A collection and treatment system and method for unorganized waste gas in the semi-coke industry

Abstract

The present invention provides a system and method for collecting and treating unorganized waste gas from a semi-coke industry, belonging to the technical field of waste gas treatment in a semi-coke industry. The system comprises a semi-coke furnace, wherein a coal bunker is provided on the top of the semi-coke furnace, a collecting compartment is provided above the semi-coke furnace, the collecting compartment is connected to a dust collector, the dust collector is connected to a first collecting fan, the collecting fan is connected to a return furnace fan, and the return furnace fan is connected to the semi-coke furnace; a coke quenching system is provided at the bottom of the semi-coke furnace, the coke quenching system is connected to a coke discharge system, the coke discharge system is connected to a coke transport system, and the coke transport system is connected to a second collecting fan; the system also comprises a third collecting fan, the third collecting fan is connected to the coke discharge system, and the third collecting fan and the second collecting fan are connected in parallel through a pipeline to an exhaust gas treatment system. The present invention can achieve ultra-low emissions for the treatment of unorganized waste gas, and the present invention has high efficiency, low energy consumption, low operating cost, advanced technology, small footprint, stable operation, high degree of automation, and simple operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of waste gas treatment in the semi-coke industry, and in particular relates to a system and method for collecting and treating unorganized waste gas in the semi-coke industry. Background Art

[0002] The semi-coke production process primarily involves coal preparation, carbonization, gas purification, and screening and transportation. Each step in these processes generates significant amounts of fugitive waste gas pollutants, including particulate matter, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon monoxide. Uncontrolled, these emissions can pollute the environment and impact the health of employees and the surrounding population. Therefore, with increasing environmental protection requirements in my country, the collection and treatment of these waste gases is essential to ensure compliance with emission standards. Loading the top of semi-coke carbonization furnaces generates dust, which also causes gas to escape from the furnace. Currently, dual-system, dual-gate control is commonly used to effectively prevent significant gas escape. However, this approach inevitably results in the discharge of a volume of gas from the chamber system during periodic gate opening and closing. This waste gas contains a certain proportion of pollutants, including particulate matter, VOCs, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and a certain amount of hydrogen. Safety is paramount in the management of hydrogen-containing waste gas, ensuring both safe transportation and safe treatment. Therefore, a system and method for collecting and treating unorganized waste gas from the semi-coke industry is needed to solve this problem. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a system and method for collecting and treating unorganized waste gas from the semi-coke industry.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a collection and treatment system for unorganized waste gas from a semi-coke industry, comprising a semi-coke furnace, a coal bunker provided on the top of the semi-coke furnace, a collection compartment provided above the semi-coke furnace, a dust collector connected to the collection compartment, the dust collector connected to a first collection fan, the collection fan connected to a return furnace fan, and the return furnace fan connected to the semi-coke furnace;

[0005] A coke quenching system is provided at the bottom of the blue charcoal furnace, the coke quenching system is connected to the coke discharge system, the coke discharge system is connected to the coke transport system, and the coke transport system is connected to a second collecting fan; it also includes a third collecting fan, the third collecting fan is connected to the coke discharge system, and the third collecting fan and the second collecting fan are connected in parallel through a pipeline and are connected to an exhaust gas treatment system.

[0006] Furthermore, the exhaust gas treatment system includes an acid spray facility, the acid spray facility is connected to an alkali spray facility, the alkali spray facility is connected to a water spray facility, the water spray facility is connected to a wet electrostatic demister, the wet electrostatic demister is connected to a three-bed molecular sieve, the three-bed molecular sieve is connected to an RCO incineration device, and the incineration device is connected to an exhaust pipe.

[0007] Furthermore, it also includes a tar tank area, an ammonia water tank area and a submerged pool containing volatile organic compounds, and the submerged pool is connected to the ammonia water tank area; the tar tank area, the ammonia water tank area and the submerged pool are all provided with a first breathing valve, and a first negative pressure gauge is provided above each of the first breathing valves, and a first regulating valve is provided on each of the first negative pressure gauges, and the three first regulating valves are connected in parallel through pipelines to the exhaust gas treatment system.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a second negative pressure gauge and two third negative pressure gauges, the second negative pressure gauge is installed at the connection between the collection compartment and the dust collector, one third negative pressure gauge is installed at the connection between the coke discharge system and the third collection fan, and the other third negative pressure gauge is installed at the connection between the coke transport system and the second collection fan; the second negative pressure gauge is provided with a second regulating valve, and the two third negative pressure gauges are both provided with a third regulating valve.

[0009] Furthermore, an online monitor is provided at the connection between the collecting compartment and the dust collector.

[0010] Furthermore, an emergency valve is provided between the first collecting fan and the re-furnace fan.

[0011] A method for collecting and treating unorganized waste gas from a semi-coal industry comprises the following steps:

[0012] S1: First, a collection compartment for exhaust gas is constructed on top of the semi-coal furnace. Then, a dust collector, a first collection fan, and a return fan are installed in sequence. Meanwhile, a coke quenching system, a coke discharge system, and a coke transport system are set up below the semi-coal furnace. A second collection fan is installed in the coke transport system, and a third collection fan is installed in the coke discharge system. The second and third fans are connected in parallel through pipes to form an exhaust gas treatment system. A tar tank area, an ammonia water tank area, and a submerged tank are then constructed.

[0013] S2: When exhaust gas is generated at the top of the semi-coal furnace, it is first collected by a sealed collection compartment, and then the collected exhaust gas is first dedusted by a dust collector and transported to the return furnace fan by the first collection fan, and then transported back to the semi-coal furnace by the return furnace fan for incineration treatment; when exhaust gas is generated during the operation of the coke quenching system, coke discharge system and coke transportation system at the bottom of the semi-coal furnace, the exhaust gas of the coke discharge system and the coke transportation system is transported to the exhaust gas treatment system by the third collection fan and the second collection fan respectively. The exhaust gas treatment system treats the collected exhaust gas by absorption and catalytic incineration, thereby completing the exhaust gas treatment work;

[0014] S3: When the exhaust gas in the collection compartment in step S2 passes through the dust collector, a second negative pressure gauge is used to maintain a slightly negative pressure state at the furnace top to prevent an increase in the amount of collected exhaust gas due to excessive negative pressure. When the exhaust gas from the coke discharge system and the coke transportation system is transported, a third negative pressure gauge is used to ensure exhaust gas collection efficiency and prevent an increase in exhaust gas volume due to excessive collection, thereby monitoring and adjusting the pressure condition to maintain a slightly negative pressure state at all times.

[0015] S4: When treating the waste gas in the tar tank area, ammonia water tank area and underwater pool, the waste gas in the tar tank area, ammonia water tank area and underwater pool is transported to the waste gas treatment system through the first breathing valve, the first negative pressure gauge and the first regulating valve, and is treated by absorption and catalytic incineration, thus completing the waste gas treatment process in the entire lignite industry.

[0016] Furthermore, the absorption of the exhaust gas treatment system in step S2 includes the following steps:

[0017] S201: The waste gas transported to the waste gas treatment system first passes through the three-stage spray tower of acid spray facility, alkali spray facility and water spray facility for step-by-step absorption treatment, and then uses a wet electrostatic demister to remove small droplets entrained in the gas. Then, a three-bed molecular sieve is used for adsorption concentration and desorption. The desorbed high-concentration organic waste gas is incinerated in a three-compartment RCO incineration device and discharged through the exhaust pipe.

[0018] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0019] (1) The present invention takes into account the collection and treatment of volatile organic compounds in various process steps of the entire plant from the perspective of the entire plant, thus overcoming the defect that the existing technology cannot be directly applied to the entire plant.

[0020] (2) The present invention reduces the potential safety hazard of the exhaust gas from the furnace top returning to the furnace by providing safety measures such as a dust collector, a flame arrester, an online concentration monitor, an emergency discharge, an emergency valve and electrostatic grounding, and performing interlocking control.

[0021] (3) The present invention improves the waste gas pretreatment method by changing it from water spraying to acid spraying + alkali spraying + water spraying, which can improve the treatment efficiency of substances such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the waste gas, reduce pollutant emissions, and greatly reduce the risk of catalyst poisoning that may be caused by the above substances.

[0022] (4) The present invention improves the type of adsorbent. Since the volatile organic matter components of lignite waste gas contain a large amount of high-boiling-point substances, if activated carbon is used as an adsorbent, the high-boiling-point substances cannot be completely desorbed due to the limitation of regeneration temperature, resulting in a decrease in the adsorption efficiency of the activated carbon. The present invention uses molecular sieve as an adsorbent, which can avoid the above problems, greatly prolong the service life of the adsorbent, and improve the processing efficiency.

[0023] (5) Based on the characteristics of the semi-coke industry that the waste gas collected from the whole plant is large and the waste gas concentration is low, which makes the catalytic combustion system unable to stably and self-sustain combustion, the present invention changes to a heat storage catalytic combustion method. By adding a three-compartment heat storage body, the operation stability of the treatment facility is improved and energy consumption is reduced.

[0024] (6) The present invention can achieve ultra-low emissions for the treatment of unorganized waste gas. The present invention has high efficiency, low energy consumption, low operating costs, advanced technology, small footprint, stable operation, high degree of automation, and easy operation.

[0025] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the collection and treatment system of unorganized waste gas from the semi-coke industry of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 The present invention is a flowchart of the collection and treatment of exhaust gas from the top of a semi-coke industrial furnace.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a flow chart of the spraying facilities of the waste gas treatment system of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 The present invention is a process flow chart of the method for collecting and treating unorganized waste gas from the semi-coke industry.

[0030] Figure 5 It is a process flow chart of the waste gas treatment system of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 It is a flow chart of the overall waste gas collection and treatment method of the present invention.

[0032] Explanation of the accompanying symbols: 1. Semi-coke furnace; 2. Upper coal bunker; 3. Collecting compartment; 4. Dust collector; 5. First collecting fan; 6. Return furnace fan; 7. Coke quenching system; 8. Coke discharge system; 9. Coke transport system; 10. Second collecting fan; 11. Third collecting fan; 12. Waste gas treatment system; 121. Acid spraying facility; 122. Alkali spraying facility; 123. Water spraying facility; 124. Wet electrostatic demister; 125. Three-bed molecular sieve; 126. RCO incineration device; 127. Exhaust stack; 13. Tar tank area; 14. Ammonia water tank area; 15. Submerged tank; 16. First breathing valve; 17. First negative pressure gauge; 18. First regulating valve; 19. Second negative pressure gauge; 20. Third negative pressure gauge; 21. Second regulating valve; 22. Third regulating valve; 23. Online monitor; 24. Emergency valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined purpose, the specific implementation methods, structural features and effects of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0034] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "aligned", "overlap", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0036] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, features specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features; and in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] This embodiment provides Figures 1 to 6The system for collecting and treating unorganized waste gas from a semi-coke industry is shown, comprising a semi-coke furnace 1, a coal bunker 2 being provided on the top of the semi-coke furnace 1, a collection compartment 3 being provided above the semi-coke furnace 1, the collection compartment 3 being connected to a dust collector 4, the dust collector 4 being connected to a first collection fan 5, the collection fan being connected to a return fan 6, and the return fan 6 being connected to the semi-coke furnace 1;

[0039] A coke quenching system 7 is provided at the bottom of the semi-coke furnace 1, the coke quenching system 7 is connected to the coke discharge system 8, the coke discharge system 8 is connected to the coke transport system 9, and the coke transport system 9 is connected to the second collecting fan 10; it also includes a third collecting fan 11, the third collecting fan 11 is connected to the coke discharge system 8, and the third collecting fan 11 and the second collecting fan 10 are connected in parallel through a pipeline and are connected to the exhaust gas treatment system 12.

[0040] Furthermore, the waste gas treatment system 12 includes an acid spray facility 121, the acid spray facility 121 is connected to an alkali spray facility 122, the alkali spray facility 122 is connected to a water spray facility 123, the water spray facility 123 is connected to a wet electrostatic demister 124, the wet electrostatic demister 124 is connected to a three-bed molecular sieve 125, the three-bed molecular sieve 125 is connected to an RCO incineration device 126, and the incineration device is connected to an exhaust pipe 127.

[0041] Furthermore, it also includes a tar tank area 13, an ammonia water tank area 14 and a submerged pool 15 containing volatile organic compounds, and the submerged pool 15 is connected to the ammonia water tank area 14; the tar tank area 13, the ammonia water tank area 14 and the submerged pool are all provided with a first breathing valve 16, and a first negative pressure gauge 17 is provided above each first breathing valve 16, and a first regulating valve 18 is provided on each first negative pressure gauge 17. The three first regulating valves 18 are connected in parallel through pipelines and connected to the exhaust gas treatment system 12.

[0042] The raw coal gas coming out from the top of the semi-coke furnace 1 enters the gas collecting tank after passing through the riser and the bridge pipe. The liquid at the bridge pipe and the gas collecting tank flows into the ammonia tank area 14 through the pipe set at the bottom of the gas collecting tank; the gas coming out from the upper part of the semi-coke furnace 1 is purified by the gas purification system, and the condensate generated after purification by the gas purification system flows into the liquid tank 15 for centralized collection, and the wastewater in the liquid tank 15 is transported to the ammonia tank area 14.

[0043] Furthermore, it also includes a second negative pressure gauge 19 and two third negative pressure gauges 20. The second negative pressure gauge 19 is installed at the connection between the collection compartment 3 and the dust collector 4, one third negative pressure gauge 20 is installed at the connection between the coke discharge system 8 and the third collection fan 11, and the other third negative pressure gauge 20 is installed at the connection between the coke transport system 9 and the second collection fan 10; the second negative pressure gauge 19 is provided with a second regulating valve 21, and the two third negative pressure gauges 20 are both provided with a third regulating valve 22.

[0044] Furthermore, an online monitor 23 is provided at the connection between the collecting compartment 3 and the dust collector 4 .

[0045] Furthermore, an emergency valve 24 is provided between the first collecting fan 5 and the retort fan 6 .

[0046] A method for collecting and treating unorganized waste gas from a semi-coal industry comprises the following steps:

[0047] S1: First, a collection compartment 3 for collecting exhaust gas is constructed on the top of the semi-coal furnace 1. Then, a dust collector 4, a first collection fan 5, and a return fan 6 are installed in sequence. At the same time, a coke quenching system 7, a coke discharge system 8, and a coke transport system 9 are set up below the semi-coal furnace 1. A second collection fan 10 is installed at the coke transport system 9, and a third collection fan 11 is installed at the coke discharge system 8. The second and third fans are connected in parallel through pipes to the exhaust gas treatment system 12. Then, a tar tank area 13, an ammonia water tank area 14, and a submerged tank 15 are built.

[0048] S2: When exhaust gas is generated at the top of the semi-coal furnace 1, the exhaust gas is first collected by the sealed collecting compartment 3, and then the collected exhaust gas is first dusted by the dust collector 4 and transported to the return furnace fan 6 by the first collecting fan 5, and then transported back to the semi-coal furnace 1 through the return furnace fan 6 for incineration treatment; when the coke quenching system 7, the coke discharge system 8 and the coke conveying system 9 at the bottom of the semi-coal furnace 1 generate exhaust gas during operation, the exhaust gas of the coke discharge system 8 and the coke conveying system 9 are respectively transported to the exhaust gas treatment system 12 by the third collecting fan 11 and the second collecting fan 10. The exhaust gas treatment system 12 treats the collected exhaust gas by absorption and catalytic incineration, thereby completing the exhaust gas treatment work;

[0049] S3: When the exhaust gas in the collection compartment 3 in step S2 passes through the dust collector 4, a second negative pressure gauge 19 is used to maintain a slightly negative pressure state at the furnace top to prevent an increase in the amount of collected exhaust gas due to excessive negative pressure. When the exhaust gas is transported from the coke discharge system 8 and the coke conveying system 9, a third negative pressure gauge 20 is used to ensure exhaust gas collection efficiency and prevent an increase in exhaust gas volume due to excessive collection, thereby monitoring and adjusting the pressure condition to maintain a slightly negative pressure state at all times.

[0050] S4: When the waste gas in the tar tank area 13, the ammonia water tank area 14 and the underwater pool 15 is treated, the waste gas in the tar tank area 13, the ammonia water tank area 14 and the underwater pool 15 is transported to the waste gas treatment system 12 through the first breathing valve 16, the first negative pressure gauge 17 and the first regulating valve 18, and is treated by absorption and catalytic incineration, thereby completing the waste gas treatment process in the entire lignite industry.

[0051] Furthermore, the absorption of the exhaust gas treatment system 12 in step S2 includes the following steps:

[0052] S201: The waste gas transported to the waste gas treatment system 12 first passes through the three-stage spray tower of the acid spray facility 121, the alkali spray facility 122 and the water spray facility 123 for step-by-step absorption treatment, and then a wet electrostatic demister 124 is used to remove small droplets entrained in the gas. Then, a three-bed molecular sieve 125 is used for adsorption concentration and desorption. The desorbed high-concentration organic waste gas is incinerated in a three-chamber RCO incineration device 126 and discharged through an exhaust pipe 127.

[0053] Working process:

[0054] When the exhaust gas from the top of the semi-coal furnace 1 is collected and processed, a collection compartment 3 is set on the top of the furnace, which is completely closed to ensure the collection efficiency. After collection, the exhaust gas from the top of the furnace is first removed by the dust collector 4 and then transported through the first collection fan 5 to prevent the dust in the exhaust gas from accumulating in the fan and pipeline, forming a safety risk. The exhaust gas from the top of the furnace is then transported to the air inlet of the return fan 6 through a closed pipeline, and finally transported back to the semi-coal furnace 1 through the pipeline for incineration. Since this environment only collects the exhaust gas from the top of the furnace, and a second negative pressure gauge 19 is provided to ensure the micro-negative pressure state of the furnace top, it is avoided. Excessive negative pressure increases the amount of collected waste gas, so the collected waste gas volume is much smaller than the induced air volume of the return furnace fan 6. The air volume difference forms a negative pressure at the suction port, ensuring that there is no escape during the transportation process. No wet method or spraying process is used, which will not increase the moisture content in the return furnace waste gas. The dust collector 4 and the first collection fan 5 on the furnace top are both explosion-proof equipment, and the transportation pipeline connecting them is made of metal pipes. Flame arresters, online concentration monitors 23, emergency discharge, emergency valves 24 and electrostatic grounding are installed during the transportation process, and interlocking control is implemented to reduce safety hazards.

[0055] When collecting waste gas from the quenching system 7, the coke discharge system 8, and the coke transport system 9, the quenching system 7, the coke discharge system 8, and the coke transport system 9 are first completely sealed. The coke discharge system 8 is equipped with a dual-system dual-gate and buffer bin structure. A negative pressure zone is operated by the gas blower to ensure that no waste gas escapes from the upper bins of the quenching system 7 and the coke discharge system 8. The waste gas is then collected by a third collection blower 11 connected to the lower bin of the coke discharge system 8 and a second collection blower 10 on the coke transport system 9. The waste gas is then sent to the waste treatment system for treatment through parallel pipes. To ensure waste gas collection efficiency and avoid an increase in waste gas volume due to excessive collection, a third negative pressure gauge 20 is installed on the lower bin of the coke discharge system 8 and the coke transport system 9 to monitor and adjust the pressure to maintain a slight negative pressure at all times.

[0056] The tar tank area 13 of the semi-coke industry generally adopts a dome tank, and the ammonia tank area 14 is also closed. In addition, there are a certain number of submerged pools 15 in the gas purification section for collecting and temporarily storing ammonia. The liquid level change process and storage process of the above facilities will produce a certain amount of malodorous gases and volatile organic compounds. First, the sealing conditions of the two storage facilities, the tar tank area 13 and the ammonia tank area 14, are checked to ensure that they are all closed. Only a certain number of first breathing valves 16 or observation ports are left on the tar tank area 13, the ammonia tank area 14, and the submerged pool 15. Then, a gas collecting hood, a first negative pressure gauge 17 and a first regulating valve 18 are set above the first breathing valve 16 or observation port on the tar tank area 13, the ammonia tank area 14, and the submerged pool 15. Then, the first negative pressure gauge 17 can ensure the waste gas collection efficiency and avoid the increase of waste gas volume caused by excessive collection, so as to monitor and adjust the pressure condition to keep it in a slightly negative pressure state at all times. The waste gas collection fan is used to keep the collection branch pipe at a slightly negative pressure, and the hood flow rate is not less than 0.3m / s. The pressure balance of each water pool and storage tank is balanced by adjusting the valve, and the collected waste gas is sent to the waste gas treatment system 12 for treatment; wherein, the raw coal gas from the top of the blue coke furnace 1 is sprayed and cooled by circulating ammonia water, and the condensate is sent to the ammonia water tank area 14 through a pipeline. The ammonia water and tar in the ammonia water tank area 14 are clarified and separated, and the separated bottom tar enters the tar tank area 13. When quenching the coke, the ammonia water in the circulating ammonia water tank area 14 is used to stop the coke from burning and extinguish it;

[0057] When treating the waste gas collected by the waste gas treatment system 12, according to the characteristics of the semi-coke industry, the waste gas has high humidity and water content, and in addition to particulate matter and volatile organic pollutants, it also contains a certain amount of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and other substances. The waste gas treatment system 12 adopts the method of absorption and catalytic incineration for pre-treatment, that is, sulfuric acid absorption, sodium hydroxide solution absorption, and water washing are used for step-by-step treatment in a three-stage spray tower, and then a wet electrostatic demister 124 is used to remove small droplets entrained in the gas, and then a three-bed molecular sieve 125 is used for adsorption concentration and desorption. The desorbed high-concentration organic waste gas is incinerated in a three-chamber RCO incineration device 126 and discharged through an exhaust pipe 127.

[0058] The above is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and the specific implementation of the present invention should not be considered to be limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art of the present invention, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made, which should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for collecting and treating unorganized waste gas from the semi-coke industry, characterized by: The invention comprises a blue charcoal furnace (1), wherein an upper coal bunker (2) is provided on the top of the blue charcoal furnace (1), a collecting compartment (3) is provided above the blue charcoal furnace (1), the collecting compartment (3) is connected to a dust collector (4), the dust collector (4) is connected to a first collecting fan (5), the collecting fan is connected to a return furnace fan (6), and the return furnace fan (6) is connected to the blue charcoal furnace (1); The bottom of the blue charcoal furnace (1) is provided with a coke quenching system (7), the coke quenching system (7) is connected to a coke discharge system (8), the coke discharge system (8) is connected to a coke transport system (9), and the coke transport system (9) is connected to a second collecting fan (10); and further comprises a third collecting fan (11), the third collecting fan (11) is connected to the coke discharge system (8), and the third collecting fan (11) and the second collecting fan (10) are connected in parallel through a pipeline and then connected to an exhaust gas treatment system (12).

2. The system for collecting and treating unorganized waste gas from the semi-coke industry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waste gas treatment system (12) includes an acid spray facility (121), the acid spray facility (121) is connected to an alkali spray facility (122), the alkali spray facility (122) is connected to a water spray facility (123), the water spray facility (123) is connected to a wet electric demister (124), the wet electric demister (124) is connected to a three-bed molecular sieve (125), the three-bed molecular sieve (125) is connected to an RCO incineration device (126), and the incineration device is connected to an exhaust pipe (127).

3. The system for collecting and treating unorganized waste gas from the semi-coke industry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system further comprises a tar tank area (13), an ammonia water tank area (14) and a submerged pool (15) containing volatile organic compounds, wherein the submerged pool (15) is connected to the ammonia water tank area (14); a first breathing valve (16) is provided on each of the tar tank area (13), the ammonia water tank area (14) and the submerged pool (15); a first negative pressure gauge (17) is provided above each of the first breathing valves (16); a first regulating valve (18) is provided on each of the first negative pressure gauges (17); and three first regulating valves (18) are connected to the waste gas treatment system (12) through pipelines in parallel.

4. The system for collecting and treating unorganized waste gas from the semi-coke industry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system further comprises a second negative pressure gauge (19) and two third negative pressure gauges (20), wherein the second negative pressure gauge (19) is installed at the connection between the collecting compartment (3) and the dust collector (4), one third negative pressure gauge (20) is installed at the connection between the coke discharge system (8) and the third collecting fan (11), and the other third negative pressure gauge (20) is installed at the connection between the coke transport system (9) and the second collecting fan (10); a second regulating valve (21) is provided on the second negative pressure gauge (19), and a third regulating valve (22) is provided on both the third negative pressure gauges (20).

5. The system for collecting and treating unorganized waste gas from the semi-coke industry according to claim 1, characterized in that: An online monitor (23) is provided at the connection between the collecting compartment (3) and the dust collector (4).

6. The system for collecting and treating unorganized waste gas from the semi-coke industry according to claim 1, characterized in that: An emergency valve (24) is provided between the first collecting fan (5) and the return furnace fan (6).

7. A method for collecting and treating unorganized waste gas from the semi-coke industry, characterized by: The steps include: S1: First, a collection compartment (3) for collecting waste gas is constructed on the top of the blue charcoal furnace (1), and then a dust collector (4), a first collection fan (5) and a return fan (6) are installed in sequence; at the same time, a coke quenching system (7) is provided at the bottom of the blue charcoal furnace (1), the coke quenching system (7) is connected to a coke discharge system (8), the coke discharge system (8) is connected to a coke transport system (9), a second collection fan (10) is installed at the coke transport system (9), a third collection fan (11) is installed at the coke discharge system (8), the second collection fan (10) and the third collection fan (11) are connected in parallel through a pipeline to the waste gas treatment system (12); A tar tank area (13), an ammonia water tank area (14) and a submerged pool (15) are then established, and the submerged pool (15) is connected to the ammonia water tank area (14); a first breathing valve (16) is provided on each of the tar tank area (13), the ammonia water tank area (14) and the submerged pool (15); a first negative pressure gauge (17) is provided above each of the first breathing valves (16); a first regulating valve (18) is provided on each of the first negative pressure gauges (17); and the three first regulating valves (18) are connected in parallel through pipelines and then connected to the exhaust gas treatment system (12); S2: When exhaust gas is generated at the top of the semi-coal furnace (1), the exhaust gas is first collected by a sealed collecting compartment (3), the collected exhaust gas is first dedusted by a dust collector (4), and then transported to a return furnace fan (6) by a first collecting fan (5), and then transported back to the semi-coal furnace (1) by the return furnace fan (6) for incineration treatment; When the coke quenching system (7), the coke discharge system (8) and the coke transport system (9) at the bottom of the blue charcoal furnace (1) generate waste gas during operation, the waste gas from the coke quenching system (7) is transported to the blue charcoal furnace (1) for incineration, and the waste gas from the coke discharge system (8) and the coke transport system (9) is transported to the waste gas treatment system (12) through the third collecting fan (11) and the second collecting fan (10), respectively. The waste gas treatment system (12) treats the collected waste gas through absorption and catalytic incineration, thereby completing the waste gas treatment work; S3: When the waste gas in the collection compartment (3) in step S2 passes through the dust collector (4), the second negative pressure gauge (19) can ensure a slightly negative pressure state at the furnace top, thereby preventing an increase in the amount of waste gas collected due to excessive negative pressure; when the waste gas is transported from the coke discharge system (8) and the coke transport system (9), the third negative pressure gauge (20) can ensure the waste gas collection efficiency and prevent an increase in the amount of waste gas due to excessive collection, thereby monitoring and adjusting the pressure condition to always maintain a slightly negative pressure state; S4: When the waste gas in the tar tank area (13), the ammonia water tank area (14) and the submerged pool (15) is treated, the waste gas in the tar tank area (13), the ammonia water tank area (14) and the submerged pool (15) is transported to the waste gas treatment system (12) through the first breathing valve (16), the first negative pressure gauge (17) and the first regulating valve (18), and is treated by absorption and catalytic incineration, thus completing the waste gas treatment process in the entire semi-coke industry.

8. The method for collecting and treating unorganized waste gas from the semi-coke industry according to claim 7, wherein: The absorption of the exhaust gas treatment system (12) in step S2 comprises the following steps: S201: The waste gas transported to the waste gas treatment system (12) is first subjected to step-by-step absorption treatment by passing through a three-stage spray tower of an acid spray facility (121), an alkali spray facility (122) and a water spray facility (123). A wet electrostatic demister (124) is then used to remove small droplets entrained in the gas. A three-bed molecular sieve (125) is then used for adsorption concentration and desorption. The desorbed high-concentration organic waste gas is incinerated in a three-chamber RCO incineration device (126) and then discharged through an exhaust pipe (127).

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