Integrated blade grate tile

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of grate of solid waste incineration treatment incinerator, disclose integrated blade grate piece, including the whole grate piece of strip plate shape along the transverse direction, the grate piece includes the base web and a plurality of grate heads arranged side by side on the base web, the internal cavity of the grate head is gas chamber, the base web is provided with the air hole communicated with the gas chamber, the grate head is provided with the primary air hole communicated with the gas chamber;It also includes the grate shaft, and the base web is connected on the grate shaft.The present application is the transverse whole integrated structure grate piece, and the plurality of grate heads is axially and circumferentially arranged in a staggered manner, which has a comprehensive separation effect on the garbage layer, so that the staggered primary air is more easily penetrated into the layer, the material drying and combustion rate are enhanced, the material processing cycle is shortened, the system working efficiency is improved, and the transverse connection and tailstock support structure of the grate piece are removed, the parts and system combination structure are simplified, and the installation and maintenance cycle is effectively shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grates for solid waste incineration furnaces, specifically to integrated blade grate bars. Background Technology

[0002] Existing waste treatment technologies mainly include incineration, sanitary landfill, composting, and waste recycling. Among conventional waste treatment technologies, incineration has advantages such as significant volume reduction, thorough harmlessness, small land occupation, utilization of waste heat energy, and less secondary pollution, which meets the requirements of my country's sustainable development.

[0003] The most important component of a waste incinerator is the grate system. The grate system is responsible for transporting waste within the furnace, while also increasing waste agitation and mixing with air to improve combustion efficiency.

[0004] Various types of incinerator grates have now been developed, especially the so-called reciprocating grate incinerator. A reciprocating grate system mainly consists of fixed grate groups and movable grate groups. The basic unit of a grate group is a single grate bar, which are connected in rows or columns to form a grate group. Ultimately, numerous grate bars overlap regularly like roof tiles, forming the support structure for waste combustion. The movable grate bars, which can move back and forth, alternate with the fixed grate bars, and their relative movement causes the waste to move forward and backward. On a reciprocating grate, the waste layer is intensely and continuously turned and agitated, causing the waste layer to be repeatedly loosened and rearranged.

[0005] Currently, Chinese municipal solid waste is characterized by low calorific value and high moisture content. To ensure a stable incinerator outlet temperature above 850℃, a sufficiently high layer of waste needs to be piled on the grate. Therefore, the grate bars must be able to rotate, agitate, and loosen the entire waste layer in all directions to shorten drying time and improve combustion efficiency. Simultaneously, due to the high moisture content and complex composition of Chinese municipal solid waste, it is prone to clumping and forming clumps during drying and combustion. Therefore, the grate bars must also reduce the likelihood of clumping and caking, ensuring that the waste within the clumps has sufficient contact with the primary air, achieving thorough drying and complete combustion, thereby reducing the loss on ignition.

[0006] Despite the development of various grate structures over the years, the main structure of grate bars remains a narrow, elongated plate. Multiple grate bars are required to form a grate assembly, as illustrated in patent CN101929679B, which describes a combustion grate with horizontally arranged, staggered head protrusions. Fixed beams pass through slots at the tails of the same row of fixed grate bars to form fixed grate plates, while movable beams pass through slots at the tails of the same row of movable grate bars to form movable grate plates. The movable and fixed grate plates overlap and alternately form the grate. Each grate bar has an upward-protruding head at one end and a long, integrally formed plate at the other. This design requires supporting structures for both the grate bars and the grate assembly, making installation, replacement, and maintenance extremely complex. Numerous connection points result in high installation and maintenance costs, long operating cycles, and increased slag leakage due to wear between the grate bars.

[0007] Patent CN114484451B discloses a rotary blade grate anti-slagging incinerator, which uses impeller-type grate plates for waste conveying and slagging operations. Multiple impeller-structured grate plates are installed side by side on a rotating shaft. During rotation, the waste is conveyed and broken up. Although the grate plates can help convey and break up the waste through rotation, the blades that come into contact with the waste are square blocks with edges but no cutting edges. During use, long strips of flexible waste are easy to get tangled on them, causing the grate plates to jam, fail to effectively break up the waste, mix the waste, and even cause the waste to clump together, affecting the combustion efficiency of the waste.

[0008] Another example is patent CN106705079A, which discloses a rotary grate including a mounting base, a shaft plate group A, a shaft plate group B, and a drive motor connected to each shaft plate group. The toothed shaft plates of shaft plate group A and shaft plate group B are arranged at intervals, with both ends of the toothed shaft plates pivotally connected to the mounting base. Each toothed shaft plate consists of a rotating shaft and toothed plates arranged symmetrically along the axial direction of the rotating shaft. Gears are fixed to the rotating shafts of the toothed shaft plates in each shaft plate group, and transition gears are movably fitted onto them, with the gears meshing with the transition gears for transmission. This patent uses staggered toothed plates to form the grate, and the toothed plates shear and break up the waste during rotation. However, this also presents the problem that flexible waste easily becomes entangled on the grate, causing the grate plates to jam, failing to effectively break up the waste, and resulting in mixed waste.

[0009] In summary, existing grate bars are all individual and scattered units. When in use, multiple grate bars need to be connected and combined to form a grate group. Ultimately, multiple grates fill the incinerator. Each grate bar and its grate group requires an installation support structure, which makes the overall installation and replacement of the grate very complicated. There are many installation connection points, and the cost and operation cycle of installation and maintenance are very long. In addition, the existing rotary grates mostly have impeller blade-shaped grate bars, which have edges but no cutting edges, resulting in poor effects on breaking, cutting and mixing waste. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The present invention aims to provide an integrated blade grate to solve the problem that the existing rotary grates used in waste incinerators are mostly impeller blades, which have edges but no cutting edges. They are easily entangled by flexible waste, resulting in poor waste cutting and mixing.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an integrated blade grate plate, comprising an integral grate plate that is strip-shaped in the transverse direction, the grate plate including a base web and multiple grate heads arranged side by side on the base web, the base web having an arc-shaped cross-section, the grate heads being hollow wedge-shaped with blades on the edges, the internal cavity of the grate head being an air chamber, the base web having a vent hole communicating with the air chamber, and the grate head having a primary air hole communicating with the air chamber; it also includes a grate shaft, the base web being connected to the grate shaft, the grate shaft having an air duct along its length, the grate shaft having an air outlet communicating with the vent hole in the middle, the grate head having an air inlet communicating with the air duct at the end, and a power mechanism for driving rotation connected to the end of the grate head.

[0012] Preferably, as an improvement, the blade includes an arc-shaped sliding blade, an arc-shaped top blade, and a straight cutting blade in sequence. The air duct runs through the grate shaft along its length. After the grate shaft is connected to the side beam, it provides primary air into the air duct from both ends.

[0013] Preferably, as an improvement, the grate head is provided with two curved panel-shaped side plates, the roots of the sliding blade, top blade, and cutting blade are all connected to the side plates, and the side plates are fixedly connected to the web of the base plate.

[0014] Preferably, as an improvement, the primary air hole is opened on one or more of the side plate, the cutting edge of the sliding blade, the cutting edge of the top blade, or the cutting edge of the cutting blade.

[0015] Preferably, as an improvement, the grate bars are detachably connected to the grate shaft.

[0016] Preferably, as an improvement, the base web between two adjacent grate heads is provided with a connecting hole, and the grate shaft is provided with a fastening screw hole corresponding to the connecting hole. The base web and the grate shaft are connected by set screws that pass through and connect to the connecting hole and the fastening screw hole.

[0017] Preferably, as an improvement, multiple grate plates are symmetrically connected on the grate shaft, and the grate heads on the multiple grate plates are staggered.

[0018] Preferably, as an improvement, the dimensions of two adjacent grate heads on the grate are the same.

[0019] Preferably, as an improvement, the dimensions of two adjacent grate heads on the grate are different.

[0020] Preferably, as an improvement, the primary air vents gradually expand towards the air chamber, forming an inverted funnel shape.

[0021] The integrated blade grate provided by this invention, when applied to the grate of a waste incinerator, is mainly used as a fixed grate. By improving the multiple horizontally arranged grate plates in a traditional grate into a single integral piece, the number of connection points for grate plate installation is reduced. After installation, the fixed grate in the incinerator grate consists of a single integrated blade grate plate spanning the grate horizontally, reducing the operational cycle costs of installation and maintenance. The grate shaft and grate plates are combined with several grate heads with blade-like structures, which can achieve reciprocating oscillation or reciprocating rotation under the drive of a power mechanism. During incineration operation, it works in conjunction with the moving grate, effectively cutting, breaking up, agitating, and mixing the waste layer during the conveying process through the blade structure. This effectively solves the problem of flexible waste entanglement on existing rotating grate plates, resulting in ineffective cutting and mixing of waste, and poor effects in breaking up, cutting, and mixing waste.

[0022] The advantages of this invention are:

[0023] 1. The grate head adopts a wedge-shaped edge structure with blades. This blade structure effectively crushes and cuts the waste layer, preventing flexible waste from entangled in the blades. In different rotation directions, when the sliding blades rotate towards the waste layer, they slide and cut into it, reducing resistance and making it easier to slide into the waste layer, preventing waste from entangled on the grate plates. When the cutting blades rotate towards the waste layer, they can directly cut into it, making it easier to separate the waste layer and improving the mixing effect. The top blade, located between the sliding and cutting blades, acts as a transition blade, helping to maintain the separated state of the waste layer. This grate head structure enhances the mixing effect of the waste layer compared to existing grate plates, and when used in an inclined grate installation, it does not affect the normal conveying of the waste layer.

[0024] 2. The combination of grate bars and grate shaft can be used. A single grate bar can be installed and then reciprocated to cut and mix the waste layer. Alternatively, two or more grate bars can be installed and then reciprocated to cut and mix the waste layer more deeply and over a wider area, resulting in a more obvious waste dispersing and loosening effect, which is more conducive to the full drying and combustion of waste.

[0025] 3. The primary air holes are set on the side plate of the grate head. The primary air holes are located on the side, perpendicular to the conveying direction of the waste material layer, and the primary air holes gradually expand towards the air chamber to form an inverted trumpet-shaped primary air hole. The air supply is distributed laterally. Combined with the blade structure of the grate head, it is conducive to the uniform distribution of primary air into the waste material layer. While ensuring the air supply, it minimizes the possibility of fine ash entering the air chamber.

[0026] 4. The grate shaft adopts an internally hollow air duct. During long-term operation, some ash and slag will inevitably accumulate in the air duct. Such air ducts can be cleaned online by setting a closable opening at the end of the grate shaft and inserting a cleaning brush to ensure unobstructed airflow.

[0027] 5. The single integrated blade grate is a single-row integral grate that fills the entire incinerator. It only needs to be installed and fixed at both ends of the grate shaft through the connection structure. There are fewer connection points for installation and replacement, fewer points for installation and maintenance, and it is easier and more convenient to assemble and maintain, which helps to reduce the cycle and cost of installation and disassembly.

[0028] 6. The grate in the incinerator is a single integrated grate piece in the horizontal direction, which eliminates the gaps between multiple grate pieces in the existing technology. This prevents waste from falling through the gaps and helps reduce the leakage of ash from the top of the grate to the moving structure below during application.

[0029] 7. The grate heads on the grate plates can be the same or different in size, which can achieve a more significant cutting and mixing effect of the waste material layer. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a front longitudinal sectional view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of point D in the middle.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a top view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a side view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a side view of the grate bars in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a front longitudinal sectional view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a side view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a side view of the grate bars in Embodiment 6 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 9 This is a side view of the grate bars in Embodiment 7 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 10 This is a side view of the grate bars in Embodiment 8 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 11 This is a partial longitudinal sectional view of Embodiment 9 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 12 This is a side view of the grate bars in Embodiment 10 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0043] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: grate shaft 1, air inlet 2, primary air vent 3, set screw 4, air chamber 5, base web 6, vent 7, air outlet 8, grate head 9, crank 10, oil cylinder 11, motor 12, gearbox 13, sliding blade 901, side plate 903, top blade 904, and cutting blade 905.

[0044] Example 1, basically as shown in the attached document. Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown: Integrated blade grate plate, comprising a one-piece cast strip-shaped grate plate, the grate plate including a base web 6 and thirteen grate heads 9 arranged side by side on the base web 6, combined with... Figure 5 As shown, the cross-sectional profile of the base web 6 is arc-shaped, and connecting holes are provided on the base web 6 between two adjacent grate heads 9. Figure 2 , Figure 5 As shown, the grate head 9 is a hollow, wedge-shaped structure with blades along its edges. The blades consist of an arc-shaped sliding blade 901, an arc-shaped top blade 904, and a straight cutting blade 905. The grate head 9 has two curved, panel-like side plates 903. The roots of the sliding blade 901, top blade 904, and cutting blade 905 are welded and fixed to the side plates 903, which are welded to the base web plate 6. Adjacent grate heads 9 on the grate plate have the same dimensions. The internal cavity of the grate head 9 is a gas chamber 5. A vent 7 communicating with the gas chamber 5 is provided on the base web plate 6, and a primary air vent 3 communicating with the gas chamber 5 is provided on the grate head 9, located on the side plate 903. It also includes a grate shaft 1, on which a grate plate is connected. The grate shaft 1 has fastening screw holes corresponding to the connecting holes. The base web 6 of the grate plate is connected to the grate shaft 1 by set screws 4 passing through the connecting holes and fastening screw holes. An air duct is provided inside the grate shaft 1 along its length. An air outlet 8 communicating with a vent 7 is provided in the middle of the grate shaft 1. An air inlet 2 communicating with the air duct is provided at the end of the grate head 9. A power mechanism for driving rotation is connected to the end of the grate head 9.

[0045] In practical applications, it is used in conjunction with the side beam. The side beam is hollow and the internal cavity of the side beam is connected to the primary air source. Both ends of the grate shaft 1 are inserted into the side beam. The air inlet 2 at the end of the grate head 9 is located in the internal cavity of the side beam. After the grate shaft 1 is connected to the side beam, it provides primary air to the air duct from both ends.

[0046] Combination Figure 4 As shown, the power mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder 11 that is hinged and fixed. A crank 10 is hinged to the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder 11. A bushing is welded to the end of the crank 10. The end of the grate shaft 1 is inserted into the bushing and connected by bolts or key blocks.

[0047] When applied to the grate of a waste incinerator, the integrated blade grate plates of this invention are bolted to the grate shaft 1. Both ends of the grate shaft 1 are inserted into the grate's side beams. The hydraulic cylinder 11, serving as the power source, is bolted to the grate frame and functions as the fixed grate in the reciprocating grate of the waste incinerator. During operation, the hydraulic cylinder 11 extends and retracts via the crank 10 and the hinged structures at both ends, enabling the crank 10 to drive the grate shaft 1 to reciprocate within a certain angle range. The grate shaft 1 then drives the grate plates to reciprocate. When used in conjunction with the movable grate of the reciprocating grate, the movable grate continuously pushes and compresses the waste material layer onto the integrated blade grate plates. During the oscillation of the integrated blade grate plates, the sliding blade 901 and the cutting blade 905 repeatedly cut the waste material layer. When the sliding blade 901 rotates towards the waste layer, it slides and cuts into the waste layer, reducing resistance and making it easier to slide into the waste layer, preventing waste from tangling on the grate plates. When the cutting blade 905 rotates towards the waste layer, it can directly cut into the waste layer, making it easier to separate the waste layer and improving the mixing effect. The top blade 904 is located between the sliding blade 901 and the cutting blade 905, serving as a transition blade, which helps maintain the separated state of the waste layer. This integrated blade grate plate effectively cuts and breaks up the waste layer, allowing the waste to be fully mixed and loosened. While effectively cutting and breaking up the waste layer, the integrated blade grate plate of this invention uses the air duct inside the grate shaft 1 to simultaneously supply primary air to multiple grate heads 9. The primary air is discharged laterally from the primary air holes 3 on the side plates 903 of the grate heads 9, making the primary air distribution on the grate more uniform and comprehensive. Combined with the blade structure to cut, break up, and loosen the waste layer, it is more conducive to the drying and combustion of the waste.

[0048] Because the grate bars are a single, transverse component, there are no seams or gaps between multiple grate bars as in traditional systems, significantly reducing slag and air leakage during engineering applications. First, the grate bars are connected to the grate shaft 1 via set screws 4 to form an integrated structure. This integrated structure is fixed to the side beams only by inserting both ends into them, eliminating gaps between the integrated blade grate bars and the side beams, further reducing slag leakage. Installation and commissioning are also simpler, shortening the system installation and disassembly cycle. Furthermore, the hollow structural design, combined with the side beams for primary air supply, eliminates the need for the existing air chamber supply method. The primary air is heated by passing through the side beams before being supplied to the integrated blade grate bars, reducing the amount of heat buildup at the grate side beams in traditional waste incinerators. The transverse air outlet effectively prevents ash from entering the air duct. Even if some ash is unavoidably present in the air duct, an openable port at the end of the grate shaft 1 allows for effective online cleaning of accumulated ash using a cleaning brush. Compared with existing technologies, the overall structure is more integrated, simpler, and easier to install and maintain.

[0049] Example 2, as Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is only that two grate plates are symmetrically connected to a single grate shaft 1, with grate heads 9 aligned on the two grate plates. The power mechanism includes a motor 12 and a reduction gearbox 13. The end of the grate shaft 1 is connected to the reduction gearbox 13, which outputs the power from the motor 12 to the grate shaft 1 after speed reduction. In this embodiment, the power output by the motor 12 can drive the grate shaft 1 to reciprocate. The structural design of the two grate plates enables cutting, breaking up, and loosening of the waste material layer at a greater depth.

[0050] Example 3 differs from Example 1 only in that two grate plates are symmetrically connected to a single grate shaft 1, with staggered grate heads 9 on the two grate plates. The power mechanism includes a motor 12 and a reduction gearbox 13. The end of the grate shaft 1 is connected to the reduction gearbox 13, which outputs the power from the motor 12 to the grate shaft 1 after speed reduction. In this example, the power output by the motor 12 drives the grate shaft 1 to reciprocate. The structural design of the two grate plates and the staggered grate heads 9 allows for more thorough and reliable cutting, breaking up, and loosening of the waste material layer over a greater depth.

[0051] Example 4 differs from Example 1 only in that the dimensions of two adjacent grate heads 9 on the grate plate are different. The different dimensions of adjacent grate heads 9 on the grate plate in this example result in a more significant cutting and breaking up of the waste material layer.

[0052] Example 5 differs from Example 1 only in that the primary air vent 3 gradually expands towards the air chamber 5, forming an inverted funnel shape. In this example, the inverted funnel shape of the primary air vent 3 further reduces the probability of ash and slag entering the air chamber 5.

[0053] Example 6, the only difference between this example and Example 1 is that, Figure 8 As shown, the primary air hole 3 is opened on the cutting surface of the sliding blade 901. The primary air is discharged obliquely from the primary air hole 3 on the cutting surface of the sliding blade 901 of the grate head 9, making the primary air distribution on the grate more uniform and comprehensive. Combined with the blade structure, it cuts, breaks up and loosens the waste material layer, which is more conducive to the drying and combustion of waste.

[0054] Example 7, the only difference between this example and Example 1 is that, Figure 9 As shown, the primary air hole 3 is opened on the cutting surface of the top blade 904. The primary air is discharged obliquely from the primary air hole 3 on the cutting surface of the top blade 904 of the grate head 9, making the primary air distribution on the grate more uniform and comprehensive. Combined with the blade structure, it cuts, breaks up and loosens the waste material layer, which is more conducive to the drying and combustion of waste.

[0055] Example 8, the only difference between this example and Example 1 is that, Figure 10 As shown, the primary air hole 3 is opened on the cutting edge 905. The primary air is discharged obliquely from the primary air hole 3 on the cutting edge 905 of the grate head 9, making the primary air distribution on the grate more uniform and comprehensive. Combined with the blade structure, it cuts, breaks up and loosens the waste material layer, which is more conducive to the drying and combustion of waste.

[0056] Example 9, the only difference between this example and Example 1 is that, Figure 11 As shown, multiple base plates are connected side-by-side along the axial direction on the grate shaft, and the height of the grate head on the base plates decreases from the end of the grate shaft towards the middle. This grate plate structure allows for more thorough cutting, breaking up, and agitation of the waste material layer during use.

[0057] Example 10, the only difference between this example and Example 1 is that, Figure 12 As shown, eight grate plates are symmetrically connected to the grate shaft. The grate heads on the eight grate plates are symmetrically arranged and rotate symmetrically along the axial direction of the grate shaft, forming a spirally interlaced structure. This grate plate structure allows for more thorough cutting, breaking up, and agitation of the waste material layer during use.

[0058] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as specific technical solutions and / or characteristics are not described in detail here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. An integrated blade grate, characterized in that: The system includes an integral grate plate that is strip-shaped in the transverse direction. The grate plate includes a base web and multiple grate heads arranged side by side on the base web. The cross-sectional profile of the base web is arc-shaped. The grate heads are hollow wedge-shaped with blades on the edges. The internal cavity of the grate head is a gas chamber. The base web has ventilation holes communicating with the gas chamber. The grate heads have primary air holes communicating with the gas chamber. The system also includes a grate shaft. The base web is connected to the grate shaft. The grate shaft has an air duct along its length. The middle of the grate shaft has an air outlet communicating with the ventilation holes. The end of the grate head has an air inlet communicating with the air duct. The end of the grate head is connected to a power mechanism that drives the rotation. The blades consist of an arc-shaped sliding blade, an arc-shaped top blade, and a straight cutting blade. The grate head is provided with two curved panel-shaped side plates. The roots of the sliding blade, top blade, and cutting blade are all connected to the side plates, which are fixedly connected to the base web. The grate plates are detachably connected to the grate shaft.

2. The integrated blade grate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The primary air hole is opened on one or more of the following: the side plate, the cutting surface of the sliding blade, the cutting surface of the top blade, or the cutting surface of the cutting blade.

3. The integrated blade grate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base web between two adjacent grate heads is provided with a connecting hole, and the grate shaft is provided with a fastening screw hole corresponding to the connecting hole. The base web is connected to the grate shaft by a set screw that passes through the connecting hole and the fastening screw hole.

4. The integrated blade grate according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple grate plates are symmetrically connected to the grate shaft, and the grate heads on the multiple grate plates are staggered.

5. The integrated blade grate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dimensions of two adjacent grate heads on the grate are the same.

6. The integrated blade grate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dimensions of two adjacent grate heads on the grate plate are different.

7. The integrated blade grate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The primary air vent gradually expands into the air chamber, forming an inverted funnel shape.

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