A comprehensive model test bench for a pumped storage power station and a deep pumping station and its usage method

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive model test bench for a pumped-storage power station and a deep pumping station and a using method thereof. Aiming at different operation modes of power generation and pumping of the pumped-storage power station, it can realize the observation of harmful flow patterns inside the upper and lower reservoirs, the observation of the internal operation state of the surge tank, and the observation of the operation state of the energy storage unit under various different flow rates and pressure conditions; for the deep pumping station, it can realize the observation of harmful flow patterns inside the intake sump under different numbers of operating pump sets, different flow rates and flow velocities; for the bifurcated pipe component, it can realize the observation of the internal flow pattern of the bifurcated pipe and the observation and analysis of its fluid-structure coupling stress under different external shapes of the bifurcated pipe components, different flow rates and flow velocity parameters. Finally, it realizes the flexible switching of various motion states of the comprehensive model test bench for the pumped-storage power station and the deep pumping station, and various physical parameters can be instantaneously controlled, greatly expanding the research field of the test bench and improving its comprehensive utilization value, and realizing the high academic value of the test bench.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of model tests for pumped-storage power stations and deep pumping stations, and particularly relates to a comprehensive model test bench for pumped-storage power stations and deep pumping stations and a using method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With China's dual-carbon commitment to the world and the grand plan of China's "3060 goal (striving to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060)", energy storage technology and its contribution to the security of China's energy structure have been in a prominent position. For a long time starting from now, the actual demand for the development and construction of pumped-storage power stations in China is becoming increasingly strong. At the same time, as the large-scale energy storage technology with the most mature existing technology, it has particularly great significance for major strategic needs such as the security of China's modern power system and the transformation of China's energy structure.

[0003] This brand-new form of pumping station, the deep pumping station, is still in the early stage of development in terms of design, planning, construction, and operation. The construction of deep pumping stations in China is still in its infancy, and the understanding of related engineering problems and scientific problems is still very insufficient. Due to its differences from traditional pumping stations in many aspects (such as whether the intake pool is closed, different vortex-induced forces, pool body combination forms, etc.), the design theory of traditional pumping stations is no longer applicable. Therefore, it is of great significance to summarize and induce the corresponding design theory and rules of deep pumping stations through experiments for their actual engineering construction.

[0004] The internal flow, component stress distribution, and internal flow energy loss of the bifurcation pipe component in the hydraulic system are of great significance for the safe and efficient operation of the system where it is located. However, the current research on the hydraulic performance of the bifurcation pipe component and the structural stress changes caused by hydraulic factors is still very insufficient, especially the first-hand actual measurement experimental data, which is of great significance for the geometric shape design of the bifurcation pipe in engineering practice and also for the safe and efficient operation of the hydraulic engineering system with a bifurcation pipe.

[0005] The geometric parameters of the test bench of this patent are obtained through strict conversion by the fluid mechanics similarity theory by referring to numerous relevant engineering practices at home and abroad. Later, various geometric parameters can also be adjusted within a wide range through the fluid mechanics similarity theory to meet different research requirements. For the purpose of filling the domestic gap in the model test bench for pumped-storage power stations combined with deep pumping stations and being able to study the internal flow state of the bifurcation pipe simultaneously, a comprehensive test control and observation system is developed under three operating models of a pumped-storage power station, a deep pumping station pump group in parallel with adjustable quantity, and a three-way pipe of a hydraulic engineering, where the flow rate, flow velocity, and water level can be adjusted instantaneously.

[0006] The parallel connection and adjustable quantity of the pump sets in the deep pumping station of this device mean that: the quantity of the pump sets in the model test of the deep pumping station actually participating in operation can be realized by closing and opening the corresponding pump sets and the valves of the pump sets, and finally, different requirements for the quantity of the pump sets, the pipeline flow rate, and the flow velocity can be achieved. In the later stage, more pump sets can be connected by changing the number of branch pipeline connection ports, so as to realize the parallel connection of at least two pump sets, or the parallel connection of at least two pump sets, and the operating condition that the third pump set is in series with one of the parallel pump sets. The adjustable flow rate and flow velocity mean that: different flow rates in the pipeline can be realized by adjusting the opening and closing degree of the valves and the operating speed of the energy storage unit or the operating speed of the deep pump sets, and then different flow velocities can be realized. The adjustable water level means that: the water quantity in the entire experimental system can be realized through the water inlet and outlet at the geometric lowest point of the entire system, and then the water level planes in the upper and lower reservoirs can be adjusted by adjusting the valves and the operating states of the units in the experimental system. The above several situations achieve the controllability of the entire test system. The observability of the entire test system means that: the camera, PIV equipment, etc. can be used to photograph and record the flow phenomenon and conduct non-contact measurement through the high-strength and high-transparency acrylic materials on the relevant model walls. The test system of this patent is convenient to operate, flexible in operation, and has very low interference from external factors to the test results. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present invention aims to provide a comprehensive model test bench for a pumped-storage power station and a deep pumping station for experimental purposes with flexible operating states, and a usage method. According to the usage method, instant adjustment of various different working conditions can be realized, especially relating to a test control and observation system for a pumped-storage power station, the parallel connection and adjustable quantity of the pump sets in the deep pumping station, and three operating models of a hydraulic engineering three-way pipe, with the flow rate, flow velocity, and water level being instantaneously adjustable.

[0008] In order to solve the technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0009] A comprehensive model test bench for a pumped-storage power station and a deep pumping station, the test bench includes: an upper reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station and a lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station that also serves as the main pool body of the deep pumping station; a set of energy storage unit models is arranged upstream and near the upper side of the lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station that also serves as the main pool body of the deep pumping station, and two sets of deep pumping station pump sets and a three-way pipe model and a main pipeline of the deep pumping station upstream thereof are arranged near the lower side; a surge tank, a high-pressure pipeline model of the pumped-storage power station, and a loop bifurcation pipeline of the deep pumping station are arranged downstream of the upper reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station.

[0010] The upper reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station is connected to the bifurcated pipeline of the deep pump station circuit near the lower side and then connected to the main pipeline of the deep pump station. The main pipeline of the deep pump station is connected to the three-way pipe model. The three-way pipe model is connected to two sets of deep pump station pump groups and then connected to the lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station, which also serves as the main pool body of the deep pump station. The upper reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station is connected to the high-pressure pipeline model of the pumped-storage power station near the lower side and then connected to the energy storage unit model. The surge tank is installed in the horizontal section of the high-pressure pipeline model of the pumped-storage power station.

[0011] One end of a circulation pipeline is connected to the bottom of the lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station, which also serves as the main pool body of the deep pump station. The other end of the circulation pipeline is divided into a first pipeline and a second pipeline. After a system circulation pump group is installed on the first pipeline, it is connected to the upper reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station. The second pipeline is connected to the bottom of the upper reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station through a valve installed below the upper reservoir.

[0012] Furthermore, left-right and up-down double guide grids are installed in the upper reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station, and the upper reservoir model pool body is divided into a first space and a second space. Left-right and up-down double guide grids are installed in the lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station, which also serves as the main pool body of the deep pump station, and the lower reservoir model pool body is divided into a third space and a fourth space. The first pipeline is connected to the first space of the upper reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station, and the second pipeline is connected to the bottom of the first space of the upper reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station. The circulation pipeline is connected to the bottom of the fourth space.

[0013] Furthermore, a system circulation loop valve is installed on the horizontal section of the circulation pipeline near the lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station, which also serves as the main pool body of the deep pump station.

[0014] Furthermore, a surge tank valve is installed between the surge tank and the horizontal section of the high-pressure pipeline model of the pumped-storage power station. A high-pressure pipeline valve is installed between the high-pressure pipeline model of the pumped-storage power station and the energy storage unit model. A deep pump station pipeline valve is installed between the deep pump station pump group and the lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station, which also serves as the main pool body of the deep pump station.

[0015] Furthermore, the second space of the upper reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station is in the form of a contraction flow channel near the water outlet side. In the third space of the lower reservoir, a water flow isolation guide pier is arranged between the connection port of the energy storage unit model and the deep pump station pump group to separate the water flow, and the outer shape of the model side wall on the side of the energy storage unit model is of a diffusive type.

[0016] A comprehensive model test bench for a pumped-storage power station and a deep pumping station. The water filling process of the entire test bench is as follows: The inlet and outlet are set at the lowest point of the pipeline of the entire test bench. At the lowest point of the elbow of the draft tube of the energy storage unit model, when the test bench is filled with water, the water treated by the water purifier is added to the test bench through this port. At this time, the water level in the model pool of the lower reservoir of the pumped-storage power station, which also serves as the main pool of the deep pumping station, gradually rises. When the water level in the model pool of the lower reservoir of the pumped-storage power station, which also serves as the main pool of the deep pumping station, reaches a certain height, the valves of the deep pumping station pipeline and the pump group of the deep pumping station are closed, and the valves of the system circulation loop and the system circulation pump group are opened to gradually pump the water in the model pool of the lower reservoir of the pumped-storage power station, which also serves as the main pool of the deep pumping station, to the model pool of the upper reservoir of the pumped-storage power station. During this process, the valves of the surge chamber and the high-pressure pipeline are closed. When the water volumes in the model pool of the upper reservoir of the pumped-storage power station and the model pool of the lower reservoir of the pumped-storage power station, which also serves as the main pool of the deep pumping station, meet the corresponding experimental requirements, the water filling from the lowest point of the elbow of the draft tube of the energy storage unit model is stopped, the valve here is closed, the valves of the system circulation loop and the system circulation pump group are closed, and then different working condition tests can be started.

[0017] Furthermore, the different working condition tests include: pumped-storage working condition, deep pumping station working condition, and hydraulic performance working condition test of the wye pipe.

[0018] Furthermore, the specific pumped-storage operation condition is as follows: Open the surge tank valve and the high-pressure pipeline valve connected to the high-pressure pipeline model of the pumped-storage power station, so that the water flow in the upper reservoir model pool of the pumped-storage power station flows through the high-pressure pipeline model of the pumped-storage power station and the energy storage unit model, and finally reaches the lower reservoir model pool of the pumped-storage power station, which also serves as the main pool of the deep pumping station. At the same time, install a flowmeter in the horizontal section of the high-pressure pipeline model of the pumped-storage power station to obtain real-time flow information, and immediately measure the output of the energy storage unit model by connecting a dynamometer to the energy storage unit model; during this process, keep the pipeline valve of the deep pumping station closed, open the system circulation pump group and the system circulation loop valve, and adjust the flow rate by connecting a frequency converter to the system circulation pump group, so that the flow rate of the system circulation pump group is the same as the flow rate of the high-pressure pipeline model of the pumped-storage power station. At this time, the pumped-storage operation condition loop is connected, that is, the water flow passes through the upper reservoir model pool of the pumped-storage power station, the high-pressure pipeline model of the pumped-storage power station, the energy storage unit model, the lower reservoir model pool of the pumped-storage power station, which also serves as the main pool of the deep pumping station, the circulation pipeline, and the circulation pump group in sequence, and finally returns to the upper reservoir model pool of the pumped-storage power station; during this process, the water flows in the upper reservoir model pool of the pumped-storage power station and the lower reservoir model pool of the pumped-storage power station, which also serves as the main pool of the deep pumping station, achieve a smooth water flow effect through the left, right, upper, and lower double guide grilles in the upper reservoir and the left, right, upper, and lower double guide grilles in the lower reservoir. One layer of the left, right, upper, and lower double guide grilles in the upper reservoir or the left, right, upper, and lower double guide grilles in the lower reservoir is a vertical rectangular hole, and one layer is a circular hole, achieving a stable water flow effect in the left-right direction and the up-down direction respectively; in addition, during this process, the pressure mutation during the operation of the high-pressure pipeline model of the pumped-storage power station and the pipeline is adjusted through the surge tank, making the pressure change relatively stable during the operation; during this process, through the observation windows reserved on both sides and the bottom surface of the upper reservoir model pool of the pumped-storage power station, and the observation windows on both sides of the lower reservoir model pool of the pumped-storage power station, which also serves as the main pool of the deep pumping station, quartz glass or high-transparency and high-strength acrylic plates are installed to carry out the shooting and observation of various test phenomena. The cross-section of the above acrylic material is designed as a convex platform shape, and the convex platform is geometrically matched with the wall material of the test bench. Finally, the acrylic material plane of the convex platform fits well with the inner wall height of the system wall, without affecting the internal flow.

[0019] Further, the specific conditions of the deep pumping station are as follows: close the surge tank valve and the high-pressure pipeline valve, and at the same time close the energy storage unit model and the circulation loop valve and the circulation loop pump unit; open the deep pumping station pipeline valve and the deep pumping station pump unit, and send the water flow in the lower reservoir model pool of the pumped storage power station, which also serves as the main pool of the deep pumping station, to the upper reservoir model pool of the pumped storage power station. At the same time, install a flow measurement device on the main pipeline of the deep pumping station to obtain the flow information immediately; after the water flow is pumped to the upper reservoir model pool of the pumped storage power station by the deep pumping station pump unit, open the valve below the upper reservoir, and the water flow flows back to the lower reservoir model pool of the pumped storage power station, which also serves as the main pool of the deep pumping station, by gravity through the circulation pipeline. After passing through the left-right and up-down double guide grids in the lower reservoir, it enters the lower reservoir model pool of the pumped storage power station, which also serves as the main pool of the deep pumping station. In this way, the loop connection of the deep pumping station conditions is completed, that is, the water flow is pumped in through the deep pumping station pipeline valve and the deep pumping station pump unit, sent to the upper reservoir model pool of the pumped storage power station through the main pipeline of the deep pumping station and the branch pipeline of the deep pumping station loop, and then returned to the lower reservoir model pool of the pumped storage power station, which also serves as the main pool of the deep pumping station, through the valve below the upper reservoir and the circulation loop. By adjusting the opening of the valve below the upper reservoir, the flow rate through the circulation loop can be made the same as the flow rate in the main pipeline of the deep pumping station, so that the model test of the deep pumping station can operate stably. Under the test conditions of the deep pumping station, the shape of the side wall of the lower reservoir on one side of the energy storage unit model is diffused, aiming to obtain a stable flow state, that is, a slower flow rate, so that the inflow flow state of the pump unit is better.

[0020] Further, the specific conditions of the hydraulic performance of the three-way pipe are as follows: close the surge tank valve and the high-pressure pipeline valve, and at the same time close the energy storage unit model, the deep pumping station pump unit, and the valve below the upper reservoir. Open the deep pumping station pipeline valve and the circulation loop pump unit, so that the water flow in the upper reservoir model pool of the pumped storage power station passes through the branch pipeline of the deep pumping station loop, the main pipeline of the deep pumping station, the three-way pipe model, and the deep pumping station pump unit in sequence and finally enters the lower reservoir model pool of the pumped storage power station, which also serves as the main pool of the deep pumping station. Then, by opening the system circulation loop valve and the system circulation pump unit, it returns to the upper reservoir model pool of the pumped storage power station. At this time, the hydraulic performance test of the three-way pipe is completed, that is, a closed loop is formed from the upper reservoir model pool of the pumped storage power station, the branch pipeline of the deep pumping station loop, the main pipeline of the deep pumping station, the three-way pipe model, the deep pumping station pump unit, the lower reservoir model pool of the pumped storage power station, which also serves as the main pool of the deep pumping station, the circulation loop, the system circulation pump unit to the upper reservoir model pool of the pumped storage power station; during this process, by adjusting the deep pumping station pipeline valve and the system circulation loop valve, the two flow rates are made equal to achieve the hydraulic performance test of the three-way pipe under different flow rates. The three-way pipe can be processed into different materials and geometric shapes according to requirements for relevant shooting and measurement work of the internal flow state.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] The present invention relates to a comprehensive model test bench similar to the scientific research field composed of the formation mechanism of harmful flow patterns inside the upper and lower reservoirs under the power generation and pumping conditions of a pumped-storage power station (practical research on engineering), the harmful flow patterns inside the intake sump of a deep pumping station (under different flow rates and flow velocities in the case of multiple pump sets in parallel and series-parallel combinations), and the diversion piers and bifurcated pipe components of a deep pumping station with different geometric parameter shapes (mechanism of internal flow energy loss and distribution of fluid-structure coupling stresses). In particular, it relates to a comprehensive model test bench with adjustable operating states and operating condition parameters of a pumped-storage power station, adjustable number of operating pump sets and operating condition parameters of the pump sets in a deep pumping station, and instantaneously adjustable internal flow parameters of the bifurcated pipe components. It includes: a model pool body of the upper reservoir of a pumped-storage power station, left-right and up-down double guide grids inside the upper reservoir, a surge tank, a surge tank valve, a model of the high-pressure pipeline of a pumped-storage power station, a high-pressure pipeline valve, a model of a storage unit, a model pool body of the lower reservoir of a pumped-storage power station and the main pool body of a deep pumping station, left-right and up-down double guide grids inside the lower reservoir, pipeline valves of the deep pumping station, pump sets of the deep pumping station, a three-way pipe model, the main pipeline of the deep pumping station, a system circulation pump set, a loop bifurcation pipeline of the deep pumping station, system circulation loop valves, and a circulation pipeline, etc. The materials of the comprehensive test bench mainly include: seamless stainless steel pipe units, stainless steel upper and lower reservoir model units, high-transparency and high-strength acrylic observation window units, high-transparency and high-strength acrylic bifurcated pipe units. The test bench system includes: a storage unit, a circulation pump set unit, a deep pump set unit, etc., and can instantaneously measure various physical parameters such as the internal flow patterns of the upper and lower reservoirs, the internal flow patterns of the bifurcated pipes, the internal flow patterns of the storage units, and the relevant external characteristic parameters of the units and pump sets under different flow rates, flow velocities, and water levels. The present invention can realize the observation of harmful flow patterns inside the upper and lower reservoirs, the observation of the operating state inside the surge tank, and the observation of the operating state of the storage units under various different flow rates and pressure conditions for different operating modes of power generation and pumping of a pumped-storage power station; for the deep pumping station, it can realize the observation of harmful flow patterns inside the intake sump under different numbers of operating pump sets, different flow rates, and flow velocities; for the bifurcated pipe components, it can realize the observation of the internal flow patterns of the bifurcated pipes and the observation and analysis of fluid-structure coupling stresses under different shapes of bifurcated pipe components and different flow rate and flow velocity parameters. Finally, it realizes the flexible switching of various motion states of the comprehensive model test bench of a pumped-storage power station and a deep pumping station, the instant control of various physical parameters, greatly expands the research field of the test bench and improves its comprehensive utilization value, and realizes a relatively high academic value of the test bench. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 Overall view of the comprehensive model test bench of a pumped-storage power station and a deep pumping station;

[0024] Figure 2. Overall three-view drawing of the comprehensive model test bench of a pumped-storage power station and a deep pumping station;

[0025] Figure 3 Partial detail drawings of the storage unit and the pump sets;

[0026] Figure 4, the model pool body diagram of the upper reservoir of the pumped - storage power station;

[0027] Figure 5 , the model pool body of the lower reservoir of the pumped - storage power station and the main pool body of the deep - well pump station.

[0028] 1 - the model pool body of the upper reservoir of the pumped - storage power station; 2 - the left - right and up - down double diversion grids inside the upper reservoir; 3 - the surge chamber; 4 - the surge chamber valve; 5 - the model of the high - pressure pipeline of the pumped - storage power station; 6 - the high - pressure pipeline valve; 7 - the model of the energy - storage unit; 8 - the model pool body of the lower reservoir of the pumped - storage power station and the main pool body of the deep - well pump station; 9 - the left - right and up - down double diversion grids inside the lower reservoir; 10 - the deep - well pump station pipeline valve; 11 - the deep - well pump station pump set; 12 - the tee - pipe model; 13 - the main pipeline of the deep - well pump station; 14 - the system circulation pump set; 15 - the deep - well pump station loop bifurcation pipeline; 16 - the system circulation loop valve; 17 - the circulation pipeline; 18 - the valve below the upper reservoir. Detailed implementation manners

[0029] The following describes the detailed implementation manners of the present invention in combination with embodiments:

[0030] It should be noted that the structures, ratios, sizes, etc. shown in this specification are only used to cooperate with the content disclosed in the specification for those who are familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the implementation conditions of the present invention. Any modification of the structure, change of the proportional relationship or adjustment of the size, without affecting the effects that the present invention can produce and the purposes that can be achieved, should still fall within the scope covered by the technical content disclosed in the present invention.

[0031] At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" cited in this specification are only for the convenience of clear narration and are not used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. The change or adjustment of their relative relationships, without substantial change in the technical content, should also be regarded as the scope in which the present invention can be implemented. Embodiment

[0032] As Figure 1 shown in and Figure 2, a comprehensive model test bench for a pumped - storage power station and a deep - well pump station, the test bench includes: the model pool body 1 of the upper reservoir of the pumped - storage power station and the model pool body 8 of the lower reservoir of the pumped - storage power station and the main pool body of the deep - well pump station; a set of energy - storage unit models 7 is arranged upstream and near the upper side of the model pool body 8 of the lower reservoir of the pumped - storage power station and the main pool body of the deep - well pump station, and two sets of deep - well pump station pump sets 11 and the tee - pipe model 12 and the main pipeline 13 of the deep - well pump station upstream thereof are arranged near the lower side; a surge chamber 3, a model 5 of the high - pressure pipeline of the pumped - storage power station and a deep - well pump station loop bifurcation pipeline 15 are arranged downstream of the model pool body 1 of the upper reservoir of the pumped - storage power station;

[0033] The upper reservoir model pool body 1 of the pumped-storage power station is connected to the bifurcated pipeline 15 of the deep pump station loop near the lower side and then connected to the main pipeline 13 of the deep pump station. The main pipeline 13 of the deep pump station is connected to the three-way pipe model 12. The three-way pipe model 12 is connected to two sets of deep pump station pump groups 11 and then connected to the lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station and the main pool body 8 of the deep pump station. The upper reservoir model pool body 1 of the pumped-storage power station is connected to the high-pressure pipeline model 5 of the pumped-storage power station near the lower side and then connected to the energy storage unit model 7. The surge tank 3 is installed in the horizontal section of the high-pressure pipeline model 5 of the pumped-storage power station.

[0034] One end of a circulation pipeline 17 is connected to the bottom of the lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station and the main pool body 8 of the deep pump station. The other end of the circulation pipeline 17 is divided into a first pipeline and a second pipeline. After a system circulation pump group 14 is installed on the first pipeline, it is connected to the upper reservoir model pool body 1 of the pumped-storage power station. The second pipeline is connected to the bottom of the upper reservoir model pool body 1 of the pumped-storage power station through a valve 18 below the upper reservoir.

[0035] Furthermore, left-right and up-down double guide grids 2 are installed in the upper reservoir model pool body 1 of the pumped-storage power station, and the upper reservoir model pool body 1 of the pumped-storage power station is divided into a first space and a second space. Left-right and up-down double guide grids 9 are installed in the lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station and the main pool body 8 of the deep pump station, and the lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station and the main pool body 8 of the deep pump station are divided into a third space and a fourth space. The first pipeline is connected to the first space of the upper reservoir model pool body 1 of the pumped-storage power station. The second pipeline is connected to the bottom of the first space of the upper reservoir model pool body 1 of the pumped-storage power station. The circulation pipeline 17 is connected to the bottom of the fourth space.

[0036] Furthermore, a system circulation loop valve 16 is installed on the horizontal section of the circulation pipeline 17 near the lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station and the main pool body 8 of the deep pump station.

[0037] Furthermore, a surge tank valve is installed between the surge tank 3 and the horizontal section of the high-pressure pipeline model 5 of the pumped-storage power station. A high-pressure pipeline valve 6 is installed between the high-pressure pipeline model 5 of the pumped-storage power station and the energy storage unit model. A deep pump station pipeline valve 10 is installed between the deep pump station pump group 11 and the lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station and the main pool body 8 of the deep pump station.

[0038] Water filling process of the entire system: The entire system is provided with water inlet and outlet at the lowest point of the pipeline, such as the lowest point of the elbow of the 7 groups of draft tubes of the energy storage machine model. When the system is filled with water, the water treated by the water purifier is added to the system through this port. At this time, the water level in the lower reservoir 8 gradually rises. When the water level in the lower reservoir 8 reaches a certain height, the valve 10 of the deep well pump station pipeline and the deep well pump unit 11 are closed, and the valve 16 of the system circulation loop and the system circulation pump unit 14 are opened to gradually pump the water in the lower reservoir 8 to the upper reservoir 1. During this process, the surge tank valve 4 and the high-pressure pipeline valve 6 are closed. When the water volume in the upper and lower reservoirs meets the corresponding experimental requirements, stop filling water from the lowest point of the elbow of the draft tube of the energy storage unit model 7, close the valve here (not shown in the figure), and close the valve 16 of the system circulation loop and the system circulation pump unit 14. Subsequently, different working condition tests can be started.

[0039] Pumped storage working condition: Open the valve 4 and valve 6 connected to the high-pressure pipeline 5, so that the water in the upper reservoir flows through the high-pressure pipeline 5 and the energy storage unit 7, and finally reaches the lower reservoir 8. At the same time, install a flow meter (such as an electromagnetic flow meter, an ultrasonic flow meter, etc.) on the horizontal section of the high-pressure pipeline 5 to obtain real-time flow information, and install a dynamometer on the energy storage unit 7 to measure the output of the energy storage unit in real time. During this process, keep the valve 10 of the deep well pump station pipeline closed, open the system circulation pump unit 14 and the valve 16 of the system circulation loop, and adjust the flow through the frequency converter (not shown in the figure) connected to the system circulation pump unit 14, so that the flow of the circulation pump unit 14 is the same as the flow of the high-pressure pipeline 5. At this time, the pumped storage working condition loop is connected, that is, the water flows through the upper reservoir 1 - high-pressure pipeline 5 - energy storage unit 7 - lower reservoir 8 - circulation pipeline 17 - circulation pump unit 14 and finally returns to the upper reservoir 1. During this process, the water flow in the upper and lower reservoir models all reaches the smooth water flow effect through the double-layer guide grilles 2 and 9. One layer of the double-layer guide grille is a vertical rectangular hole, and the other layer is a circular hole, which respectively achieve the smooth water flow effect in the left-right direction and the up-down direction. In addition, the pressure mutation during the operation of the high-pressure pipeline and the pipeline system during this process is adjusted through the surge tank 3, so that the pressure change during the system operation is relatively stable. During this process, various test phenomena can be photographed and observed through 6 observation windows on both sides and the bottom surface of the upper reservoir model reserved in advance, and 4 observation windows on both sides of the lower reservoir (installed with quartz glass or high-transparency and high-strength acrylic plates). The cross-section of the above-mentioned acrylic material is designed as a convex platform shape, and the convex platform is geometrically matched with the wall material of the test bench. Finally, the acrylic material plane of the convex platform fits well with the inner wall height of the system wall, without affecting the internal flow.

[0040] Deep pumping station operating condition: Close valves 4 and 6, and at the same time, shut down the energy storage unit 7 and the circulation loop valves 16 and the circulation loop pump unit 14. Open the deep pumping station pipeline valve 10 and the deep pumping station pump unit 11 to pump the water flow in the lower reservoir 8 to the upper reservoir 1. At the same time, install a flow measurement device on the main pipeline 13 of the deep pumping station to obtain the flow information immediately. (If multiple pump units are opened here, flow measurement devices can be set at the outlet pipelines of different pump units to obtain the flow rates of different pump units.) After the water flow is pumped to the upper reservoir 1 by the deep pumping station pump unit 11, open the valve 18 below the upper reservoir 1. The water flow flows back to the lower reservoir 8 by gravity through the circulation pipeline 17, and enters the lower reservoir model pool of the pumped-storage power station, which also serves as the main pool of the deep pumping station, through the double-layer guide grid 9. In this way, the connection of the deep pumping station operating condition loop is completed, that is, the water flow is pumped through the deep pumping station pipeline valve 10 and the deep pumping station pump 10, through the main pipeline 13 of the deep pumping station, the deep pumping station loop bifurcation pipeline 15 to the upper reservoir 1, and then returns to the lower reservoir 8 through the valve 18 and the circulation loop 17. By adjusting the opening degree of the valve 18, the flow rate through the circulation loop 17 can be made the same as that through the main pipeline 13 of the deep pumping station, so that the deep pumping station model test runs stably.

[0041] Hydraulic performance condition of the three-way pipe: Close valves 4 and 6, and at the same time, shut down the energy storage unit 7, the deep pumping station pump unit 11, and the valve 18. Open the pump unit valve 10 and the circulation loop pump unit 14 to make the water flow in the upper reservoir 1 pass through the deep pumping station loop bifurcation pipeline 15, the main pipeline 13 of the deep pumping station, the three-way pipe model 12, and the deep pumping station pump unit 11 and finally enter the lower reservoir 8. Then, by opening the system circulation loop valve 16 and the system circulation pump unit 14, it returns to the upper reservoir 1. At this time, the hydraulic performance test of the three-way pipe condition is completed, that is, upper reservoir 1 - deep pumping station loop bifurcation pipeline 15 - main pipeline 13 of the deep pumping station - three-way pipe model 12 - deep pumping station pump unit 11 - lower reservoir 8 - system circulation loop valve 16 - system circulation pump unit 14 - upper reservoir. During this process, by adjusting valves 10 and 16, the two flow rates are made equal to achieve the hydraulic performance test of the three-way pipe under different flow rates. The three-way pipe 12 can be processed into different materials and geometric shapes according to requirements for relevant shooting and measurement of the internal flow pattern.

[0042] The above three operating conditions have flexible process changes and controllable flow rates. The controllable variable ranges of the physical parameters corresponding to each operating condition are extensive.

[0043] Figure 3 In the pipeline upstream of the lower reservoir, there is a set of energy storage model units 7 near the upper side, and two sets of deep pumping station model pump units 11 and the three-way pipe model 12 upstream of them near the lower side. The three-way pipe model 12 can be designed into a geometric shape suitable for shooting and measurement (such as a three-way pipe geometric model with a flat boundary wall surface and a two-dimensional internal curved surface) and physical materials (such as high-strength and highly transparent acrylic materials) according to research needs.

[0044] In the upper reservoir model of the pumped - storage power station, a high - pressure pipeline valve 6 and a surge tank 3 model are installed on one side of the energy - storage unit model 7. The surge tank 3 model is made of high - strength acrylic material and can be installed with a top cover according to needs. When the whole system operates as a model test of the pumped - storage power station, the high - pressure pipeline valve 6 and the surge tank 3 model can be opened according to the requirements of pressure level, and the working process of the surge tank 3 can be observed, and the corresponding pressure level can be judged by the water - level height on the wall of the surge tank 3. Since the upper reservoir model 1 operates as the upper reservoir in the model test of the pumped - storage power station and only serves as a water - storage model without special use in the model test of the deep - well pump station, the upper reservoir model is designed in the form of a contraction flow channel near the outlet side, aiming to collect the water flow to facilitate its entry into each pipeline, which is consistent with the actual effect in the pumped - storage power station project. On the other hand, to facilitate the water flow to enter the pipeline on the deep - well pump - station side, the water flows from the upper reservoir through the wye 12 along the pipeline and finally flows back into the lower reservoir model. During this process, the related flow problems of the wye can be studied. The power of this process is all realized by gravity, and different flow rates can be obtained by installing valves and flow meters on the pipeline, and then different flow velocities can be obtained. In the above - mentioned two test processes, the circulating pump group 14 pumps the water flowing from the upper reservoir to the lower reservoir back to the upper reservoir to complete the water - circuit cycle. The flow rate pumped back to the upper reservoir can be adjusted by the frequency converter connected to the circulating pump group 14. On the other hand, the side wall of the upper reservoir has completely symmetric high - strength and high - transparency acrylic material windows, which are convenient for observing and recording the related flow phenomena when the water flow enters the lower - level pipeline. At the same time, two completely symmetric high - strength and high - transparency acrylic material windows are designed on the bottom surface near the outlet pipe opening of the upper reservoir model, which are convenient for using PIV equipment to photograph and measure the flow parameters in different flow regions at different water - level heights.

[0045] The pool body of the lower reservoir model of the pumped - storage power station also serves as the main pool body 8 of the deep - well pump station. There is a water - flow isolation and diversion pier between the energy - storage unit model 7 and the deep - well pump - station pump group 11 to separate the water flows in the two working conditions. At the same time, the distances between each pipe opening and the distances between each pipe opening and the wall surface (including the wall surface of the diversion pier) are sufficient, so that the water flows do not affect each other. It should be noted particularly that the outer shape of the model side wall ( Figure 5 upper side wall surface) on one side of the energy - storage unit 7 is of a contraction type, forming a contraction flow channel, which is consistent with the purpose of collecting water flow at the inlet and outlet of the lower reservoir of the pumped - storage power station in engineering practice. The outer shape of the model side wall ( Figure 5 lower side wall surface) on one side of the deep - well pump - station pump group 11 is diffused upstream, and diffuses to the maximum inlet flow area when approaching the pump - group inlet. This can obtain a stable flow state at the pump - group inlet and a lower flow velocity, making the pump - group inlet have a better flow state, which is also consistent with the engineering actual requirements. In addition, subsequently, according to research needs, a diversion - pier model with different geometric characteristic parameters can be made between the inlets of the two deep - well pump - station pump groups 11 and installed in Figure 5Between the inlet of two pump sets of the main pool body 8 of the lower reservoir model pool of the pumped-storage power station shown, the guiding effect of different geometric characteristic parameters on the inlet of the deep pump station is studied.

[0046] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those of ordinary skill in the art.

[0047] Many other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the concept and scope of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A comprehensive model test bench for a pumped-storage power station and a deep pumping station, characterized in that, The test bench includes: an upper reservoir model pool body (1) of a pumped storage power station and a lower reservoir model pool body of a pumped storage power station and the main pool body (8) of a deep pumping station; a set of energy storage unit models (7) is arranged upstream and near the upper side of the lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped storage power station and the main pool body (8) of the deep pumping station, and two sets of deep pumping station pump groups (11) and a tee pipe model (12) upstream thereof and a main pipeline (13) of the deep pumping station are arranged near the lower side; a surge chamber (3), a high-pressure pipeline model (5) of the pumped storage power station and a bifurcated pipeline (15) of the deep pumping station loop are arranged downstream of the upper reservoir model pool body (1) of the pumped storage power station; The upper reservoir model pool body (1) of the pumped storage power station is connected to the bifurcated pipeline (15) of the deep pumping station loop near the lower side and then connected to the main pipeline (13) of the deep pumping station. The main pipeline (13) of the deep pumping station is connected to the tee pipe model (12). The tee pipe model (12) is connected to two sets of deep pumping station pump groups (11) and then connected to the lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped storage power station and the main pool body (8) of the deep pumping station. The upper reservoir model pool body (1) of the pumped storage power station is connected to the high-pressure pipeline model (5) of the pumped storage power station near the lower side and then connected to the energy storage unit model (7). The surge chamber (3) is installed on the horizontal section of the high-pressure pipeline model (5) of the pumped storage power station; One end of a circulation pipeline (17) is connected to the bottom of the lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped storage power station and the main pool body (8) of the deep pumping station. The other end of the circulation pipeline (17) is divided into a first pipeline and a second pipeline. After a system circulation pump group (14) is installed on the first pipeline, it is connected to the upper reservoir model pool body (1) of the pumped storage power station. The second pipeline is connected to the bottom of the upper reservoir model pool body (1) of the pumped storage power station through a valve (18) below the upper reservoir.

2. The comprehensive model test bench for a pumped storage power station and a deep pumping station according to claim 1, characterized in that, Double guide grilles (2) for left, right, up and down directions are installed in the upper reservoir model pool body (1) of the pumped storage power station, and the upper reservoir model pool body (1) of the pumped storage power station is divided into a first space and a second space. Double guide grilles (9) for left, right, up and down directions are installed in the lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped storage power station and the main pool body (8) of the deep pumping station, and the lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped storage power station and the main pool body (8) of the deep pumping station are divided into a third space and a fourth space. The first pipeline is connected to the first space of the upper reservoir model pool body (1) of the pumped storage power station. The second pipeline is connected to the bottom of the first space of the upper reservoir model pool body (1) of the pumped storage power station. The circulation pipeline (17) is connected to the bottom of the fourth space.

3. The integrated model test bench for a pumped-storage power station and a deep pumping station according to claim 2, wherein, A system circulation loop valve (16) is installed on the horizontal section of the circulation pipeline (17) near the lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped storage power station and the main pool body (8) of the deep pumping station.

4. A comprehensive model test bench for a pumped storage power station and a deep pumping station according to claim 1, characterized in that, A surge chamber valve is installed between the surge chamber (3) and the horizontal section of the high-pressure pipeline model (5) of the pumped storage power station. A high-pressure pipeline valve (6) is installed between the high-pressure pipeline model (5) of the pumped storage power station and the energy storage unit model. A deep pumping station pipeline valve (10) is installed between the deep pumping station pump group (11) and the lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped storage power station and the main pool body (8) of the deep pumping station.

5. The integrated model test bench for a pumped storage power station and a deep well pumping station according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second space of the upper reservoir model pool body (1) of the pumped-storage power station is in the form of a contracting flow channel near the water outlet side; a water flow isolation and diversion pier is arranged between the connection port of the energy storage unit model (7) and the deep pumping station pump unit (11) for separating the water flow, and the outer shape of the model side wall on the side of the energy storage unit model (7) is diffusive.

6. A method for using a comprehensive model test bench for a pumped storage power station and a deep pumping station, characterized in that, The water filling process of the test bench is as follows: The whole test bench is provided with water inlets and outlets at the lowest point of the pipeline. At the lowest point of the elbow of the draft tube of the energy storage unit model (7), when the test bench is filled with water, the water treated by the water purifier is added to the test bench through this port. At this time, the water level in the lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station, which also serves as the main pool body of the deep pumping station (8), gradually rises. When the water level in the lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station, which also serves as the main pool body of the deep pumping station (8), reaches a certain height, the valves of the deep pumping station pipeline (10) and the deep pumping station pump unit (11) are closed, the valves of the system circulation loop (16) and the system circulation pump unit (14) are opened, and the water in the lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station, which also serves as the main pool body of the deep pumping station (8), is gradually pumped to the upper reservoir model pool body (1) of the pumped-storage power station. During this process, the surge tank valve (4) and the high-pressure pipeline valve (6) are closed. When the water volumes in the upper reservoir model pool body (1) of the pumped-storage power station and the lower reservoir model pool body of the pumped-storage power station, which also serves as the main pool body of the deep pumping station (8), meet the corresponding experimental requirements, the water filling from the lowest point of the elbow of the draft tube of the energy storage unit model (7) is stopped, the valve here is closed, the valves of the system circulation loop (16) and the system circulation pump unit (14) are closed, and then different working condition tests can be started.

7. A method for using a comprehensive model test bench for a pumped storage power station and a deep pumping station according to claim 6, characterized in that, The different working condition tests include: pumped-storage working condition, deep pumping station working condition, and hydraulic performance working condition test of the three-way pipe.

8. A method for using a comprehensive model test bench for a pumped storage power station and a deep pumping station according to claim 7, characterized in that The specific pumped-storage operation condition is as follows: Open the surge tank valve (4) and the high-pressure pipeline valve (6) connected to the high-pressure pipeline model (5) of the pumped-storage power station, so that the water flow in the upper reservoir model pool (1) of the pumped-storage power station flows through the high-pressure pipeline model (5) of the pumped-storage power station and the energy storage unit model (7), and finally reaches the lower reservoir model pool of the pumped-storage power station and the main pool of the deep pumping station (8). At the same time, install a flowmeter in the horizontal section of the high-pressure pipeline model (5) of the pumped-storage power station to obtain instant flow information, and instantaneously measure the output of the energy storage unit model (7) by connecting a dynamometer to the energy storage unit model (7); during this process, keep the deep pumping station pipeline valve (10) closed, open the system circulation pump group (14) and the system circulation loop valve (16), and adjust the flow through the frequency converter connected to the system circulation pump group (14) so that the flow of the system circulation pump group (14) is the same as the flow of the high-pressure pipeline model (5) of the pumped-storage power station. At this time, the loop of the pumped-storage operation condition is connected, that is, the water flow passes through the upper reservoir model pool (1) of the pumped-storage power station, the high-pressure pipeline model (5) of the pumped-storage power station, the energy storage unit model (7), the lower reservoir model pool of the pumped-storage power station and the main pool of the deep pumping station (8), the circulation pipeline (17), and the system circulation pump group (14) and finally returns to the upper reservoir model pool (1) of the pumped-storage power station; during this process, the water flows in the upper reservoir model pool (1) of the pumped-storage power station and the lower reservoir model pool of the pumped-storage power station and the main pool of the deep pumping station (8) all achieve the effect of smooth water flow through the left, right, upper and lower double guide grilles (2) in the upper reservoir and the left, right, upper and lower double guide grilles (9) in the lower reservoir. One layer of the left, right, upper and lower double guide grilles (2) in the upper reservoir or the left, right, upper and lower double guide grilles (9) in the lower reservoir is a vertical rectangular hole, and one layer is a circular hole, respectively achieving the effect of smooth water flow in the left-right direction and the up-down direction; In addition, during this process, the pressure mutation in the high-pressure pipeline model (5) of the pumped-storage power station and during the pipeline operation is adjusted by the surge tank (3) to make the pressure change relatively stable during the operation; during this process, through 6 observation windows reserved on both sides and the bottom surface of the upper reservoir model pool (1) of the pumped-storage power station and 4 observation windows on both sides of the lower reservoir model pool of the pumped-storage power station and the main pool of the deep pumping station (8), quartz glass or high-transparency and high-strength acrylic plates are installed on the observation windows to carry out the shooting and observation work of various test phenomena. The cross-section of the acrylic plate is designed as a convex platform shape, and the convex platform is geometrically matched with the wall material of the test bench. Finally, the plane of the convex platform-shaped acrylic plate fits well with the inner wall height of the system wall without affecting the internal flow.

9. A method for using a comprehensive model test bench for a pumped-storage power station and a deep pumping station according to claim 7, characterized in that, The specific conditions of the deep pumping station are as follows: close the regulating well valve (4) and the high-pressure pipeline valve (6), and at the same time close the energy storage unit model (7), the circulation loop valve (16) and the system circulation pump set (14); open the deep pumping station pipeline valve (10) and the deep pumping station pump set (11), and send the water flow in the lower reservoir model pool of the pumped storage power station, which also serves as the main pool of the deep pumping station (8), to the upper reservoir model pool of the pumped storage power station (1). At the same time, install a flow measurement device on the main pipeline of the deep pumping station (13) to obtain flow information immediately; after the water flow is sent to the upper reservoir model pool of the pumped storage power station (1) by the deep pumping station pump set (11), open the valve (18) below the upper reservoir, and the water flow flows back to the lower reservoir model pool of the pumped storage power station, which also serves as the main pool of the deep pumping station (8) by gravity through the circulation pipeline (17), and enters the lower reservoir model pool of the pumped storage power station, which also serves as the main pool of the deep pumping station (8) after passing through the left-right and up-down double guide grilles (9) in the lower reservoir. In this way, the loop connection of the deep pumping station conditions is completed, that is, the water flow is sent through the deep pumping station pipeline valve (10) and the deep pumping station pump set (11), and is sent to the upper reservoir model pool of the pumped storage power station (1) through the main pipeline of the deep pumping station (13) and the branch pipeline of the deep pumping station loop (15), and then returns to the lower reservoir model pool of the pumped storage power station, which also serves as the main pool of the deep pumping station (8) through the valve (18) below the upper reservoir and the circulation pipeline (17). By adjusting the opening of the valve (18) below the upper reservoir, the flow rate through the circulation pipeline (17) can be made the same as that through the main pipeline of the deep pumping station (13), so that the model test of the deep pumping station runs stably. Under the test conditions of the deep pumping station, the outer shape of the side wall of the lower reservoir on one side of the energy storage unit model is of a diffusive type, aiming to obtain a stable flow state, that is, a slower flow rate, so that the inflow flow state of the pump set is better.

10. The method for using a comprehensive model test bench for a pumped storage power station and a deep pumping station according to claim 7, characterized in that, The specific hydraulic performance conditions of the three-way pipe are as follows: close the pressure regulating well valve (4) and the high-pressure pipeline valve (6), simultaneously close the energy storage unit model (7), close the deep pumping station pump set (11), close the valve (18) below the upper reservoir, open the deep pumping station pipeline valve (10) and the system circulation pump set (14), so that the water flow in the upper reservoir model pool (1) of the pumped storage power station passes through the deep pumping station loop bifurcation pipeline (15), the deep pumping station main pipeline (13), the three-way pipe model (12) and the deep pumping station pump set (11) in sequence and finally enters the lower reservoir model pool and deep pumping station main pool (8) of the pumped storage power station. Subsequently, by opening the system circulation loop valve (16) and the system circulation pump set (14), it returns to the upper reservoir model pool (1) of the pumped storage power station. At this time, the hydraulic performance test of the three-way pipe is completed, that is, the upper reservoir model pool (1) of the pumped storage power station, the deep pumping station loop bifurcation pipeline (15), the deep pumping station main pipeline (13), the three-way pipe model (12), the deep pumping station pump set (11), the lower reservoir model pool and deep pumping station main pool (8) of the pumped storage power station, the circulation loop (17), the system circulation pump set (14) to the upper reservoir model pool (1) of the pumped storage power station form a closed loop; during this process, by adjusting the deep pumping station pipeline valve (10) and the system circulation loop valve (16), the two flow rates are made equal to achieve the hydraulic performance test of the three-way pipe under different flow rates. The three-way pipe (12) model is processed into different materials and geometric shapes as required to suit the relevant shooting and measurement work of the internal flow pattern.

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