaws after irradiation.

2. The high-end caliper stainless steel surface composite strengthening system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The quenching device includes a quenching transformer (1-1), a quenching inductor (1-2), and a quenching pool (1-3). The quenching inductor (1-2) is connected to one side of the quenching transformer (1-1) and is used to perform high-frequency heating on the caliper body and caliper jaws. The quenching pool (1-3) is located directly below the quenching inductor (1-2) and is filled with quenching liquid for oil quenching and cooling of the caliper body and caliper jaws after high-frequency heating.

3. The high-end caliper stainless steel surface composite strengthening system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The tempering device includes a mesh belt furnace (2-2), and the mesh belt furnace (2-2) is equipped with a temperature controller (2-1) for controlling the tempering temperature.

4. The high-end caliper stainless steel surface composite strengthening system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The upper rolling component of the rolling mechanism includes an upper driven roller (3-14) and an upper driving roller (3-15) arranged side by side; the lower rolling component of the rolling mechanism includes a lower driven roller (3-12) and a lower driving roller (3-13) arranged side by side; the side rolling component of the rolling mechanism is a rolling wheel (3-6).

5. The high-end caliper stainless steel surface composite strengthening system as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The hydraulic mechanism includes a support frame and a hydraulic cylinder (3-4). The support frame is slidably connected between the first slide rail groove (3-24-1) and the second slide rail groove (3-24-2). The hydraulic cylinder (3-4) is fixed in the center of the support frame. The support component includes a base (3-5), a bearing (3-20), and a bearing cover (3-25). The two ends of the rolling wheel (3-6) are fitted with bearings (3-20). The rolling wheel (3-6) is rotatably mounted in the base (3-5) through the bearings (3-20). The bearing cover (3-25) is fixed above the bearing (3-20) and connected to the base (3-5). The base (3-5) is fixed at the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder (3-4).

6. The high-end caliper stainless steel surface composite strengthening system as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The drive mechanism includes a first servo motor (3-9), a second servo motor (3-16), and a third servo motor (3-17); the first servo motor (3-9) is fixed on a first fixed plate (3-21), and the second servo motor (3-16) and the third servo motor (3-17) are fixed on a second fixed plate (3-22).

7. The high-end caliper stainless steel surface composite strengthening system as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism includes a small shaft gear (3-7), a large shaft gear (3-8), a sprocket (3-10), and a chain (3-11); the small shaft gear (3-7) is mounted on the outer side of the base (3-5) of the rolling wheel (3-6) facing the first servo motor (3-9) and on one side of the upper drive roller (3-15) and lower drive roller (3-13) of the second fixed plate (3-22); the large shaft gear (3-8) is mounted on the output shaft of the first servo motor (3-9), the second servo motor (3-16), and the third servo motor (3-17); the large shaft gear (3-8) of the first servo motor (3-9) meshes with the small shaft gear (3-7) of the rolling wheel (3-6); the upper... The small gear (3-7) of the drive roller (3-15) meshes with the large gear (3-8) of the third servo motor (3-17); the small gear (3-7) of the lower drive roller (3-13) meshes with the large gear (3-8) of the second servo motor (3-16); the sprocket (3-10) is fitted onto one end of the upper driven roller (3-14), upper drive roller (3-15), lower driven roller (3-12), and lower drive roller (3-13) on one side of the third fixed plate (3-23); the chain (3-11) is fitted between the upper driven roller (3-14) and the upper drive roller (3-15), and between the lower driven roller (3-12) and the lower drive roller (3-13).

8. A high-end caliper stainless steel surface composite strengthening process, characterized in that, The high-end caliper stainless steel surface composite strengthening system as described in any one of claims 1-7 specifically includes the following steps: S1, quenching treatment; using a quenching device to perform high-frequency induction quenching on the untreated caliper body and local induction quenching on the untreated caliper jaws. When the quenching device is working, its current frequency is set to 200-300kHz. After the caliper body or caliper jaws are heated to 1030℃, they are held for 30s, and then the caliper body or caliper jaws are cooled by oil quenching; S2, tempering treatment; using an ultrasonic cleaning device (5) to perform ultrasonic cleaning on the tempered caliper body and caliper jaws, and then placing the caliper body and caliper jaws into a tempering device for low-temperature tempering treatment. The tempering temperature is 180℃ and the holding time is 4h. After the tempered caliper body and caliper jaws are taken out of the furnace, they are placed in the air. Cool to room temperature; S3, rolling treatment; The caliper body and caliper jaws after tempering and cooling are rolled using the rolling device (3). During the rolling treatment, the caliper body or caliper jaws are first pushed between the upper rolling part and the lower rolling part of the rolling mechanism. The forward operation of the drive mechanism drives the transmission mechanism to operate, so that the transmission mechanism drives the side rolling part, the upper rolling part and the lower rolling part of the rolling mechanism to operate synchronously, so that the caliper body or caliper jaws are rolled and transported to the side rolling part by the upper rolling part and the lower rolling part with opposite rolling directions, so that the caliper body or caliper jaws can be rolled and transported to the side rolling part by the upper rolling part and the lower rolling part with opposite rolling directions, so that the caliper body or caliper jaws can be rolled and processed by the three-blade rolling of the upper end face, the lower end face and the front end face. After the rolling is completed, the drive mechanism is reversed to make the caliper body or caliper jaws retract from between the upper rolling part and the lower rolling part, and the quenching deformation rolling straightening of the caliper body or caliper jaws is completed. S4. High-current pulsed electron beam irradiation treatment; the caliper jaws are placed in a high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation device for high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation, so that the caliper jaws are irradiated at 8×10 -3 In a vacuum environment of Pa, electron beams with energy densities ranging from 2 to 8 J / cm² are used. 2 1. The electron beam generated by the 20-30kV accelerating voltage continuously pulses the caliper for 1-3μs; S5. Cleaning treatment; turn off the power of the high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation device, cool for 10-20 minutes, remove the caliper jaws from the high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation device, and then clean the caliper jaws with an ultrasonic cleaning device (5).

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