An emergency jettison device for submersibles applicable to multiple working conditions and its operation method

Abstract

An emergency ballast jettison device and operation method for a submersible applicable to multiple working conditions, including a manned submersible, which is fixed with an oil cylinder through a mounting bracket. One end of the oil cylinder is fitted with an electric push rod, which is connected to a control system through a cable. The control system is located inside the manned cabin. A manual hydraulic pump is also arranged inside the manned cabin, and the manual hydraulic pump is communicated with the oil cylinder through an oil pipe; a piston is installed inside the oil cylinder. The piston extends from the other end of the oil cylinder and is connected to a release cabin. The end of the release cabin is connected to a pair of mounting bases through a sliding release pin. The mounting bases are fixed on the manned submersible, and a ballast weight is connected between the two mounting bases through a mounting ear plate; the piston includes a piston head and a piston rod. The rod body of the electric push rod extends into the oil cylinder and is connected to the piston head, and a spring is sleeved on the rod body. It can complete ballast jettison under multiple working conditions, achieving full coverage of normal working conditions, active emergency conditions and passive emergency conditions, and ensuring the safety of the manned submersible and personnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of submersible jettison devices, and in particular to an emergency jettison device and operation method for submersibles applicable to multiple working conditions. Background Art

[0002] The ocean contains rich biological resources and mineral resources. With the growth of the needs in ocean engineering, offshore oil development, as well as the military and ocean scientific research fields, etc., deep-sea manned submersibles, as important tools for ocean development, have developed rapidly and have become one of the core equipment for humans to enter, explore, and develop the ocean. The jettison device is an important part of a deep-sea manned submersible and one of the important devices to ensure the safety of the manned submersible and its personnel. According to different usage scenarios, the usage working conditions of the jettison device can be divided into normal working conditions and emergency working conditions. Among them, the emergency working conditions can be further divided into active emergency working conditions and passive emergency working conditions. The main working conditions are as follows:

[0003] (1) Normal working condition: When the manned submersible completes its operation task, the operator operates the jettison device to complete the ballast jettison, so that the submersible floats to the water surface;

[0004] (2) Active emergency working condition: When the manned submersible is unable to continue performing its operation task due to equipment failure, power supply interruption, control system failure, etc., the operator makes a decision and operates the jettison device to complete the ballast jettison, so that the submersible floats to the water surface;

[0005] (3) Passive emergency working condition: When the manned submersible is performing an operation task near the maximum working depth and suddenly drops rapidly due to a sudden change in water environment parameters, the operator does not have enough time to make a decision and operate, and the jettison device needs to actively complete the ballast jettison to make the submersible float to the water surface.

[0006] In the prior art, for example, CN 107253518 B discloses a deep-sea manually hydraulic-driven disposable ballast device, which realizes ballast jettison by the operator of the manned submersible operating a manual hydraulic pump, and is applicable to normal working conditions and active emergency working conditions. Since it does not have the function of actively jettisoning the ballast, it is not applicable to passive emergency working conditions. CN 113212715 B discloses an underwater main-passive dual-driven jettison device. Under normal working conditions, the operator of the manned submersible realizes ballast jettison by controlling an electromagnet; under passive emergency working conditions, the ballast is actively jettisoned by driving a hydraulic cylinder with high-pressure seawater, and it is applicable to normal working conditions and passive emergency working conditions. When active emergency situations such as power supply interruption and control system failure occur, the ballast jettison cannot be completed, and it is not applicable to active emergency working conditions. The above prior art can only cover some working conditions and cannot achieve full coverage of normal working conditions, active emergency working conditions, and passive emergency working conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings in the existing production technology, the applicant provides an emergency ballast jettison device and operation method for submersibles applicable to multiple working conditions, which can complete ballast abandonment under multiple working conditions, achieve full coverage of normal working conditions, active emergency working conditions and passive emergency working conditions, and ensure the safety of manned submersibles and personnel.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] An emergency ballast jettison device for submersibles applicable to multiple working conditions includes a manned submersible. An oil cylinder is fixed on the manned submersible through a mounting bracket. One end of the oil cylinder is fitted with an electric push rod. The electric push rod is connected to a control system through a cable. The control system is located inside the manned cabin. A manual hydraulic pump is also arranged inside the manned cabin. The manual hydraulic pump is communicated with the oil cylinder through an oil pipe; a piston is installed inside the oil cylinder. The piston extends out from the other end of the oil cylinder and is connected to a release cabin. The end of the release cabin is connected to a pair of mounting bases through a sliding release pin. The mounting bases are fixed on the manned submersible. A ballast weight is connected between the two mounting bases through a mounting ear plate.

[0010] The piston includes a piston head and a piston rod. The rod body of the electric push rod extends into the oil cylinder and is connected to the piston head. A return spring is sleeved on the rod body.

[0011] Its further technical solution lies in:

[0012] The structure of the oil cylinder is as follows: it includes an oil cylinder body in a cylindrical structure. The inside of the oil cylinder body is hollow. A piston rod inlet and outlet is arranged on one end face of the oil cylinder body. A sealing groove is arranged on the inner surface of the piston rod inlet and outlet. A first dynamic sealing ring is installed in the sealing groove. The piston rod forms a dynamic sealing fit with the piston rod inlet and outlet through the first dynamic sealing ring;

[0013] Two grooves are arranged on the side surface of the piston head. A second dynamic sealing ring is arranged in the grooves. The piston head forms a dynamic sealing fit with the inner wall of the oil cylinder body through the second dynamic sealing ring, and divides the oil cylinder into a sealed space and a water-permeable space;

[0014] An electric push rod inlet and outlet and an oil cylinder water-permeable hole are arranged on the other end face of the oil cylinder body. A hydraulic oil inlet and outlet is arranged on the cylindrical surface close to the piston rod inlet and outlet.

[0015] A boss is arranged at the junction of the piston rod and the piston head. The boss is located in the sealed space. An initial sealed space is formed through the boss, and hydraulic oil is pre-filled to ensure the continuous fluidity of the hydraulic oil in the sealed space.

[0016] The hydraulic oil inlet and outlet is connected to an oil pipe.

[0017] A release chamber is fixed at the end of the piston rod. Water permeable holes are provided at both ends of the release chamber to ensure that the internal and external pressures of the release chamber are the same. A sliding limit pin access port is provided on the side wall of the release chamber. An induction chamber is provided above the sliding limit pin access port. Water permeable holes are provided on the bottom end face of the induction chamber for sensing the water environment pressure. One end of the release chamber is also provided with a sliding release pin through an energy storage spring.

[0018] The installation structure of the sliding release pin is as follows: a convex block is provided at one end of the sliding release pin, and a limit groove is provided on the side of the convex block; the energy storage spring is arranged between the convex block and the end face of the release chamber and is in a compressed energy storage state; the sliding limit pin is arranged in the induction chamber and has a T-shaped structure, and a notch is provided on the side of the sliding limit pin, and a No. 3 dynamic seal ring is provided in the notch. The sliding limit pin forms a dynamic seal fit with the inner wall of the induction chamber through the No. 3 dynamic seal ring, and the sliding limit pin and the limit groove on the sliding release pin form a limit fit; the induction spring is arranged in the closed space formed by the sliding limit pin and the induction chamber, and the stiffness coefficient of the induction spring matches the maximum working environment pressure of the manned submersible.

[0019] Through holes matching the sliding release pin are opened on both the mounting ear plate and the mounting base.

[0020] An operation method of an emergency jettison device for a submersible applicable to multiple working conditions includes the following working conditions:

[0021] Normal working condition:

[0022] When the manned submersible completes the underwater operation task, the operator controls the electric push rod to retract through the control system. The electric push rod drives the piston to move, and then drives the sliding release pin to move out of the through hole on the mounting ear plate of the ballast weight. The ballast weight falls off under the action of gravity, completing the abandonment of the ballast weight.

[0023] Active emergency working condition:

[0024] When the manned submersible is unable to continue performing the operation task due to a non-power supply failure, the same operation steps as in the above normal working condition are adopted to complete the abandonment of the ballast weight.

[0025] When the manned submersible is unable to continue performing the operation task due to a power supply failure, the operator operates the manual hydraulic pump to press the hydraulic oil in the pump body into the sealed space of the oil cylinder through the oil pipe, and drives the piston to move through hydraulic energy, and finally drives the sliding release pin to move out of the through hole on the mounting ear plate of the ballast weight. The ballast weight falls off under the action of gravity, completing the abandonment of the ballast weight 1.

[0026] Passive emergency working condition:

[0027] When the manned submersible is performing an operation near the maximum working depth, due to a sudden change in the water environment parameters, resulting in the submersible suddenly dropping in depth and rapidly falling, when the water environment pressure reaches the set safety value, the sliding limit pin moves along the axis of the induction chamber towards the side of the induction spring under the combined action of the water environment pressure and the induction spring. The sliding limit pin moves out of the limit groove of the sliding release pin, and the sliding release pin instantaneously moves out of the through hole on the hanging ear plate of the ballast weight under the action of the energy storage spring. The ballast weight falls off under the action of gravity, completing the abandonment of the ballast weight.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] The structure of the present invention is compact, reasonable, and easy to operate. Through the mutual cooperation of components such as the piston mechanism, electric propulsion drive mechanism, hydraulic drive mechanism, environmental pressure induction release mechanism, and ballast weight, it can complete ballast abandonment under various working conditions, achieving full coverage of normal working conditions, active emergency conditions, and passive emergency conditions, and ensuring the safety of the manned submersible and personnel.

[0030] At the same time, the present invention also has the following advantages:

[0031] 1) The device of the present invention can complete ballast abandonment under normal working conditions, active emergency conditions, and passive emergency conditions, ensuring that the manned submersible has sufficient positive buoyancy to float to the water surface, achieving full coverage of the working conditions of the manned submersible, and greatly improving the safety of the manned submersible and personnel;

[0032] 2) The device of the present invention combines electric energy, manual hydraulic energy, and environmental hydraulic energy. All three energy supply methods can independently complete the abandonment of ballast, with higher reliability;

[0033] 3) The device of the present invention adopts an environmental pressure induction release mechanism based on the energy storage principle, without additional energy supply. By sensing the external environmental pressure and relying on the pre-stored energy, it realizes the active and instantaneous release of ballast, with a faster response speed;

[0034] 4) The device of the present invention can complete the abandonment of the load not only when the power supply is normal, but also when the power supply is abnormal or interrupted.

[0035] 5) The device of the present invention adopts an integrated design with a high degree of integration, facilitating the modularization and lightweight of the manned submersible;

[0036] 6) The device of the present invention forms its own module with strong versatility, is applicable to manned submersibles with different operating depths and operating tasks, and has a wide range of applications;

[0037] 7) The device of the present invention only releases the ballast weight, with low cost consumption, which is beneficial to improving the operating economy of the manned submersible. Description of the Drawings

[0038] Figure 1 This is the overall schematic diagram of the throwing device described in the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 This is the exploded view of the throwing device described in the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 This is the schematic diagram of the internal structure of the throwing device described in the present invention.

[0041] Figure 4 is Figure 2 the cross-sectional view of the piston, release chamber and induction chamber in

[0042] Figure 5 is Figure 2 the cross-sectional view of the cylinder block of the oil cylinder in

[0043] Wherein: 1, throwing weight; 2, mounting base; 3, piston; 4, oil cylinder; 5, electric push rod; 6, oil pipe; 7, manned cabin; 8, manual hydraulic pump; 9, cable; 10, control system; 11, sliding release pin; 12, energy storage spring; 13, release chamber; 14, first dynamic seal ring; 15, second dynamic seal ring; 16, return spring; 17, induction chamber; 18, induction spring; 19, sliding limit pin; 20, third dynamic seal ring; 21, hydraulic oil;

[0044] 301, piston head; 302, piston rod; 303, sliding cavity;

[0045] 401, oil cylinder block; 402, piston rod inlet and outlet; 403, hydraulic oil inlet and outlet; 404, oil cylinder water permeable hole; 405, electric push rod inlet and outlet. Specific embodiments

[0046] The following combines the drawings to illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention.

[0047] As Figures 1 - 5 shown, the submersible emergency throwing device applicable to multiple working conditions in this embodiment includes a manned submersible. An oil cylinder 4 is fixed on the manned submersible through a mounting bracket. An electric push rod 5 is cooperatively installed at one end of the oil cylinder 4. The electric push rod 5 is connected to the control system 10 through a cable 9. The control system 10 is located inside the manned cabin 7. A manual hydraulic pump 8 is also arranged inside the manned cabin 7. The manual hydraulic pump 8 is communicated with the oil cylinder 4 through an oil pipe 6. A piston 3 is installed inside the oil cylinder 4. The piston 3 extends out from the other end of the oil cylinder 4 and is connected to a release chamber 13. The end of the release chamber 13 is connected to a pair of mounting bases 2 through a sliding release pin 11. The mounting bases 2 are fixed on the manned submersible. A throwing weight 1 is connected between the two mounting bases 2 through a mounting ear plate.

[0048] The piston 3 includes a piston head 301 and a piston rod 302. The rod body of the electric push rod 5 extends into the oil cylinder 4 and is connected to the piston head 301. A return spring 16 is sleeved on the rod body.

[0049] The structure of the oil cylinder 4 is as follows: It includes an oil cylinder body 401 with a cylindrical structure. The inside of the oil cylinder body 401 is hollow. At one end face of the oil cylinder body 401, there is a piston rod inlet and outlet 402. The inner surface of the piston rod inlet and outlet 402 is provided with a sealing groove. A first dynamic sealing ring 14 is installed in the sealing groove. The piston rod 302 forms a dynamic sealing fit with the piston rod inlet and outlet 402 through the first dynamic sealing ring 14.

[0050] Two grooves are provided on the side surface of the piston head 301. A second dynamic sealing ring 15 is arranged in the grooves. The piston head 301 forms a dynamic sealing fit with the inner wall of the oil cylinder body 401 through the second dynamic sealing ring 15, and divides the oil cylinder 4 into a sealed space and a water-permeable space.

[0051] An electric push rod inlet and outlet 405 and an oil cylinder water-permeable hole 404 are provided on the other end face of the oil cylinder body 401. A hydraulic oil inlet and outlet 403 is provided on the cylindrical surface close to the piston rod inlet and outlet 402.

[0052] A boss is provided at the junction of the piston rod 302 and the piston head 301. The boss is located in the sealed space. An initial sealed space is formed through the boss, and hydraulic oil 21 is pre-charged to ensure the continuous fluidity of the hydraulic oil 21 in the sealed space.

[0053] The hydraulic oil inlet and outlet 403 is connected to a oil pipe 6.

[0054] A release chamber 13 is fixed at the end of the piston rod 302. Water-permeable holes are provided at both ends of the release chamber 13 to ensure that the internal and external pressures of the release chamber 13 are the same. A sliding limit pin inlet and outlet is provided on the side wall of the release chamber 13. An induction chamber 17 is provided above the sliding limit pin inlet and outlet. Water-permeable holes are provided on the bottom end face of the induction chamber 17 for sensing the water environment pressure; A sliding release pin 11 is also installed at one end of the release chamber 13 through an energy storage spring 12.

[0055] The installation structure of the sliding release pin 11 is as follows: A convex block is provided at one end of the sliding release pin 11, and a limit groove is provided on the side surface of the convex block; The energy storage spring 12 is arranged between the convex block and the end face of the release chamber 13 and is in a compressed energy storage state; A sliding limit pin 19 is arranged in the induction chamber 17 and has a T-shaped structure. A notch is provided on the side surface of the sliding limit pin 19, and a third dynamic sealing ring 20 is arranged in the notch. The sliding limit pin 19 forms a dynamic sealing fit with the inner wall of the induction chamber 17 through the third dynamic sealing ring 20. The sliding limit pin 19 and the limit groove on the sliding release pin 11 form a limit fit; An induction spring 18 is arranged in the sealed space formed by the sliding limit pin 19 and the induction chamber 17, and the stiffness coefficient of the induction spring 18 matches the maximum working environment pressure of the manned submersible.

[0056] Through holes matching the sliding release pin 11 are provided on both the mounting lugs and the mounting base 2.

[0057] The specific structure and functions of an integrated throwing device applicable to multiple working conditions according to the present invention are as follows:

[0058] It mainly includes a piston mechanism, an electric push driving mechanism, a hydraulic driving mechanism, an environmental pressure sensing release mechanism, and a throwing heavy block 1.

[0059] Among them, the piston mechanism includes an oil cylinder 4 and a piston 3. The oil cylinder 4 is fixedly connected to a manned submersible (not shown in the figure) through a mounting bracket (not shown in the figure). The oil cylinder body 401 is a cylinder. One end face is provided with a piston rod inlet and outlet 402, the other end face is provided with an electric push rod inlet and outlet 405 and an oil cylinder water permeable hole 404. A hydraulic oil inlet and outlet 403 is provided on the cylindrical surface near the piston rod inlet and outlet 402. A sealing groove is provided on the inner surface of the piston rod inlet and outlet 402, and a first dynamic sealing ring 14 is provided in the sealing groove; a piston 3 is arranged inside the oil cylinder 4. The piston 3 includes a piston head 301 and a piston rod 302. The piston rod 302 forms a dynamic sealing fit with the piston rod inlet and outlet 402 through the first dynamic sealing ring 14; two grooves are provided on the side surface of the piston head 301, and a second dynamic sealing ring 15 is provided in the grooves. The piston head 301 forms a dynamic sealing fit with the inner wall of the oil cylinder body 401 through the second dynamic sealing ring 15, and divides the oil cylinder 4 into a sealed space and a water permeable space; a convex platform is provided at the junction of the piston rod 302 and the piston head 301. The convex platform is located in the sealed space, and an initial sealed space is formed through the convex platform, and hydraulic oil 21 is pre-filled to ensure the continuous fluidity of the hydraulic oil 21 in the sealed space; a sliding cavity 303 is provided on the side of the piston rod 302 close to the piston head 301.

[0060] The electric push driving mechanism includes an electric push rod 5 and a return spring 16. Among them, the electric push rod 5 is connected to the control system 10 in the manned cabin 7 through a cable 9. The electric push rod 5 is fixed on one end face of the oil cylinder 4. The rod body of the electric push rod 5 enters the oil cylinder body 401 through the electric push rod inlet and outlet 405 and further enters the sliding cavity 303. A protrusion is provided at the end of the rod body of the electric push rod 5, and the protrusion forms a sliding fit with the sliding cavity 303. The annular protrusion outside the cavity opening of the sliding cavity 303 forms a pulling fit with the protrusion at the end of the rod body of the electric push rod 5; the return spring 16 is arranged in the water permeable space of the oil cylinder 4 and forms a reset fit with the electric push rod 5 and the piston 3.

[0061] The hydraulic driving mechanism includes a manual hydraulic pump 8 and hydraulic oil 21. The manual hydraulic pump 8 is arranged in the manned cabin 7 and is connected to the hydraulic oil inlet and outlet 403 of the oil cylinder 4 through a pipeline 6; the hydraulic oil 21 fills the sealed space of the oil cylinder 4, and the amount of the hydraulic oil 21 is adjusted through the manual hydraulic pump 8 to transfer hydraulic energy to the piston 3.

[0062] The environmental pressure sensing and releasing mechanism includes a release chamber 13, a sensing chamber 17, a sliding release pin 11, a sliding limit pin 19, an energy storage spring 12 and a sensing spring 18. Among them, the release chamber 13 is arranged at the end of the piston rod 302, and water permeable holes are arranged at both ends to ensure the same pressure inside and outside the release chamber 13. A sliding limit pin entrance and exit is arranged on the side of the release chamber 13; the sensing chamber 17 is arranged above the sliding limit pin entrance and exit, and a water permeable hole is arranged at the bottom end face of the sensing chamber 17 for sensing the water environment pressure; the sliding release pin 11 is arranged in the release chamber 13, a convex block is arranged at one end, and a limit groove is arranged on the side of the convex block; the energy storage spring 12 is arranged between the convex block and the end face of the release chamber 13 and is in a compressed energy storage state; the sliding limit pin 19 is arranged in the sensing chamber 17 and has a T-shaped structure, and a notch is arranged on its side, and a third dynamic seal ring 20 is arranged in the notch. The sliding limit pin 19 forms a dynamic seal fit with the inner wall of the sensing chamber 17 through the third dynamic seal ring 20, and the sliding limit pin 19 forms a limit fit with the limit groove on the sliding release pin 11; the sensing spring 18 is arranged in the closed space formed by the sliding limit pin 19 and the sensing chamber 17, and the stiffness coefficient of the sensing spring 18 matches the maximum working environment pressure of the manned submersible.

[0063] Hanging lugs are arranged on the throwing weight 1 and are connected to the hanging base 2 on the manned submersible through the sliding release pin 11.

[0064] The operation method of an integrated throwing device applicable to multiple working conditions of the present invention mainly includes the following aspects:

[0065] (1) Normal working condition:

[0066] When the manned submersible completes the underwater operation task, the operator controls the electric push rod 5 to retract through the control system 10. The electric push rod 5 drives the piston 3 to move through the pulling cooperation formed by the end of the rod body and the annular boss at the orifice of the sliding chamber 303, and then drives the environmental pressure sensing and releasing mechanism to move, and finally drives the sliding release pin 11 to move out of the through hole on the hanging lug of the throwing weight 1. The throwing weight 1 falls off under the action of gravity, and the ballast weight throwing is completed;

[0067] (2) Active emergency working condition:

[0068] When the manned submersible is unable to continue performing its operation tasks due to non-power supply failures, the same operation steps as in (i) the normal working condition are adopted to complete the abandonment of the ballast weight 1; when the manned submersible is unable to continue performing its operation tasks due to power supply failures, the operator operates the manual hydraulic pump 8 to press the hydraulic oil 21 in the pump body into the enclosed space of the oil cylinder 4 through the oil pipe 6, and drives the piston 3 through hydraulic energy to drive the ambient pressure sensing release mechanism to move, and finally drives the sliding release pin 11 to move out of the through hole on the hanging ear plate of the ballast weight 1, and the ballast weight 1 falls off under the action of gravity to complete the abandonment of the ballast weight 1.

[0069] (iii) Passive emergency condition:

[0070] When the manned submersible is performing operation tasks near the maximum working depth and suddenly drops rapidly due to sudden changes in water environment parameters, when the water environment pressure reaches the set safety value, the sliding limit pin 19 in the ambient pressure sensing release mechanism moves along the axis of the sensing chamber 17 to the side of the sensing spring 18 under the combined action of the water environment pressure and the sensing spring 18, the sliding limit pin 19 moves out of the limit groove of the sliding release pin 11, and the sliding release pin 11 instantaneously moves out of the through hole on the hanging ear plate of the ballast weight 1 under the action of the energy storage spring 12, and the ballast weight 1 falls off under the action of gravity to complete the abandonment of the ballast weight 1.

[0071] The above description is an explanation of the present invention, not a limitation of the invention. The scope defined by the present invention is referred to the claims. Any form of modification can be made within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An emergency jettison device for a submersible applicable to multiple working conditions, including a manned submersible, characterized in that: An oil cylinder (4) is fixed on the manned submersible through a mounting bracket. One end of the oil cylinder (4) is fitted with an electric push rod (5). The electric push rod (5) is connected to a control system (10) through a cable (9). The control system (10) is located inside the manned cabin (7). A manual hydraulic pump (8) is also arranged inside the manned cabin (7). The manual hydraulic pump (8) is communicated with the oil cylinder (4) through an oil pipe (6). A piston (3) is installed inside the oil cylinder (4). The piston (3) extends out from the other end of the oil cylinder (4) and is connected to a release cabin (13). The end of the release cabin (13) is connected to a pair of mounting bases (2) through a sliding release pin (11). The mounting bases (2) are fixed on the manned submersible. A ballast weight (1) is connected between the two mounting bases (2) through a mounting ear plate. The piston (3) includes a piston head (301) and a piston rod (302). The rod body of the electric push rod (5) extends into the oil cylinder (4) and is connected to the piston head (301). A return spring (16) is sleeved on the rod body. The structure of the oil cylinder (4) is as follows: it includes an oil cylinder body (401) in a cylindrical structure. The inside of the oil cylinder body (401) is hollow. A piston rod inlet and outlet (402) is arranged on one end face of the oil cylinder body (401). A sealing groove is arranged on the inner surface of the piston rod inlet and outlet (402). A first dynamic sealing ring (14) is installed in the sealing groove. The piston rod (302) forms a dynamic sealing fit with the piston rod inlet and outlet (402) through the first dynamic sealing ring (14). Two grooves are arranged on the side surface of the piston head (301). A second dynamic sealing ring (15) is arranged in the grooves. The piston head (301) forms a dynamic sealing fit with the inner wall of the oil cylinder body (401) through the second dynamic sealing ring (15), and divides the oil cylinder (4) into a sealed space and a water-permeable space. An electric push rod inlet / outlet (405) and an oil cylinder water permeable hole (404) are arranged on the other end face of the oil cylinder block (401), and a hydraulic oil inlet / outlet (403) is arranged on the cylindrical surface near the piston rod inlet / outlet (402); a boss is arranged at the junction of the piston rod (302) and the piston head (301), the boss is located in the sealed space, and an initial sealed space is formed through the boss, and hydraulic oil (21) is precharged to ensure the continuous fluidity of the hydraulic oil (21) in the sealed space; the hydraulic oil inlet / outlet (403) is connected to a oil pipe (6); a release cabin (13) is fixed at the end of the piston rod (302), water permeable holes are arranged at both ends of the release cabin (13) to ensure that the internal and external pressures of the release cabin (13) are consistent, a sliding limit pin inlet / outlet is arranged on the side wall of the release cabin (13), an induction cabin (17) is arranged above the sliding limit pin inlet / outlet, and a water permeable hole is arranged on the bottom end face of the induction cabin (17) for sensing the water environment pressure; a sliding release pin (11) is also installed at one end of the release cabin (13) through an energy storage spring (12); the installation structure of the sliding release pin (11) is: a convex block is arranged at one end of the sliding release pin (11), and a limit groove is arranged on the side surface of the convex block; the energy storage spring (12) is arranged between the convex block and the end face of the release cabin (13) and is in a compressed energy storage state; a sliding limit pin (19) is arranged in the induction cabin (17) and has a T-shaped structure, a notch is arranged on the side surface of the sliding limit pin (19), a No. 3 dynamic sealing ring (20) is arranged in the notch, and the sliding limit pin (19) forms a dynamic sealing fit with the inner wall of the induction cabin (17) through the No. 3 dynamic sealing ring (20), and the sliding limit pin (19) forms a limit fit with the limit groove on the sliding release pin (11); an induction spring (18) is arranged in the sealed space formed by the sliding limit pin (19) and the induction cabin (17), and the stiffness coefficient of the induction spring (18) matches the maximum working environment pressure of the manned submersible.

2. The emergency jettison device for a submersible applicable to multiple working conditions according to claim 1, wherein: Through holes matching the sliding release pin (11) are opened on both the hanging ear plate and the hanging base (2).

3. The operating method of an emergency jettison device for a submersible applicable to multiple working conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes the following working conditions: Normal working condition: After the manned submersible completes the underwater operation task, the operator controls the electric push rod (5) to retract through the control system (10). The electric push rod (5) drives the piston (3) to move, and then drives the sliding release pin (11) to move out of the through hole on the hanging ear plate of the ballast weight (1). The ballast weight (1) falls off under the action of gravity, and the ballast weight abandonment is completed. Active emergency working condition: When the manned submersible cannot continue to perform the operation task due to a non-power supply fault, the same operation steps as in the above normal working condition are adopted to complete the abandonment of the ballast weight (1). When the manned submersible is unable to continue its operation due to a power supply failure, the operator operates the manual hydraulic pump (8) to press the hydraulic oil (21) in the pump body into the sealed space of the oil cylinder (4) through the oil pipe (6). The hydraulic energy is used to drive the piston (3) to move, and finally drive the sliding release pin (11) out of the through hole on the hanging ear plate of the ballast weight (1). The ballast weight (1) falls off under the action of gravity, completing the abandonment of the ballast weight (1). Passive emergency condition: When the manned submersible is performing an operation near the maximum working depth and suddenly drops rapidly due to a sudden change in water environment parameters, when the water environment pressure reaches the set safety value, the sliding limit pin (19) moves along the axis of the induction chamber (17) towards the side of the induction spring (18) under the combined action of the water environment pressure and the induction spring (18). The sliding limit pin (19) moves out of the limit groove of the sliding release pin (11), and the sliding release pin (11) instantaneously moves out of the through hole on the hanging ear plate of the ballast weight (1) under the action of the energy storage spring (12). The ballast weight (1) falls off under the action of gravity, completing the abandonment of the ballast weight (1).

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