A porous material with both adsorption and fluorescence properties, its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention provides a porous material with both adsorption and fluorescence properties, and its preparation method and application, belonging to the synthesis technical field of porous materials and fluorescent materials. The present invention uses tribenzimidazole, hydroxytetraphenylethylene and difluoroaromatic monomers as raw materials, and undergoes a nucleophilic substitution reaction in a certain proportion to prepare a class of porous materials with both high-efficiency adsorption and fluorescence detection performance. On the one hand, the interaction force between the porous material and the adsorbed substance can achieve its high-efficiency adsorption of difficult-to-remove pollutants such as nitro explosives and organic solvents; on the other hand, the presence of the tetraphenylethylene fluorescent group in the material can achieve its fluorescence detection of nitro explosives. The porous material provided by the present invention has the characteristics of large adsorption capacity, short equilibrium time, short fluorescence quenching time, low detection limit and good recyclability. Its preparation method is simple, with low cost and high yield, meeting the requirements of practical applications and being suitable for industrial production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of synthesis of porous materials, and particularly relates to a porous material with both adsorption and fluorescence detection properties, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Nitro explosives have caused many adverse effects on safety, the environment, and health. There is a need for micro-trace detection of nitro explosives and removal of pollutants in fields such as non-metallic landmine detection and environmental quality monitoring.

[0003] During the production and use of organic solvents, there are leakage phenomena, and the large emissions of these substances in industrial production seriously threaten the safety of organisms on the earth. Therefore, the problem of organic solvent pollution needs to be solved urgently. How to remove the pollution of organic solvents is a major problem faced by environmental protection and human health.

[0004] For the treatment of the pollution of the above-mentioned nitro explosives and organic solvents, these substances can be removed by adsorption, which is a relatively economical and green method. It is of great significance for the protection of organisms and the natural environment. Therefore, adsorption materials and their efficient adsorption have gradually become one of the research hotspots. At the same time, the detection of nitro explosives represented by trinitrotoluene has also become the focus of attention of governments of various countries.

[0005] Existing research has carried out trace detection of nitro explosives and achieved certain results. For example, patent document CN103739555 B discloses a chemical sensor for fluorescence quenching detection of nitroaromatic explosives and a preparation method thereof. It uses tris(benzimidazole)benzene, halogenated hydrocarbons, etc. as raw materials, and through simple and feasible steps such as N-alkylation substitution, synthesizes a fluorescence chemical sensor with high selectivity and high sensitivity for detecting explosive nitroaromatic compounds (especially picric acid). It can visually detect picric acid under ultraviolet light in a fluorescence quenching solution and in a solid state. However, the steps for preparing the chemical sensor by this patent method are relatively complex, and the detection means are also relatively complex. At the same time, this chemical sensor cannot be used for the adsorption and removal of nitro explosives.

[0006] Patent document CN 107782707 B discloses the application of tribenzothiazolyl benzene in the fluorescence detection of nitroaromatic explosives. It uses tribenzothiazolyl benzene as a trace fluorescence detection reagent in the detection of nitroaromatic explosives including 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, 4-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 4-nitrotoluene, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, nitrobenzene or 4-nitrobenzoic acid. The fluorescence of tribenzothiazolyl benzene can be significantly quenched, and it has good fluorescence detection effects on typical nitroaromatic explosives. This patented method has the advantages of low detection limit and short response time, and can achieve a response within 5 seconds, and can well perform the trace detection of nitroaromatic explosives. However, this method still cannot be used for the adsorption and removal of nitro explosives and the removal of organic solvents.

[0007] Regarding the adsorption and removal of organic solvents, although a large number of studies have been carried out, and it has been shown that porous materials such as activated carbon, macroporous adsorption resins, and biochar can be preferably used for the adsorption and removal of organic solvents, few of them can be used for the adsorption and removal of nitro explosives. Even if there are porous materials that can be used for the small amount of adsorption of nitro explosives, they cannot effectively achieve the detection of trace nitro explosives. Therefore, at present, how to efficiently adsorb and remove nitro explosives and organic solvents while simultaneously achieving accurate and rapid detection of trace nitro explosives has become a major technical problem.

[0008] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a porous material with both adsorption and fluorescence detection properties, which can be used for the efficient adsorption and removal of nitro explosives and organic solvents, and can be well used for the detection of trace nitro explosives. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above technical problems, and thus provide a porous material with both adsorption and fluorescence characteristics, its preparation method and application. One of the technical purposes of the present invention is to provide a porous material with both adsorption and detection properties, which can efficiently adsorb nitro explosives and organic solvents and perform fluorescence detection on nitro explosives; the second technical purpose of the present invention is to provide a preparation method for an adsorbent and a detector that have high adsorption and detection capabilities for nitro explosives and organic solvents, etc.; the third technical purpose of the present invention is to provide the application of such porous materials in efficient adsorption and sensitive detection.

[0010] In order to achieve the above technical purposes, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0011] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a porous material with both adsorption and fluorescence properties. This material contains tribenzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups, and its structural general formula is shown as the following formula <Ⅰ> or formula <Ⅱ>:

[0012]

[0013] In formula <Ⅰ> and formula <Ⅱ>, R can be

[0014] It should be noted that in the above-mentioned porous material of the present invention, the R group in the chemical formula is not limited to the two substituents listed above, and other derivative substituents are also feasible, and can also have the adsorption and fluorescence properties of the present invention and can be used in the related applications of the present invention.

[0015] Specifically, the above-mentioned porous material with both adsorption and fluorescence properties provided by the present invention has any one of the following structures:

[0016]

[0017]

[0018] The porous materials with the above four structural formulas provided by the present invention all contain tribenzimidazole groups and tetraphenylethylene groups. Therefore, this porous material is both a porous high-efficiency adsorbent and a fluorescence detection agent. Benzimidazole is a typical heteroaromatic system, which can form dipole-π interaction and π-π interaction with nitro explosives to achieve the adsorption of nitro explosives; tetraphenylethylene is a typical aggregation-induced emission group, which can achieve the detection of nitro explosives. At the same time, the dipole-π interaction and π-π interaction between benzimidazole and nitro explosives can further improve the detection efficiency of nitro explosives. In addition, based on the porosity of the material itself, the porous material can also be well used for adsorbing and removing organic solvents.

[0019] Therefore, the above-mentioned porous material with both adsorption and detection properties provided by the present invention can, while detecting the content of nitro explosives and organic solvents, also perform adsorption treatment on the excessive substances, effectively reducing the harm of pollutants to the surrounding environment. This characteristic is extremely difficult to achieve in existing porous materials.

[0020] In the second aspect, the present invention provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned porous material, which includes the following steps:

[0021] (1) Under the protection of an inert gas, dissolve tribenzimidazole monomer, hydroxytetraphenylethylene monomer and difluoroaromatic monomer in an organic solvent in a certain proportion, add an alkali catalyst to the solution, and carry out a nucleophilic substitution reaction after heating to the reaction temperature;

[0022] (2) After the reaction is complete, filter to obtain the crude product, wash the crude product with distilled water, and dry it to obtain the porous material containing benzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups.

[0023] The preparation method of the porous material containing tribenzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups provided by the present invention has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, high yield, meeting the requirements of practical applications, and being suitable for industrial promotion.

[0024] Furthermore, the structural formula of the difluoroaromatic monomer in step (1) is as shown in the following formula <Ⅲ>:

[0025]

[0026] wherein, R is

[0027] Furthermore, the feeding ratio of the tribenzimidazole monomer, hydroxytetraphenylethylene monomer and difluoroaromatic monomer in step (1) is such that the sum of the H content on N in the tribenzimidazole monomer and the H content on the hydroxyl group in the hydroxytetraphenylethylene monomer is equal to the F content in the difluoroaromatic monomer. Specifically, according to the requirements of the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the monomer ratio in the present invention can be 2:1 - 2:4 - 7 by weight.

[0028] Furthermore, the organic solvent in step (1) is a high-boiling solvent that can dissolve the monomer raw materials, including sulfolane.

[0029] Furthermore, the base catalyst in step (1) includes potassium carbonate, and its dosage is 2 - 3 times the molar amount of tribenzimidazole. Preferably, an acid-binding agent is added to the base catalyst, and the acid-binding agent is calcium carbonate. The purpose of the acid-binding agent is to remove the HF generated in the reaction, so its addition amount is 1.1 - 1.5 times the amount of the generated hydrogen fluoride in terms of the amount of substance.

[0030] Furthermore, the reaction temperature after heating in step (1) is 160 - 220 °C, and the reaction time is 6 - 10 hours.

[0031] Furthermore, the drying method in step (2) includes freeze-drying or supercritical drying.

[0032] In the third aspect, the present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned porous material containing tribenzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups, which is to use the porous material containing benzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups as an adsorbent and a detector for adsorbing nitro explosives and organic solvents and for detecting nitro explosives. The porous material provided by the present invention can efficiently adsorb nitro explosives and organic solvents and fluorescence-detect nitro explosives, and it has the characteristics of large adsorption capacity, short equilibrium time, short fluorescence quenching time, low detection limit, and good recyclability, and its application effect is extremely excellent.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0034] (1) The present invention provides a porous material containing tribenzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups. The benzimidazole therein can form dipole-π interaction and π-π interaction with nitro explosives to achieve the adsorption of nitro explosive pollutants. Tetraphenylethylene is a typical aggregation-induced emission group, which can realize the detection of nitro explosives. At the same time, the dipole-π interaction and π-π interaction between benzimidazole and nitro explosives can further improve the detection efficiency of nitro explosives. In addition, based on the porosity of the material itself, the porous material can also efficiently adsorb organic solvents;

[0035] (2) The porous material containing tribenzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups provided by the present invention has the characteristics of large adsorption capacity, short equilibrium time, short fluorescence quenching time, low detection limit, and good recycling performance;

[0036] (3) The preparation method of the porous material containing benzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups provided by the present invention has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, and high product yield, meets the requirements of practical applications, and is suitable for industrial promotion. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be specifically described below in conjunction with embodiments. It is necessary to point out that the following embodiments are only used to explain and illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Some non-essential improvements and adjustments made by those skilled in the art based on the above-mentioned invention content still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] A preparation method of a porous material containing tribenzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups includes the following steps:

[0040] Under N2 protection, tribenzimidazole monomer, tetrahydroxytetraphenylethylene monomer and 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone are dissolved in sulfolane in a molar ratio of 2:2:7. Potassium carbonate and calcium carbonate are added to the reaction system (potassium carbonate is used as a catalyst, and its addition amount is 2 times the molar amount of tribenzimidazole; calcium carbonate is used as an acid-binding agent. HF will be generated in the reaction. Adding calcium carbonate makes it react with HF. With the reduction of HF, the reaction proceeds forward to the right, increasing the yield and the crosslinking degree of the product. The addition amount of calcium carbonate is determined according to the amount of HF generated and is slightly in excess of HF. Here, it is 1.1 times the molar amount of HF generated). The mixture is heated to 190 °C and reacted for 8 hours. After filtration and repeated washing with distilled water, the product is freeze-dried for 48 hours to obtain a porous material-I containing benzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups (the yield is over 98%). The reaction formula involved in this step is as follows:

[0041]

[0042] The porous material - Ⅰ containing benzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups obtained by the above method was used for the adsorption experiment of trinitrotoluene and organic solvents and the fluorescence detection experiment of trinitrotoluene.

[0043] The adsorption experiment method is as follows:

[0044] 1. Solvent adsorption experiment: Weigh the porous material with a weight of m0, put the porous material into the solvent, filter it after adsorption equilibrium, and weigh the weight m of the porous material after adsorbing the solvent. a . Calculate the adsorption amount of the porous material for the solvent using the formula. The adsorption amount calculation formula is as follows:

[0045]

[0046] In the formula: Q is the adsorption amount (g / g); m0 and m a are the masses (g) of the porous material before and after adsorption, respectively.

[0047] 2. Trinitrotoluene adsorption experiment: First, test the relationship between the absorbance and the concentration of trinitrotoluene under an ultraviolet - visible spectrophotometer by the sodium sulfite spectrophotometry method, and draw the standard curve of the trinitrotoluene solution concentration. At room temperature, trinitrotoluene reacts with sodium sulfite to form sodium trinitrotoluene. This complex is yellow and has a characteristic absorption peak at a wavelength of 415 nm. Within a certain concentration range, the concentration of trinitrotoluene and the absorbance value follow Lambert - Beer's law. The specific analysis steps are as follows. Add 0.5 mL of trinitrotoluene solutions with different concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.50, 3.75, 5.00, 6.25, 7.50 mg / L), sulfuric acid solution (3.00 mL, 5.4 mol / L), and Na2SO3 solution (5.00 mL, 200 g / L) into a glass bottle. Dilute the mixture solution to 20 mL with deionized water and mix evenly. After 15 minutes, use water as the background to measure the absorbance A of the solution. Plot A against the trinitrotoluene content (mg / L) to obtain the linear relationship graph between the two, and fit to obtain the relevant equation. (The concentration of trinitrotoluene is calculated by this formula after measuring the absorbance)

[0048] Prepare a trinitrotoluene solution with a concentration of C0, weigh the porous material with a mass of W, place the polymer in the trinitrotoluene solution and stir continuously until adsorption equilibrium, and measure the concentration of trinitrotoluene after adsorption equilibrium as C e . Calculate the adsorption amount q of the porous material for trinitrotoluene using the relevant formula e , and the adsorption amount calculation formula is as follows:

[0049]

[0050] wherein, q e (mg / g) is the adsorption capacity of the porous material for trinitrotoluene, C0 (mg / L) and C e (mg / L) are the concentrations of trinitrotoluene before and at the adsorption equilibrium, respectively; V (mL) is the volume of the trinitrotoluene solution; W (g) is the mass of the porous material.

[0051] 3. The fluorescence detection experimental method is as follows:

[0052] The detection performance of the porous material for trinitrotoluene was tested using a suspension of the porous material, which was prepared by weighing 0.1 g of the porous material powder and dispersing it in 2000 mL of water. A series of trinitrotoluene concentration gradients (0.1 - 100 mg / L) were set for testing. In the quenching experiment, 2 mL of the porous material suspension was mixed with 2 mL of the trinitrotoluene aqueous solution, and then the fluorescence intensity was measured.

[0053] The detection limit refers to the corresponding amount of 3 times the instrument background signal generated by the matrix blank, or the average value of the background signal generated by the matrix blank plus 3 times the standard deviation of the mean. The Stern-Volmer equation for the quenching process is as follows:

[0054] I0 / I = 1 + K SV [Q];

[0055] The calculation method of the detection limit is as follows:

[0056] C L = 3S / K SV ;

[0057] where I0 is the initial fluorescence intensity of the porous material before adding trinitrotoluene, I is the fluorescence intensity after adding trinitrotoluene and fully responding, [Q] is the concentration of the detected trinitrotoluene, Ksv is the Stern-Volmer constant, and C L is the detection limit of the porous material, and S is the standard deviation of 15 blank samples.

[0058] The porous material - I containing benzotriazole and tetraphenylethylene groups obtained by the above method was used for the adsorption experiment of nitro explosives and organic solvents and the fluorescence detection experiment of nitro explosives.

[0059] The results of the adsorption experiment show that: the adsorption capacity of the porous material-I containing tribenzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups for 200 mg / L trinitrotoluene solution is 249.2 mg / L; the adsorption capacity for chloroform is 25.61 g / g, for phenol is 20.43 g / g, for dichloromethane is 25.33 g / g, for aniline is 20.48 g / g, for bromobenzene is 18.69 g / g, for tetrahydrofuran is 14.32 g / g, and for benzene is 8.70 g / g.

[0060] The results of the fluorescence detection experiment show that: the quenching time for trinitrotoluene is 85 s, and the detection limit is 7.417×10 - 5 mol / L. For the porous material-I containing benzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups with a concentration within 100 mg / L, the quenching efficiency for trinitrotoluene is greater than 95%.

[0061] Meanwhile, the porous material-I containing benzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups exhibits good recyclability. After 5 cycles, there is no obvious change in the adsorption capacity and fluorescence detection performance.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] A preparation method of a porous material containing tribenzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups includes the following steps:

[0064] Under N2 protection, dissolve tribenzimidazole monomer, dihydroxytetraphenylethylene monomer and 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone in sulfolane at a molar ratio of 2:1:4. Add potassium carbonate and calcium carbonate to the system (the addition amount of potassium carbonate is 3 times the molar amount of tribenzimidazole; the addition amount of calcium carbonate is 1.2 times the molar amount of generated HF), and heat to 210 °C and react for 10 hours. Filter and wash repeatedly with distilled water, and freeze-dry the product for 48 hours to obtain the porous material-II containing tribenzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups (the yield is over 96%). The reaction formula involved in this step is as follows:

[0065]

[0066] Use the porous material-II containing tribenzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups obtained by the above method for the adsorption experiment of nitro explosives and organic solvents and the fluorescence detection experiment of nitro explosives. The adsorption experiment method and fluorescence detection method are the same as those in Example I.

[0067] The results of the adsorption experiment show that: the adsorption capacity of Polymer - II containing tribenzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups for 200 mg / L trinitrotoluene solution is 236.82 mg / L; the adsorption capacity for chloroform is 24.35 g / g, for phenol is 19.32 g / g, for dichloromethane is 24.57 g / g, for aniline is 18.95 g / g, for bromobenzene is 17.43 g / g, for tetrahydrofuran is 13.67 g / g, and for benzene is 7.98 g / g.

[0068] The results of the fluorescence detection experiment show that: the quenching time for trinitrotoluene is 96 s, and the detection limit is 8.254×10 - 5 mol / L. For the porous material - II containing benzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups with a concentration within 100 mg / L, the quenching efficiency for trinitrotoluene is greater than 95%.

[0069] Meanwhile, the porous material - II containing tribenzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups exhibits good recyclability. After 5 cycles, there is no obvious change in the adsorption capacity and fluorescence detection performance.

[0070] Example 3

[0071] A preparation method of a porous material containing tribenzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups includes the following steps:

[0072] Under N2 protection, dissolve tribenzimidazole monomer, tetrahydroxytetraphenylethylene monomer and 4,4'-difluorodiphenyl sulfone in sulfolane at a molar ratio of 2:2:7. Add potassium carbonate and calcium carbonate to the system (the addition amount of potassium carbonate is 2.5 times the molar amount of tribenzimidazole; the addition amount of calcium carbonate is 1.3 times the molar amount of the generated HF), and heat to 180 °C and react for 7 hours. Filter and wash repeatedly with distilled water, and freeze - dry the product for 48 hours to obtain the porous material - III containing tribenzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups (the yield is over 98%); the reaction formula involved in this step is as follows:

[0073]

[0074] Use the porous material - III containing tribenzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups obtained by the above method for the adsorption experiment of nitro explosives and organic solvents and the fluorescence detection experiment of nitro explosives.

[0075] The results of the adsorption experiment show that: the adsorption capacity of the porous material - Ⅲ containing tribenzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups for a 200 mg / L trinitrotoluene solution is 237.8 mg / L; the adsorption capacity for chloroform is 24.34 g / g, for phenol is 20.12 g / g, for dichloromethane is 24.83 g / g, for aniline is 20.32 g / g, for bromobenzene is 17.45 g / g, for tetrahydrofuran is 13.96 g / g, and for benzene is 8.65 g / g.

[0076] The results of the fluorescence detection experiment show that: the quenching time for trinitrotoluene is 88 s, and the detection limit is 7.231×10 - 5 mol / L. For the porous material - Ⅲ containing tribenzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups with a concentration within 100 mg / L, the quenching efficiency for trinitrotoluene is greater than 95%.

[0077] Meanwhile, the porous material - Ⅲ containing tribenzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups exhibits good recyclability. After 5 cycles, there is no obvious change in the adsorption capacity and fluorescence detection performance.

[0078] Example 4

[0079] A preparation method of a porous material containing tribenzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups includes the following steps:

[0080] Under N2 protection, dissolve tribenzimidazole monomer, dihydroxytetraphenylethylene monomer, and 4,4'-difluorodiphenyl sulfone in sulfolane at a molar ratio of 2:1:4. Add potassium carbonate and calcium carbonate to the system (the addition amount of potassium carbonate is 3 times the molar amount of tribenzimidazole; the addition amount of calcium carbonate is 1.2 times the molar amount of the generated HF), and heat to 200 °C for 9 hours of continuous reaction. Filter and wash repeatedly with distilled water, and freeze-dry the product for 48 hours to obtain the porous material - Ⅳ containing benzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups (the yield is over 97%); the reaction formula involved in this step is as follows:

[0081]

[0082] Use the porous material - Ⅳ containing tribenzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups obtained by the above method for the adsorption experiments of nitro explosives and organic solvents and the fluorescence detection experiment of nitro explosives. The adsorption experiment method and fluorescence detection method are the same as those in Example Ⅰ.

[0083] The results of the adsorption experiment show that: the adsorption capacity of the porous material - Ⅳ containing tribenzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups for 200 mg / L trinitrotoluene solution is 229.97 mg / L; the adsorption capacity for chloroform is 23.54 g / g, for phenol is 18.89 g / g, for dichloromethane is 23.65 g / g, for aniline is 17.67 g / g, for bromobenzene is 17.06 g / g, for tetrahydrofuran is 12.96 g / g, and for benzene is 7.65 g / g.

[0084] The results of the fluorescence detection experiment show that: the quenching time for trinitrotoluene is 100 s, and the detection limit is 8.546×10 -5 mol / L. For the porous material - Ⅳ containing tribenzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups with a concentration within 100 mg / L, the quenching efficiency for trinitrotoluene is greater than 95%.

[0085] Meanwhile, the porous material - Ⅳ containing benzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups exhibits good recyclability. After 5 cycles, there is no obvious change in the adsorption capacity and fluorescence detection performance.

Claims

1. A porous material with both adsorption and fluorescence properties, characterized in that, The chemical structural formula of the porous material is as shown in the following formula <Ⅰ> or formula <Ⅱ>: Among them, the R group is selected from 2. A method for preparing a porous material having both adsorption and fluorescence properties as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: (1) Under the protection of an inert gas, mix and dissolve a tribenzimidazole monomer, a hydroxytetraphenylethylene monomer, and a difluoroaromatic monomer in an organic solvent in a certain feeding ratio. Add a base catalyst to the mixed solution, and carry out a nucleophilic substitution reaction after raising the temperature to the reaction temperature; (2) After the reaction is complete, filter to obtain a crude product, wash the crude product with distilled water, and dry it to obtain a compound containing tribenzimidazole and tetraphenylethylene groups, which is the porous material; Among them, the chemical equations of the reaction include the following four: Reaction formula (1) Reaction formula (2) Reaction formula (3) Reaction formula (4).

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (1), the feeding ratio of the tribenzimidazole monomer, the hydroxytetraphenylethylene monomer, and the difluoroaromatic monomer is such that the sum of the H content on the N in the tribenzimidazole monomer and the H content in the hydroxyl group in the hydroxytetraphenylethylene monomer is equal to the F content in the difluoroaromatic monomer.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (1), the feeding ratio of the tribenzimidazole monomer, the hydroxytetraphenylethylene monomer, and the difluoroaromatic monomer is 2:1 - 2:4 - 7 by weight.

5. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The organic solvent in step (1) is sulfolane.

6. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein The base catalyst in step (1) is potassium carbonate, and its dosage is 2 - 3 times the molar amount of tribenzimidazole.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, A deacidifying agent is also added to the base catalyst in step (1). The deacidifying agent is calcium carbonate, and its addition amount is 1.1 - 1.5 times the molar amount of the generated hydrogen fluoride.

8. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reaction temperature in step (1) is 160 - 220 °C, and the reaction time is 6 - 10 hours.

9. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein The drying method in step (2) is freeze drying or supercritical drying.

10. Use of a porous material having both adsorption and fluorescence properties as described in claim 1 or a porous material having both adsorption and fluorescence properties prepared by the method described in any one of claims 2-9, characterized in that, The application is to use the porous material as an adsorbent to adsorb and remove nitro explosives and / or organic solvents.

11. Use of a porous material having both adsorption and fluorescence properties as described in claim 1 or a porous material having both adsorption and fluorescence properties prepared by the method according to any one of claims 2-8, characterized in that, The application is to use the porous material as a fluorescence detection agent to detect nitro explosives.

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