A tunnel collapse monitoring device for mining and a tunnel collapse warning method

Abstract

The application discloses a tunnel collapse monitoring device and a tunnel collapse warning method, and relates to the technical field of mining. The collapse real-time monitoring device comprises a reference positioning device, a collapse warning triggering device and a feedback alarm device. The reference positioning device and the collapse warning triggering device are assembled with each other and are located above the outside of the mining tunnel. The feedback alarm device is located in the inside of the mining tunnel and corresponds to the location of the collapse warning triggering device. The application is used for monitoring the collapse of the tunnel when mining in the mountain with small slope and low height. According to the planned mining direction and length, the collapse real-time monitoring device is arranged above the mining tunnel in advance. The signs before the collapse are monitored by the collapse real-time monitoring device, and the warning signal is transmitted to the people in the mining tunnel in time. The warning feedback speed is fast, and the specific collapse position can be warned.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining technology, specifically to a tunnel collapse monitoring device and a tunnel collapse warning method. Background Technology

[0002] Mining collapse refers to geological hazards such as collapses, landslides, and mudslides caused by the destruction or deformation of underground or surface geological bodies due to mining activities. Mining collapses can cause serious economic and social impacts, and may even endanger the lives and property of workers and nearby residents. Therefore, the research and application of mining collapse monitoring and early warning technologies are crucial, as they can help mining companies achieve safe, efficient, and sustainable development.

[0003] Currently, mining collapse monitoring technologies include a variety of methods such as vibration monitoring, tiltmeter monitoring, ground horizontal displacement monitoring, groundwater level monitoring, magnetic surveying, and non-destructive testing such as ultrasound. In addition, advanced remote sensing technologies, such as satellite remote sensing and UAV remote sensing, can also be used for mining collapse monitoring. These technologies are all large-scale monitoring technologies; by monitoring the entire mountain, any signs of collapse will be promptly reported.

[0004] However, collapses are caused by the instability of the mountain's structure. These collapses accumulate gradually, starting with cracks appearing in the mountain, widening, and then causing slight subsidence. Once a critical point is reached, a sudden subsidence occurs, leading to a collapse. This is especially true in mining, where collapses often begin directly above the mining tunnel. The collapse monitoring technology described above cannot identify or capture these initial cracks in the mountain, nor can it accurately determine their location. This makes it impossible to accurately pinpoint the collapse point; it only provides an indication that a collapse is expected to occur so that people can evacuate as quickly as possible. Because the collapse point cannot be accurately located, if it happens to be on the evacuation route, it can endanger the lives of those evacuating, posing a significant safety hazard. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned background art, and to propose a tunnel collapse monitoring device and a tunnel collapse warning method for mining.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A tunnel collapse monitoring device for mining includes a series of real-time collapse monitoring devices installed above the exterior of the mining tunnel within a mountain, following the mining progress. These devices are aligned with the mining tunnel and are of equal length. The real-time collapse monitoring device includes a reference positioning device, a collapse warning triggering device, and a feedback alarm device. The reference positioning device and the collapse warning triggering device are assembled together and are both located above the exterior of the mining tunnel. The feedback alarm device is located inside the mining tunnel and corresponds vertically to the location of the collapse warning triggering device.

[0008] By adopting the above scheme, a mining path is designed before the mountain is mined. Based on the mining path, real-time collapse monitoring devices of the same length and direction as the mining tunnel are pre-installed or cumulatively installed above the outside of the mining tunnel. Each set of real-time collapse monitoring devices is placed side by side with a spacing of - meters. If signs of collapse appear, cracks or slight local subsidence will begin to appear above the outside of the mining tunnel. At this time, the cracks or slight local subsidence will be detected by the real-time collapse monitoring devices set at the corresponding locations, and then the signals will be fed back to the inside of the mining tunnel at the corresponding locations to warn personnel to evacuate. This can accurately determine the collapse point, and based on the location of the collapse point, a quick and correct evacuation route can be formulated to avoid being affected by the location of the collapse point during the evacuation.

[0009] As a further preferred embodiment, the reference positioning device includes a reference monitoring box, with side support rods fixed on both sides of the reference monitoring box, and a horizontal positioning seat fixed at the bottom of the side support rods. The horizontal positioning seat is driven into the mountain through the positioning rods.

[0010] An injection port is provided on the top of the reference monitoring box from the outside to the inside, and a one-way injection valve is installed at the injection port inside the reference monitoring box.

[0011] By adopting the above scheme, the reference monitoring box serves as the monitoring reference. It is supported and fixed by the side support rod. Trigger liquid is injected into the reference monitoring box from the injection port for real-time monitoring.

[0012] As a further preferred embodiment, the one-way injection valve includes a valve core, which is correspondingly disposed at the injection port and completely blocks the injection port. Both sides of the valve core are mounted through a guide shaft, and a stop is fixed at the end of the guide shaft. A spring located below the valve core is sleeved on the guide shaft.

[0013] By adopting the above scheme, the valve core, under the elastic action of spring one, always pushes the valve core to completely block the injection port; one of the functions of the one-way injection valve is to ensure that the trigger liquid is injected into the reference monitoring box, and automatically closes after injection to prevent external factors from entering the reference monitoring box and causing influence; another function of the one-way injection valve is to ensure that the air pressure inside the reference monitoring box is not lower than the external air pressure.

[0014] As a further preferred embodiment, the collapse warning triggering device includes a vertically arranged trigger sleeve, the inside of which is hollow, and a receiving cylinder is also installed inside the trigger sleeve. Multiple evenly distributed guide shafts are fixed around the lower part of the receiving cylinder. The guide shafts are installed through a reference plate fixed inside the trigger sleeve. A stop is fixed at the lower end of the guide shaft. A spring is mounted on the guide shaft above the reference plate.

[0015] A conductor is fixed in the middle of the lower part of the receiving cylinder. A conductor is fixed directly below the conductor and above the reference plate. The net weight of the receiving cylinder is insufficient to compress the spring to make the conductors 1 and 2 come into contact. A signal transmitter is fixed below the reference plate. The conductors 1 and 2 are connected to the switch of the signal transmitter through circuits. A battery is installed below the signal transmitter and the signal transmitter is connected to the battery for power supply.

[0016] The bottom of the trigger sleeve is also fixed with a horizontal positioning seat two, and the periphery of the horizontal positioning seat two is chiseled into the mountain through a positioning rod two.

[0017] The top of the trigger sleeve extends into the reference monitoring box, which is also equipped with a blocking device, and the top of the trigger sleeve supports the blocking device.

[0018] By adopting the above scheme, once cracks or slight local subsidence begin to appear, the trigger sleeve will sink along with it, and the triggering liquid will enter the trigger sleeve and then fall into the receiving cylinder. At this time, the receiving cylinder becomes heavier, compressing the second spring, and the first conductor comes into contact with the second conductor. At this time, after the switch of the first transmitter forms a closed circuit, the trigger transmitter is activated and sends a feedback signal to the feedback alarm device to warn personnel that they need to evacuate.

[0019] As a further preferred embodiment, the feedback alarm device includes a signal receiver, a buzzer, and a second battery. The signal receiver is connected to the buzzer for control and is also connected to the second battery for power supply.

[0020] By adopting the above scheme, after the signal receiver receives the feedback signal, it controls the buzzer to sound, alerting personnel to evacuate through sound.

[0021] As a further preferred embodiment, the signal transmitter is specifically a low-frequency sound wave transmitter, and the signal receiver is specifically a low-frequency sound wave receiver. The two use a stable-amplitude low-frequency sound wave signal for signal feedback, and the stable-amplitude low-frequency sound wave signal emitted by each signal transmitter and signal receiver is different.

[0022] By adopting the above scheme, since the sound waves during mining are relatively high, using stable amplitude low-frequency sound waves can effectively distinguish the mining sounds. Moreover, the sound waves have strong penetrating power. Compared with wireless or communication signals, the sound wave feedback is more stable because wireless or communication signals are not easy to transmit in the mining tunnel and there is a risk of signal interruption. Sound waves, on the other hand, directly penetrate the mountain and transmit directly from top to bottom, which is more stable due to the shorter distance.

[0023] As a further preferred embodiment, the first horizontal positioning seat is positioned on both sides directly above the outside of the mining tunnel by means of the positioning rod, and the second horizontal positioning seat is positioned in the middle directly above the outside of the mining tunnel by means of the second positioning rod.

[0024] By adopting the above scheme, since the main collapse of the mining tunnel is directly above it, the horizontal positioning seat of the reference positioning device is fixed on both sides directly above the outside to avoid it being affected by the collapse, while the horizontal positioning seat of the collapse warning triggering device is fixed in the middle directly above the outside to monitor in real time whether cracks or local subsidence occur.

[0025] As a further preferred embodiment, the blocking device specifically includes two rigid blocking plates, which are movably assembled via rotating shafts and are in contact with each other to form a seal. The trigger sleeve is positioned directly below the two rigid blocking plates, ensuring that the two rigid blocking plates are in a horizontal state. The trigger liquid is supported above the two rigid blocking plates.

[0026] By adopting the above scheme, the blocking device blocks the trigger liquid. Here, the blocking rigid plate blocks the trigger liquid one. If a crack or local sinking occurs, the trigger sleeve will fall down. Then, the two blocking rigid plates will flip down, and after a gap appears between them, the trigger liquid one will enter the trigger sleeve to trigger.

[0027] As a further preferred embodiment, the blocking device also specifically includes a blocking soft film, the periphery of which is sealed to the inside of the reference monitoring box. The trigger sleeve is directly below the middle of the blocking soft film, keeping the blocking soft film in a horizontal state. The upper part of the blocking soft film supports the trigger liquid. A positioning plate is also fixed inside the lower part of the reference monitoring box. A vertically upward-pointing sharp nail is fixed in the middle of the upper part of the positioning plate. The sharp nail is located inside the trigger sleeve, and the trigger sleeve can avoid the positioning plate. Multiple flow ports are also opened through the positioning plate with the sharp nail as the center.

[0028] By adopting the above scheme, the blocking device blocks the trigger liquid. Here, the blocking soft film blocks the second trigger liquid. If a crack or local sinking occurs, the trigger sleeve will fall. Since the middle of the blocking soft film is no longer supported by the trigger sleeve, the first trigger liquid will accumulate in the middle of the blocking soft film, and then fall slightly. After that, it will be punctured by the sharp nail, and then the first trigger liquid will enter the trigger sleeve to trigger.

[0029] As a further preferred embodiment, the first triggering liquid is a high-viscosity liquid, and the second triggering liquid is a low-viscosity liquid.

[0030] By adopting the above scheme, when the rigid blocking plate is in a horizontal state, the high-viscosity triggering liquid one is not easy to leak from between the rigid blocking plates; while the triggering liquid two is a low-viscosity liquid, which is easy to quickly flow out from the puncture point after being punctured by the sharp nail.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the invention compared to existing technologies are as follows:

[0032] According to the planned mining direction and length, a real-time collapse monitoring device is installed above the mining tunnel in advance. The device monitors signs of impending collapse and immediately transmits warning signals to people inside the tunnel. It can also warn of specific collapse points, thus alerting personnel to evacuate. This allows for accurate identification of collapse points and the rapid and correct planning of evacuation routes based on the location of the collapse points, avoiding the impact of the collapse point location on the evacuation process.

[0033] Its signal feedback uses acoustic feedback. Acoustic waves have strong penetrating power. Compared with wireless or communication signals, acoustic feedback is more stable because wireless or communication signals have poor penetrating power and are not easy to transmit in the tunnel being mined, which poses a risk of signal interruption. Acoustic waves, on the other hand, directly penetrate the mountain and transmit directly from top to bottom. At the distance, the feedback speed is fast and the stability is also high. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a top-down structural diagram of the location of the tunnel during mountain mining;

[0035] Figure 2 A top-down structural diagram showing the location of the real-time collapse monitoring device during mountain mining;

[0036] Figure 3 This is an internal cross-sectional view of the present invention along the width of the mining tunnel in Embodiment 1;

[0037] Figure 4 The diagram shows a partial structure of Figure 3. Figure 1 ;

[0038] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle;

[0039] Figure 6 The diagram shows a partial structure of Figure 3. Figure 2 ;

[0040] Figure 7 This is an internal cross-sectional view of the present invention along the length of the mining tunnel in Embodiment 1;

[0041] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A partial structural diagram;

[0042] Figure 9 A partial structural diagram of Figure 8 Figure 1 ;

[0043] Figure 10 for Figure 9 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle;

[0044] Figure 11 A partial structural diagram of Figure 8 Figure 2 ;

[0045] Figure 12 for Figure 11 A magnified view of a section at point C;

[0046] Figure 13 A partial structural diagram in Figure 8 Figure 3 ;

[0047] Figure 14 This is an internal cross-sectional view of the present invention along the width of the mining tunnel in Embodiment 2;

[0048] Figure 15 This is a partial structural diagram in Figure 14;

[0049] Figure 16 This is an internal cross-sectional view of the present invention along the length of the mining tunnel in Embodiment 2;

[0050] Figure 17 for Figure 16 A partial structural diagram;

[0051] Figure 18 This is a partial structural diagram in Figure 17.

[0052] In the diagram: 1-Base monitoring box; 2-Side support rod; 3-Horizontal positioning seat one; 4-Positioning rod one; 5-Injection port; 6-Valve core; 7-Guide shaft one; 8-Stop one; 9-Spring one; 10-Trigger sleeve; 11-Receiver cylinder; 12-Guide shaft two; 13-Base plate; 14-Stop two; 15-Spring two; 16-Conductor one; 17-Conductor two; 18-Signal transmitter; 19-Battery; 20-Feedback alarm device; 21-Horizontal positioning seat two; 22-Positioning rod two; 23-Blocking rigid plate; 24-Rotating shaft; 25-Triggering liquid one; 26-Blocking soft film; 27-Triggering liquid two; 28-Positioning plate; 29-Sharp nail; 30-Flow port; 31-Mountain; 32-Mining tunnel; 33-Real-time collapse monitoring device. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0054] This invention provides a technical solution:

[0055] Example 1, please refer to Figure 1-13 :

[0056] A tunnel collapse monitoring device for mining is provided. Directly above the outside of the mining tunnel 32 within the mountain 31, a real-time collapse monitoring device 33 of the same length and direction as the mining tunnel 32 is installed in real time, following the mining progress. The real-time collapse monitoring device 33 includes a reference positioning device, a collapse warning triggering device, and a feedback alarm device 20. The reference positioning device and the collapse warning triggering device are assembled together and are located directly above the outside of the mining tunnel 32. The feedback alarm device is located inside the mining tunnel 32 and corresponds vertically to the location of the collapse warning triggering device.

[0057] Before the mountain is excavated, an excavation path is designed. Based on the excavation path, and directly above the outside of the excavation tunnel 32, real-time collapse monitoring devices 33 are pre-installed or cumulatively installed in real time, with the same direction and length as the excavation tunnel 32. Each set of real-time collapse monitoring devices 33 is placed side by side with an interval of 1-2 meters. If signs of collapse appear, cracks or slight local subsidence will begin to appear directly above the outside of the excavation tunnel 32. At this time, the cracks or slight local subsidence will be detected by the real-time collapse monitoring devices 33 installed at the corresponding locations, and then the signal will be fed back to the inside of the excavation tunnel 32 at the corresponding location, thereby warning personnel to evacuate. This can accurately determine the collapse point, and based on the location of the collapse point, a quick and correct evacuation route can be formulated, avoiding the impact of the collapse point location during the evacuation.

[0058] Specifically, as a preferred embodiment, the reference positioning device includes a reference monitoring box 1, with side support rods 2 fixed on both sides of the reference monitoring box 1, and a horizontal positioning seat 3 fixed at the bottom of the side support rods 2. The horizontal positioning seat 3 is driven into the mountain 31 by positioning rods 4.

[0059] An injection port 5 is provided on the top of the reference monitoring box 1 from the outside to the inside, and a one-way injection valve is installed at the injection port 5 inside the reference monitoring box 1.

[0060] The reference monitoring box 1 serves as the reference for monitoring. It is supported and fixed by the side support rod 2. Trigger liquid is injected into the reference monitoring box 1 through the injection port 5 for real-time monitoring.

[0061] Specifically, as a preferred embodiment, the one-way injection valve includes a valve core 6, which is correspondingly disposed at the injection port 5 and completely blocks the injection port 5. Both sides of the valve core 6 are mounted on a guide shaft 7. A stop 8 is fixed at the end of the guide shaft 7, and a spring 9 located below the valve core 6 is sleeved on the guide shaft 7.

[0062] Under the elastic action of spring 9, valve core 6 always pushes valve core 6 to completely block injection port 5; one of the functions of the one-way injection valve is to ensure that the trigger liquid is injected into the reference monitoring box 1, and automatically closes after injection to prevent external factors from entering the reference monitoring box 1 and causing influence; one of the functions of the one-way injection valve is to ensure that the air pressure inside the reference monitoring box 1 is not lower than the external air pressure.

[0063] Specifically, as a preferred embodiment, the collapse warning triggering device includes a vertically arranged trigger sleeve 10, the trigger sleeve 10 is hollow inside, and a receiving sleeve 11 is also installed inside the trigger sleeve 10. Multiple evenly distributed guide shafts 12 are fixed around the lower part of the receiving sleeve 11. The guide shafts 12 are installed through a reference plate 13 fixed inside the trigger sleeve 10. A stop 14 is fixed at the lower end of the guide shaft 12. A spring 15 located above the reference plate 13 is fitted on the guide shaft 12.

[0064] A conductor 16 is fixed at the bottom center of the receiving cylinder 11. A conductor 2 17 is fixed directly below the conductor 16 and located above the reference plate 13. The net weight of the receiving cylinder 11 is insufficient to compress the spring 2 15 to allow the conductor 16 and conductor 2 17 to come into contact. A signal transmitter 18 is also fixed below the reference plate 13. The conductor 16 and conductor 2 17 are respectively connected to the switch of the signal transmitter 18 through a circuit. A battery 19 is also provided below the signal transmitter 18. The signal transmitter 18 is connected to the battery 19 for power supply.

[0065] The bottom of the trigger sleeve 10 is also fixed with a horizontal positioning seat 21, and the surrounding area of ​​the horizontal positioning seat 21 is chiseled into the mountain 31 by a positioning rod 22.

[0066] The top of the trigger sleeve 10 extends into the reference monitoring box 1, and a blocking device is also provided inside the reference monitoring box 1. The top of the trigger sleeve 10 supports the blocking device.

[0067] Once cracks or slight local subsidence begin to appear, the trigger sleeve 10 will sink accordingly, and the triggering liquid will enter the trigger sleeve 10 and then fall into the receiving cylinder 11. At this time, the receiving cylinder 11 becomes heavier, compressing the second spring 15. The first conductor 16 and the second conductor 17 then come into contact. At this time, after the switch of the trigger transmitter 18 forms a closed circuit, the trigger transmitter 18 is activated and sends a feedback signal to the feedback alarm device 20 to warn personnel that they need to evacuate.

[0068] Specifically, as a preferred embodiment, the feedback alarm device 20 includes a signal receiver, a buzzer, and a second battery. The signal receiver is connected to the buzzer for control and is also connected to the second battery for power supply.

[0069] After receiving the feedback signal, the signal receiver will sound a buzzer to alert personnel to evacuate.

[0070] Specifically, as a preferred embodiment, the signal transmitter 18 is a low-frequency sound wave transmitter, and the signal receiver is a low-frequency sound wave receiver. The two use a stable low-frequency sound wave signal for signal feedback, and the stable low-frequency sound wave signal emitted by each group of signal transmitters 18 and signal receivers is different.

[0071] Because the sound waves generated during mining are relatively high, using stable amplitude low-frequency sound waves can effectively distinguish the mining sounds. Moreover, the sound waves have strong penetrating power. Compared with wireless or communication signals, the sound wave feedback is more stable because wireless or communication signals are not easy to transmit in the mining tunnel and there is a risk of signal interruption. Sound waves, on the other hand, directly penetrate the mountain 31 and are transmitted directly from top to bottom, which is very close to the distance, so the stability is high.

[0072] Specifically, as a preferred embodiment, the horizontal positioning seat 3 is positioned on both sides directly above the outside of the mining tunnel 32 by the positioning rod 4, and the horizontal positioning seat 21 is positioned in the middle directly above the outside of the mining tunnel 32 by the positioning rod 22.

[0073] Since the main collapse of the excavation tunnel 32 is directly above it, the horizontal positioning seat 3 of the reference positioning device is fixed on both sides directly above the outside to avoid it being affected by the collapse, while the horizontal positioning seat 21 of the collapse warning triggering device is fixed in the middle directly above the outside to monitor in real time whether cracks or local subsidence occur.

[0074] Specifically, as a preferred embodiment, the blocking device includes two rigid blocking plates 23, which are movably assembled via a rotating shaft 24. The two rigid blocking plates 23 are in contact and sealed together. The trigger sleeve 10 is positioned directly below the two rigid blocking plates 23, ensuring that the two rigid blocking plates 23 are in a horizontal state. The two rigid blocking plates 23 together support a trigger liquid 25, and the trigger liquid 27 is a low-viscosity liquid.

[0075] The blocking device blocks the triggering liquid. Here, the rigid blocking plate 23 blocks the triggering liquid 25. If a crack or local sinking occurs, the triggering sleeve 10 will fall, and the two rigid blocking plates 23 will flip down. After a gap appears between them, the triggering liquid 25 will enter the triggering sleeve 10 to trigger. When the rigid blocking plate 23 is in a horizontal state, the high-viscosity triggering liquid 25 is not easy to leak from between the rigid blocking plates 23.

[0076] Working principle of the invention:

[0077] Before the mountain is excavated, a mining path is designed. Based on the mining path, and directly above the outside of the mining tunnel 32, real-time collapse monitoring devices 33 are pre-installed or cumulatively installed in real time, with the same direction and length as the mining tunnel 32. Each set of real-time collapse monitoring devices 33 is placed side by side with an interval of 1-2 meters. If signs of collapse appear, cracks or slight local subsidence will begin to appear directly above the outside of the mining tunnel 32. The trigger sleeve 10 will sink accordingly, and trigger liquid 25 will enter the trigger sleeve 10 and then fall into the receiving cylinder 11. At this time, the receiving cylinder 11 becomes heavier. After the compression of spring 15, conductor 16 and conductor 2 come into contact. At this time, the switch of transmitter 18 forms a closed circuit, triggering transmitter 18 to start and sending a feedback signal to the feedback alarm device 20. After receiving the feedback signal, the signal receiver in the feedback alarm device 20 controls the buzzer to sound, warning personnel to evacuate. This can accurately determine the collapse point and quickly and correctly formulate an evacuation route based on the location of the collapse point, avoiding the influence of the collapse point location during the evacuation.

[0078] Example 2, please refer to Figure 1-2 and Figure 14-18 :

[0079] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that: the blocking device specifically includes a blocking soft film 26, the periphery of which is sealed to the inside of the reference monitoring box 1, the trigger sleeve 10 is directly below the middle of the blocking soft film 26, and the blocking soft film 26 is in a horizontal state, the upper part of the blocking soft film 26 supports the trigger liquid 27, the lower part of the reference monitoring box 1 is also fixed with a positioning plate 28, the upper middle part of the positioning plate 28 is fixed with a vertically upward pointed nail 29, the pointed nail 29 is located inside the trigger sleeve 10, and the trigger sleeve 10 can avoid the positioning plate 28, and the positioning plate 28 is also provided with multiple flow ports 30 through the pointed nail 29 as the center; the trigger liquid 27 is a low viscosity liquid.

[0080] The blocking device blocks the triggering liquid. Here, the blocking soft film 26 blocks the triggering liquid 27. If a crack or local sinking occurs, the triggering sleeve 10 will fall. Since the middle of the blocking soft film 26 is no longer supported by the triggering sleeve 10, the triggering liquid 25 will accumulate in the middle of the blocking soft film 26 and then fall slightly. After that, it will be pierced by the sharp nail 29, and then the triggering liquid 25 will enter the triggering sleeve 10 to trigger. The triggering liquid 27 is a low-viscosity liquid. After being pierced by the sharp nail 29, it is easy to quickly flow out from the rupture.

[0081] Working principle of the invention:

[0082] Before the mountain is excavated, a mining path is designed. Based on the mining path, and directly above the outside of the mining tunnel 32, real-time collapse monitoring devices 33 are pre-installed or cumulatively installed in real time, with the same direction and length as the mining tunnel 32. Each time, the real-time collapse monitoring devices 33 are arranged side by side and spaced 1-2 meters apart. If signs of collapse appear, cracks or slight local subsidence will begin to appear directly above the outside of the mining tunnel 32. The trigger sleeve 10 will sink along with it, and trigger liquid 27 will enter the trigger sleeve 10 and then fall into the receiving cylinder 11. At this time, the receiving cylinder 11 becomes heavier. After the compression of spring 15, conductor 16 and conductor 17 come into contact. At this time, the switch of transmitter 18 forms a closed circuit, triggering transmitter 18 to start and sending a feedback signal to the feedback alarm device 20. After receiving the feedback signal, the signal receiver in the feedback alarm device 20 controls the buzzer to sound, warning personnel to evacuate. This allows for accurate determination of the collapse point, enabling rapid and correct evacuation planning based on the location of the collapse point, avoiding the influence of the collapse point's location during evacuation.

[0083] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A tunnel collapse monitoring device for mining, wherein a real-time collapse monitoring device (33) of the same direction and length as the mining tunnel (32) is installed directly above the outside of the mining tunnel (32) within the mountain (31) and in real time, following the mining progress, characterized in that: The real-time collapse monitoring device (33) includes a reference positioning device, a collapse warning triggering device and a feedback alarm device (20). The reference positioning device and the collapse warning triggering device are assembled together and are located directly above the outside of the mining tunnel (32). The feedback alarm device is located inside the mining tunnel (32) and corresponds vertically to the location of the collapse warning triggering device. The reference positioning device includes a reference monitoring box (1), with side support rods (2) fixed on both sides of the reference monitoring box (1), and a horizontal positioning seat (3) fixed at the bottom of the side support rods (2). The horizontal positioning seat (3) is chiseled into the mountain (31) around the mountain by a positioning rod (4). An injection port (5) is provided on the top of the reference monitoring box (1) from the outside to the inside, and a one-way injection valve is installed at the injection port (5) inside the reference monitoring box (1). The collapse warning triggering device includes a vertically arranged trigger sleeve (10), the inside of which is hollow. A receiving sleeve (11) is also installed inside the trigger sleeve (10). Multiple evenly distributed guide shafts (12) are fixed around the bottom of the receiving sleeve (11). The guide shafts (12) are installed through a reference plate (13) fixed inside the trigger sleeve (10). A stop head (14) is fixed at the lower end of the guide shafts (12). A spring (15) located above the reference plate (13) is fitted on the guide shafts (12). A conductor 1 (16) is fixed in the middle of the lower part of the receiving cylinder (11). A conductor 2 (17) located above the reference plate (13) is also fixed directly below the conductor 1 (16). The net weight of the receiving cylinder (11) is insufficient to compress the spring 2 (15) to make the conductor 1 (16) and the conductor 2 (17) come into contact. A signal transmitter (18) is also fixed below the reference plate (13). The conductor 1 (16) and the conductor 2 (17) are respectively connected to the switch of the signal transmitter (18) through a line. A battery (19) is also provided below the signal transmitter (18). The signal transmitter (18) is connected to the battery (19) for power supply. The bottom of the trigger sleeve (10) is also fixed with a horizontal positioning seat two (21), and the surrounding area of ​​the horizontal positioning seat two (21) is chiseled into the mountain (31) by positioning rod two (22); The top of the trigger sleeve (10) extends into the reference monitoring box (1), and a blocking device is also provided inside the reference monitoring box (1). The top of the trigger sleeve (10) supports the blocking device. The blocking device also specifically includes a blocking soft film (26), the surrounding area of ​​which is sealed to the inside of the reference monitoring box (1). The trigger sleeve (10) is just below the middle of the blocking soft film (26), so that the blocking soft film (26) is in a horizontal state. The upper part of the blocking soft film (26) supports the trigger liquid II (27). The lower part of the reference monitoring box (1) is also fixed with a positioning plate (28). The middle of the upper part of the positioning plate (28) is fixed with a vertically upward sharp nail (29). The sharp nail (29) is located inside the trigger sleeve (10), and the trigger sleeve (10) can avoid the positioning plate (28). The positioning plate (28) is also provided with multiple flow ports (30) centered on the sharp nail (29).

2. The tunnel collapse monitoring device for mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-way injection valve includes a valve core (6), which is disposed at the injection port (5) and completely blocks the injection port (5). Both sides of the valve core (6) are mounted on a guide shaft (7). A stop (8) is fixed at the end of the guide shaft (7). A spring (9) located below the valve core (6) is mounted on the guide shaft (7).

3. The tunnel collapse monitoring device for mining according to claim 2, characterized in that: The feedback alarm device (20) includes a signal receiver, a buzzer and a second battery. The signal receiver is connected to the buzzer for control and is connected to the second battery for power supply.

4. The tunnel collapse monitoring device for mining according to claim 3, characterized in that: The signal transmitter (18) is specifically a low-frequency sound wave transmitter, and the signal receiver is specifically a low-frequency sound wave receiver. The two use a stable low-frequency sound wave signal for signal feedback, and the stable low-frequency sound wave signals emitted by each group of signal transmitters (18) and signal receivers are different.

5. A tunnel collapse monitoring device for mining according to claim 4, characterized in that: The horizontal positioning seat one (3) is positioned on both sides directly above the outside of the mining tunnel (32) by positioning rod one (4), and the horizontal positioning seat two (21) is positioned in the middle directly above the outside of the mining tunnel (32) by positioning rod two (22).

6. A tunnel collapse monitoring device for mining according to claim 4, characterized in that: The blocking device specifically includes two blocking rigid plates (23), which are movably assembled via a rotating shaft (24). The two blocking rigid plates (23) are in contact and sealed together. The trigger sleeve (10) is supported directly below the two blocking rigid plates (23), so that the two blocking rigid plates (23) are in a horizontal state. The trigger liquid (25) is supported above the two blocking rigid plates (23).

7. A tunnel collapse monitoring device for mining according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first trigger liquid (25) is a high-viscosity liquid, and the second trigger liquid (27) is a low-viscosity liquid.

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