Textured glass articles and methods of making the same

Abstract

A textured glass article includes a body comprising an alumino-silicate glass, the alumino-silicate glass comprising greater than or equal to 16 wt% AI2O3, the body having at least a first surface; and a plurality of polyhedral surface features extending from the first surface, each polyhedral surface feature of the plurality of polyhedral surface features comprising a base on the first surface, a plurality of facets extending from the first surface, a surface feature size at the base greater than or equal to 10 pm and less than or equal to 350 pm, wherein the plurality of facets of each polyhedral surface feature converge toward one another.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This specification claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 074761, filed on September 4, 2020, entitled “Textured Glass Articles and Methods of Manufacturing Thereof,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This specification relates generally to glass articles, and in particular to glass articles with enhanced tactile feel and a highly reflective appearance. Background Technology

[0004] Aluminosilicate glass products exhibit excellent ion exchange and drop resistance. Various industries, including the consumer electronics industry, require textured reflective materials with similar or identical strength and fracture toughness. However, conventional texturing processes may not produce the desired texture and appearance on some aluminosilicate glass products.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need for alternative methods to produce aluminosilicate glass articles with enhanced tactile feel and high reflective appearance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] According to the first aspect A1, a textured glass article may include: a body comprising aluminosilicate glass, the aluminosilicate glass comprising greater than or equal to 16 wt% Al2O3, the body having at least a first surface; and a plurality of polyhedral surface features extending from the first surface, each of the plurality of polyhedral surface features including a base on the first surface, a plurality of facets extending from the first surface, the surface feature size at the base being greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 350 μm, wherein the plurality of facets of each polyhedral surface feature converges to each other.

[0007] The second aspect A2 includes an article of article according to the first aspect A1, wherein a plurality of facets of each polyhedral surface feature converge to each other to form at least one vertex, the at least one vertex being sharp, rounded, or truncated.

[0008] The third aspect A3 includes articles according to the first aspect A1 or the second aspect A2, wherein the textured glass article has a surface roughness Ra greater than or equal to 2 μm.

[0009] The fourth aspect A4 includes articles according to any one of the first to third aspects A1 to A3, wherein the textured glass article has a transmission haze of 40% or more.

[0010] The fifth aspect A5 includes an article of articles according to any one of the first to fourth aspects A1 to A4, wherein the base of each of the plurality of polyhedral surface features includes at least three edges, and at least one edge converges to at least another edge.

[0011] The sixth aspect A6 includes an article of articles according to any one of the first to fifth aspects A1 to A5, wherein each of the plurality of polyhedral surface features includes a dendritic structure extending from the base.

[0012] The seventh aspect A7 includes articles of articles according to any one of the first to sixth aspects A1 to A6, wherein the textured glass articles have an average surface roughness Sa greater than or equal to 0.75 μm and less than or equal to 10 μm.

[0013] The eighth aspect A8 includes articles according to any one of the first to seventh aspects A1 to A7, wherein the textured glass article has a mean root mean square height Sq greater than or equal to 1 μm and less than or equal to 2 μm.

[0014] The ninth aspect A9 includes articles according to any one of the first to eighth aspects A1 to A8, wherein the textured glass article has a mean developed interfacial area Sdr of greater than or equal to 7% and less than or equal to 25%.

[0015] The tenth aspect A10 includes articles of articles according to any one of the first to ninth aspects A1 to A9, wherein the textured glass article has a fastest decay autocorrelation length Sal greater than or equal to 0.020 mm and less than or equal to 0.1 mm.

[0016] The eleventh aspect A11 includes articles according to any one of the first to tenth aspects A1 to A10, wherein the textured glass article has a diameter greater than or equal to 8000 mm. -1 And less than or equal to 17000mm -1 The mean peak curvature.

[0017] The twelfth aspect A12 includes articles according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects A1 to A11, wherein the textured glass article has a location of peak maximum (peak GU) greater than or equal to 50 Gu and less than or equal to 150 Gu.

[0018] The thirteenth aspect A13 includes articles according to any one of the first to twelfth aspects A1 to A12, wherein the textured glass article has a full width at half maximum of 20 GU or more and less than or equal to 40 GU.

[0019] The fourteenth aspect A14 includes articles according to any one of the first to thirteenth aspects A1 to A13, wherein the textured glass article has a GU value range of greater than or equal to 100 Gu and less than or equal to 250 GU.

[0020] The fifteenth aspect A15 includes articles according to any one of the first to fourteenth aspects A1 to A14, wherein the textured glass article has a skewness greater than or equal to 0.25 and less than or equal to 0.9.

[0021] The sixteenth aspect A16 includes articles according to any one of the first to fifteenth aspects A1 to A15, wherein the textured glass article has an excess kurtosis of greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 3.

[0022] The seventeenth aspect A17 includes an article of any one of the first to sixteenth aspects A1 to A16, wherein the textured glass article has a bi-directional reflectance distribution (BRDF) spectrum containing at least one peak occurring at a distance of at least 1° from the incident angle.

[0023] Eighteenth aspect A18 comprises an article of articles according to any one of aspects A1 to A17 of the first to the seventeenth aspects, wherein the aluminosilicate glass comprises: greater than or equal to 52 wt% and less than or equal to 62 wt% of SiO2; greater than or equal to 16 wt% and less than or equal to 28 wt% of Al2O3; greater than or equal to 0 wt% and less than or equal to 5 wt% of B2O3; greater than or equal to 8 wt% and less than or equal to 13 wt% of Na2O; greater than or equal to 0 wt% and less than or equal to 0.2 wt% of K2O; greater than or equal to 0 wt% and less than or equal to 4 wt% of Li2O; and greater than or equal to 0 wt% and less than or equal to 1.5 wt% of MgO.

[0024] Nineteenth aspect A19 comprises an article of articles according to any one of aspects A1 to A17, wherein the aluminosilicate glass comprises: greater than or equal to 52 wt% and less than or equal to 62 wt% of SiO2; greater than or equal to 16 wt% and less than or equal to 28 wt% of Al2O3; greater than or equal to 0 wt% and less than or equal to 5 wt% of B2O3; greater than or equal to 8 wt% and less than or equal to 13 wt% of Na2O; greater than or equal to 0 wt% and less than or equal to 0.2 wt% of K2O; greater than or equal to 0 wt% and less than or equal to 4 wt% of Li2O; and greater than or equal to 0 wt% and less than or equal to 1.5 wt% of MgO.

[0025] The twentieth aspect A20 includes articles of manufacture according to any one of the first to nineteenth aspects A1 to A19, wherein the textured glass article is a back cover of an electronic device.

[0026] According to aspect 21 A21, a method of forming a glass article may include: contacting an aluminosilicate glass article with an etchant, wherein the aluminosilicate glass article comprises greater than or equal to 16 wt% Al2O3 and has at least one surface, and the etchant comprises a pH value less than or equal to 2.2; washing the aluminosilicate glass article; and drying the aluminosilicate glass article to form a textured glass article, the textured glass article comprising a plurality of polyhedral surface features extending from a first surface of the textured glass article, each of the plurality of polyhedral surface features comprising a base on the first surface, a plurality of facets extending from the first surface, and a surface feature size at the base greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 350 μm, wherein the plurality of facets of each polyhedral surface feature converge to each other.

[0027] The twenty-second aspect A22 includes the method according to the twenty-first aspect A21, wherein the etchant has a pH value less than or equal to 1.9.

[0028] The twenty-third aspect A23 includes a method according to the twenty-first aspect A21 or the twenty-second aspect A22, wherein the etchant comprises: a salt of 5 wt% or more and less than or equal to 60 wt%; and an acid of 2 wt% or more and less than or equal to 20 wt%.

[0029] Article 24 A24 includes articles according to Article 23 A23, wherein the salt includes ammonium chloride, ammonium bifluoride, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride or combinations thereof.

[0030] Article 25 A25 includes articles according to Article 23 A23 or Article 24 A24, wherein the acid includes hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid or combinations thereof.

[0031] The twenty-sixth aspect A26 includes an article of articles according to any one of the twenty-first to twenty-fifth aspects A21 to A25, wherein contacting the aluminosilicate glass article with an etchant produces more silicon-based precipitate than aluminum-based precipitate.

[0032] The twenty-seventh aspect A27 includes an article of articles according to any one of the twenty-first to twenty-sixth aspects A21 to A26, wherein the etchant comprises: ammonium chloride of greater than or equal to 25 wt% and less than or equal to 45 wt%; hydrofluoric acid of greater than or equal to 5 wt% and less than or equal to 15 wt%; and water of greater than or equal to 40 wt% and less than or equal to 60 wt%.

[0033] The twenty-eighth aspect A28 comprises an article according to any one of aspects A21 to A26, wherein the etchant comprises: ammonium chloride greater than or equal to 25 wt% and less than or equal to 45 wt%; ammonium bifluoride greater than or equal to 5 wt% and less than or equal to 15 wt%; hydrofluoric acid greater than or equal to 5 wt% and less than or equal to 15 wt%; and water greater than or equal to 40 wt% and less than or equal to 60 wt%.

[0034] Article 29 A29 comprises an article according to any one of Articles 21 to 26 A21 to A26, of ammonium bifluoride equal to 25 wt% and less than or equal to 45 wt%; of hydrochloric acid greater than or equal to 10 wt% and less than or equal to 20 wt%; and of water greater than or equal to 40 wt% and less than or equal to 60 wt%.

[0035] The thirtieth aspect A30 includes articles according to any one of aspects A21 to A26 of the twenty-first to twenty-sixth aspects, wherein the etchant comprises: potassium sulfate of 10 wt% or more and less than 20 wt%; hydrofluoric acid of 5 wt% or more and less than 15 wt%; and hydrochloric acid of 5 vol% or more and less than 15 vol%.

[0036] The thirty-first aspect A31 includes an article of articles according to any one of aspects A21 to A26 of the twenty-first to twenty-sixth aspects, wherein the etchant comprises: potassium chloride of 25 wt% or more and less than 45 wt%; hydrofluoric acid of 5 wt% or more and less than 15 wt%; and hydrochloric acid of 5 vol% or more and less than 15 vol%.

[0037] The thirty-second aspect A32 includes a consumer electronic device, comprising: a housing having a front surface, a rear surface and a side surface; an electrical component at least partially disposed within the housing, the electrical component including at least a controller, memory, and a display disposed at or adjacent to the front surface of the housing; and a glass-ceramic article according to the first aspect A1 disposed on the display.

[0038] Additional features and advantages of the textured glass articles described herein will be set forth in the following detailed description, and will be partly apparent from the description or recognized by those skilled in the art by practice of the embodiments described herein, including the following detailed description, the claims, and the drawings.

[0039] It should be understood that both the above general description and the following detailed description describe various embodiments and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and features of the claimed subject matter. This specification includes accompanying drawings to provide a further understanding of the various embodiments, and the drawings are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate the various embodiments described herein and, together with the description, serve to illustrate the principles and operation of the claimed subject matter. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 An optical microscope image of a conventional glass product formed by an etching process;

[0041] Figure 2 An optical microscope image of a conventional glass product formed by an etching process;

[0042] Figure 3 An optical microscope image of a conventional glass product formed by an etching process;

[0043] Figure 4 A perspective view of a textured glass article according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein is depicted schematically.

[0044] Figure 5 Plan views of textured glass articles according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein are depicted schematically.

[0045] Figure 6 A flowchart of a method for forming a textured glass article according to one or more embodiments described herein;

[0046] Figure 7 The steps of an etching process according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein are schematically depicted.

[0047] Figure 8 Another step of the etching process according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein is depicted schematically;

[0048] Figure 9 Another step of the etching process according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein is depicted schematically;

[0049] Figure 10 Another step of the etching process according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein is depicted schematically;

[0050] Figure 11 A plan view of an exemplary electronic device incorporating any textured glass article according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein;

[0051] Figure 12 for Figure 11 A perspective view of an exemplary electronic device.

[0052] Figure 13 for Figure 11 A perspective view of an exemplary electronic device.

[0053] Figure 14 The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum of a conventional glass product formed by an etching process;

[0054] Figure 15 Optical microscope images of textured glass articles according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein;

[0055] Figure 16 XRD spectra of textured glass articles according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein;

[0056] Figure 17 These are optical microscope images of textured glass articles at 50x magnification according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein;

[0057] Figure 18 for Figure 17 The image shown is an optical microscope image of a textured glass artifact at 200x magnification.

[0058] Figure 19 These are optical microscope images of textured glass articles at 50x magnification according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein;

[0059] Figure 20 for Figure 19 The image shown is an optical microscope image of a textured glass artifact at 200x magnification.

[0060] Figure 21 These are optical microscope images of textured glass articles at 50x magnification according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein;

[0061] Figure 22 for Figure 21 The image shown is an optical microscope image of a textured glass artifact at 200x magnification.

[0062] Figure 23 These are optical microscope images of textured glass articles at 50x magnification according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein;

[0063] Figure 24 for Figure 23 The image shown is an optical microscope image of a textured glass artifact at 200x magnification.

[0064] Figure 25 Optical microscope images of textured glass articles according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein;

[0065] Figure 26 Optical microscope images of textured glass articles according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein;

[0066] Figure 27 Optical microscope images of textured glass articles according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein;

[0067] Figure 28 Optical microscope images of textured glass articles according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein;

[0068] Figure 29 Optical microscope images of textured glass articles according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein;

[0069] Figure 30 Optical microscope images of textured glass articles according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein;

[0070] Figure 31 Optical microscope images of textured glass articles according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein;

[0071] Figure 32 To compare white light interferometric surface images of a 2mm x 2mm area textured glass product.

[0072] Figure 33 for Figure 32The image shown is a white light interferometric measurement surface image of a 175μm × 235μm area textured glass artifact.

[0073] Figure 34 To compare white light interferometric surface images of a 2mm x 2mm area textured glass product.

[0074] Figure 35 for Figure 34 The image shown is a white light interferometric measurement surface image of a 175μm × 235μm area textured glass artifact.

[0075] Figure 36 A white light interferometry surface image of a textured glass article with a 2 mm × 2 mm area according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein;

[0076] Figure 37 for Figure 36 The image shown is a white light interferometric measurement surface image of a 175μm × 235μm area textured glass artifact.

[0077] Figure 38 A white light interferometry surface image of a textured glass article with a 2 mm × 2 mm area according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein;

[0078] Figure 39 for Figure 38 The image shown is a white light interferometric measurement surface image of a 175μm × 235μm area textured glass artifact.

[0079] Figure 40 A white light interferometry surface image of a textured glass article with a 2 mm × 2 mm area according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein;

[0080] Figure 41 for Figure 40 The image shown is a white light interferometric measurement surface image of a 175μm × 235μm area textured glass artifact.

[0081] Figure 42 This is a schematic diagram of white light illumination in a bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) setting representing the angle of incidence (AOI) and sample orientation, according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein.

[0082] Figure 43 The BRDF spectrum of a textured glass article at an incident angle (AOI) of 20°, according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein;

[0083] Figure 44BRDF spectra of textured glass articles at AOI of 40° according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein;

[0084] Figure 45 BRDF spectra of textured glass articles at AOI of 50° according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein;

[0085] Figure 46 BRDF spectra of textured glass articles at AOI of 60° according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein;

[0086] Figure 47 To compare optical microscope images of textured glass products;

[0087] Figure 48 for Figure 47 The figure shows a comparison of the full angle scattering (CASI) spectra of textured glass products;

[0088] Figure 49 To compare optical microscope images of textured glass products;

[0089] Figure 50 for Figure 49 The diagram shows a comparison of the CASI spectra of textured glass products;

[0090] Figure 51 Optical microscope images of textured glass articles according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein;

[0091] Figure 52 for Figure 51 The CASI spectrum of the textured glass product is shown in the figure.

[0092] Figure 53 Optical microscope images of textured glass articles according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein;

[0093] Figure 54 for Figure 53 The CASI spectrum of the textured glass product is shown in the figure.

[0094] Figure 55 Optical microscope images of textured glass articles according to one or more embodiments illustrated and described herein; and

[0095] Figure 56 for Figure 55 The CASI spectrum of the textured glass product is shown in the figure. Detailed Implementation

[0096] Various embodiments of textured glass articles having an enhanced tactile feel and a highly reflective appearance will now be described in detail. According to one embodiment, a textured glass article comprises: a body including aluminosilicate glass comprising greater than or equal to 16 wt% Al₂O₃, the body having at least a first surface; and a plurality of polyhedral surface features extending from the first surface, each of the plurality of polyhedral surface features including a base on the first surface, a plurality of facets extending from the first surface, the surface feature size at the base being greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 350 μm, wherein the plurality of facets of each polyhedral surface feature converge toward each other. Various embodiments of textured glass articles and methods of manufacturing thereof will be described herein with specific reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0097] Ranges can be expressed herein as "about" a specific value and / or "about" another specific value. When expressing this range, another implementation includes from that specific value and / or to other specific values. Similarly, when a value is expressed as an approximation using the antecedent "about," it will be understood that this specific value forms another implementation. It will be further understood that each endpoint of a range is significant relative to the other endpoint and independent of the other endpoint.

[0098] As used in this article, directional terms such as up, down, right, left, front, back, top, and bottom are for reference only and are not intended to imply absolute orientation.

[0099] Unless otherwise expressly stated, it is not intended to interpret any method described herein as requiring steps to be performed in a particular order, nor that the apparatus requires any particular orientation. Accordingly, where a method claim does not actually enumerate the order in which its steps should be followed, or where any apparatus claim does not actually enumerate the order or orientation of individual components, or where the claims or description do not actually state that the steps will be limited to a particular order, or where a particular order or orientation of apparatus components is not enumerated, it is not intended to in any way infer an order or orientation. This claim applies to any interpretation that may not be based on the expression itself, including: logical questions relating to the arrangement of steps, operational flow, order of components, or orientation of components; meanings derived simply and clearly from grammatical organization or punctuation; and numbers or types of embodiments described in the description.

[0100] As used herein, unless the context explicitly specifies otherwise, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” contain plural referents. Thus, for example, unless the context explicitly indicates otherwise, the reference to a component “a” includes aspects having two or more such components.

[0101] In the glass composition embodiments described herein, unless otherwise stated, the concentrations of constituent components (e.g., SiO2, Al2O3, etc.) are specified as weight percentages (wt%) based on oxides.

[0102] As described in this article, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra were measured using the D8 ENDEAVOR X-ray diffraction system, which uses a LYNXEYE XE-T detector manufactured by Bruker Corporation in Billerica, MA.

[0103] As described in this article, optical microscope images were obtained using a Nikon Eclipse L200N optical microscope, which has 20x or 50x objectives and multiple 10x eyepieces, for a total magnification of 200x or 500x.

[0104] As described in this paper, “surface feature size” was measured using an optical microscope with 200x magnification. Images were acquired from two distinct 500 μm x 1000 μm scan areas. In each image, the maximum distance across 10 largest surface feature base cross-sections was measured. “Surface feature size” refers to the average maximum distance across 20 surface feature base cross-sections from the two scan areas. For example, for a surface feature with a triangular base, the maximum distance across the base cross-section is the height of the triangular base. For a surface feature with a rectangular base, the maximum distance across the base cross-section is the diagonal measurement across the base. For a surface feature with a hexagonal base, the maximum measurement across the base cross-section is the maximum distance between opposite vertices.

[0105] As described in this article, “surface feature height” refers to the distance between the base of a surface feature and the topmost vertex of the surface feature.

[0106] As described in this article, "facet angle" refers to the angle between a plane perpendicular to the first surface of an aluminosilicate glass article and a facet. Facet angles are measured by the arctangent (height / half-length) of the surface feature.

[0107] As described herein, “transmitted haze” refers to the ratio of transmitted light scattered at an angle greater than 2.5° to the total transmitted light. Unless otherwise stated, transmitted haze as described herein is measured by standard CIE-C illumination with a wavelength range of 380 nm to 720 nm and a thickness of 0.8 mm according to ASTM D1003.

[0108] As described herein, “surface roughness (“Ra”)” refers to the surface texture of a textured glass article quantified by the arithmetic mean of the absolute values ​​of the deviations of the profile height from the mean line recorded over an evaluation length, as measured by a Mitutoy OSJ-310 surface roughness tester according to ISO 1997. Unless otherwise explicitly stated, values ​​herein are reported in micrometers or μm.

[0109] As described in this article, surface structure data were collected using a white-light interferometer (Contour GT-X, Brooke Company, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA). A 50x objective lens with green light and a 0.55x zoom lens were used for data collection. Vertical scanning interferometry was used with the “VXI” option to record phase data for use in calculating the position of each surface point. Four regions were collected: 175μm x 235μm (seamless), 500μm x 500μm (stitched), 1mm x 1mm (stitched), and 2mm x 2mm (stitched). The Mountains Map 8 [Digital Surf, Besançon, France] was used. France)] is used to generate images, such as Figures 31 to 40 Images were used to calculate the average surface roughness, average root mean square height, average unfolded interface area, fastest decay autocorrelation length, and average peak curvature of the textured glass artifacts described herein, as illustrated in Table 9. Planar removal was used to flatten the data, and any unmeasured pixels (<1% of the data) were filled using a smoothing function. Surface summary measures were calculated on the main surfaces after planar removal. No further filtering or data processing was performed.

[0110] The “average surface roughness (“average Sa”), as described herein and calculated using Mountains Map 8, refers to the arithmetic mean height across four regions measured by a white light interferometer according to ISO 25178.

[0111] The “mean root mean square height (“mean Sq”), as described herein and calculated using Mountains Map 8, refers to the standard deviation of the height across four regions, measured by a white light interferometer according to ISO 25178.

[0112] The “average development interface area (“average Sdr”), as described herein and calculated using Mountains Map 8, refers to the percentage of additional surface area contributed by texturing compared to the planar bounded area across four regions collected by a white light interferometer according to ISO 25178.

[0113] The “fastest decaying autocorrelation length (“Sal”)”, as described herein and calculated using Mountains Map 8, refers to the horizontal distance from the 2mm x 2mm region collected by a white light interferometer according to ISO 25178 in the direction in which the autocorrelation function decays to one or more values ​​(i.e., the default value of 0.2) the fastest.

[0114] The “average peak curvature (“Spc”), as described herein and calculated using Mountains Map 8, is the arithmetic mean of the principal curvatures of the peaks on the surface collected by a white light interferometer across a 2 mm x 2 mm (stitched) region, as measured according to ISO 25178.

[0115] Obtain microscopic images as illustrated in this article.

[0116] As described herein, grayscale distribution was collected by illuminating the artifact with a high-intensity white LED [Metaphaser LED Light Engine, Metaphase Technologies, Bristol, PA, USA] coupled to an optical fiber guide. Reflected light from the artifact surface was collected using a camera / lens combination [Stingray F-125B from Allied Vision Technologies GmbH, Stadtroda, Germany, and M112FM50 from Tamron Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan]. The lens aperture was f / 2.8, the working distance was approximately 300 mm, the exposure time was 6 ms, and the gain was set to 0 dB. The collected images were used to calculate the peak-maximum position, full width at half maximum (FWHM), range of peak-maximum position, skewness, and excess kurtosis of the textured glass artifact described herein, as shown in Table 9 of the resulting textured glass artifact.

[0117] As described in this article, "GU" refers to grayscale units.

[0118] The “peak maximum position (“peak GU”)”, as described herein and calculated from an image collected by means of light reflected from the surface of the workpiece, refers to the grayscale value at which the amplitude is maximized.

[0119] "Full width at half height ("FWHM")", as described herein and calculated from images collected by reflecting light from the surface of the workpiece, refers to the width of the curve measured between points on the y-axis that are at half the maximum amplitude.

[0120] The “range of GU values,” as described herein and calculated from images collected by means of light reflected from the surface of the workpiece, refers to the difference between the highest and lowest grayscale values ​​in a given image.

[0121] "Skewness," as described herein and calculated from images collected by reflecting light from the surface of a workpiece, refers to the asymmetry of the distribution of a real-valued random variable relative to its mean. For reference, the normal distribution has a skewness of zero.

[0122] As described in this article, “excess kurtosis” refers to kurtosis minus 3 and is used for a direct comparison with the kurtosis of a standard normal distribution.

[0123] As described in this article, the bidirectional reflectance distribution (BRDF) is measured using a Reflet 180S goniometer or a complete angle scattering instrument (CASI) from Scatter Works, as specified below. The Reflet 180S can measure up to 10... 9 The BRDF is measured within a dynamic range, allowing for the inspection of both specular and diffuse surfaces. In the Reflet 180S, a collimated halogen beam is used as the light source, and cosine correction is applied to the BRDF signal by calibrating the Reflet system using a known diffuse reflection standard. The CASI system uses a variable detector aperture and a coherent laser source for high-resolution angle measurements. This system operates at a dynamic range up to 10... 13 It measures BRDF spectra within a dynamic range and can detect detailed features within the angular spectrum.

[0124] When "polyhedron" is used to describe the surface features of textured glass products, it refers to a three-dimensional shape with flat polygonal faces, straight edges, and a surface feature size of 10 μm or greater at the base.

[0125] When "dendritic" is used to describe the surface feature structure on textured glass products, it refers to a branched structure with a surface feature size of less than 10 micrometers at the base.

[0126] Etching agents have been used to achieve textured surfaces on glass products. For example, see now... Figure 1 The image shows optical microscopic images of three glass artifacts treated with an ammonium etchant. The ammonium etchant used had a pH of 3.5 (i.e., pH above 2.2) and contained 6 wt% hydrofluoric acid, 15 wt% ammonium bifluoride, and 10 vol% propylene glycol. When such... Figure 1When the soda-lime silicate glass articles illustrated in Figure A are treated with the described ammonium etchant, the etchant deposit consists primarily of metal fluorosilicate (MSiF6), resulting in large (e.g., greater than or equal to 10 μm) polyhedral surface features that provide an enhanced tactile feel and a “luminous” (e.g., highly reflective) appearance. However, when aluminosilicate glass articles (such as those containing more than 16 wt% Al2O3) are treated with the described ammonium etchant... Figure 2 and 3 When the etchant deposits (as illustrated in the diagram) are primarily composed of metallic fluoroaluminate (MAlF5), this results in small (e.g., less than 10 μm) dendritic surface features. These dendritic surface features do not provide a significant tactile feel. Furthermore, although the dendritic surface features may contain flat surfaces, these flat surfaces can be relatively small, which reduces the reflectivity of the resulting glass article.

[0127] This document discloses texturized glass articles and texturing methods that alleviate the problems described above, enabling the processing of aluminosilicate glasses containing ≥16 wt% Al2O3 (which exhibits excellent ion exchange and drop properties) to produce desired textures and appearances. Specifically, the texturized glass articles disclosed herein include aluminosilicate glasses with large polyhedral surface features, providing an enhanced tactile feel and a highly reflective appearance. To produce a desired textured surface on aluminosilicate glass articles containing ≥16 wt% Al2O3, the etchant should preferentially generate silicon-based precipitates, resulting in large polyhedral surface features, while minimizing aluminum-based precipitates, resulting in small dendritic surface features. Since aluminum-based precipitates have high solubility at lower pH values ​​(e.g., ≤2.2), etchants with lower pH values ​​can form more silicon-based crystal seeds than aluminum-based crystal seeds, thus achieving a desired textured surface. Accordingly, the etchants described herein have a pH value of ≤2.2.

[0128] Now refer to Figure 4 and 5The textured glass article 100 described herein has a body 102 comprising an aluminosilicate glass containing 16 wt% or more Al2O3. In embodiments, the aluminosilicate glass may comprise 52 wt% or more and 62 wt% SiO2, 16 wt% or more and 28 wt% Al2O3, 0 wt% or more and 5 wt% B2O3, 8 wt% or more and 13 wt% Na2O, 0 wt% or more and 0.2 wt% K2O, 0 wt% or more and 4 wt% Li2O, and 0 wt% or more and 1.5 wt% MgO. In embodiments, the aluminosilicate glass may comprise 52 wt% and 67 wt% SiO2, 16 wt% and 28 wt% Al2O3, 0 wt% and 5 wt% B2O3, 8 wt% and 15 wt% Na2O, 0 wt% and 0.2 wt% K2O, 0 wt% and 4 wt% Li2O, and 0 wt% and 5 wt% MgO. However, it should be understood that other aluminosilicate glasses are considered and possible, provided the aluminosilicate glass contains 16 wt% or more Al2O3.

[0129] The body 102 includes at least a first surface 104. A plurality of polyhedral surface features 106 extend from the first surface 104. Each polyhedral surface feature 106 includes a base 108 on the first surface 104 and a plurality of facets 110 extending from the first surface 104.

[0130] In one embodiment, the facets 110 of each polyhedral surface feature 106 extend from the first surface 104 and converge toward each other to form a polyhedral shape (e.g., a pyramid with 3x3, 4x4, 6x6 symmetry, etc.) of the polyhedral surface feature 106. In another embodiment, the facets 110 of each polyhedral surface feature 106 converge toward each other at a facet angle greater than or equal to 0.5° and less than or equal to 12°. In another embodiment, the facets 110 may be triangular, rectangular, or trapezoidal. In another embodiment, the facets 110 converge to form at least one vertex 112a, 112b, 112c. In another embodiment, the vertex may be a sharp vertex 112a, a rounded vertex 112b, or a truncated vertex 112c.

[0131] Each polyhedral surface feature 106 has a base 108 comprising at least three edges 114. At least one edge 114 of the base 108 converges to at least another edge 114. In embodiments, the base 108 may be triangular, rectangular, or hexagonal. In embodiments, the surface feature size at the base 108 is greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 350 μm. In embodiments, the surface feature size at the base 108 is greater than or equal to 10 μm, greater than or equal to 20 μm, or even greater than or equal to 50 μm. In embodiments, the surface feature size at the base 108 is less than or equal to 350 μm, less than or equal to 300 μm, less than or equal to 250 μm, or even less than or equal to 200 μm. In the embodiment, the surface feature size at the base 108 is greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 350 μm, greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 300 μm, greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 250 μm, greater than or equal to 20 μm and less than or equal to 350 μm, greater than or equal to 20 μm and less than or equal to 300 μm, greater than or equal to 20 μm and less than or equal to 250 μm, greater than or equal to 50 μm and less than or equal to 350 μm, greater than or equal to 50 μm and less than or equal to 300 μm, or even greater than or equal to 50 μm and less than or equal to 250 μm, or any and all sub-ranges formed by these endpoints.

[0132] The structure of each polyhedral surface feature 106 helps to achieve an enhanced tactile feel that meets the requirements.

[0133] In one embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have a surface roughness greater than or equal to 2 μm or even greater than or equal to 4 μm. In another embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have a surface roughness Ra less than or equal to 12 μm or even less than or equal to 10 μm. In yet another embodiment, the textured glass article may have a surface roughness Ra greater than or equal to 2 μm and less than or equal to 12 μm, greater than or equal to 2 μm and less than or equal to 10 μm, greater than or equal to 4 μm and less than or equal to 12 μm, or even greater than or equal to 4 μm and less than or equal to 10 μm, or any and all subranges of surface roughness Ra formed by these endpoints.

[0134] In one embodiment, as represented by a relatively high average Sa, the textured glass article 100 containing multiple polyhedral surface features 106 can have a relatively rough surface compared to a textured glass article lacking polyhedral surface features. In another embodiment, as represented by a relatively high average Sq, the textured glass article 100 containing multiple polyhedral surface features 106 can have a relatively wider distribution of surface feature heights compared to a textured glass article lacking polyhedral surface features.

[0135] In one embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have an average Sa greater than or equal to 0.75 μm or even greater than or equal to 1 μm. In another embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have an average Sa less than or equal to 10 μm or even less than or equal to 5 μm. In yet another embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have an average Sa greater than or equal to 0.75 μm and less than or equal to 10 μm, greater than or equal to 0.75 μm and less than or equal to 5 μm, greater than or equal to 1 μm and less than or equal to 10 μm, or even greater than or equal to 1 μm and less than or equal to 5 μm, or any and all subranges formed by these endpoints.

[0136] In one embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have an average Sq greater than or equal to 1 μm or even greater than or equal to 1.25 μm. In another embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have an average Sq less than or equal to 2 μm or even less than or equal to 1.5 μm. In yet another embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have an average Sq greater than or equal to 1 μm and less than or equal to 2 μm, greater than or equal to 1 μm and less than or equal to 1.5 μm, greater than or equal to 1.25 μm and less than or equal to 2 μm, or even greater than or equal to 1.25 μm and less than or equal to 1.5 μm, or any and all subranges formed by these endpoints.

[0137] In implementation, as indicated by a relatively high average Sdr and a relatively high Sal, a textured glass article 100 containing multiple surface features 106 can have a relatively larger angled surface area and a larger distance between surface features compared to a textured glass article lacking polyhedral surface features.

[0138] In one embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have an average Sdr greater than or equal to 7%, greater than or equal to 10%, or even greater than or equal to 15%. In another embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have an average Sdr less than or equal to 25%, or even less than or equal to 20%. In yet another embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have an average Sdr greater than or equal to 7% and less than or equal to 25%, greater than or equal to 7% and less than or equal to 20%, greater than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 25%, greater than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 20%, greater than or equal to 15% and less than or equal to 25%, or even greater than or equal to 15% and less than or equal to 20%, or any and all subranges formed by these endpoints.

[0139] In one embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have a Sal greater than or equal to 0.020 mm or even greater than or equal to 0.025 mm. In another embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have a Sal less than or equal to 0.1 mm or even less than or equal to 0.09 mm. In yet another embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have a Sal greater than or equal to 0.020 mm and less than or equal to 0.1 mm, greater than or equal to 0.020 mm and less than or equal to 0.09 mm, greater than or equal to 0.025 mm and less than or equal to 0.1 mm, or even greater than or equal to 0.025 mm and less than or equal to 0.09 mm, or any and all subranges of Sal formed by these endpoints.

[0140] In embodiments, as indicated by a relatively high Spc value, compared to textured glass articles lacking polyhedral surface features, textured glass articles 100 containing multiple polyhedral surface features 106 can have a relatively high number of contact points with other objects due to the presence of sharp shapes. A relatively low Spc value indicates that the contact points between surface features have a more rounded shape. In embodiments, textured glass articles 100 can have a diameter greater than or equal to 8000 mm. -1 or even greater than or equal to 10000mm -1 The Spc. In an embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have a diameter of less than or equal to 17000 mm. -1 or even less than or equal to 15000mm -1 The Spc. In an embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have a size greater than or equal to 8000 mm. -1 And less than or equal to 17000mm -1 ≥8000mm -1 And less than or equal to 15000mm -1 ≥10000mm -1 And less than or equal to 17000mm -1 or even greater than or equal to 10000mm -1 And less than or equal to 15000mm -1 or any and all subranges of Spc formed by these endpoints.

[0141] In one embodiment, each of the plurality of polyhedral surface features 106 may include a dendritic structure extending from the base 108 of the polyhedral surface feature 106. (Refer to the preceding text) Figure 2 and Figure 3 As described, individual dendritic features may not provide significant tactile feedback or high reflectivity. However, when combined with polyhedral surface features 106, a textured surface that meets the requirements can be achieved.

[0142] Each polyhedral surface feature 106, comprising a flat, converging facet 110 and generally straight along a relatively large base 108, reflects light in different directions to achieve a “luminescent” (i.e., highly reflective) appearance. The “luminescent” appearance of textured glass articles, compared to those lacking polyhedral surface features, can be demonstrated by a relatively larger peak GU, FWHM, GU value range, skewness, and excess kurtosis.

[0143] A relatively high peak GU within the GU distribution corresponds to more light being reflected from the flat converging facets 110 of the polyhedral surface feature 106. In an embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have a peak GU greater than or equal to 50 GU, greater than or equal to 60 GU, greater than or equal to 70 GU, or even greater than or equal to 80 GU. In an embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have a peak GU less than or equal to 150 GU, less than or equal to 125 GU, less than or equal to 115 GU, or even less than or equal to 100 GU. In embodiments, textured glass articles may have the following properties: greater than or equal to 50 GU and less than or equal to 150 GU; greater than or equal to 50 GU and less than or equal to 125 GU; greater than or equal to 50 GU and less than or equal to 115 GU; greater than or equal to 50 GU and less than or equal to 100 GU; greater than or equal to 60 GU and less than or equal to 150 GU; greater than or equal to 60 GU and less than or equal to 125 GU; greater than or equal to 60 GU and less than or equal to 115 GU; greater than or equal to 60 GU and less than or equal to 100 GU; greater ...25 GU; greater than or equal to 60 GU and less than or equal to 125 GU; greater than or equal to 60 GU and less than or equal to 125 GU; greater than or equal to 60 GU and less than or equal to 125 GU; greater than or equal to 60 GU and less than Peak GU equal to 70 GU and less than or equal to 150 GU, greater than or equal to 70 GU and less than or equal to 125 GU, greater than or equal to 70 GU and less than or equal to 115 GU, greater than or equal to 70 GU and less than or equal to 100 GU, greater than or equal to 80 GU and less than or equal to 150 GU, greater than or equal to 80 GU and less than or equal to 125 GU, greater than or equal to 80 GU and less than or equal to 115 GU, greater than or equal to 80 GU and less than or equal to 100 GU, or any and all subranges formed by these endpoints.

[0144] A relatively larger range of FWHM and GU values ​​corresponds to a wider grayscale value distribution, which increases with the increase of surface feature size.

[0145] In one embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have a surface water volume (FWHM) greater than or equal to 20 GU or even greater than or equal to 25 GU. In another embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have an FWHM less than or equal to 40 GU or even less than or equal to 30 GU. In yet another embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have an FWHM greater than or equal to 20 GU and less than or equal to 40 GU, greater than or equal to 20 GU and less than or equal to 30 GU, greater than or equal to 25 GU and less than or equal to 40 GU, or even greater than or equal to 25 GU and less than or equal to 30 GU, or any and all subranges of FWHM formed by these endpoints.

[0146] In one embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have a range of GU values ​​greater than or equal to 100 GU or even greater than or equal to 125 GU. In another embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have a range of GU values ​​less than or equal to 250 GU or even less than or equal to 225 GU. In yet another embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have a range of GU values ​​greater than or equal to 100 GU and less than or equal to 250 GU, greater than or equal to 100 GU and less than or equal to 225 GU, greater than or equal to 125 GU and less than or equal to 250 GU, or even greater than or equal to 125 GU and less than or equal to 225 GU, or any and all subranges formed by these endpoints.

[0147] Skewness describes the asymmetry of grayscale distribution. A relatively large skewness corresponds to a large positive (“right-handed”) asymmetry relative to the average grayscale value, which indicates a larger high-intensity contribution to the distribution of light reflected from the flat converging facets 110 of the polyhedral surface feature 106 (e.g., beyond the upper limit of the 75% interquartile range). In embodiments, the textured glass article may have a skewness greater than or equal to 0.25 or even greater than or equal to 0.5. In embodiments, the textured glass article 100 may have a skewness less than or equal to 0.9 or even less than or equal to 0.75. In embodiments, the textured glass article 100 may have a skewness greater than or equal to 0.25 and less than or equal to 0.9, greater than or equal to 0.25 and less than or equal to 0.75, greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 0.9, or even greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 0.75, or any and all subranges formed by these endpoints.

[0148] Kurtosis provides a measure of outliers in a grayscale distribution. The more "heavy-tailed" the distribution, the more outliers it contains. Since the kurtosis of an ideal normal distribution is three, excess kurtosis (i.e., kurtosis minus three) is used to make comparisons with the normal distribution easier. By subtracting three, the kurtosis of the ideal normal distribution is thus shifted to zero, and any additional kurtosis in the sample distribution is called excess kurtosis. A relatively large excess kurtosis indicates the presence of significantly high-intensity grayscale outliers (e.g., outside the upper limit of the 75th percentile), corresponding to a larger high-intensity contribution to the distribution of light reflected from the flat converging facets 110 of the polyhedral surface feature 106. In one embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have an excess kurtosis greater than or equal to 0.5 or even greater than or equal to 1. In another embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have an excess kurtosis less than or equal to 3 or even less than or equal to 2.5. In an embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have excess kurtosis of greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 3, greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 2.5, greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, or even greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2.5, or any and all subranges formed by these endpoints.

[0149] Multiple scattering peaks in the BRDF spectrum represent light reflection from the flat converging facet 110 of the polyhedral surface feature 106. In an embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may produce a BRDF spectrum containing at least one peak appearing at a distance of at least 1°, at least 5°, or even at least 10° from the angle of incidence.

[0150] The transmission haze of the textured glass article 100 can be analyzed to control manufacturing quality. In one embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have a transmission haze greater than or equal to 40%, greater than or equal to 50%, or even greater than or equal to 60%. In another embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have a transmission haze less than or equal to 95%, or even less than or equal to 90%. In yet another embodiment, the textured glass article 100 may have a transmission haze greater than or equal to 40% and less than or equal to 95%, greater than or equal to 40% and less than or equal to 90%, greater than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 95%, greater than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 90%, greater than or equal to 60% and less than or equal to 95%, or even greater than or equal to 60% and less than or equal to 90%, or any and all subranges of transmission haze formed by these endpoints.

[0151] Now refer to Figure 6 200 represents a method for forming textured glass articles with multiple polyhedral surface features using a chemical etching process. In block 202, as... Figure 7As illustrated, an aluminosilicate glass article 300 comprising 16 wt% or more Al₂O₃ is initially provided. The aluminosilicate glass article 300 may be in the form of a plate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to and generally parallel to the first surface. In an embodiment, the aluminosilicate glass article 300 may be pre-cleaned with a cleaning solution comprising hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, or a combination thereof. In an embodiment, the amount of hydrofluoric acid in the cleaning solution may be 2.5 wt% or more and less than or equal to 10%. In an embodiment, the amount of hydrochloric acid in the cleaning solution may be 2 wt% or more and less than or equal to 10 wt%. In an embodiment, the concentration of hydrofluoric acid in the cleaning solution may be 1.5 M or more and less than or equal to 6 M. In an embodiment, the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the cleaning solution may be 0.6 M or more and less than or equal to 3 M.

[0152] Refer again Figure 6 The square 204 and as Figure 8 As illustrated, an aluminosilicate glass article 300 is brought into contact with an etchant. The etchant reacts with the aluminosilicate glass article 300, causing silicate and / or aluminate species to be released from the aluminosilicate glass article 300. The silicate and / or aluminate species combine with elements of the etchant to form precipitates. If these precipitates have low solubility in the etchant, they deposit on the surface of the aluminosilicate glass article 300 to form crystal seeds 302 (e.g., a salt crust).

[0153] like Figure 9 As illustrated, crystal seeds 302 grow as the etchant continues to react with the aluminosilicate glass article 300. Since the crystal seeds 302 are insoluble in the etchant, they act as an in-situ shield 304. The shield 304 seals a portion of the surface of the aluminosilicate glass article 300. The glass is etched away around the shield 304 to create a polyhedral surface feature 306. The shape of the polyhedral surface feature 306 can be determined by the shape of the shield 304, which can be altered by varying the composition of the etchant and / or the duration of contact between the etchant and the aluminosilicate glass article 200.

[0154] Refer again Figure 6 At block 206 and as follows Figure 10 As illustrated, the aluminosilicate glass article 300 is washed to remove etchant and crystal seeds 302 from its surface, and then dried to form a textured glass article 310 with polyhedral surface features 306. In one embodiment, deionized (DI) water is used to rinse away the etchant from the aluminosilicate glass article 300. In another embodiment, crystal seeds 302 adhering to the aluminosilicate glass article 300 may be removed, for example, by a washing sponge. (See again...) Figure 6In block 208, in this embodiment, the aluminosilicate glass article 300 is dried under ambient conditions. Alternatively, the aluminosilicate glass article 300 may be heated to dry the glass article.

[0155] To produce the desired textured surface on aluminosilicate glass articles comprising ≥16 wt% Al₂O₃, an etchant as described herein is prepared such that it preferentially generates silicon-based precipitates while minimizing the amount of aluminum-based precipitates. Silicon-based precipitates (e.g., metal fluorosilicates (MSiF₆)) result in large polyhedral surface features. Aluminum-based precipitates (e.g., metal fluoroaluminates (MAlF₅)) result in small dendritic surface features. Because aluminum-based precipitates have higher solubility at lower pH values ​​(e.g., at pH ≤2.2), the etchant with a lower pH value generates a greater amount of silicon-based precipitates compared to aluminum-based precipitates, resulting in the desired textured surface.

[0156] Accordingly, the etchant described herein has a pH value of less than or equal to 2.2. In embodiments, the etchant may have a pH value of less than or equal to 2.2, less than or equal to 1.9, less than or equal to 1.6, or even less than or equal to 1.3. An etchant with a pH value less than 1.3 may only produce silicon-based precipitates. Accordingly, in embodiments where the production of aluminum-based precipitates is undesirable, the etchant may have a pH value less than 1.3.

[0157] In implementation methods, the etchant may include salts and acids, as described in further detail herein.

[0158] The salt present in the etchant acts as a crystallization promoter, facilitating the formation of crystal seeds. In embodiments, the salt may include ammonium chloride, ammonium fluoride, ammonium bifluoride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium fluoride, potassium bifluoride, potassium nitrate, sodium chloride, sodium fluoride, sodium bifluoride, or combinations thereof. The amount of salt in the etchant should be high (e.g., greater than or equal to 5 wt%) to ensure the formation of crystal seeds. The amount of salt may be limited (e.g., less than or equal to 60 wt%) to reduce or prevent the precipitation of undissolved salt once solubility is reached. The etching (method) of undissolved salt may differ from that of the etchant and may result in a lack of uniformity across the textured glass surface. In embodiments, the etchant may include greater than or equal to 5 wt% and less than or equal to 60 wt%. In embodiments, the amount of salt in the etchant may be greater than or equal to 5 wt%, greater than or equal to 10 wt%, or even greater than or equal to 25 wt%. In embodiments, the amount of salt in the etchant may be less than or equal to 60 wt%, less than or equal to 50 wt%, or even less than or equal to 45 wt%. In embodiments, the amount of salt in the etchant may be greater than or equal to 5 wt% and less than or equal to 60 wt%, greater than or equal to 5 wt% and less than or equal to 50 wt%, greater than or equal to 5 wt% and less than or equal to 45 wt%, greater than or equal to 10 wt% and less than or equal to 60 wt%, greater than or equal to 10 wt% and less than or equal to 50 wt%, greater than or equal to 10 wt% and less than or equal to 45 wt%, greater than or equal to 25 wt% and less than or equal to 60 wt%, greater than or equal to 25 wt% and less than or equal to 50 wt%, or even greater than or equal to 25 wt% and less than or equal to 45 wt%, or any and all subranges formed by these endpoints.

[0159] The acid present in the etchant is used to dissolve the components of the glass network in aluminosilicate glass articles and form polyhedral surface features. In embodiments, the acid may include hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, bisulfate (e.g., sodium bisulfate), or combinations thereof. The amount of acid in the etchant should be high (e.g., greater than or equal to 2 wt%) to ensure etching of the glass and formation of textured glass articles. The amount of acid may be limited (e.g., less than or equal to 20 wt%) to ensure the production of large polyhedral surface features. When excessive acid is added, the polyhedral surface features can be etched to smaller dimensions, losing their enhanced tactile feel and highly reflective appearance. In embodiments, the etchant may include greater than or equal to 2 wt% and less than or equal to 20 wt%. In embodiments, the amount of acid in the etchant may be greater than or equal to 2 wt%, greater than or equal to 5 wt%, or even greater than or equal to 10 wt%. In embodiments, the amount of acid in the etchant may be less than or equal to 20 wt% or even less than or equal to 15 wt%. In embodiments, the amount of acid in the etchant may be greater than or equal to 2 wt% and less than or equal to 20 wt%, greater than or equal to 2 wt% and less than or equal to 15 wt%, greater than or equal to 5 wt% and less than or equal to 20 wt%, greater than or equal to 5 wt% and less than or equal to 15 wt%, greater than or equal to 10 wt% and less than or equal to 20 wt%, or even greater than or equal to 10 wt% and less than or equal to 15 wt%, or any and all subranges formed by these endpoints.

[0160] In embodiments, the etchant may further comprise a solvent. In embodiments, the solvent may comprise water, an acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid and / or hydrofluoric acid), or a combination thereof. In embodiments, the etchant may comprise greater than or equal to 40 wt% and less than or equal to 60 wt% of solvent. In embodiments, the amount of solvent in the etchant may be greater than or equal to 40 wt% or even greater than or equal to 45 wt%. In embodiments, the amount of solvent in the etchant may be less than or equal to 60 wt% or even less than or equal to 55 wt%. In embodiments, the amount of solvent in the etchant may be greater than or equal to 40 wt% and less than or equal to 60 wt%, greater than or equal to 40 wt% and less than or equal to 55 wt%, greater than or equal to 45 wt% and less than or equal to 60 wt%, or even greater than or equal to 45 wt% and less than or equal to 55 wt%, or any and all subranges formed by these endpoints. In embodiments, the etchant may comprise greater than or equal to 5 vol% and less than or equal to 15 vol% of solvent.

[0161] In this embodiment, the etchant is prepared by mixing the components and stirring for at least 12 hours (i.e., aging). After stirring, the supernatant is poured off and used as the etchant.

[0162] In an embodiment, the etchant may include 25 wt% and less than 45 wt% of ammonium chloride; 5 wt% and less than 15 wt% of hydrofluoric acid; and 40 wt% and less than 60 wt% of water.

[0163] In an embodiment, the etchant may include 25 wt% and less than 45 wt% of ammonium chloride; 5 wt% and less than 15 wt% of ammonium bifluoride; 5 wt% and less than 15 wt% of hydrofluoric acid; and 40 wt% and less than 60 wt% of water.

[0164] In an embodiment, the etchant may include 25 wt% and less than 45 wt% ammonium bifluoride; 10 wt% and less than 20 wt% hydrochloric acid; and 40 wt% and less than 60 wt% water.

[0165] In an embodiment, the etchant may include 10 wt% and 20 wt% potassium sulfate; 5 wt% and 15 wt% hydrofluoric acid; and 5 vol% and 15 vol% hydrochloric acid.

[0166] In an embodiment, the etchant may include 25 wt% and 45 wt% potassium chloride; 5 wt% and 15 wt% hydrofluoric acid; and 5 vol% and 15 vol% hydrochloric acid.

[0167] The textured glass products described herein can be used in a variety of applications, including, for example, back covers for consumer or commercial electronic devices such as smartphones, tablets, personal computers, ultra-thin laptops, televisions, and cameras. Figures 11 to 13 The illustrations in the middle contain exemplary articles of any textured glass articles disclosed herein. Specifically, Figures 11 to 13 The image shows a consumer electronic device 400, which includes a housing 402 having a front surface 404, a rear surface 406, and side surfaces 408; electronic components (not shown) at least partially or entirely located within the housing, and including at least a controller, memory, and a display 410 located on or adjacent to the front surface of the housing; and a cover substrate 412 located on or above the front surface of the housing such that it is above the display. In embodiments, a portion of the housing 402, such as the rear surface 406, may contain any textured glasswork disclosed herein.

[0168] Example

[0169] To make the various implementations easier to understand, refer to the following examples, which illustrate various implementations of the textured glass articles described herein.

[0170] The glass articles having glass compositions 1 to 3 as shown in Table 1 are processed as described below.

[0171] Table 1 shows the composition of glass articles 1 to 3 as described below. Note that references to "glass article 1," "glass article 2," and "glass article 3" refer to glass articles having the corresponding compositions shown in Table 1. References to glass articles 1 to 3 do not refer to the same glass articles 1 to 3 that have been treated multiple times with various etchants.

[0172] Table 1

[0173]

[0174] Example 1 - Ratio of higher and lower pH etchants Comparison

[0175] Table 2 shows the composition of comparative etchant 1 and etchant 1 of Example 1. Table 3 shows the corresponding processing time, the corresponding properties of the resulting textured glass articles, and the corresponding composition of the etchant precipitates.

[0176] Comparatively textured glass articles CG are formed by treating glass articles 1 and 2 with comparative etchant 1 and the etchant 1 of the embodiment. A With CG B Textured glass products EG (Examples) A With EG B The glass slides were 50mm x 50mm x 1.1mm in size. Before treatment with the appropriate etchant, the glass slides were pre-cleaned for 4 minutes with a 3M HF / 2.4M HCl solution. The glass slides were then treated with the appropriate etchant by vertically immersing them in the etchant and holding them for the times shown in Table 3. The glass slides were then removed from the etchant and rinsed with deionized water. A salt crust adhering to the glass slides was removed using a washing sponge. The glass slides were then dried under ambient conditions to form the textured glass slides of the respective embodiments.

[0177] Table 2

[0178]

[0179] Table 3

[0180]

[0181] Comparative etchant 1 was used to treat glass articles 1 and 2 in examples to form comparative textured glass article CG. A and CG B Its surface is like Figure 2 and 3 As depicted. As shown in the figure, the textured glass products CGA and CGB exhibit small dendritic features. Now refer to... Figure 14 Table 3 shows the composition of the etchant precipitates obtained from treating glass products 1 and 2 with comparative etchant 1, determined by XRD analysis. For example, Figure 14 The image shows a comparative textured glass product CG. B The XRD spectrum contains peaks indicating the presence of metal fluorosilicates (MSiF6) and fluoroaluminates (MAlF6). Based on this, the resulting comparative textured glass article CG... A and CG B The etchant precipitate contains a mixture of metal fluorosilicates (MSiF6) and fluoroaluminates (MAlF6). While not wishing to be bound by theory, the fluoroaluminate precipitate exhibits small dendritic features. For example... Figure 2 , 3 Examples in Tables 14 and 2 and 3 illustrate how treating aluminosilicate glass articles containing more than 16 wt% Al2O3 with a higher pH value (e.g., greater than 2.2) yields small (e.g., less than 10 μm) dendritic features.

[0182] The texturized glass articles EG of Examples 1 and 2 are formed by treating them with etchant 1 of Examples 1 and 2. A and EG B .exist Figure 15 The surface of a textured glass article EGB is depicted in the figure. As shown in the figure, an embodiment of a textured glass article EG is illustrated. B It possesses a large polyhedral crystal structure. (Refer to...) Figure 16 Table 3 shows the composition of the etchant precipitates obtained by treating glass articles 1 and 3 with etchant 1 in Example 1, determined by XRD analysis. For example, Figure 16 The illustrated embodiment of textured glass article EG B XR D The spectrum contains peaks indicating the presence of metal fluorosilicate-type precipitates [i.e., SiF6-containing precipitates, such as cubic hieratite and demartinite], and does not contain any peaks indicating the presence of fluoroaluminate-type precipitates (i.e., aluminum-containing precipitates). Accordingly, the resulting texturized glass article EG of the embodiment... A and EG B The etchant precipitate contains metal fluorosilicate-type precipitates but not any fluoroaluminate-type precipitates. Although not wishing to be bound by theory, the precipitation of only metal fluorosilicate-type precipitates yields large polyhedral structures. For example... Figure 15 and 16As illustrated in Tables 2 and 3, treating aluminosilicate glass articles containing more than 16 wt% Al2O3 with an etchant of a lower pH value (e.g., less than or equal to 2.2) will result in large (e.g., greater than or equal to 10 μm) polyhedral surface features.

[0183] Example 2: Ammonium Salt Etching Agent

[0184] Table 4 shows the composition of etchants 1 to 4 in the ammonium salt examples. Table 5 shows the corresponding processing time and properties of the resulting textured glass articles. Textured glass article EG of the examples was formed by treating glass article 1 with etchants 2 to 5 in the examples. C To EG F The glass slides were 50mm x 50mm x 1.1mm in size. Before treatment with the appropriate ammonium etchant, the glass slides were pre-cleaned for 2 minutes with a 5wt% HF / HCl solution. The glass slides were then treated with the appropriate etchant by vertically immersing them in the etchant and holding them for the times shown in Table 4. The glass slides were then removed from the etchant and rinsed with deionized water. A salt crust adhering to the glass slides was removed using a washing sponge. The glass slides were then dried under ambient conditions to form the textured glass slides of the respective embodiments.

[0185] Table 4

[0186]

[0187] Table 5

[0188]

[0189]

[0190] Etching agent 2 of Example was prepared by mixing 40 wt% ammonium chloride, 8 wt% hydrofluoric acid, and 52 wt% water. After stirring for 12 hours, the supernatant was poured into a polyethylene vial for treating glass products 1.

[0191] The glass article 1 was treated with etchant 2 in Example 1 to form the textured glass article EG in Example 1. C At different magnifications Figure 17 and 18 The surface is depicted. The resulting surface features have a pyramidal shape and a size of 292 μm. The vertices of the surface features are sharp, and the facets are triangular or rectangular. The base of the surface features contains a dendritic structure extending from the base of each surface feature. Example: Textured glass article EG C The transmission haze is 88.9%, and the surface roughness Ra is 9.909 μm.

[0192] Etching agent 3 of Example 3 was prepared by mixing 40 wt% ammonium chloride, 8 wt% hydrofluoric acid, and 52 wt% water. After stirring for 12 hours, the supernatant was poured into a polyethylene vial for treating glass products 2. 10 wt% ammonium bifluoride was added to the supernatant, and stirring was carried out for an additional 2 hours.

[0193] The glass article 1 was treated with etchant 3 in Example 1 to form the textured glass article EG in Example 1. C At different magnifications Figure 19 and 20 The surface is depicted. The resulting surface feature has a pyramidal shape and a size of 65 μm. The vertices of the surface feature are sharp. The facets are triangular or rectangular. The base of the surface feature contains a dendritic structure extending from the base. Example: Textured glass article EG D It has a transmission haze of 94.4% and a surface roughness Ra of 2.307 μm.

[0194] Etching agent 4 of Example 4 was prepared by mixing 32 wt% ammonium bifluoride, 18 wt% hydrochloric acid, and 50 wt% water. After stirring for 12 hours, the supernatant was poured into a polyethylene vial for treating glass products 1.

[0195] The glass article 1 was treated with etchant 4 in Example 1 to form the textured glass article EG in Example 1. E At different magnifications Figure 21 and 22 The surface is depicted. The resulting surface feature has a pyramidal shape and a size of 83 μm. The vertices of the surface feature are sharp. The facets are rectangular. The base of the surface feature does not contain dendritic structures. Example: Textured glass article EG E It has a transmission haze of 81.5% and a surface roughness Ra of 6.295 μm.

[0196] Etching agent 5 of Example 5 was prepared by mixing 27 wt% ammonium bifluoride, 15 wt% hydrochloric acid, and 58 wt% water. After stirring for 12 hours, the supernatant was poured into a polyethylene vial for treating glass products 1.

[0197] The glass article 1 was treated with etchant 5 in Example 1 to form the textured glass article EG in Example 1. F At different magnifications Figure 23 and 24 The surface is depicted. The resulting surface feature has a pyramidal shape and a size of 294 μm. The vertices of the surface feature are sharp, and the facets are triangular. The base of the surface feature does not contain dendritic structures. Example: Textured glass article EG F It has a transmission haze of 69.9% and a surface roughness Ra of 4.841 μm.

[0198] like Figures 17 to 24 As illustrated in Tables 4 and 5, an etchant with a pH value less than or equal to 2.2 is used to treat aluminosilicate glass articles containing more than or equal to 16 wt% Al2O3 to form polyhedral surface features, the surface feature size of which at the base is greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 350 μm.

[0199] Example 3: Potassium Salt Etching Agent

[0200] Table 6 shows the potassium salt etchants 6 to 8. Table 7 shows the corresponding processing times and properties of the resulting textured glass articles. Textured glass articles EG of Examples 1 to 3 were formed by treating glass articles 1 to 3 with etchants 6 to 8 of Examples. G To EG M Etching agents 6 to 8 of Examples were prepared by mixing the components shown in Table 6. After stirring for 12 hours, the supernatant was poured into a polyethylene vial for treating the glass articles of the corresponding Examples. A 50mm x 50mm x 1.1mm glass slide was pre-cleaned for 4 minutes with a 3M HF / 2.4M HCl solution. The glass article was treated with the etching agent by vertically immersing it in the etchant and holding it for 8 minutes. The glass article was then removed from the etchant and rinsed with deionized water. A salt crust adhering to the glass article was removed using a washing sponge. The glass article was then dried under ambient conditions to form the textured glass article of the corresponding Examples.

[0201] Table 6

[0202]

[0203] Table 7

[0204]

[0205]

[0206] The texturized glass articles EG of Examples 1 to 3 were obtained by treating glass articles 1 to 3 with etchant 6. G EG H and EG I Their surfaces are respectively like Figure 25 , 26 As illustrated in Figure 27. Due to the addition of HCl, the etchant 6 in Example 6 exhibits a low pH value of approximately 0, producing highly reflective polyhedral surface features on glass products.

[0207] The texturized glass product EG of Example 2 was obtained by treating glass product 2 with etchant 7. J Its surface is like Figure 28The highly reflective polyhedral surface features produced by etchant 7 in Example 1 are greater than those achieved by etchant 6 in Example 2, as depicted in the text. Figure 26 As shown in the diagram. Figure 26 and 28 The example illustrates that reducing the amount of hydrofluoric acid in the etchant results in relatively larger surface features. However, not wanting to be bound by theory, hydrochloric acid dissolves precipitates better than hydrofluoric acid. Therefore, reducing the amount of hydrofluoric acid lowers the crystal seed density, allowing the crystal seeds to grow larger and resulting in relatively larger surface features.

[0208] The texturized glass articles EG of Examples 1 to 3 were obtained by treating glass articles 1 to 3 with etchant 8. K EG L and EG M Their surfaces are respectively like Figure 29 , 30 As described in 31. Due to the addition of HCl, the etchant 8 in Example 8 exhibits a low pH of approximately 0, producing highly reflective polyhedral surface features on glass articles.

[0209] The texturized glass product EG of Example 2 is obtained by treating glass product 2 with etchant 1. B Its surface is like Figure 15 The highly reflective polyhedral crystal structure produced by etchant 1 in Example 1 is greater than the highly reflective polyhedral crystal structure achieved by etchant 8 in Example 2. Figure 30 As shown in the diagram. Figure 15 and 30 The example illustrates that reducing the amount of hydrofluoric acid in the etchant can result in relatively larger surface features.

[0210] Example 4: Surface structure data and optical characteristics

[0211] Table 8 shows a comparison of etchants 2 and 3 with etchants 9 and 10 in Examples. Table 9 shows the corresponding processing times and properties of the resulting textured glass articles.

[0212] By treating glass article 2 with comparative etchants 2 and 3, example etchant 1 (as shown in Table 2), and etchants 9 and 10, a comparatively textured glass article CG is formed. C and CG D Textured glass articles EG (Examples) N EG O and EG PThe glass slides were 50mm x 50mm x 1.1mm in size. Before treatment with the appropriate ammonium etchant, the glass slides were pre-cleaned for 2 minutes with a 3MHF / 2.4M HCl solution. The glass slides were then treated with the appropriate etchant by vertically immersing them in the etchant and holding them for the times shown in Table 9. The glass slides were then removed from the etchant and rinsed with deionized water. A salt crust adhering to the glass slides was removed using a washing sponge. The glass slides were then dried under ambient conditions to form the textured glass slides of the respective embodiments.

[0213] Table 8

[0214]

[0215] Table 9

[0216]

[0217]

[0218] Surface structure data

[0219] Now refer to Figures 32 to 41 The image generated using a white light interferometer is used to calculate surface structure data, including the average Sa, average Sq, average Sdr, Sal, and Spc of the resulting textured glass artifacts shown in Table 9.

[0220] Example: Textured glass products EG N EG O and EG P The average Sa and average Sq, on average, are compared to textured glass products CG. C The average Sa and average Sq are 58% higher, and on average, they are higher than those of textured glass products CG. D The average Sa and average Sq are 194% higher. The higher average Sa of the textured glass articles of the embodiments indicates that these surfaces are rougher than those of the comparative textured glass articles; the higher average Sq of the textured glass articles of the embodiments, compared with the comparative textured glass articles, indicates that the distribution of surface feature heights in the textured glass articles of the embodiments is wider.

[0221] Example: Textured glass products EG N EG O and EG P The average Sdr and Sal values ​​are higher than those of CG textured glass products. C and CG DThe average Sdr and Sal. Compared with the comparative textured glass articles, the higher average Sdr and Sa of the textured glass articles of the examples indicate larger angular surface areas and greater distances between surface features.

[0222] Example: Textured glass products EG N EG O EG P The Spc is larger than that of textured glass CG. C The Spc is 2 to 5 times larger than that of textured glass artifacts in CG. D The Spc is 4 to 7 times higher. Due to its sharper shape compared to comparative textured glass articles, the higher Spc of the textured glass articles in this embodiment indicates a relatively higher number of contact points with other objects.

[0223] like Figures 32 to 41 As illustrated in Table 9, treating aluminosilicate glass articles containing 16 wt% or more Al2O3 with an etchant having a pH value less than or equal to 2.2 results in the formation of polyhedral surface features demonstrated by relatively larger average Sa, average Sq, average Sdr, Sal, and Spc.

[0224] Gray scale distribution

[0225] Referring again to Table 9, the texturized glass product EG of the embodiment N EG O and EG P The peak GU, on average, is higher than that of textured glass CG. C The peak value of GU is 58% higher, and on average it is higher than that of textured glass products CG. D The peak GU is 32% higher. A higher peak GU indicates that more light is reflected from the surface of the textured glass article of the embodiment compared to the comparative textured glass article.

[0226] Example: Textured glass products EG N EG O and EG P FWHM, on average, is better than CG textured glass products. C and CG D Both have a 60% larger FWHM. Example: Textured glass product EG N EG O and EG P The range of GU values, on average, is greater than that of textured glass products with CG. C The GU value range is 150% larger, and on average it is better than that of textured glass products with CG. DThe range of GU values ​​is greater than 100%. A higher range of FWHM and GU values ​​indicates a relatively wider distribution of grayscale values ​​obtained for the polyhedral surface features of the textured glass article in the embodiment.

[0227] Example: Textured glass products EG N EG O and EG P The skewness, on average, is higher than that of textured glass products CG. C The skewness is greater than 190%, and on average it is greater than that of textured glass products CG. D The skewness is greater than 600%. (Comparison with textured glass products CG) C and CG D The skewness is close to zero, indicating symmetry with respect to the height of the main peak. On the other hand, the texturized glass article EG (example) N EG O and EG P The skewness is notably greater than any of the comparative textured glass articles, and is a positive value. The positive value indicates a longer "tail" on the right side of the textured glass article of the embodiment, and therefore a greater high-intensity contribution to light distribution compared to the comparative textured glass articles.

[0228] The excess kurtosis of textured glass artifacts shows the same trend as that of comparative textured glass artifacts (CG). C and CG D In comparison, the texturized glass article EG in the embodiment N EG O and EG P The excess peak value increased by an average of 660% and 810%. Example: Textured glass article EG N EG O EG P The excess kurtosis ranges from 0.95 to over 2.00, while the comparison with textured glass CG... C and CG D The value has an excess kurtosis below 0.020. The excess kurtosis level of the textured glass article in the embodiment indicates that there are significant grayscale outliers in the polyhedral surface structure of the textured glass article in the embodiment.

[0229] As illustrated in Table 9, treating aluminosilicate glass articles containing 16 wt% or more Al2O3 with an etchant having a pH value less than or equal to 2.2 creates polyhedral surface features that achieve a “luminescent” (i.e., highly reflective) appearance, as evidenced by the relatively larger peak GU, FWHM, range of GU values, skewness, and excess kurtosis.

[0230] Two-way reflection distribution function (BRDF)

[0231] Using a Reflet 180S goniometer along, as shown... Figure 42 The BRDF spectrum, as shown in the figure, was measured on a plane parallel to the incident light field between -90° and 90°. Figures 43 to 46 The image shown is a comparative textured glass artifact CG measured using a complete angle scattering instrument (CASI). C and CG D Textured glass articles EG (Examples) N EG O EG P and BRDF spectrum, such as Figures 47 to 56 The diagram in the document is shown.

[0232] Now refer to Figures 43 to 46 The figures illustrate BRDF spectra as scattering functions measured at incident angles of incidence (AOI) of 20°, 40°, 50°, and 60°. The troughs on the left side of the spectrum are attributed to light blocking by the detector. The reference line R in the plot corresponds to a flat glass article and, in the absence of texturing, shows a narrow specular reflection peak centered on the corresponding AOI. On the other hand, the embodiment shows a textured glass article EG. N EG O and EG P The texturized glass article of the embodiment exhibits broad specular reflection across the AOI, indicating its "luminescent" properties at various viewing angles. Furthermore, multiple scattering peaks can be identified in the BRDF spectrum of the texturized glass article of the embodiment as the AOI increases from 20° to 60°. Specifically, the texturized glass article EG of the embodiment... N EG O and EG P There is not only a peak within the reference line, but also a peak near 70°.

[0233] Now refer to Figure 47 Comparative texturing of glass products in CG C It features conventional surface texturing. Figure 48 The corresponding BRDF spectrum shown does not exhibit any indication of a secondary peak.

[0234] Now refer to Figure 49 Comparative texturing of glass products in CG D It exhibits a dendritic surface texture. Due to its dendritic structure, Figure 50 The corresponding BRDF spectrum shown in the figure reveals evidence of some secondary peaks (SP).

[0235] Now refer to Figure 51 , 53 And 55, Example of textured glass article EG N EG O and EG PIt has a polyhedral surface structure. Figure 52 , 54 The corresponding BRDF spectrum shown in Figure 56 exhibits two prominent secondary peaks, SP, which are separated from the main peak at an angle of approximately 15° to 20°. Although it is not desirable to be bound by theory, it is believed that the secondary peaks observed in the BRDF spectrum of the textured glass article of the embodiment originate from the high reflectivity characteristics of the facets of the polyhedral surface structure.

[0236] like Figures 43 to 56 The example illustrates how treating aluminosilicate glass articles containing 16 wt% or more Al2O3 with an etchant having a pH value of less than or equal to 2.2 creates polyhedral surface features that achieve a “luminescent” (i.e., highly reflective) appearance, as evidenced by multiple scattering peaks observed in the BRDF spectrum.

[0237] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed subject matter. Therefore, this specification is intended to cover improvements and variations to the various embodiments described herein, provided that such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A textured glass article, comprising: a body comprising an alumino-silicate glass comprising greater than or equal to 16 wt% AI2O3, the body having at least a first surface; and a plurality of polyhedral surface features extending from the first surface, each polyhedral surface feature of the plurality of polyhedral surface features comprising a base on the first surface, a plurality of facets extending from the first surface, and a surface feature size at the base greater than or equal to 10 pm and less than or equal to 350 pm, wherein the plurality of facets of each polyhedral surface feature converge toward one another, and wherein the textured glass article has a transmission haze greater than or equal to 40%.

2. The textured glass article of claim 1, wherein the plurality of facets of each polyhedral surface feature converge toward one another to form at least one apex that is sharp, rounded, or truncated.

3. The textured glass article of claim 1, wherein the textured glass article has a surface roughness Ra greater than or equal to 2 pm.

4. The textured glass article of claim 1, wherein the surface feature size is greater than or equal to 20 pm.

5. The textured glass article of claim 1, wherein the base of each polyhedral surface feature of the plurality of polyhedral surface features comprises at least three edges, at least one edge converging toward at least another edge.

6. The textured glass article of claim 1, wherein each polyhedral surface feature of the plurality of polyhedral surface features comprises a dendritic structure extending from the base.

7. The textured glass article of claim 1, wherein the textured glass article has an average surface roughness Sa greater than or equal to 0.75 pm and less than or equal to 10 pm.

8. The textured glass article of claim 1, wherein the textured glass article has an average root mean square height Sq greater than or equal to 1 pm and less than or equal to 2 pm.

9. The textured glass article of claim 1, wherein the textured glass article has an average developed interfacial area Sdr greater than or equal to 7% and less than or equal to 25%.

10. The textured glass article of claim 1, wherein the textured glass article has a fastest decay autocorrelation length Sal greater than or equal to 0.020 mm and less than or equal to 0.1 mm.

11. The textured glass article of claim 1, wherein the textured glass article has an average peak curvature greater than or equal to 8000 mm -1 and less than or equal to 17000 mm -1 .

12. The textured glass article of claim 1, wherein the textured glass article has a peak maximum greater than or equal to 50 GU and less than or equal to 150 GU.

13. The textured glass article of claim 1, wherein the textured glass article has a full width at half maximum greater than or equal to 20 GU and less than or equal to 40 GU.

14. The textured glass article of claim 1, wherein the textured glass article has a GU value range greater than or equal to 100 GU and less than or equal to 250 GU.

15. The textured glass article of claim 1, wherein the textured glass article has a skew greater than or equal to 0.25 and less than or equal to 0.

9.

16. The textured glass article of claim 1, wherein the textured glass article has an excess kurtosis greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 3.

17. The textured glass article of claim 1, wherein the textured glass article has a bidirectional reflectance distribution function spectrum comprising at least one peak occurring at an angle of incidence away from at least 1°.

18. The textured glass article of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the aluminosilicate glass comprises: Si02 greater than or equal to 52 wt% and less than or equal to 62 wt%; AI2O3 greater than or equal to 16 wt% and less than or equal to 28 wt%; B2O3 greater than or equal to 0 wt% and less than or equal to 5 wt%; Na20 greater than or equal to 8 wt% and less than or equal to 13 wt%; K2O greater than or equal to 0 wt% and less than or equal to 0.2 wt%; Li20 greater than or equal to 0 wt% and less than or equal to 4 wt%; and MgO greater than or equal to 0 wt% and less than or equal to 1.5 wt%.

19. The textured glass article of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the aluminosilicate glass comprises: Si02 greater than or equal to 52 wt% and less than or equal to 67 wt%; AI2O3 greater than or equal to 16 wt% and less than or equal to 28 wt%; B2O3 greater than or equal to 0 wt% and less than or equal to 5 wt%; Na20 greater than or equal to 8 wt% and less than or equal to 15 wt%; K2O greater than or equal to 0 wt% and less than or equal to 0.2 wt%; Li20 greater than or equal to 0 wt% and less than or equal to 4 wt%; and MgO greater than or equal to 0 wt% and less than or equal to 5 wt%.

20. The textured glass article of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the textured glass article is an electronic device back cover.

21. A method of forming a textured glass article, the method comprising the steps of: contacting an aluminosilicate glass article with an etchant, wherein the aluminosilicate glass article comprises AI2O3 greater than or equal to 16 wt% and has at least one surface, and the etchant comprises a pH less than or equal to 2.2; rinsing the aluminosilicate glass article; and drying the aluminosilicate glass article to form the textured glass article, the textured glass article comprising a plurality of polyhedral surface features extending from a first surface of the textured glass article, each polyhedral surface feature of the plurality of polyhedral surface features comprising a base on the first surface, a plurality of facets extending from the first surface, and a surface feature size at the base greater than or equal to 10 pm and less than or equal to 350 pm, wherein the plurality of facets of each polyhedral surface feature converge toward one another, wherein the etchant comprises, based on 100 wt% of the etchant: salt greater than or equal to 5 wt% and less than or equal to 60 wt%; hydrofluoric acid greater than or equal to 5 wt% and less than or equal to 15 wt%; and acid greater than or equal to 2 wt% and less than or equal to 20 wt%.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the etchant has a pH less than or equal to 1.

9.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein the textured glass article has a transmitted haze greater than or equal to 40%.

24. The method of claim 21, wherein the salt comprises ammonium chloride, ammonium bifluoride, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, or a combination thereof.

25. The method of claim 21, wherein the acid comprises hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, or a combination thereof.

26. The method of any one of claims 21 to 25, wherein contacting the aluminosilicate glass article with the etchant produces more silicon-based precipitates than aluminum-based precipitates.

27. The method of any one of claims 21 to 25, wherein the etchant comprises: greater than or equal to 25 wt% and less than or equal to 45 wt% ammonium chloride; greater than or equal to 5 wt% and less than or equal to 15 wt% hydrofluoric acid; and greater than or equal to 40 wt% and less than or equal to 60 wt% water.

28. The method of any one of claims 21 to 25, wherein the etchant comprises: greater than or equal to 25 wt% and less than or equal to 45 wt% ammonium chloride; greater than or equal to 5 wt% and less than or equal to 15 wt% ammonium bifluoride; greater than or equal to 5 wt% and less than or equal to 15 wt% hydrofluoric acid; and greater than or equal to 40 wt% and less than or equal to 60 wt% water.

29. The method of any one of claims 21 to 25, wherein the etchant comprises: greater than or equal to 25 wt% and less than or equal to 45 wt% ammonium chloride; greater than or equal to 10 wt% and less than or equal to 20 wt% hydrochloric acid; and greater than or equal to 40 wt% and less than or equal to 60 wt% water.

30. The method of any one of claims 21 to 25, wherein the etchant comprises: greater than or equal to 10 wt% and less than or equal to 20 wt% potassium sulfate; greater than or equal to 5 wt% and less than or equal to 15 wt% hydrofluoric acid; and greater than or equal to 5 vol% and less than or equal to 15 vol% hydrochloric acid.

31. The method of any one of claims 21 to 25, wherein the etchant comprises: greater than or equal to 25 wt% and less than or equal to 45 wt% potassium chloride; greater than or equal to 5 wt% and less than or equal to 15 wt% hydrofluoric acid; and greater than or equal to 5 vol% and less than or equal to 15 vol% hydrochloric acid.

32. A consumer electronic device comprising: a housing having a front surface, a back surface, and side surfaces; an electrical assembly at least partially housed within the housing, the electrical assembly including at least a controller, a memory, and a display, the display disposed at or adjacent to the front surface of the housing; wherein the back surface of the housing comprises the textured glass article of any one of claims 1 to 17. ​ ​ ​ ​

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