Roadway temporary support process

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of roadway temporary support process methods, including fixed anchor rod, fixed riveting into the inside lateral wall of roadway, same row the trapezoidal beam of bolt fixation installation is used below the fixed anchor rod;Clip, fixed installation in the bottom end of three fixed anchor rods at top end using threaded connection structure;Front probe beam, with heading machine connection is set as airborne structure, the front probe beam is hydraulic feeding mode, and the front end of the front probe beam is fixedly installed with board, and the board is used to connect the top net of roadway inner wall support.The roadway temporary support process method uses new structure design, and the support strength of the roadway roof is improved by the forepoling device, the empty roof operation is avoided, the safety of construction is increased, and a lifting force is applied to the anchor net, which greatly reduces the construction difficulty and greatly improves the reliability of construction;The unit cycle footage of roadway excavation is increased, and the excavation efficiency and the speed of forming roadway are increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of temporary roadway support technology, specifically a temporary roadway support process. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel support is a device used to support and protect the inner wall of a tunnel during excavation, thereby preventing excessive pressure from above from causing the tunnel to collapse and resulting in rupture. The widespread application of anchor wire mesh cables in large-section tunnels can effectively control the stability of the surrounding rock, improve the safety of tunnel construction, give full play to the characteristics of tunnel boring machines, and ensure the quality of tunnel excavation.

[0003] In the prior art, Chinese patent CN214035701U discloses a coal mine goaf anchor cable support system, including an arc-shaped frame. A support leg is fixedly connected to the bottom of the arc-shaped frame, and a support plate is movably connected to one side of the support leg. A sliding groove is provided inside the support plate, and a fixing plate is movably connected to one side of the support plate. A clamping plate is movably connected inside the support leg, and a pressure plate is movably connected to the front of the clamping plate. An anchor mesh is movably connected to the lower surface of the pressure plate. This coal mine goaf anchor cable support system, through the cooperation of the clamping plate, pressure plate, and adjusting bolts, can fix the anchor mesh inside the clamping plate, and fix the clamping plate to the support leg and the arc-shaped frame. Depending on the usage, it can be adjusted for anchor meshes of different lengths to accommodate a wider range of lengths. The fixing plate can be used to fix the support leg and support plate together, and the position of the arc-shaped frame can be adjusted as needed through the sliding groove on the support plate…

[0004] The above-mentioned devices are generally constructed using the method of excavation followed by support. That is, the tunneling machine first excavates the tunnel, and then the workers install the support device behind the tunneling machine. During this operation, there are no protective measures inside the tunnel when the workers are installing the support, so there is a risk of falling rocks.

[0005] In the existing technology, Chinese patent CN214035701U discloses a temporary support for roadways, belonging to the field of roadway construction technology. It solves the problem of support devices occupying roadway space, thus restricting passage and operations. It includes a side arm, a side hydraulic rod, an upper arm, a guide rod, an upper hydraulic rod, and a support. The guide rod, upper hydraulic rod, and side hydraulic rod are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support. The two ends of the upper hydraulic rod are connected to the support and the upper arm, respectively. Symmetrically arranged slides are machined on the support. One end of the guide rod is slidably connected to the support through the slide, and the other end of the guide rod is connected to the upper arm. The upper hydraulic rod is parallel to the guide rod. The two ends of the side hydraulic rod are hinged to the side arm and the support, respectively. The side arm is hinged to the upper arm. The device has a stable connection to the roadway while leaving working space…

[0006] The aforementioned device has many components, and the installation process is complicated and costly, making the overall process time-consuming and labor-intensive, thus reducing the overall construction speed. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a temporary support process for roadways to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, such as the danger of operating under an open roof during construction, the high overall cost of the equipment, and the cumbersome construction process.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a temporary support process for roadways, comprising fixed anchor bolts, trapezoidal beams, clamps, forward-extending beams, and wooden planks, and further comprising:

[0009] Fixed anchor bolts are riveted into the inner sidewall of the tunnel, and trapezoidal beams are fixedly installed below the same row of fixed anchor bolts using bolts.

[0010] The clips are fixedly installed at the bottom ends of the three fixed anchor rods at the top using a threaded connection structure;

[0011] The forward beam is connected to the tunneling machine as an onboard structure. The forward beam is hydraulically fed, and a wooden board is fixedly installed at the front end of the forward beam. The wooden board is used to connect to the roof net supporting the inner wall of the roadway.

[0012] Preferably, the forward probe beam is made of three steel pipes with a specification of 4.5m*75mm, and the distance between adjacent forward probe beams is 850mm. The forward probe beam made of three steel pipes provides pre-support for the inner wall of the roadway, thereby providing a certain safety guarantee for subsequent excavation work.

[0013] Preferably, the forward beam is supported by clamps that penetrate its exterior, and the clamps are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the roadway by pins. The clamps limit and guide the forward beam, thereby supporting the forward beam and ensuring its working strength.

[0014] Preferably, the wooden plank has a size of 1800mm*15mm*5mm, and the wooden plank is attached to the top of the tunnel. The movement of the wooden plank drives the top netting used for protection to move synchronously, thereby achieving the purpose of temporary support for the top of the tunnel.

[0015] Preferably, it includes the following steps:

[0016] S1. Before carrying out tunnel support, engineering surveying is required to determine the tunnel's geometry, geological conditions, and groundwater situation. Through surveying, the tunnel's design parameters, such as the tunnel's width, height, and inclination angle, can be determined, providing basic data for subsequent support design.

[0017] S2. Fix anchor rods at equal intervals on the inner wall of the tunnel. Then, use the threaded structure at the bottom of the anchor rod to fix the clips. Then, use pins to fix the clips to the inner wall of the tunnel. After fixing, the distance between the clips and the inner wall of the tunnel is 180mm.

[0018] S3. After the fixed anchor bolts and clamps are installed and fixed, the forward probe beam composed of three steel pipes is pushed forward by the separate hydraulic system on the tunneling machine. At this time, the three forward probe beams pass through and slide through the three sets of clamps respectively. Each set of clamps has at least two clamps at the front and back. The clamps are used to support the extended forward probe beams and improve their stability. During the movement of the forward probe beams, the wooden planks at their top move synchronously. During the movement of the wooden planks, the roof net connected to them moves, so that the roof net covers the top of the roadway and the fixed anchor bolts support the roof net. When the forward probe beams move to the specified feed rate, the forward probe beams are adjusted to be stable.

[0019] S4. After the forward beam operation is completed, the support work inside the roadway can be achieved. Then, the staff manually fixes the trapezoidal beam with fixed anchor rods and uses the trapezoidal beam to further support the inside of the roadway.

[0020] S5. After all the support is completed, the tunneling machine moves forward to excavate the next section of the roadway. After the next section is excavated, the operations in S2, S3 and S4 above are repeated to carry out support again. In order to ensure the safety of the fixed anchor bolt construction, the forward probe beam must be moved forward before each fixed anchor bolt construction and installed as required.

[0021] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This temporary roadway support process adopts a novel structural design. The advanced support device improves the support strength of the roadway roof, avoids unsupported roof operations, and increases construction safety. Simultaneously, it applies a lifting force to the anchor mesh, greatly reducing construction difficulty and significantly improving construction reliability. The unit cycle advance of roadway excavation is increased, increasing excavation efficiency and roadway completion speed. The specific details are as follows:

[0022] 1. The use of fixed anchor bolts, clamps, forward extension beams and trapezoidal beams in combination utilizes a threaded structure to install clamps at the bottom of the fixed anchor bolts, thereby supporting the forward extension beams. During construction, the extension beams first support the inner wall of the tunnel before excavation using tunneling equipment. This avoids the danger of falling rocks from above the tunnel during excavation and improves the overall safety of construction.

[0023] 2. The combined use of the forward beam and the wooden plank: the forward beam moves synchronously with the wooden plank during its movement, which in turn moves the roof net (anchor cable) to support the inner wall of the roadway. This process is simple, so the overall construction progress is fast. Furthermore, the forward beam can support the roof net, improving its effectiveness. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the front beam arrangement structure of the present invention.

[0025] In the diagram: 1. Fixed anchor bolt; 2. Trapezoidal beam; 3. Clamp; 4. Forward beam; 5. Wooden board. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: a temporary roadway support process, comprising fixed anchor bolts 1, trapezoidal beams 2, clamps 3, forward-protruding beams 4, and wooden planks 5, further comprising: fixed anchor bolts 1, which are fixedly riveted into the inner sidewall of the roadway, and trapezoidal beams 2 are fixedly installed below the same row of fixed anchor bolts 1 using bolts; clamps 3, which are fixedly installed at the bottom ends of the top three fixed anchor bolts 1 using a threaded connection structure; forward-protruding beams 4, which are connected to the tunneling machine as a machine-mounted structure, the forward-protruding beams 4 are hydraulically fed, and wooden planks 5 are fixedly installed at the front end of the forward-protruding beams 4, the wooden planks 5 being used to connect to the top mesh supporting the inner wall of the roadway.

[0028] The front probe beam 4 is made of three steel pipes with a specification of 4.5m*75mm. The distance between adjacent front probe beams 4 is 850mm. The front probe beam 4 is supported by clamps 3 that are installed through it. The clamps 3 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tunnel by pins. The wooden board 5 has a size of 1800mm*15mm*5mm and is attached to the top of the tunnel.

[0029] Before implementing tunnel support, engineering surveying is required to determine the tunnel's geometry, geological conditions, and groundwater situation. This surveying determines the tunnel's design parameters, such as width, height, and inclination angle, providing fundamental data for subsequent support design. Fixed anchor bolts 1 are inserted at equal intervals into the tunnel's inner wall. The threaded structure at the bottom of the anchor bolts 1 is then used to secure the clamps 3. Pins are then used to fix the clamps 3 to the tunnel's inner wall, ensuring a 180mm gap between the clamps 3 and the inner wall. After the anchor bolts 1 and clamps 3 are installed, a separate hydraulic system on the tunneling machine is used to move the forward-probing beams 4, composed of three steel pipes. The three forward-probing beams 4 pass through and slide through three sets of clamps 3, with at least two clamps in each set. The clamps 3 are used to secure the extended forward-probing beams 4. The support is installed to improve the stability of the forward beam 4. During the movement of the forward beam 4, the wooden plank 5 at its top moves synchronously, and the top net connected to it moves, so that the top net covers the top of the roadway. The top net is supported by the fixed anchor bolt 1. When the forward beam 4 moves to the specified feed amount, the forward beam 4 is adjusted to be stable. After the operation of the forward beam 4 is completed, the support work inside the roadway can be achieved. Then, the workers manually fix the trapezoidal beam 2 with the fixed anchor bolt 1, and use the trapezoidal beam 2 to further support the inside of the roadway. After all the support is completed, the tunneling machine moves forward to excavate the next section of the roadway. After the next section of excavation is completed, the above operation is repeated to support again. In order to ensure the safety of the fixed anchor bolt 1 construction, the forward beam 4 must be moved forward and installed as required before each fixed anchor bolt 1 construction.

[0030] The onboard equipment uses a hinged shaft connection, making the machine lightweight, flexible, easy to operate, and conducive to regular circulation. The hydraulic system of the equipment is controlled by a two-position three-way valve, which separates the support system and the tunneling machine hydraulic system, allowing them to work independently without affecting each other. The machine body is small in size, has a reasonable layout, is easy to transport, and is easy to maintain, reducing maintenance costs. The wall plate has a large support area, providing better protection for sections where anchor bolt support fails or where there is high impact pressure.

[0031] The application of the onboard hydraulic forward-extending beam temporary support method has successfully overcome the shortcomings of traditional temporary support methods, such as low support strength and poor safety. It has also successfully adapted to the parallel operation mode with roadheader tunneling, saving nearly one and a half hours per shift compared to traditional point pillar support and increasing production efficiency by about 15%. However, it was found during construction that problems with the onboard temporary support may lead to construction stoppages. Therefore, it should be combined with manual temporary support to improve the efficiency of anchor mesh support and increase the tunnel excavation speed.

[0032] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "head," "tail," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0033] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0034] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A temporary support process for roadways, comprising fixed anchor bolts (1), trapezoidal beams (2), clamps (3), forward-extending beams (4), and wooden planks (5), characterized in that, Also includes: Fixed anchor bolts (1) are fixedly riveted into the inner sidewall of the roadway. A trapezoidal beam (2) is fixedly installed below the fixed anchor bolts (1) in the same row using bolts. The clip (3) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the three fixed anchor rods (1) at the top using a threaded connection structure; The front probe beam (4) is connected to the tunneling machine as an on-board structure. The front probe beam (4) is in hydraulic feeding mode, and a wooden board (5) is fixedly installed at the front end of the front probe beam (4). The wooden board (5) is used to connect the top net supporting the inner wall of the roadway. Includes the following steps: S1. Before carrying out tunnel support, engineering surveying is required to determine the tunnel's geometry, geological conditions, and groundwater situation. Through surveying, the tunnel's design parameters, including its width, height, and inclination angle, are determined to provide basic data for subsequent support design. S2. Fix anchor rods (1) at equal intervals are inserted into the inner wall of the tunnel. Then, the clips (3) are fixed and installed using the threaded structure at the bottom of the anchor rods (1). Then, the clips (3) are fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel using pins. After the fixing is completed, the distance between the clips (3) and the inner wall of the tunnel is 180mm. S3. After the fixed anchor bolt (1) and clamp (3) are installed and fixed, the front probe beam (4) composed of three steel pipes is pushed forward by the separate hydraulic system on the tunneling machine. At this time, the three front probe beams (4) pass through and slide through the three sets of clamps (3). Each set of clamps (3) has at least two clamps in front and behind. The clamps (3) are used to support the extended front probe beam (4) and improve the stability of the front probe beam (4). During the movement of the front probe beam (4), the wooden board (5) at its top moves synchronously. During the movement of the wooden board (5), the top net connected to it moves, so that the top net covers the top of the roadway. The fixed anchor bolt (1) is used to support the top net. When the front probe beam (4) moves to the specified feed rate, the front probe beam (4) is adjusted to be stable. After the operation of S4 and the forward beam (4) is completed, the support work inside the roadway can be achieved. Then, the staff manually fixes the trapezoidal beam (2) by fixing the anchor rod (1) and uses the trapezoidal beam (2) to further support the inside of the roadway. S5. After all the support is completed, the tunneling machine moves forward to excavate the next section of the roadway. After the next section is excavated, repeat the operations in S2, S3 and S4 above to support again. In order to ensure the safety of the fixed anchor (1) construction, the front probe beam (4) must be moved forward before each fixed anchor (1) construction and installed as required.

2. The temporary support process for roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front probe beam (4) is made of three steel pipes with a specification of 4.5m*75mm, and the distance between adjacent front probe beams (4) is 850mm.

3. The temporary support process for roadways according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front beam (4) is supported by a clamp (3) that runs through its exterior, and the clamp (3) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the roadway by a pin.

4. The temporary support process for roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dimensions of the wooden board (5) are 1800mm*15mm*5mm, and the wooden board (5) is attached to the top of the alley.

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