Sediment particle impact test device and test method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a sediment particle impact test device and a test method thereof, and relates to the technical field of sediment impact tests.The device comprises a first container for storing a fluid, a second container with at least one transparent surface for observing test phenomena, a connecting pipe with a first end in communication with the first container and a second end in communication with the second container, a driving device for conveying the fluid in the connecting pipe from the first end to the second end, and a sediment injection device for adding sediment to the inside of the connecting pipe.The device enables sediment particles to impact in the fluid in the second container, the second container with the transparent surface facilitates observation and recording of test results, and is beneficial to relevant personnel to explore the mechanical law mechanism of the sediment particles after impacting in the fluid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of sediment impact testing technology, specifically to a sediment particle impact testing device and its testing method. Background Technology

[0002] Water is the source of life, and almost all usable water resources come from rivers. Therefore, protecting rivers is protecting human life and health, and its significance is paramount. A correct understanding of sediment movement in rivers is fundamental to their utilization and protection. Since sediment movement in rivers can cause problems such as floods, reservoir siltation, irrigation canal siltation, and harbor siltation, a clear understanding of the motion laws and mechanical mechanisms of sediment particle impact is crucial for solving river sediment problems. For example, sediment particle impact generally occurs in fluid environments, but whether the trajectory of sediment particle impact is linear under different flow conditions, and whether the impact process satisfies the momentum theorem, and the underlying mechanical mechanisms, have significant guiding implications for the ecological management of rivers, lakes, and oceans. Although numerous experimental devices exist for studying fluid motion, experimental equipment for simulating sediment particle impact in fluids is still lacking. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a mud and sand particle impact testing device and method to solve the technical problem that there is currently no device or method on the market to simulate how mud and sand particles move after impact in a fluid.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution:

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a mud and sand particle impact testing device, comprising: a first container for storing fluid; a second container having at least one transparent surface for observing test phenomena; a connecting pipe having a first end connected to the first container and a second end connected to the second container; a driving device for at least transporting fluid located in the connecting pipe from the first end to the second end; and a mud and sand injection device for adding mud and sand into the interior of the connecting pipe.

[0006] In another embodiment of this application, the sediment injection device includes: a sand inlet hole disposed on the connecting pipe; a rotating ring sleeved on the outer periphery of the connecting pipe, the rotating ring being rotatable, the axis of rotation of the rotating ring coinciding with the axis of rotation of the connecting pipe; and at least one funnel, each funnel being disposed on the rotating ring, wherein when the funnel is opposite to and engages with the sand inlet hole, the funnel is connected to the connecting pipe through the sand inlet hole.

[0007] In another embodiment of this application, the sediment injection device further includes a limiting structure for limiting the relative displacement between the rotating ring and the connecting pipe, wherein the direction of the relative displacement is parallel to the axis of the connecting pipe.

[0008] In another embodiment of this application, the limiting structure includes: an annular groove disposed on the connecting pipe, the axis of the annular groove coinciding with the axis of the connecting pipe, and the annular groove being adapted to the rotating ring; or, two limiting rings disposed on the connecting pipe, an annular groove being formed between the two limiting rings, the axis of the annular groove coinciding with the axis of the connecting pipe, and the annular groove being adapted to the rotating ring.

[0009] In another embodiment of this application, the sediment injection device further includes a positioning structure for limiting the rotation of the rotating ring.

[0010] In another embodiment of this application, the positioning structure includes: a first positioning hole disposed on the connecting pipe or the limiting ring; a second positioning hole disposed on the rotating ring and corresponding to each funnel, wherein when the funnel is opposite to and engaged with the sand inlet hole, the axis of the second positioning hole corresponding to the funnel coincides with the axis of the first positioning hole; and a positioning pin adapted to each of the second positioning holes and adapted to the first positioning hole.

[0011] In another embodiment of this application, the mud and sand particle impact testing device further includes: a baffle plate, which is movably connected to the second container and divides the interior of the second container into a water inlet chamber and a test chamber, wherein the water inlet chamber and the test chamber are distributed sequentially from top to bottom, and the test chamber is used to store the impacted mud and sand layer.

[0012] In another embodiment of this application, the second container includes an upper chamber and a lower chamber, the lower chamber being detachably connected to the upper chamber, a baffle plate being disposed between the upper chamber and the lower chamber, and the water inlet chamber being located inside the upper chamber and the test chamber being located inside the lower chamber.

[0013] In another embodiment of this application, the sediment particle impact testing device further includes: an elastic membrane disposed in the lower chamber, which divides the lower chamber into an adjustment chamber and a stacking trough that are not interconnected, the stacking trough and the adjustment chamber being distributed sequentially from top to bottom; and a plurality of evenly distributed lifting columns, each of which can be raised and lowered along the direction of gravity, and the first end of each lifting column is in contact with the bottom surface of the elastic membrane.

[0014] In another embodiment of this application, the bottom of the lower housing is provided with a plurality of casters.

[0015] In another embodiment of this application, the first container is provided with a water inlet structure for fluid located outside the first container to enter the first container; the second container is provided with a water outlet structure for fluid located inside the second container to flow out of the second container.

[0016] In another embodiment of this application, the sediment particle impact testing device further includes: at least one flow indicator disposed inside the second container for displaying the flow state of the fluid inside the second container.

[0017] In another embodiment of this application, the mud and sand particle impact testing equipment further includes at least one video recording device for recording the test phenomena.

[0018] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application propose a method for a sediment particle impact test, the method comprising: transporting fluid from a first container to a second container via a driving device and a connecting pipe; injecting sediment into the connecting pipe via a sediment injection device; so that the sediment, along with the fluid inside the connecting pipe, impacts the impacted sediment layer in the second container; the impacted sediment layer is pre-set in the second container; and observing and recording the movement trajectory of each sediment particle.

[0019] In another embodiment of this application, injecting silt into the connecting pipe via the silt injection device includes: dyeing the silt in the silt injection device to distinguish the silt particles in the silt injection device from the silt particles in the impacted silt layer.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are:

[0021] This application enables sediment particles to impact within the fluid in a second container. The second container, with its transparent surface, facilitates observation and recording of experimental results, and helps relevant personnel to explore the mechanical mechanisms of sediment particles impacting in the fluid. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the sediment particle impact testing equipment proposed in the embodiments of this application;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a top view of the sediment injection device proposed in the embodiments of this application;

[0024] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of the medium sediment injection device according to line AA;

[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 3Enlarged view of section A;

[0026] Figure 5 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of the medium sediment injection device according to the BB line;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the second container proposed in the embodiments of this application;

[0028] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the second container in the middle;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an impacted mud and sand layer designed with a lower box in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another impacted mud and sand layer designed with a lower box in this embodiment of the application.

[0031] In the diagram: 1. First container; 110. Water inlet structure; 2. Connecting pipe; 210. Sand inlet hole; 220. Limiting ring; 221. First positioning hole; 3. Drive device; 4. Sediment injection device; 410. Rotating ring; 411. Second positioning hole; 420. Funnel; 5. Second container; 510. Upper box; 511. Water outlet structure; 512. Flow indicator; 520. Lower box; 521. Elastic membrane; 522. Lifting column; 523. Caster wheel; 530. Baffle plate; 6. Recording device; 7. Positioning pin; 8. Impacted sediment layer. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0033] It should be noted that in the description of this application, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0034] Furthermore, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions and shapes of the various components shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn to actual scale. For example, the thickness or width of some layers may be exaggerated relative to other layers; and some replaceable shapes may be replaced accordingly.

[0035] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined or described in one figure, it will not need to be discussed or described in detail in the description of the subsequent figures.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a technical solution: a sediment particle impact testing device, which includes: a first container 1, a second container 5, a connecting pipe 2, a driving device 3, and a sediment injection device 4. The first end of the connecting pipe 2 is connected to the first container 1, and the second end of the connecting pipe 2 is connected to the second container 5. The driving device 3 is used to transport fluid located in the connecting pipe 2 from the first end to the second end. The sediment injection device 4 is used to add sediment into the connecting pipe 2. In use, when the driving device 3 is turned on, it can transport the fluid inside the first container 1 to the second container 5 through the connecting pipe 2, and inject sediment into the connecting pipe 2 through the sediment injection device 4. The fluid inside the connecting pipe 2 can carry the sediment into the second container 5, thereby impacting the impacted sediment layer 8 located inside the second container 5. Based on the experimental device disclosed in this application, various related studies can be achieved by observing the movement trajectory of sediment particles in the sediment. It should be clear that, since the movement trajectory of the mud and sand particles in the second container 5 needs to be observed during the experiment, the second container 5 must have at least one transparent surface for observing the experimental phenomena.

[0037] It is important to clarify that the transparent surface here can refer to the transparent surface of a solid object. For example, if a second container 5 is made of transparent glass or transparent plastic sheet, and a certain inner wall of the second container 5 is transparent, then the surface formed by that inner wall can be considered as a transparent surface. The transparent surface here can also refer to a transparent surface formed without any solid covering. For example, if a tank without a top surface is used as the second container 5, then the top surface of the second container 5 can be considered as a transparent surface.

[0038] As can be seen from the above, in the embodiments of this application, the first container 1 is mainly used to store the fluid that impacts the sediment particles. Therefore, the embodiments of this application do not impose any restrictions on the shape and structure of the first container 1. The first container 1 can be designed into various shapes and structures according to its own experimental requirements, for example: Figure 1As shown, the first container 1 is designed as a cylindrical or square box, or for the convenience of certain experiments, a pit or cellar is dug directly in the ground as the first container 1, or a natural river or natural pond is used as the first container 1.

[0039] It is important to understand that the second container 5 is primarily used to hold the impacted sediment layer 8, in order to observe the trajectory of sediment particles in the impacted sediment layer 8 after being impacted by other sediment particles. Therefore, for the same reasons mentioned above, in the embodiments of this application, there are no restrictions on the shape and structure of the second container 5, and it can be designed into various shapes and structures according to its own experimental requirements.

[0040] It should be understood that, in one embodiment of this application, when the capacity of the first container 1 and the second container 5 is limited, resulting in insufficient fluid in the first container 1 or excessive fluid in the second container 5, making it impossible to continue the experiment, that is, during the experiment, if there is insufficient fluid in the first container 1, fluid needs to be added from the outside of the first container 1, or if there is excessive fluid in the second container 5, the excess fluid needs to be discharged. In one embodiment of this application, to solve the above technical problems, the first container 1 is provided with a water inlet structure 110, which is used for fluid located outside the first container 1 to enter the first container 1; the second container 5 is provided with a water outlet structure 511, which is used for fluid located inside the second container 5 to flow out of the second container 5.

[0041] As can be seen from the above, in the embodiments of this application, fluid located outside the first container 1 can enter the interior of the first container 1 through the water inlet structure 110. Therefore, the water inlet structure 110 can be of any form and structure. For example, the water inlet structure 110 can be as follows: Figure 1 The circular hole shown or as Figure 6 The square hole shown can also be a pipe or funnel connected to the first container 1.

[0042] For the same reasons mentioned above, the outlet structure 511 can also be of any form and structure. For example... Figure 6 As shown in a specific embodiment of this application, the water outlet structure 511 is an elongated hole, and the extension direction of the elongated hole is parallel to the horizontal plane. Compared with other shapes of holes, such as circular holes, when water is discharged from the second container 5 through this type of water outlet structure 511, the disturbance to the fluid flow in the second container 5 is smaller and will not affect the test results.

[0043] At the same time, it should be noted that although the names of many components in the device of this application are related to water, such as the water inlet structure 110 and the water outlet structure 511, this does not mean that the fluid mentioned in this application is only water. Appropriate substances can be selected as the fluid proposed in the embodiments of this application according to the purpose of the test. For example, any one or a mixture of alcohol, oil, salt water and water can be used as the fluid.

[0044] It should be clear that, as described above, in the embodiments of this application, the driving device 3 is mainly for providing power for fluid flow. Therefore, the driving device 3 can be any commercially available device capable of driving fluid, without any limitations, such as gear pumps, centrifugal pumps, screw pumps, reciprocating pumps, piston pumps, hydraulic plunger pumps, and mud pumps, etc. Of course, commercially available non-pump fluid conveying equipment can also be used.

[0045] In another embodiment of this application, to meet the flow rate requirements of some tests on the fluid inside the connecting pipe 2, the drive device 3 can be configured as a metering pump. Of course, it is readily understood that in other embodiments of this application, the function of a metering pump can be achieved by combining a flow meter and the drive device 3.

[0046] It should be clear that, in the embodiments of this application, sediment can be injected into the connecting pipe 2 through the sediment injection device 4. It is easy to understand that the sediment injection device 4 can be of any structure. For example, the sediment injection device 4 can be a sand inlet hole 210 opened on the connecting pipe 2, through which sediment is manually added into the connecting pipe 2; or the sediment injection device 4 can be a funnel 420 provided on the connecting pipe 2, through which sediment is added into the connecting pipe 2.

[0047] In some embodiments of this application, in order to control the amount of mud and sand added to the inside of the connecting pipe 2, mechanical equipment can be used to add mud and sand to the inside of the connecting pipe 2 through the sand inlet 210 or the funnel 420, such as a loss-in-weight scale or other equipment similar to a loss-in-weight scale.

[0048] To enhance the functionality of the sediment injection device 4, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown in a specific embodiment of this application, the sediment injection device 4 includes: a sand inlet hole 210 disposed on the connecting pipe 2, a rotating ring 410, and at least one funnel 420. The rotating ring 410 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the connecting pipe 2 and is capable of rotation, with its rotation axis coinciding with the axis of the connecting pipe 2. Each funnel 420 is disposed on the rotating ring 410. When the funnel 420 is opposite to and engages with the sand inlet hole 210, the funnel 420 is connected to the connecting pipe 2 through the sand inlet hole 210. It is easy to understand that the function of connecting the funnel 420 and the sand inlet 210 can be achieved by rotating the rotating ring 410. That is, when it is necessary to inject mud and sand into the connecting pipe 2, the rotating ring 410 is rotated to make the funnel 420 and the sand inlet 210 face each other and cooperate; when it is not necessary to inject mud and sand into the connecting pipe 2, the rotating ring 410 is rotated to make the funnel 420 and the sand inlet 210 not cooperate, which can prevent the fluid inside the connecting pipe 2 from overflowing due to positive pressure when there is no mud and sand in the funnel 420.

[0049] It should be clear that in one embodiment of this application, there are at least two funnels 420, and each funnel 420 is filled with mud and sand. By rotating the rotating ring 410, all the funnels 420 are sequentially matched with the sand inlet hole 210. Based on this stepped sand inlet setting, multiple tests can be conducted without stopping the machine by changing the test parameters.

[0050] It should be clear that in another embodiment of this application, multiple sand inlet holes 210 can be opened, for example, two sand inlet holes 210 can be opened, so that two funnels 420 can be matched with two sand inlet holes 210 respectively. Through different funnels 420, mud and sand particles of different densities or sizes can be added to the connecting pipe 2 at the same time for testing.

[0051] To ensure accurate alignment between the funnel 420 and the sand inlet 210, the sediment injection device 4 also includes a limiting structure. This limiting structure restricts the relative displacement between the rotating ring 410 and the connecting pipe 2 along the axis of the connecting pipe 2. In other words, the main function of the limiting structure is to prevent the rotating ring 410 from sliding along the axis of the connecting pipe 2, which would cause misalignment between the funnel 420 and the sand inlet 210, preventing them from achieving accurate alignment. It is easy to understand that the limiting structure can be any structure capable of achieving the above function. For example, it could consist of two limiting rings 220 on the connecting pipe 2, with an annular groove formed between them. The axis of the annular groove coincides with the axis of the connecting pipe 2, and the annular groove is adapted to the rotating ring 410. It should be clear that, in this embodiment, the matching of the annular groove and the rotating ring 410 means that the annular groove can meet the precision requirements for the funnel 420 and the sand inlet hole 210 to cooperate without affecting the rotation of the rotating ring 410. For example, the width of the annular groove along the axial direction of the connecting pipe 2 is 0.1 mm to 1 mm larger than the width of the rotating ring 410 along the axial direction of the connecting pipe 2.

[0052] It should be clear that, in the embodiments of this application, the limiting ring 220 can be of any shape and structure, for example: the cross-section of the limiting ring 220 is semi-circular, rectangular, square, or similar. Figure 3 As shown in the L-shape, the cross-section of the limiting ring 220 is perpendicular to the radial direction of the limiting ring 220.

[0053] As can be seen from the above, an annular groove is formed between the two limiting rings 220 to restrict the axial movement of the rotating ring 410. It is easy to imagine that in another embodiment of this application, a similar annular groove can be formed on the surface of the connecting pipe 2. In this case, the limiting structure includes: an annular groove provided on the connecting pipe 2, the axis of the annular groove coincides with the axis of the connecting pipe 2, and the annular groove is adapted to the rotating ring 410.

[0054] It should be clear that while the limiting structure allows the funnel 420 and the sand inlet 210 to accurately align along the axial direction of the connecting pipe 2, it cannot ensure an accurate aligning between the funnel 420 and the sand inlet 210 along the circumferential direction of the connecting pipe 2. Therefore, in another embodiment of this application, the sediment injection device 4 further includes a positioning structure to limit the rotation of the rotating ring 410.

[0055] In a specific embodiment of this application, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the positioning structure includes: a first positioning hole 221, second positioning holes 411 corresponding to each funnel 420, and positioning pins 7. The first positioning hole 221 is located on the limiting ring 220, while each of the second positioning holes 411 is located on the rotating ring 410. When the funnel 420 is aligned and engaged with the sand inlet hole 210, the axis of the second positioning hole 411 corresponding to the funnel 420 coincides with the axis of the first positioning hole 221. The positioning pins 7 can then be inserted into the first positioning hole 221 and the second positioning hole 411 to restrict the rotation of the rotating ring 410.

[0056] It should be clear that the orientation of the first positioning hole 221 and the second positioning hole 411 can be varied, for example: Figure 4 As shown, the center lines of the first positioning hole 221 and the second positioning hole 411 can be parallel to the radial direction of the connecting pipe 2; of course, in other embodiments of this application, the center lines of the first positioning hole 221 and the second positioning hole 411 can be parallel to the axial direction of the connecting pipe 2.

[0057] It is easy to imagine that, in another embodiment of this application, when the axis of the first positioning hole 221 and the second positioning hole 411 is parallel to the radial direction of the connecting pipe 2, the first positioning hole 221 can be provided on the connecting pipe 2.

[0058] As can be seen from the above, the second container 5 in this application can be of any shape and structure. However, for the convenience of observing the fluid flow pattern, in a specific embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the second container 5 is a rectangular box-shaped structure, and the two opposite outer sides perpendicular to the length direction of the second container 5 are the first side and the second side, respectively. The second end of the connecting pipe 2 is located on the first side, while the water outlet structure 511 is located on the second side. Thus, the fluid located outside the second container 5 can enter from the first side and flow out from the second side, which is conducive to forming a stable fluid flow state.

[0059] As can be seen from the background art, the sediment particle impact testing equipment in this application embodiment is mainly for simulating how sediment particles move after impact in a fluid. When conducting tests using the sediment particle impact testing equipment in this application embodiment, it is necessary to pre-set an impacted sediment layer 8 (e.g., ...) in the second container 5. Figure 8 or Figure 9As shown in the diagram, fluid needs to be injected into the second container 5 so that the sediment particles can impact each other in the fluid during subsequent processes. To avoid affecting the morphology of the impacted sediment layer 8 when injecting fluid into the second container 5, in a specific embodiment of this application, the sediment particle impact testing device further includes a baffle plate 530. The baffle plate 530 is movably connected to the second container 5 and separates the second container 5 into a water inlet chamber and a test chamber, which are distributed sequentially from top to bottom. The test chamber is used to store the impacted sediment layer 8. During the test, the impacted sediment layer 8 is first placed in the test chamber, then isolated by the baffle plate 530, and fluid is injected into the water inlet chamber. It should be noted that fluid can be injected into the water inlet chamber in any manner, for example, by injecting fluid from the first container 1 into the second container 5 via the driving device 3. Due to the obstruction of the baffle plate 530, the impacted sediment layer 8 will not be impacted when water enters the water inlet chamber. When the water level in the second container 5 reaches the designated position, the baffle plate 530 is pulled out to connect the water inlet chamber and the test chamber.

[0060] In order to enable the sediment particle impact testing equipment to conduct multiple tests continuously, in one embodiment of this application, the second container 5 includes: an upper box 510 and a lower box 520, the lower box 520 and the upper box 510 are detachably connected, a baffle plate 530 is disposed between the upper box 510 and the lower box 520, and the water inlet chamber is located inside the upper box 510 and the test chamber is located inside the lower box 520.

[0061] Specifically, the lower housing 520 and the upper housing 510 can be connected in any detachable manner, for example: Figure 6 and Figure 7 The upper box 510 shown has no bottom wall, while the lower box 520 has no top wall. The lower box 520 and the upper box 510 are connected together by a snap-fit ​​mechanism. In use, simply lift the upper box 510 and snap it onto the upper box 510 to complete the connection. Alternatively, the lower box 520 and the upper box 510 can be designed as a structure similar to a drawer cabinet, with the upper box 510 being a drawer cabinet and the lower box 520 being a drawer. The lower box 520 and the upper box 510 form a push-pull detachable connection.

[0062] It is important to understand that when the lower tank 520 and the upper tank 510 are detachably connected, in order to avoid repeatedly injecting fluid into the water inlet chamber (i.e., the inner cavity of the upper tank 510), a baffle plate 530 can be installed on the upper tank 510. In other words, when replacing the lower tank 520, the bottom of the upper tank 510 is blocked by the baffle plate 530 to prevent the fluid inside from leaking out through its bottom.

[0063] To facilitate users in creating different impacted mud and sand layers 8 using the lower housing 520, the lower housing 520 can be pre-designed into various required shapes, such as: Figure 8 The raised type shown, or as Figure 9 The wave pattern shown.

[0064] In order to create different impact-affected mud and sand layers 8 based on a single lower box 520, such as Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown in a specific embodiment of this application, the sediment particle impact testing device further includes an elastic membrane 521 and a plurality of evenly distributed lifting columns 522. The elastic membrane 521 is disposed within a lower housing 520, dividing the lower housing 520 into non-communicating adjustment chambers and stacking troughs, which are distributed sequentially from top to bottom. Each lifting column 522 can move up and down along the direction of gravity, and the first end of each lifting column 522 contacts the bottom surface of the elastic membrane 521. It should be clear that the magnitude of the contact force formed between the first end of the lifting column 522 and the elastic membrane 521 is related to the vertical height of the first end of the lifting column 522. Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, if the first end of the lifting column 522 is at a relatively high height in the vertical direction, the contact force formed between the first end of the lifting column 522 and the bottom surface of the elastic membrane 521 is relatively large; if the first end of the lifting column 522 is at a relatively low height in the vertical direction, the contact force formed between the first end of the lifting column 522 and the bottom surface of the elastic membrane 521 is relatively small.

[0065] Specifically, the elastic membrane 521 can be any membrane that is elastic and in which fluid cannot penetrate its body, such as rubber membrane, plastic membrane and latex membrane.

[0066] It is important to understand that the lifting column 522 is a column capable of being raised and lowered to lift the elastic membrane 521, allowing the elastic membrane 521 to form various shapes, thereby creating different impact-resistant mud and sand layers 8. Therefore, the lifting column 522 can be any structure capable of being raised and lowered, such as electric push rods and hydraulic rods.

[0067] In one specific embodiment of this application, the lifting column 522 includes a threaded column, which is threadedly connected to the bottom wall of the lower housing 520. When the threaded column rotates in the forward direction, it can rise; when the threaded column rotates in the reverse direction, it can descend. To prevent the threaded column from puncturing the elastic membrane 521, a sphere or disk or similar structure can be provided on the first end of the threaded column, making the contact surface smoother and increasing the contact area between the threaded column and the elastic membrane 521.

[0068] In order to facilitate the replacement of the lower housing 520 during repeated tests, in one embodiment of this application, the bottom of the lower housing 520 is provided with multiple casters 523.

[0069] In order to observe the flow state of the fluid in the second container 5 during the test, in one embodiment of this application, the mud and sand particle impact test device further includes: at least one flow state indicator 512, which is disposed in the second container 5 and is used to display the flow state of the fluid in the second container 5.

[0070] Specifically, the flow indicator 512 can be of any structure. For example, one end of a flexible rope can be fixed to the inner wall of the second container 5. When there is no fluid flow in the second container 5, the flexible rope will hang down naturally under the influence of gravity. When there is fluid flow in the second container 5, the length direction of the flexible rope will be approximately the same as the flow pattern of the fluid. That is to say, when the fluid is laminar, the flexible rope will be in a straight line; otherwise, it will be turbulent.

[0071] In one specific embodiment of this application, the flow indicator 512 includes a semi-permeable membrane tube disposed in the second container 5. The length direction of the semi-permeable membrane tube is parallel to the flow direction of the fluid in the second container 5. A colored pigment, such as red or blue pigment, is placed in the semi-permeable membrane tube. In use, if the pigment inside the semi-permeable membrane tube forms a straight line, it indicates that the fluid is laminar; otherwise, it is turbulent.

[0072] Specifically, a semi-permeable membrane tube refers to a tube through which fluids can pass but pigments cannot. Since semi-permeable membranes are existing technology, we will not go into too much detail about them.

[0073] It should be understood that, in the embodiments of this application, the experimental phenomena after the impact of sediment particles can be observed with the naked eye, and the movement position of the particles after impact can be measured manually. In order to enable the test results to be repeatedly displayed and observed, in one specific embodiment of this application, the sediment particle impact test equipment further includes: at least one video recording device 6, which is used to record the test phenomena.

[0074] Specifically, the video recording device 6 can be any device in the prior art capable of recording video or taking pictures, including but not limited to cameras, video recorders, camcorders, video cameras, and mobile phones.

[0075] In one specific embodiment of this application, the sediment particle impact testing device has two video recording devices 6, and the second container 5 is completely transparent. One video recording device 6 is used to capture the side view of the second container 5, and the other video recording device 6 is used to capture the front view of the second container 5. The side view of the second container 5 refers to the surface parallel to the fluid flow direction, and the front view of the second container 5 refers to the surface perpendicular to the fluid flow direction. This configuration allows for the acquisition of photos or videos of sediment particles in two dimensions (i.e., directions), providing a three-dimensional representation of the motion of the sediment particles after impact, making research more convenient.

[0076] The aforementioned mud and sand particle impact test equipment enables mud and sand particles to impact within the fluid in the second container 5. The second container 5, with its transparent surface, facilitates observation and recording of test results, and helps relevant personnel to explore the mechanical mechanisms of mud and sand particles impacting in the fluid.

[0077] Having introduced the sediment particle impact testing equipment in the embodiments of this application, the sediment particle impact testing method in the embodiments of this application is described below. The method includes:

[0078] Step S100: The fluid in the first container 1 is transported to the second container 5 through the drive device 3 and the connecting pipe 2;

[0079] Step S200: Inject mud and sand into the connecting pipe 2 through the mud and sand injection device 4; so that the mud and sand can impact the impacted mud and sand layer 8 in the second container 5 along with the fluid inside the connecting pipe 2; the impacted mud and sand layer 8 is pre-set in the second container 5.

[0080] Step S300: Observe and record the movement trajectory of each sediment particle.

[0081] It should be clear that in this embodiment, steps S100 and S200 are only used to distinguish between the two steps and do not represent the order of operation of the two steps. In some embodiments, the mud and sand can be injected into the connecting pipe 2 first through the mud and sand injection device 4, and then the fluid in the first container 1 can be transported to the second container 5 by the driving device 3 to form an impact. In other embodiments, the fluid in the first container 1 can be transported to the second container 5 by the driving device 3 while the mud and sand injection device 4 injects mud and sand into the connecting pipe 2. No further examples will be given here.

[0082] In another embodiment of this application, sediment is injected into the connecting pipe 2 via a sediment injection device 4, including: dyeing the sediment in the sediment injection device 4 to distinguish the sediment particles in the sediment injection device 4 from the sediment particles in the impacted sediment layer 8. Dyeing the sediment can clearly show the trajectory of the impacting sediment particles, which is beneficial for subsequent research.

[0083] Specifically, the operation steps for conducting a sediment particle impact test using the sediment particle impact testing equipment based on the embodiments of this application are as follows:

[0084] First, prepare multiple lower chambers 520 and create an impact-resistant mud and sand layer 8 in the lower chambers 520; insert the baffle plate 530 into the upper chamber 510; move the lower chamber 520 to be tested directly below the baffle plate 530 using casters 523, and then connect the upper chamber 510 and the lower chamber 520 into a whole.

[0085] Then, water is poured into the first container 1. Since the first container 1 and the second container 5 are connected by the connecting pipe 2, when the first container 1 reaches a certain water level, the second container 5 also reaches the same water level. The baffle plate 530 in the second container 5 is pulled outward so that the water in the upper tank 510 comes into contact with the water in the lower tank 520. After that, the drive device 3 is turned on, and the water flows from the first container 1 to the second container 5 because of the drive device 3.

[0086] Next, the recording device 6 is turned on, and pre-dyed sand particles are placed in the funnels 420 of the sand injection device 4. The sand particles in different funnels 420 can be of different colors. By rotating the rotating ring 410, the sand inlet 210 on the connecting pipe 2 is aligned with one of the funnels 420. The sand particles will then enter the connecting pipe 2 along the funnel 420 and the sand inlet 210. Due to the continuously flowing fluid in the connecting pipe 2, the sand particles will also flow into the second container 5, where they will collide with the sand particles in the impact-affected sand layer 8 arranged in the lower box 520. This entire process will be recorded by the recording device 6. After one test is completed, the rotating ring 410 can be rotated again to allow the sand from the remaining funnels 420 to enter the connecting pipe 2, and the test can be repeated multiple times.

[0087] During the experiment, after the flow rate stabilized, red ink was injected into the semi-permeable membrane tube through a syringe, and the appearance of the red ink was observed to determine the flow state of the fluid.

[0088] Using the video recording device 6 at two angles, users can explore the motion of sediment particles after impact under various conditions based on the captured footage. For example: What are the trajectories of sediment particles of different sizes moving in a fluid with the same velocity? Which positioned sediment particles will they collide with? What are the trajectories of the sediment particles after the impact? Does the impact of sediment particles conform to the momentum theorem? Based on the captured photos or videos, what are the physical quantities of each sediment particle?

[0089] The above-mentioned mud and sand particle impact test method enables mud and sand particles to impact within the fluid in the second container 5. The second container 5, with its transparent surface, facilitates observation and recording of test results, and helps relevant personnel to explore the mechanical mechanisms of mud and sand particles impacting in the fluid.

[0090] It should be understood that, in the several embodiments provided in this application, the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, some of the components can be directly replaced by existing technology parts with the same function.

[0091] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0092] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A mud and sand particle impact testing device, characterized in that, include: The first container (1) is used to store fluid; The second container (5) has at least one transparent surface, which is used to observe the experimental phenomena; A connecting pipe (2) is provided, the first end of which is connected to the first container (1), and the second end of which is connected to the second container (5). The driving device (3) is used at least to transport fluid located in the connecting pipe (2) from the first end of the connecting pipe (2) to the second end; A mud and sand injection device (4) is used to add mud and sand into the interior of the connecting pipe (2); The baffle plate (530) is movably connected to the second container (5) and divides the interior of the second container (5) into a water inlet chamber and a test chamber, which are distributed from top to bottom, and the test chamber is used to store the impacted mud and sand layer (8). The sediment injection device (4) includes: A sand inlet (210) is provided on the connecting pipe (2); A rotating ring (410) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the connecting pipe (2), and the rotating ring (410) is capable of self-rotation. The rotation axis of the rotating ring (410) coincides with the axis of the connecting pipe (2). At least one funnel (420) is provided on the rotating ring (410). When the funnel (420) is opposite to and engaged with the sand inlet (210), the funnel (420) is connected to the connecting pipe (2) through the sand inlet (210). The sediment injection device (4) also includes a limiting structure for limiting the relative displacement between the rotating ring (410) and the connecting pipe (2), wherein the direction of the relative displacement is parallel to the axis of the connecting pipe (2).

2. The sediment particle impact testing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting structure includes: an annular groove provided on the connecting pipe (2), the axis of the annular groove coincides with the axis of the connecting pipe (2), and the annular groove is adapted to the rotating ring (410); Alternatively, two limiting rings (220) are provided on the connecting pipe (2), and an annular groove is formed between the two limiting rings (220). The axis of the annular groove coincides with the axis of the connecting pipe (2), and the annular groove is adapted to the rotating ring (410).

3. The sediment particle impact testing equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sediment injection device (4) also includes a positioning structure for limiting the rotation of the rotating ring (410).

4. The sediment particle impact testing equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The positioning structure includes: The first positioning hole (221) is provided on the connecting pipe (2) or the limiting ring (220). The second positioning hole (411) is provided on the rotating ring (410) and corresponds one-to-one with each funnel (420). When the funnel (420) is opposite to and engaged with the sand inlet hole (210), the axis of the second positioning hole (411) corresponding to the funnel (420) coincides with the axis of the first positioning hole (221). The positioning pin (7) is adapted to each of the second positioning holes (411) and to the first positioning hole (221).

5. The sediment particle impact testing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second container (5) includes an upper box (510) and a lower box (520), the lower box (520) and the upper box (510) being detachably connected, the barrier plate (530) being disposed between the upper box (510) and the lower box (520), and the water inlet chamber being located inside the upper box (510) and the test chamber being located inside the lower box (520).

6. The sediment particle impact testing equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: An elastic membrane (521) is disposed inside the lower housing (520) to separate the lower housing (520) into an adjustment cavity and a stacking trough that are not connected to each other. The stacking trough and the adjustment cavity are distributed sequentially from top to bottom. Multiple evenly distributed lifting columns (522) are provided, each of which can be raised and lowered along the direction of gravity, and the first end of each lifting column (522) is in contact with the bottom surface of the elastic membrane (521).

7. The sediment particle impact testing equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bottom of the lower housing (520) is provided with multiple casters (523).

8. The sediment particle impact testing equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The first container (1) is provided with a water inlet structure (110), which is used for fluid located outside the first container (1) to enter the first container (1); the second container (5) is provided with a water outlet structure (511), which is used for fluid located inside the second container (5) to flow out of the second container (5).

9. The sediment particle impact testing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Also includes: At least one flow indicator (512) is disposed inside the second container (5) for displaying the flow state of the fluid inside the second container (5).

10. The sediment particle impact testing equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Also includes: At least one video recording device (6) is used to record the experimental phenomena.

11. A method for testing the impaction of sediment particles, characterized in that, The method, applied to the sediment particle impact testing equipment as described in any one of claims 1 to 10, comprises: The fluid in the first container (1) is transported to the second container (5) by the drive device (3) and the connecting pipe (2); The mud and sand are injected into the connecting pipe (2) through the mud and sand injection device (4) so ​​that the mud and sand can impact the impacted mud and sand layer (8) in the second container (5) along with the fluid inside the connecting pipe (2); the impacted mud and sand layer (8) is pre-set in the second container (5); Observe and record the movement trajectory of each sediment particle.

12. The method for testing the impaction of sediment particles according to claim 11, characterized in that, The process of injecting mud and sand into the connecting pipe (2) through the mud and sand injection device (4) includes: dyeing the mud and sand in the mud and sand injection device (4) to distinguish the mud and sand particles in the mud and sand injection device (4) from the mud and sand particles in the impacted mud and sand layer (8).

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