A method for constructing a color electrode of a semi-transparent solar cell based on coupling effect

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on coupling effect's translucent solar cell color electrode construction method, including based on coupling resonator model design color transparent electrode, the coupling strength of two resonant cavities is controlled by design structure size, visible light characteristics are regulated;With translucent photovoltaic cell, the energy conversion efficiency and average visible transmittance of color transparent photovoltaic cell system are calculated;Based on a variety of micro-nano processing method, complete translucent solar cell color transparent electrode processing;The completed translucent color transparent electrode is tested, and translucent color transparent electrode is obtained.The regulation based on coupling effect provides more fine and accurate regulation ability for the solar wave band spectrum of translucent solar cell, solves the problem that application space is limited due to single color and poor transparency of existing translucent solar cell, so that translucent solar cell can maintain high energy conversion efficiency while presenting more distinct color.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of spectral selectivity micro-nano structure, and particularly relates to a method for constructing a semi-transparent solar cell color electrode based on coupling effect. BACKGROUND

[0002] As an important renewable clean energy, the development and utilization of solar energy has always been the focus of academia and industry. As a kind of energy device that can generate electricity by photovoltaic effect, semi-transparent solar cell has become an important component of intelligent glass in environmental protection building and photovoltaic building integration due to its advantages of light transmission, low cost, simple preparation process and many others, and therefore has broad development and application prospects and has been widely concerned by academia and industry. Semi-transparent solar cell is mainly composed of five parts: semi-transparent electrode, electron transport layer, cell light absorption layer, hole transport layer and back electrode. Among them, the semi-transparent electrode with wavelength scale nano structure not only provides good conductivity for the solar cell, but also affects the color and visible light transmittance of the semi-transparent solar cell, thus having a crucial influence on the performance of the solar cell.

[0003] However, due to the performance requirements of photoelectric conversion efficiency, most of the current solar cells based on ordinary semi-transparent electrodes (ITO, thin layer metal, etc.) are black, gray, brown and other specific colors, and the monotony of the color greatly limits its application space. Since the optical properties of the transparent electrode have a crucial influence on the optical performance of the semi-transparent solar cell, in recent years, many researchers have designed micro-nano structures of the transparent electrode to color the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell. The structures studied, such as MDM three-layer electrode, can make the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell show a more obvious color. However, the optical resonance modes excited by the photonic structures of these existing color electrodes almost all have the problems of low regulation freedom and single performance-structure correlation, which cannot provide more accurate and fine regulation for the spectral characteristics of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell. Therefore, the comprehensive performance (including energy conversion efficiency, color and light transmittance) of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is still limited. SUMMARY

[0004] This section is intended to summarize some aspects of the embodiments of the present application and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the abstract and title of the specification to avoid obscuring the purpose of this section, abstract and title, and such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the present application.

[0005] In view of the above and / or existing problems in the method for constructing a semi-transparent solar cell color electrode based on coupling effect, the present application is proposed.

[0006] Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present application is how to provide more accurate and fine regulation of the solar spectrum characteristics of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical solutions: a semi-transparent solar cell color electrode construction method based on coupling effect, which comprises the following steps: designing a color transparent electrode based on a coupling harmonic oscillator model, controlling the coupling strength of two resonance cavities by designing the structure size, and regulating the visible light characteristics; combining a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, calculating the energy conversion efficiency and average visible transmittance of the color transparent photovoltaic cell system; completing the processing of the semi-transparent solar cell color transparent electrode based on various micro-nano processing methods; and testing the semi-transparent color transparent electrode to obtain the semi-transparent color transparent electrode.

[0008] As a preferred solution of the semi-transparent solar cell color electrode construction method based on coupling effect, the step of designing a color transparent electrode based on a coupling harmonic oscillator model, controlling the coupling strength of two resonance cavities by designing the structure size, and regulating the visible light characteristics comprises the following steps: realizing phase matching based on the resonance of a nano microcavity; selecting appropriate independent microcavities for stacking according to the target spectrum requirement, and using a coupling coefficient matrix to obtain the coupling coefficient g of the two resonance modes in the stacked structure under the corresponding size parameters, with the specific formula being:

[0009]

[0010] wherein ω1 and ω2 are the intrinsic resonance frequencies of the independent microcavities, Γ1 and Γ2 are the loss rates of the independent microcavities, f1 and f2 are the force sizes of the coupling system under the driving of the incident light, and x1 and x2 are the amplitude sizes of the equivalent coupling harmonic oscillator system under the external force;

[0011] The spectral transmittance of the semi-transparent solar cell color transparent electrode is calculated by the transfer matrix method; and the average visible transmittance of the semi-transparent solar cell color transparent electrode is calculated, with the specific formula being:

[0012]

[0013] wherein V(λ) is the human eye visibility function, I AM1.5G (λ) is the spectral energy distribution of sunlight, and T(λ) is the transmittance of the composite film in the 0.36-0.83 μm wavelength band.

[0014] According to the spectral transmittance, the color, color coordinates and saturation of the semi-transparent solar cell color transparent electrode are calculated by the CIE 1931 color coordinate system, the CIEXYZ color space and the CIE color space.

[0015] As a preferred scheme of the color electrode construction method of the semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect, wherein: in combination with the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, the steps of calculating the energy conversion efficiency and the average visible transmittance of the color transparent photovoltaic cell system include the following steps: selecting the cell size parameters, calculating the spectral transmittance and spectral absorption of the cell by the transfer matrix method; calculating the exciton generation rate in the cell layer according to the spectral absorption and the electric field distribution, and calculating the short-circuit current density of the color semi-transparent photovoltaic cell by using the exciton generation rate; in combination with the corresponding open-circuit voltage and the fill factor, the energy conversion efficiency of the semi-transparent color photovoltaic cell is calculated; according to the spectral transmittance, the average visible transmittance of the semi-transparent color photovoltaic cell is calculated; according to the spectral transmittance, the color, color coordinates and saturation of the semi-transparent color solar cell are calculated by the CIE 1931 color coordinate system, the CIE XYZ chromaticity space and the CIE chromaticity space.

[0016] As a preferred scheme of the color electrode construction method of the semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect, wherein: based on a plurality of micro-nano processing methods, the steps of processing the color transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell include: using multi-target magnetron sputtering technology or electron beam evaporation technology to process the metal layer and the dielectric cavity layer of the MDM in the color transparent electrode; using electron beam evaporation technology, atomic layer deposition technology and multi-target magnetron sputtering technology to process the high refractive index dielectric material in the two-period double dielectric alternating structure of the color transparent electrode; using electron beam evaporation technology, multi-target magnetron sputtering technology, chemical vapor deposition technology and inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition technology to process the low refractive index dielectric material in the two-period double dielectric alternating structure of the color transparent electrode.

[0017] As a preferred scheme of the color electrode construction method of the semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect, wherein: the completed semi-transparent color transparent electrode is tested, and the steps of obtaining the semi-transparent color transparent electrode include: using ultraviolet spectrophotometer, visible spectrophotometer and near-infrared spectrophotometer measurement methods to test the transmittance spectrum of the semi-transparent solar cell color transparent electrode; using the four-point probe method to test the sheet resistance of the semi-transparent solar cell color transparent electrode.

[0018] As a preferred scheme of the color electrode construction method of the semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect, wherein: when the average visible transmittance AVT of the semi-transparent solar cell color transparent electrode is greater than 25%, the transmission color will cover 99.9% of the area of the sRGB region in the CIE 1931 chromaticity space.

[0019] As a preferred scheme of the method for constructing the color electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect, the coupling coefficient g of the two resonance modes directly regulates the number of resonance absorption peaks, the resonance line width and the splitting degree of the two resonance peaks of the color transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell.

[0020] As a preferred scheme of the method for constructing the color electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect, the resonance based on the nano microcavity realizes the phase matching condition, which includes the intrinsic resonance frequency and the resonance peak line width of the two components of the coupling nano microcavity, i.e., the MDM structure and the two-period double dielectric alternating structure.

[0021] As a preferred scheme of the method for constructing the color electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect, the intrinsic resonance frequency and the resonance peak line width are respectively determined by the dielectric cavity layer thickness and the metal layer thickness in the independent nano microcavity.

[0022] As a preferred scheme of the method for constructing the color electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect, the two-period double dielectric alternating structure has four layers, and the double-layer structure in one period is composed of two dielectric thin films with different refractive indexes which are alternately stacked.

[0023] The semi-transparent solar cell color transparent electrode based on the coupling effect regulates the interaction between the two internal optical modes, and the number, position and interval of the optical resonance peaks of the multilayer electrode for color formation and transmittance in the visible spectrum, i.e., the number of eigenvalues of the coupling equation, the size of the solution and the difference between the eigenvalues, are realized by changing the optical properties of the hybrid mode under the coupling effect, so as to realize more flexible and accurate regulation of the spectrum in the visible light band; compared with the commonly used color multilayer electrode, the color multilayer electrode based on the coupling effect in the application has greater regulation freedom and stronger designability; the processing and preparation of the semi-transparent solar cell color transparent electrode in the application can be based on the conventional film plating technology, and the overall structure can be processed by using the multi-target magnetron sputtering or electron beam evaporation, which reduces the preparation and processing cost and is expected to realize large-scale preparation; compared with other commonly used color transparent electrodes, the semi-transparent solar cell color transparent electrode in the application has the largest color range and the best color forming effect under the same performance parameter limitation, and better balances the intrinsic contradiction between the conversion efficiency of the semi-transparent color photovoltaic cell and the conductivity of the electrode and the color and transparency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only constitute some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort, and therefore the present application is not limited to the following disclosed specific embodiments.

[0025] Figure 1 Structure schematic diagram of the color transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect regulation in Example 1.

[0026] Figure 2 Color gamut of the color transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect regulation in Example 1 when applied to the organic photovoltaic cell.

[0027] Figure 3 Structure schematic diagram of the color transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect regulation in Example 1 when applied to the organic photovoltaic cell.

[0028] Figure 4 Comparison diagram of the measured visible light transmission spectrum and color coordinates of the color transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect regulation in Example 1 and the theoretical simulation.

[0029] Figure 5 Comparison diagram of the coloring ability of the color transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect regulation in Example 2 and other commonly used color transparent electrodes on the organic photovoltaic cell.

[0030] Figure 6 Color spectrum diagram of the color transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect regulation in Example 2 when applied to the organic photovoltaic cell. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more apparent and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail in combination with the drawings of the specification.

[0032] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the concept of the present application, therefore the present application is not limited to the following disclosed specific embodiments.

[0033] Second, the "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" referred to herein means a particular feature, structure, or characteristic including an implementation that can be included in at least one implementation of the application. The appearances of "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are they necessarily all referring to a single, alternative embodiment, or a single implementation.

[0034] Embodiment 1

[0035] With reference to Figures 1-4 For the first embodiment of the application, the embodiment provides a method for constructing a color electrode of a semi-transparent solar cell based on coupling effect, comprising:

[0036] S1: Designing a color transparent electrode based on a coupled resonator model, controlling the coupling strength of two resonant cavities by designing the relevant structure size, realizing the regulation of visible spectral characteristics, and presenting a specific color.

[0037] Further, the formula for realizing the phase matching condition based on the resonance of nanocavities is:

[0038]

[0039] wherein, is the total phase change in the resonant cavity, is the transmission phase change in the dielectric microcavity, is the reflection phase change on the mirror structure on both sides.

[0040] Specifically, the two components constituting the coupled nanocavity are designed as: the intrinsic resonance frequency and the resonance peak line width of the MDM structure and the two-period double dielectric alternating structure-metal structure, and the two parameters depend on the dielectric cavity layer thickness and the metal layer thickness in the independent nanocavity, respectively.

[0041] Specifically, the color transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell is composed of two stacked nanocavities, which are two-period double dielectric alternating structure and metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) structure from top to bottom; the two stacked nanocavities can respectively excite optical resonance modes and produce coupling effect, and the combined structure is called coupled nanocavity.

[0042] Specifically, the substrate is ordinary glass, and the thickness of the multilayer electrode ranges from 220 to 650 nm; among them, the two-period double dielectric alternating structure has a total of 4 layers, and the double-layer structure in one period is composed of two dielectric thin films with different refractive indexes stacked alternately.

[0043] Preferably, the low refractive index material is one of SiO2, MgF2, CaF2, BaF2, and the thickness range is 50-100 nm; the high refractive index material is one of TiO2, HfO2, SiC, ZrO2, and the thickness range is 20-80 nm. Among them, the preferred metal material in the MDM structure is one or several of Ag, Al, Ag:Au, Al:Ag, Cu:Ag, etc., and the thickness range is 15-50 nm; the preferred dielectric material is one or several of ITO, AZO, TiO2, HfO2, TeO2, Sb2O3, WO3, etc., and the thickness range is 50-150 nm; the MDM structure needs to provide good conductivity for the electrode.

[0044] Further, according to the target spectral requirements, the coupling coefficient g of the two resonance modes in the stacked structure under the corresponding size parameters is obtained by using the coupling coefficient matrix, and the specific formula is:

[0045]

[0046] Where ω1 and ω2 are the intrinsic resonance frequencies of the independent microcavities, Γ1 and Γ2 are the loss rates of the independent microcavities, f1 and f2 are the force sizes of the coupling system under the driving of the incident light, and x1 and x2 are the amplitude sizes of the equivalent coupling resonator system under the external force.

[0047] Further, the coupling coefficient g of the two resonance modes directly regulates the number of resonance absorption peaks (corresponding to the number of equation solutions) of the colored transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell, the resonance line width, and the splitting degree of the two resonance peaks (corresponding to the solution size and the difference between the two sets of solutions) of the equation, so that the line type of the transmission spectrum can be well regulated by using the structure parameter design.

[0048] Further, the spectral transmittance of the colored transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell is calculated by the transfer matrix method.

[0049] Further, the average visible transmittance (AVT) of the colored transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell is calculated, and the specific formula is as follows:

[0050]

[0051] Where V(λ) is the human eye visibility function, I AM1.5G (λ) is the spectral energy distribution of sunlight, and T(λ) is the transmittance of the composite film in the 0.36-0.83 μm wavelength range.

[0052] Further, according to the spectral transmittance, the color, color coordinates, and saturation of the colored transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell are calculated by the CIE 1931 color coordinate system, the CIEXYZ color space, and the CIE color space.

[0053] Specifically, the color transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect regulation meets the application condition of the AVT>25% of the viewing window, and the color gamut of the transmitted color is calculated, wherein the spectral transmittance of the visible light band is directly calculated by the transfer matrix method (TMM), and the color coordinates in the CIE 1931 chromaticity space are calculated based on the spectral transmittance of the structure.

[0054] The color coordinates (x, y) and the color brightness Y in the CIE 1931 chromaticity space can be obtained according to the formula, and the specific formula is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] Wherein, T(λ) is the transmittance of the composite coating in the wavelength range of 0.36-0.83 μm, D65(λ) is the spectral energy distribution of D65 artificial daylight source, and represents the color matching function of CIE 1931 chromaticity space, k is the normalization coefficient, is the X-axis color matching function of CIE1931 color coordinate system.

[0057]

[0058] Wherein, is the Y-axis color matching function of CIE1931 color coordinate system.

[0059]

[0060] Wherein, is the Z-axis color matching function of CIE1931 color coordinate system.

[0061]

[0062] Wherein, x is the x-coordinate of the color coordinates in the CIE 1931 chromaticity space.

[0063]

[0064] Wherein, y is the y-coordinate of the color coordinates in the CIE 1931 chromaticity space.

[0065] S2: In combination with the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, the energy conversion efficiency (PCE) and the average visible transmittance (AVT) of the color transparent photovoltaic cell system are calculated.

[0066] Further, the calculation of the energy conversion efficiency and the average visible transmittance of the color transparent photovoltaic cell system includes the following steps:

[0067] S2.1: Select the cell size parameters, and calculate the spectral transmittance and spectral absorbance of the cell by the transfer matrix method.

[0068] S2.2: Calculate the exciton generation rate in the battery layer according to the spectral absorption rate and the electric field distribution, the specific formula is as follows

[0069]

[0070] Wherein, Q PM6 : Y6 (x, λ) is the energy dissipation rate in the unit volume of PM6: Y6, B = (1 - R*(λ)) / n g (1 - R(λ)R*(λ)), wherein R*(λ) is the spectral reflectivity of the glass substrate, R(λ) is the spectral reflectivity of the multilayer spectral battery when the glass is the incident medium. h is the Planck constant, c is the speed of light, η is the photon / exciton conversion efficiency, which is assumed to be 1 here, I AM1.5G (λ) is the spectral energy distribution of sunlight, n PM6 : Y6 (λ), k PM6 : Y6 (λ) is the real part and imaginary part of the refractive index of PM6: Y6 material, E PM6 : Y6 (x, λ) is the electric field intensity in PM6: Y6 at the corresponding wavelength, E0(λ) is the electric field intensity in free space at the corresponding wavelength, G(x, λ) is the exciton generation rate in the battery layer.

[0071] Further, the short-circuit current density of the color semi-transparent photovoltaic battery is calculated using the parameter, and the specific formula is as follows:

[0072] J sc-theo = e∫∫G(x, λ)dλdx

[0073] Wherein, G(x, λ) is the exciton generation rate in the battery layer, and e is the elementary charge.

[0074] The short-circuit current density is combined with the corresponding open-circuit voltage and fill factor to calculate the energy conversion efficiency (PCE) of the semi-transparent color photovoltaic battery.

[0075] S2.3: Calculate the average visible transmittance of the semi-transparent color photovoltaic battery according to the spectral transmittance, and the specific formula is as follows:

[0076]

[0077] Wherein, V(λ) is the human eye visibility function, I AM1.5G (λ) is the spectral energy distribution of sunlight, and T(λ) is the transmittance of the composite film in the wavelength range of 0.36-0.83 μm.

[0078] S2.4: According to the spectral transmittance, the color, color coordinates and saturation of the semi-transparent color solar cell are calculated by the CIE 1931 color coordinate system, CIE XYZ chromaticity space and CIE chromaticity space.

[0079] S3: Based on a plurality of micro-nano processing methods, a one-dimensional multilayer electrode is prepared, and the color transparent electrode processing of the semi-transparent solar cell is completed.

[0080] Further, the multi-target magnetron sputtering technology or electron beam evaporation technology is used to process the metal layer in the color transparent electrode and the dielectric cavity layer of the MDM.

[0081] Further, the electron beam evaporation technology, atomic layer deposition technology and multi-target magnetron sputtering technology are used to process the high refractive index dielectric material in the two-period double dielectric alternating structure of the color transparent electrode.

[0082] Further, the electron beam evaporation technology, multi-target magnetron sputtering technology chemical vapor deposition technology and inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition technology are used to process the low refractive index dielectric material in the two-period double dielectric alternating structure of the color transparent electrode.

[0083] Specifically, during processing, the Denton multi-target magnetron sputtering coating system is used for sputtering deposition for the multi-target magnetron sputtering technology, and the Denton multi-target magnetron sputtering coating system can sputter and deposit Ag, Al, Ag:Au, Al:Ag, Cu:Ag, ITO, AZO and related composite films.

[0084] Further, the specific preparation principle is that the magnetron sputtering process occurs in a vacuum coating chamber, the vacuum chamber is connected to a sputtering gas, generally argon (Ar), a sufficient voltage is applied to the cathode target material, a glow discharge and plasma are generated, and the charged particles move under the action of the Lorentz force; the sputtering gas Ar is ionized to produce Ar positive ions (Ar+) and electrons (e), Ar+ accelerates under the action of the electric field and flies to the cathode target material, and hits the target material surface with high energy, sputters the target material atoms, and finally deposits a thin film on the substrate; for the electron beam evaporation technology, the Denton electron beam evaporation coating system is used; the Denton electron beam evaporation coating system can evaporate and deposit Au, Pt, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Ag, V, Ti, W, ITO and other films.

[0085] Specifically, the preparation principle is that the material is evaporated by an electron beam under vacuum, and the evaporated material is transported to the substrate to form a thin film.

[0086] Further, for the chemical vapor deposition technology or inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition technology, Oxford plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system and Oxford inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition equipment are used to realize deposition of low refractive index material SiO2.

[0087] Specifically, the preparation principle is as follows: the PECVD technology is to generate glow discharge on a cathode of a process cavity (i.e. a tray where a sample is placed) by using a low-temperature plasma under low pressure, to heat the sample to a predetermined temperature by using the glow discharge (or another heating body), and then to introduce appropriate process gas. These gases are subjected to a series of chemical reactions and plasma reactions, and finally form a solid thin film on the surface of the sample.

[0088] The ICPCVD technology is to form a plasma at a lower temperature (< 150℃) by using inductive coupling to grow a chemical vapor deposition thin film.

[0089] S4: Test the completed semi-transparent color transparent electrode to obtain the semi-transparent color transparent electrode.

[0090] Further, the transmittance spectrum of the semi-transparent solar cell color transparent electrode is tested by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, a visible spectrophotometer and a near-infrared spectrophotometer.

[0091] Specifically, it can be found that the visible light band transmittance of the color transparent electrode sample prepared by using the multi-target magnetron sputtering technology, the atomic layer deposition technology and the chemical vapor deposition technology is almost the same as the theoretical calculation spectrum of the multi-layer film composite structure at each wave band, which can meet our design requirements.

[0092] At the same time, the multi-layer electrode presents a transmission color coordinate of (0.396, 0.488), and the color and color coordinate of the sample are almost the same as the theoretical design. In addition, the experimental measurement AVT of the color transparent electrode can be as high as 50.3%.

[0093] Further, the sheet resistance of the semi-transparent solar cell color transparent electrode is tested by using a four-point probe method.

[0094] Specifically, the sheet resistance of the semi-transparent solar cell color transparent electrode is tested by using a four-point probe method. The test results show that the sheet resistance is ~ 1.25, which has good conductivity and can meet the conductivity requirements (sheet resistance < 20) of the electrode application in the photovoltaic cell field.

[0095] Example 2

[0096] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6For the second embodiment of the present application, based on the first embodiment, a comparative illustration with the conventional scheme is provided to verify the beneficial effects.

[0097] As Figure 5 shown in the comparison chart of the color transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect regulation and other commonly used color transparent electrodes on the coloring ability of the organic photovoltaic cell, the conditions of the window application (AVT>25%) and the limitation of the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE>14%) are demonstrated.

[0098] Further, the comparison of the color transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect regulation and other commonly used color transparent electrodes on the coloring ability of the organic photovoltaic cell, whether in the conditions of the window application (AVT>25%) or in the limitation of the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE>14%), the color transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect regulation covers a larger color gamut than other commonly used color transparent electrodes, such as metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) and metal-one-dimensional photonic crystal (metal-DBR), indicating that the color transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect regulation can not only present more colors, but also achieve higher color saturation and better color forming effect under the same evaluation index.

[0099] Specifically, under the limitation of the conditions of the window application (AVT>25%), the structural color that can be presented by the color transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect regulation can cover 39.4% of the sRGB area in the CIE 1931 chromaticity space, while the commonly used MDM electrode and Ag-qDBR electrode can only cover 3.6% and 7.3% of the sRGB area, and Ag-DBR has only two structures that can achieve AVT>25% and thus cannot form a closed curve to calculate the color gamut area.

[0100] Specifically, under the limitation of the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE>14%), the structural color that can be presented by the color transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect regulation can cover 160.7% of the sRGB area in the CIE 1931 chromaticity space, which is higher than all commonly used metal electrodes (MDM: 156.2%, Ag-DBR: 34.3%, Ag-qDBR: 21.4%).

[0101] Further, on this basis, there are 38 structures that can satisfy the light utilization efficiency (LUE)>4%, which is much more than other commonly used color transparent electrodes (MDM: 3, Ag-qDBR: 2, Ag-DBR: 0).

[0102] As Figure 6As shown, the color spectrum of the color transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect regulation can be realized when applied to the organic photovoltaic cell.

[0103] Further, the color spectrum of the color transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect regulation can be realized when applied to the organic photovoltaic cell, and 944 color transparent electrodes with different geometric parameters can present 1926 different transmission structural colors.

[0104] It should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not limiting. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application, which should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a color electrode of a semi-transparent solar cell based on coupling effect, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: A color transparent electrode is designed based on a coupled harmonic oscillator model, the coupling strength of two resonance cavities is controlled by designing structural sizes, and visible light characteristics are regulated; Resonance based on a nano microcavity realizes phase matching; According to target spectrum requirements, a suitable independent microcavity is selected for stacking, a coupling coefficient g of two resonance modes in the stacked structure is obtained under corresponding size parameters by using a coupling coefficient matrix, and a specific formula is as follows: Wherein, ω1 and ω2 are intrinsic resonance frequencies of the independent microcavity, Γ1 and Γ2 are loss rates of the independent microcavity, f1 and f2 are force sizes of the coupling system under the driving of incident light, and x1 and x2 are amplitude sizes of the equivalent coupling harmonic oscillator system under the action of external force; Spectral transmittance of the color transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell is calculated by using a transfer matrix method; Average visible transmittance of the color transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell is calculated, and a specific formula is as follows: Wherein, V(λ) is the human eye visibility function, I AM1.5G (λ) is the spectral energy distribution of sunlight, T(λ) is the transmittance of the composite film in the 0.36-0.83 μm wavelength range; According to the spectral transmittance, color, color coordinates and saturation of the color transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell are calculated by using a CIE 1931 color coordinate system, a CIEXYZ chromaticity space and a CIE chromaticity space Energy conversion efficiency and average visible transmittance of the color transparent photovoltaic cell system are calculated in combination with the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell. The color transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell is processed based on multiple micro-nano processing methods. The completed semi-transparent color transparent electrode is tested to obtain the semi-transparent color transparent electrode.

2. The method of constructing a color electrode for a semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy conversion efficiency and average visible transmittance of the color transparent photovoltaic cell system are calculated in combination with the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, and the steps comprise the following steps: Spectral transmittance and spectral absorptance of the cell are calculated by using a transfer matrix method according to selected cell size parameters; Exciton generation rate in the cell layer is calculated according to the spectral absorptance and electric field distribution, short-circuit current density of the color semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is calculated by using the exciton generation rate, and energy conversion efficiency of the semi-transparent color photovoltaic cell is calculated in combination with corresponding open-circuit voltage and fill factor; Average visible transmittance of the semi-transparent color photovoltaic cell is calculated according to the spectral transmittance; Color, color coordinates and saturation of the semi-transparent color solar cell are calculated according to the spectral transmittance by using a CIE 1931 color coordinate system, a CIEXYZ chromaticity space and a CIE chromaticity space.

3. The method of constructing a color electrode for a semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of processing the color transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell based on multiple micro-nano processing methods are as follows: Metal layers and dielectric cavity layers of the MDM in the color transparent electrode are processed by using a multi-target magnetron sputtering technology or an electron beam evaporation technology; High-refractive-index dielectric materials in the two-period double dielectric alternating structure of the color transparent electrode are processed by using an electron beam evaporation technology, an atomic layer deposition technology and a multi-target magnetron sputtering technology; Low-refractive-index dielectric materials in the two-period double dielectric alternating structure of the color transparent electrode are processed by using an electron beam evaporation technology, a multi-target magnetron sputtering technology, a chemical vapor deposition technology and an inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition technology.

4. The method of constructing a color electrode for a semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of testing the completed semi-transparent color transparent electrode to obtain the semi-transparent color transparent electrode are as follows: The transmittance spectrum of the colored transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell is tested by using ultraviolet spectrophotometry, visible spectrophotometry and near-infrared spectrophotometry. The sheet resistance of the colored transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell is tested by using a four-point probe method.

5. The method of constructing a color electrode for a semi-transparent solar cell based on the coupling effect according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: When the average visible transmittance AVT of the colored transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell is greater than 25%, the transmission color covers an area of 99.9% of an sRGB region in a CIE 1931 chromaticity space.

6. The method of constructing a color electrode for a coupled-effect semi-transparent solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: The coupling coefficient g of the two resonance modes directly regulates the number of resonance absorption peaks, the resonance line width and the splitting degree of the two resonance peaks of the colored transparent electrode of the semi-transparent solar cell.

7. The method for constructing a color electrode of a semi-transparent solar cell based on a coupling effect according to claim 1, wherein: The resonance based on the nano microcavity realizes phase matching, and two components of the coupled nano microcavity are an MDM structure and an intrinsic resonance frequency and a resonance peak line width of a two-period double dielectric alternating structure.

8. The method of constructing a color electrode for a coupled-effect semi-transparent solar cell according to claim 7, wherein: The two parameters of the intrinsic resonance frequency and the resonance peak line width respectively depend on the dielectric cavity layer thickness and the metal layer thickness in the independent nano microcavity.

9. The method of constructing a color electrode for a coupled-effect semi-transparent solar cell according to claim 7, wherein: The two-period double dielectric alternating structure has four layers, and a two-layer structure in one period is composed of two dielectric thin films with different refractive indexes which are alternately stacked.

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