A combined turning and milling batch machining method for cover plate parts

Abstract

The application is a kind of turning and milling combined batch machining method of cover plate parts, namely batch machining of circular arc cover plate (1), characterized in that it specifically comprises the following steps: step one: selecting blank: customizing pipe blank (2), wherein the outer diameter D1 of the pipe blank (2) is D A +1~3mm, the inner diameter D2 of the pipe blank (2) is D B -1~10mm, wherein D A is the outer circular arc diameter of the cover plate (1), and D B is the inner circular arc diameter of the cover plate (1); the application changes the method of using a flat plate to make the cover plate (1) in the prior art, and the pipe blank (2) with the arc of the cover plate (1) made according to the application is selected to make the cover plate (1), so that the production process is time-saving and labor-saving.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a combined milling and turning method for batch processing of cover plate parts, specifically a combined milling and turning method for cover plate parts. Background Technology

[0002] Fan-shaped cover plates are commonly used for sealing test windows in compartments. They have four concentric countersunk holes at the four corners. Due to their simple structure and low added value, traditional machining methods often involve using flat sheet metal and a standard three-axis CNC milling machine with ball end mills and specialized positioning fixtures to fit and mill the outline and countersunk holes. This method is clearly inefficient, difficult to position the countersunk holes, and prone to significant machining errors, frequently resulting in misalignment of holes during assembly. Furthermore, it is costly and cannot meet the demands of mass production. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a suitable machining method for the mass production of these parts, improving quality, reducing costs, and increasing efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the above-mentioned defects, the present invention provides a combined milling and turning batch processing method for cover plate parts, so as to enable the rapid mass production of cover plate parts.

[0004] A method for batch machining of cover plate-type parts by turning and milling, specifically for batch machining of arc-shaped cover plates 1, is characterized by the following steps:

[0005] Step 1: Selecting the blank: Customize pipe blank 2, where the outer diameter D1 of pipe blank 2 = D A +1~3mm, inner diameter D2 of pipe blank 2=D B -1~10mm, where D A D is the outer arc diameter of cover plate 1. B The inner arc diameter of cover plate 1;

[0006] Step 2: Clamp the tube blank 2 on the three-jaw chuck of the milling and turning center. Use the right end face as the width reference for the cover plate 1. Rough turn the inner and outer circles of the tube blank 2. Calculate the turning length L = N2 × (W + X) from the outer end of the tube blank 2 inward. Then calculate the number of cover plates 1 N1 that can be turned around the tube blank 2 in one revolution. According to the rounding function N1 = [360º / (θ+4~8°)], we get the integer N1. The total number of cover plates 1 that can be turned from the tube blank 2 is N, N = N1 × N2. Where N1 is the number of cover plates 1 that can be turned around the tube blank 2 in one revolution, N2 is the number of rows of cover plates 1 that can be turned from the tube blank 2, X is the spacing between two rows of cover plates 1, and W is the width of the cover plate 1.

[0007] The positions of each cover plate 1 on the tube blank 2 and the positions of the four countersunk holes 11 at the four corners of each cover plate 1 are designed in the CNC machine tool.

[0008] Step 3: Finish turn the inner and outer circles of the tube blank 2 to the required length L; use the drill bit and 90° chamfering tool, move the Y-axis of the machine tool to the zero position, i.e., the center of rotation of the blank, and keep it stationary; then the C-axis, X-axis and Z-axis of the machine tool work together to machine N corners of the cover plate 1, a total of 4N countersunk holes;

[0009] Step 4: Rough mill the contours of N cover plates 1 around the perimeter. Use the Ø3 end mill, move the Y-axis of the machine tool to the zero position and keep it stationary, and then use the C-axis, X-axis and Z-axis of the machine tool to rough mill the contours of N cover plates 1 around the perimeter. The tool path is planned according to the logic of cyclic milling.

[0010] The allowance for the blind groove on the milling path is 0.2-0.3mm on the side and 1-1.5mm on the bottom.

[0011] Step 5: Finish mill the contours of N cover plates 1 around the perimeter. Use another Ø3 end mill, move the Y-axis of the machine tool to the zero position and keep it stationary. Then, coordinate the C-axis, X-axis and Z-axis of the machine tool to finish mill the contours of N cover plates 1 around the perimeter. Leave a margin of 0.05~0.08mm on the bottom surface of the blind groove in the milling trajectory without cutting it off. The tool path planning still follows the logic of cyclic milling.

[0012] After the machine tool program finishes running, open the machine tool door, use compressed air to clean the chips, then release the three-jaw chuck of the milling and turning center, unload the workpiece, and transfer the workpiece to the fitter's worktable;

[0013] Step Six: The fitter disassembles the array of cover plates 1 and removes burrs. By gently tapping the outer circumference of cover plate 1 with a wooden mallet, the N arrays of cover plates 1 can be disassembled from the workpiece one by one into individual cover plates 1, and all burrs can be removed.

[0014] Step 7: Surface treatment. Perform appropriate surface treatment on cover plate 1, and then package and store it in the warehouse.

[0015] Among them, the Z-axis is the linear axis where the three-jaw chuck of the milling-turning machining center is located, that is, the turning function spindle; the X-axis is the linear axis for the up and down movement of the cutting tool in the milling-turning machining center; the Y-axis is the linear axis perpendicular to the XOZ plane; and the C-axis is the rotation axis along the Z-axis of the machine tool.

[0016] The customized pipe blank 2 is thicker than the cover plate 1, and the inner and outer arc dimensions of the pipe blank 2 have a allowance of 0.2 to 0.4 mm.

[0017] In step two, the inner and outer diameters of the tube blank 2 are rough machined, and the machining length L = N2 × (W + X), where N2 = 3 to 5 rows / times and X = 10 to 13 mm.

[0018] If the cover plate 1 is made of aluminum alloy, the wall thickness of the aluminum tube should be no less than 10mm; if the cover plate 1 is made of titanium alloy, the wall thickness of the tube should be no less than 6mm.

[0019] The tool path planning follows the logic of cyclic milling; wherein, the side margin for the blind groove in the milling path is 0.2~0.3mm, and the bottom margin is 1~1.5mm. The rough milling process parameters for the aluminum alloy cover plate 1 are: rotation speed... n =5500~6000r / min, feed f =800~1000mm / min, depth of cut a p=0.4~0.6mm; The rough milling process parameters for the titanium alloy cover plate 1 are as follows: rotation speed n =1500~2000r / min, feed f =300~400mm / min, depth of cut a p = 0.25~0.35mm.

[0020] The bottom surface of the blind groove in the milling trajectory is left uncut, and the tool path planning still follows the logic of cyclic milling. Among them, the fine milling process parameters for aluminum alloy cover plate 1 are: speed n =6000~6500r / min, feed f =400~600mm / min, depth of cut a p=0.2~0.3mm; the precision milling process parameters for the titanium alloy cover plate 1 are as follows: rotation speed n =2500~3000r / min, feed f =200~250mm / min, depth of cut a p = 0.2~0.25mm.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0022] (1) The present invention changes the existing method of making cover plate 1 by using a flat plate. The present invention selects a pipe blank 2 that conforms to the curvature of cover plate 1 to make cover plate 1, so that the production process is time-saving and labor-saving.

[0023] (2) The present invention utilizes a CNC machine tool to design the positions of multiple cover plates 1 and multiple countersunk holes on the tube blank 2 after internal and external precision turning. First, the countersunk holes on each designed cover plate 1 are drilled, and then multiple cover plates 1 are directly cut out using a CNC machine tool.

[0024] (3) The method of the present invention directly utilizes the curvature of the raw material, without processing the curvature of the raw material, saving a large amount of workload and time. Furthermore, the CNC machine tool drills the countersunk hole and cuts out a cover plate 1, making the dimensions of the cover plate 1 and the countersunk hole 11 on it accurate.

[0025] (4) The present invention can produce multiple cover plates 1 at one time, which facilitates the mass production of cover plates 1 and saves costs and production time.

[0026] (5) The present invention can realize high-precision machining of the countersunk hole of the cover plate 1, and at the same time give full play to the advantages of milling and turning to greatly improve the processing efficiency of the batch production of the cover plate 1, thereby reducing costs and increasing efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 1. A schematic diagram of the outer structure of cover plate 1;

[0028] Figure 2 1. A schematic diagram of the inner structure of cover plate 1;

[0029] Figure 3 1 is a sectional view of cover plate 1;

[0030] Figure 4 1. Schematic diagram of the pipe blank 2;

[0031] Figure 5 1. Schematic diagram of the structure of the pipe blank after precision machining of the inner and outer circles;

[0032] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the tube blank structure after the array of concentric countersunk holes has been processed;

[0033] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the tube blank structure after the array of concentric countersunk holes has been processed;

[0034] Figure 8 1. A schematic diagram of the cover plate array structure after precision milling;

[0035] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the process of disassembling the cover plate array 1 by a fitter;

[0036] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the blank hollowed-out remains remaining after the fitter disassembled the cover plate array 1.

[0037] In the diagram, 1 is the cover plate; 2 is the pipe blank; and 11 is the countersunk hole. Detailed Implementation

[0038] A method for batch machining of cover plate-type parts using milling and turning:

[0039] Process design: Select tube blank 2, and according to the rounding function N1=[360º / (θ+4~8°)], where: θ is the sector angle of cover plate 1, the number of cover plates 1 that can be evenly distributed around a full circle with the outer arc of cover plate 1 as the diameter can be obtained. The minimum gap between two cover plates 1 around the circumference is required to be no less than 10mm. At the same time, N2 rows of cover plates 1 are processed along the tube axis, so as to realize the processing of N=N1×N2 cover plates 1 in one clamping, which makes full use of raw materials and maximizes the advantages of milling and turning.

[0040] The specific process flow is as follows:

[0041] Step 1: Customize pipe blank 2, pipe outer diameter D1=D A +1~3mm, pipe inner diameter D2=D B -1~10mm, where D A D is the outer arc diameter of cover plate 1. B The inner arc diameter of cover plate 1 is given. If cover plate 1 is made of aluminum alloy, the wall thickness of the aluminum tube should be no less than 10mm. If cover plate 1 is made of titanium alloy, the wall thickness of the tube should be no less than 6mm.

[0042] Step 2: Clamp the tube blank 2 on the three-jaw chuck of the milling and turning center. Use the right end face as the width reference for the cover plate 1. Roughly turn the inner and outer circles according to the inner and outer arc dimensions of the cover plate 1, leaving a margin of 0.2~0.4mm. The turning length L=N2×(W+X), and it is recommended that N2=3~5 rows / time, where: X is the interval dimension between two rows of cover plates 1, and it is recommended that X=10~13mm, and W is the width of the cover plate 1.

[0043] Step 3: Finish turning the inner and outer circles to the required length L, then use the drill bit and 90° chamfering tool. Move the Y-axis of the machine tool to the zero position (center of rotation of the blank) and keep it stationary. Then, coordinate the C-axis, X-axis and Z-axis of the machine tool to machine 4N countersunk holes at the four corners of N cover plates 1.

[0044] Step 4: Rough mill the contours of N cover plates 1. Use a Ø3 end mill, move the machine tool's Y-axis to the zero position and keep it stationary. Then, coordinate the machine tool's C-axis, X-axis, and Z-axis to rough mill the contours of N cover plates 1. The tool path planning follows the logic of cyclic milling. The allowance for the blind groove side is 0.2~0.3mm, and the allowance for the bottom surface is 1~1.5mm. Rough milling process parameters for aluminum alloy cover plates 1: speed n =5500~6000r / min, feed f =800~1000mm / min, depth of cut a p=0.4~0.6mm; Rough milling process parameters for titanium alloy cover plate 1 are as follows: rotation speed n =1500~2000r / min, feed f =300~400mm / min, depth of cut a p = 0.25~0.35mm.

[0045] Step 5: Finish mill the contours of N cover plates 1. Use another Ø3 end mill, move the machine's Y-axis to zero and keep it stationary. Then, coordinate the machine's C-axis, X-axis, and Z-axis to finish mill the contours of N cover plates 1. Leave a 0.05~0.08mm margin on the bottom of the blind groove in the milling path without cutting off the cut. The tool path planning still follows the logic of cyclic milling. Finish milling process parameters for aluminum alloy cover plates 1: speed... n =6000~6500r / min, feed f =400~600mm / min, depth of cut a p=0.2~0.3mm; the precision milling process parameters for the titanium alloy cover plate 1 are as follows: rotation speed n =2500~3000r / min, feed f =200~250mm / min, depth of cut a p=0.2~0.25mm. After the machine tool program finishes running, open the machine tool door, use compressed air to clean the chips, then release the three-jaw chuck to remove the workpiece, and transfer the workpiece to the fitter's worktable.

[0046] Step Six: The fitter disassembles the array of cover plates 1 and removes burrs. By gently tapping the outer circumference of cover plate 1 with a wooden mallet, the N arrays of cover plates 1 can be disassembled from the workpiece one by one into individual cover plates 1, and all burrs can be removed.

[0047] Step 7: Surface treatment. Perform appropriate surface treatment on cover plate 1, and then package and store it.

[0048] in:

[0049] Z-axis—the linear axis where the three-jaw chuck of the milling and turning machining center is located (turning function spindle).

[0050] X-axis—the linear axis through which the cutting tool moves up and down in a milling and turning machining center.

[0051] Y-axis—a straight axis perpendicular to the XOZ plane.

[0052] C-axis—the rotational axis along the Z-axis of the machine tool.

[0053] Example 1:

[0054] A milling and turning machining method for cover plate 1 is described in detail below:

[0055] Processing technology design: Select 7A09-T6 pipe blank 2, based on the rounding function N1=[360º / (θ+6°)], where: θ is the sector angle of cover plate 1, 30º (e.g. Figures 1-3 As shown in the figure, it can be concluded that 10 cover plates 1 can be evenly distributed around the circumference of a complete circle with the outer arc of the cover plate 1 as the diameter; at the same time, 3 rows of cover plates 1 are processed in an array along the axial direction of the pipe, so that 30 cover plates 1 can be processed in one clamping.

[0056] The specific process flow is as follows:

[0057] Step 1: Customization Figure 4 The 7A09 pipe blank 2 shown has an outer diameter D1 = D A +3mm, pipe inner diameter D2=D B -10mm, where D A The outer arc diameter of cover plate 1 is Ø320mm, D B The inner arc diameter of cover plate 1 is Ø312mm (e.g.) Figures 1-3 (As shown).

[0058] Step 2: Clamp the 7A09 pipe blank 2 on the three-jaw chuck of the milling and turning center. Use the right end face as the width reference of the cover plate 1. Roughly turn the inner and outer circles of the cover plate 1 with a 0.3mm allowance according to the inner and outer arc dimensions. The turning length L=220mm. The spacing between the two rows of cover plates 1 is X=10mm. The width of the cover plate 1 is W=60mm.

[0059] Step 3: As Figures 5-6 As shown, the inner and outer circles are precision turned to the desired position, with a turning length L. The drill bit and 90° chamfering tool are then used. The Y-axis of the machine tool is moved to the zero position (the center of rotation of the blank) and kept stationary. Then, the C-axis, X-axis and Z-axis of the machine tool are used to machine 120 countersunk holes at the four corners of N cover plates 1.

[0060] Step 4: Rough mill the contours of 30 cover plates 1 around their perimeter. Use a Ø3 end mill, move the machine tool's Y-axis to the zero position and keep it stationary. Then, coordinate the machine tool's C-axis, X-axis, and Z-axis to rough mill the contours of N cover plates 1 around their perimeter. The tool path planning should follow... Figure 7 The logic for the cyclic milling is shown. The milling trajectory blind groove side allowance is 0.2mm, and the bottom allowance is 1mm. The rough milling process parameters are: speed... n =5500 r / min, feed f =800mm / min, depth of cut a p=0.5mm.

[0061] Step 5: Finish mill the contours of 30 cover plates 1. Use another Ø3 end mill, move the machine's Y-axis to zero and hold it stationary. Then, coordinate the machine's C-axis, X-axis, and Z-axis to finish mill the contours of N cover plates 1. Leave a 0.06mm margin at the bottom of the blind groove in the milling path without cutting off the cut. The tool path planning still follows the logic of cyclic milling. Finish milling process parameters: speed... n =6500r / min, feed f =500mm / min, depth of cut a p=0.25mm. After the machine program finishes running, open the machine door, use compressed air to remove chips, then release the three-jaw chuck to remove the workpiece, and transfer the workpiece to the fitter's worktable, such as... Figure 8 As shown.

[0062] Step Six: The fitter disassembles the array cover plate 1 and removes burrs, such as... Figures 9-10 As shown, by gently tapping the outer circumference of the cover plate 1 with a wooden mallet, the 30 arrays of cover plates 1 can be disassembled one by one from the workpiece into individual cover plates 1, and all burrs can be removed.

[0063] Step 7: Surface treatment. Perform appropriate surface treatment on cover plate 1, and then package and store it.

Claims

1. A method for combined turning and milling batch machining of cover plate type parts, i.e. batch machining of a circular arc cover plate (1), characterized in that, Specifically comprising the following steps: Step one: select blank: custom pipe blank (2), wherein, the outer diameter of the pipe blank (2) D1=D A +1~3mm, the inner diameter of the pipe blank (2) D2=D B -1~10mm, wherein D A is the outer arc diameter of the cover plate (1), and D B is the inner arc diameter of the cover plate (1); Step two: the pipe blank (2) is clamped on the three-jaw chuck of the turning-milling combined machining center, the right side end face is roughed as the width direction reference of the cover plate (1), and the inner and outer circles of the pipe blank (2) are turned; the pipe blank (2) is turned from the outside end to the inside, and the turning length L is N2*(W+X); then the number N1 of the cover plates (1) that can be turned in one turn of the pipe blank (2) is calculated, the integer N1 is obtained according to the integer function N1=[360º / (θ+4-8°)], the number N of the cover plates (1) that can be turned out of the pipe blank (2) is N=N1*N2; wherein N1 is the number of the cover plates (1) that can be turned out in one turn of the pipe blank (2), N2 is the number of the cover plates (1) that can be turned out of the pipe blank (2); X is the interval size between two rows of the cover plates (1); and W is the width of the cover plate (1); The positions of each cover plate (1) on the pipe blank (2) and the positions of the four central sunken head holes (11) of each cover plate (1) are designed in the numerical control machine tool; Step three: the inner and outer circles of the pipe blank (2) are precisely turned to the position, and the turning length L is turned; the drill and the 90º chamfering tool are called, the machine tool Y axis is moved to the zero position, i.e. the blank rotation center, and is kept stationary; then the machine tool C axis, X axis and Z axis are cooperated to machine the four central sunken head holes of the four corners of N cover plates (1); Step four: the periphery contour of N cover plates (1) is roughly milled, a Ø3 end mill is called, the machine tool Y axis is moved to the zero position and is kept stationary, then the machine tool C axis, X axis and Z axis are cooperated to roughly mill the periphery contour of N cover plates (1), and the tool path planning is according to the logic of the circular milling; The side allowance of the milling path of the blind groove is 0.2-0.3mm, and the bottom allowance is 1-1.5mm; Step five: the periphery contour of N cover plates (1) is precisely milled, another Ø3 end mill is called, the machine tool Y axis is moved to the zero position and is kept stationary, then the machine tool C axis, X axis and Z axis are cooperated to precisely mill the periphery contour of N cover plates (1) to the position; the bottom allowance of the milling path of the blind groove is 0.05-0.08mm without cutting off, and the tool path planning is still according to the logic of the circular milling; After the machine tool program is run, the machine tool door is opened, the cutting chips are cleaned by compressed air, then the three-jaw chuck of the turning-milling combined machining center is loosened, the workpiece is unloaded, and the workpiece is transferred to the bench work station; Step six: the arrayed cover plates (1) are disassembled and deburred by the bench worker, the outer periphery of the cover plate (1) is lightly knocked by a wooden hammer, then N arrayed cover plates (1) are disassembled from the workpiece one by one into single cover plates (1), and all burrs are removed; Step seven: surface treatment, the cover plate (1) is subjected to corresponding surface treatment, and is then packed and stored; Wherein, the Z axis is the linear axis of the three-jaw chuck of the turning-milling combined machining center, i.e. the turning function main shaft; the X axis is the linear axis of the up and down movement of the tool of the turning-milling combined machining center; the Y axis is the linear axis perpendicular to the XOZ plane; and the C axis is the rotation axis along the machine tool Z axis.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The customized pipe blank (2) is thicker than the cover plate (1), and the inner and outer circle arc surface size allowance of the pipe blank (2) is 0.2-0.4mm.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The rough turning of the inner and outer circles of the pipe blank (2) in the second step has a turning length L=N2×(W+X), wherein N2=3-5 rows / turn, and X=10-13 mm.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein If the cover plate (1) is made of aluminum alloy, the aluminum pipe wall thickness should be no less than 10 mm; if the cover plate (1) is made of titanium alloy, the pipe wall thickness should be no less than 6 mm.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The tool path planning is according to the logic of circular milling; wherein, the milling path blind groove side allowance is 0.2-0.3mm, the bottom surface allowance is 1-1.5mm, wherein the rough milling process parameters of the aluminum alloy material cover plate (1) are: rotating speed n =5500-6000r / min, feeding f =800-1000mm / min, cutting depth a p=0.4-0.6mm; the rough milling process parameters of the titanium alloy material cover plate (1) are: rotating speed n =1500-2000r / min, feeding f =300-400mm / min, cutting depth a p=0.25-0.35mm.

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