Antenna module and electronic device

Abstract

The application provides an antenna module and an electronic device. The antenna module comprises a circuit board, a feeding cavity antenna arranged on the circuit board, a first cascaded cavity antenna arranged on the circuit board and located on one side of the feeding cavity antenna, a first conductive member arranged on the circuit board, one end of the first conductive member being located in the feeding cavity antenna and the other end of the first conductive member being located in the first cascaded cavity antenna, and an adjusting assembly connected to the first conductive member. In a case where the adjusting assembly is in a first state, a phase difference between the feeding cavity antenna and the first cascaded cavity antenna is a first phase difference. In a case where the adjusting assembly is in a second state, a phase difference between the feeding cavity antenna and the first cascaded cavity antenna is a second phase difference. The first phase difference is different from the second phase difference.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of electronic equipment technology, specifically relating to an antenna module and an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, electronic devices with all-metal casings cannot use traditional metal frame antennas. In related technologies, cavity antennas composed of circuit boards and metal shielding covers are usually used. However, traditional single cavity antennas have fixed modes and fixed radiation patterns, and are prone to transmission and reception blind spots as the surrounding environment changes. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application aims to provide an antenna module and electronic device that can solve or improve the technical problems of traditional cavity antennas, such as single mode, fixed radiation pattern, and easy generation of blind spots in transmission and reception.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application is implemented as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides an antenna module, comprising:

[0006] Circuit board;

[0007] The feed cavity antenna is mounted on the circuit board.

[0008] The first cascaded cavity antenna is mounted on the circuit board and located on one side of the feed cavity antenna;

[0009] The first conductive element is disposed on the circuit board. One end of the first conductive element is located inside the feed cavity antenna, and the other end of the first conductive element is located inside the first cascaded cavity antenna.

[0010] An adjustment component is connected to a first conductive element. When the adjustment component is in a first state, the phase difference between the feed cavity antenna and the first cascaded cavity antenna is a first phase difference. When the adjustment component is in a second state, the phase difference between the feed cavity antenna and the first cascaded cavity antenna is a second phase difference. The first phase difference and the second phase difference are different.

[0011] Secondly, this application provides an electronic device, comprising:

[0012] The antenna module provided in the first aspect embodiment.

[0013] In the embodiments of this application, the antenna module includes a circuit board, a fed cavity antenna, a first cascaded cavity antenna, a first conductive element, and an adjustment component. The fed cavity antenna, the first cascaded cavity antenna, and the first conductive element are disposed on the circuit board. The fed cavity antenna is fed, and one end of the first conductive element is located inside the fed cavity antenna, while the other end of the first conductive element is located inside the first cascaded cavity antenna. When the fed cavity antenna is fed, a magnetic field is generated. The magnetic field acts on the first conductive element, generating a current. The current on the first conductive element acts on the first cascaded cavity antenna, exciting the first cascaded cavity antenna, causing the first cascaded cavity antenna to generate a magnetic field, thereby increasing the radiation range of the antenna module.

[0014] Furthermore, an adjustment component is provided on the first conductive element. By changing the operating state of the adjustment component, the current state on the first conductive element can be changed, thereby altering the phase difference between the feed cavity antenna and the first cascaded cavity antenna. Specifically, when the adjustment component is in the first state, the phase difference between the feed cavity antenna and the first cascaded cavity antenna is a first phase difference; when the adjustment component is in the second state, the phase difference between the feed cavity antenna and the first cascaded cavity antenna is a second phase difference. Moreover, the first phase difference and the second phase difference are different, and the radiation directions generated by the feed cavity antenna and the first cascaded cavity antenna under different phase differences are also different. This achieves a change in the radiation pattern of the antenna module, thereby increasing the scanning range of the antenna module, reducing the signal dead zone of the antenna module, and improving the performance of the antenna module.

[0015] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an antenna module provided in one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 A top view of an antenna module provided in one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0019] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an adjustment component in an antenna module provided in one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0020] Figure 4 As shown Figure 1 The antenna pattern of one state of the antenna module is shown.

[0021] Figure 5 As shownFigure 1 The antenna pattern of one state of the antenna module is shown.

[0022] Figure 6 A top view of an antenna module provided in one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0023] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of an adjustment component in an antenna module provided in one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0024] Figure 8 As shown Figure 7 The antenna pattern of one state of the antenna module is shown.

[0025] Figure 9 As shown Figure 7 The antenna pattern of one state of the antenna module is shown.

[0026] Figure 10 As shown Figure 7 The antenna pattern of one state of the antenna module is shown.

[0027] Figure 11 As shown Figure 7 The antenna pattern of one state of the antenna module is shown.

[0028] Figure 12 A top view of an antenna module provided in one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0029] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of an adjustment component in an antenna module provided in one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0030] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of an adjustment component in an antenna module provided in one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0031] Figure 15 As shown Figure 12 The antenna pattern of one state of the antenna module is shown.

[0032] Figure 16 As shown Figure 12 The antenna pattern of one state of the antenna module is shown.

[0033] Figure 17 A top view of an antenna module provided in one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0034] Figure 18 As shown Figure 17 The antenna pattern of one state of the antenna module is shown.

[0035] Figure 19 As shown Figure 17The antenna pattern of one state of the antenna module is shown.

[0036] Figure 20 As shown Figure 17 The radiation pattern of the antenna module shown during scanning.

[0037] Figure 21 A schematic diagram of an antenna module provided in one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0038] Figure 22 As shown Figure 21 The antenna pattern of one state of the antenna module is shown.

[0039] Figure 23 As shown Figure 21 The antenna pattern of one state of the antenna module is shown.

[0040] Figure 24 A schematic diagram of an antenna module provided in one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0041] Figure 25 A top view of an antenna module provided in one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0042] Figure 26 A schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0043] Figure 27 A schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0044] Figure 28 A schematic diagram of the electric and magnetic field lines in TE101 and TE102 modes is shown.

[0045] Figure 29 A schematic diagram of the electric and magnetic field lines for modes TE101, TE201, TE301, TE202, TE102, and TE103 is shown.

[0046] Figure 30 A schematic diagram of a circuit board and a feed cavity antenna in an antenna module provided in one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0047] Figure 31 A schematic diagram of an antenna module provided in one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0048] Figure 32 A schematic diagram of an antenna module provided in one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0049] Figure 33 A schematic diagram of an antenna module provided in one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0050] Figure 34 As shown Figure 33 The cross-sectional view of the antenna module at point A1 shown;

[0051] Figure 35 As shown Figure 33 The cross-sectional view of the antenna module at point A2 shown;

[0052] Figure 36 As shown Figure 33 The cross-sectional view of the antenna module at point B1 is shown.

[0053] Figure 37 As shown Figure 33 The cross-sectional view of the antenna module at point B2 is shown.

[0054] Figure 38 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of a circuit board, a fed cavity antenna, a first cascaded cavity antenna, a first conductive element, and the radiation direction of an antenna module provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0055] Figure 39 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of a circuit board, a feed cavity antenna, a first cascaded cavity antenna, a first conductive element, and the radiation direction of an antenna module provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0056] Figure 40 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of a circuit board, a fed cavity antenna, a first cascaded cavity antenna, a first conductive element, and the radiation direction of an antenna module provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0057] Figures 1 to 40 Figure label:

[0058] 100 Antenna module, 110 Circuit board, 112 Via, 114 Grounding component, 116 Trace, 120 Feed cavity antenna, 130 First cascaded cavity antenna, 140 First conductive component, 142 First conductive element, 144 Second conductive element, 146 Third conductive element, 148 Fourth conductive element, 150 Adjustment assembly, 152 First switch, 154 Second switch, 156 Third switch, 158 Fourth switch, 160 Lumped component, 162 Phase shifter, 170 Second cascaded cavity antenna, 180 Second conductive component, 200 Electronic device, 210 Charging interface, 220 Volume buttons, 230 Power button, 240 Screen. Detailed Implementation

[0059] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail. Examples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0060] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of this application may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more. Furthermore, "and / or" in the specification and claims indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0061] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper" and "inner", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0062] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0063] The following is combined Figures 1 to 40 Antenna module 100 and electronic device 200 according to embodiments of this application.

[0064] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 6 , Figure 12 , Figure 17 , Figure 21 and Figure 22As shown, in some embodiments of this application, an antenna module 100 is proposed, including: a circuit board 110; a fed cavity antenna 120 disposed on the circuit board 110; a first cascaded cavity antenna 130 disposed on the circuit board 110, located on one side of the fed cavity antenna 120; a first conductive element 140 disposed on the circuit board 110, one end of the first conductive element 140 located inside the fed cavity antenna 120, and the other end of the first conductive element 140 located inside the first cascaded cavity antenna 130; and an adjustment component 150 connected to the first conductive element 140. When the adjustment component 150 is in a first state, the phase difference between the fed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 is a first phase difference. When the adjustment component 150 is in a second state, the phase difference between the fed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 is a second phase difference. The first phase difference and the second phase difference are different.

[0065] In the embodiments of this application, the antenna module 100 includes a circuit board 110, a fed cavity antenna 120, a first cascaded cavity antenna 130, a first conductive element 140, and an adjustment assembly 150. The fed cavity antenna 120, the first cascaded cavity antenna 130, and the first conductive element 140 are disposed on the circuit board 110. The fed cavity antenna 120 is fed. One end of the first conductive element 140 is located inside the fed cavity antenna 120, and the other end of the first conductive element 140 is located inside the first cascaded cavity antenna 130. When the fed cavity antenna 120 is fed, a magnetic field is generated. The magnetic field acts on the first conductive element 140, generating a current. The current on the first conductive element 140 acts on the first cascaded cavity antenna 130, exciting the first cascaded cavity antenna 130, causing the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 to generate a magnetic field, thereby increasing the radiation range of the antenna module 100.

[0066] Furthermore, an adjustment component 150 is provided on the first conductive element 140. By changing the operating state of the adjustment component 150, the current state on the first conductive element 140 can be changed, thereby changing the phase difference between the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130. Specifically, when the adjustment component 150 is in the first state, the phase difference between the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 is the first phase difference. When the adjustment component 150 is in the second state, the phase difference between the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 is the second phase difference. Moreover, the first phase difference and the second phase difference are different, and the radiation directions generated by the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 under different phase differences are also different, thereby increasing the scanning range of the antenna, reducing the probability of signal dead zones, and improving the performance of the antenna module 100.

[0067] Furthermore, the distance between the center points of the fed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 is L1. The length of L1 can be half the wavelength of the resonant frequency of the operating mode of the antenna module 100. Specifically, the operating mode of the antenna module 100 can be Transverse Electric Mode 101 (TE101), Transverse Electric Mode 102 (TE102), Transverse Electric Mode 103 (TE103), Transverse Electric Mode 201 (TE201), Transverse Electric Mode 202 (TE202), or Transverse Electric Mode 301 (TE301), etc.

[0068] The first conductive element 140 can be the copper foil or microstrip line of the circuit board 110.

[0069] The adjustment component 150 may also have a third state or a fourth state, which may result in other phase differences between the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130, or cause the first conductive element 140 to be disconnected, so that only the feed cavity antenna 120 works.

[0070] Specifically, such as Figure 28 As shown, the electric and magnetic field distributions of the cavity antenna at a certain moment during waveguide propagation in TE101 and TE102 modes are as follows. Figure 29 The image shows a top view of the electric and magnetic field distributions of the cavity antenna in TE101, TE201, TE301, TE202, TE102, and TE103 modes.

[0071] like Figure 30 As shown, a feed cavity antenna 120 is disposed on the circuit board 110, such as... Figure 31 As shown, a feed cavity antenna 120 and a first cascaded cavity antenna 130 are mounted on the circuit board 110, and the two are attached to each other, as shown. Figure 32 As shown, a feeding cavity antenna 120 and two first-stage cascaded cavity antennas 130 are arranged on the circuit board 110. The two first-stage cascaded cavity antennas 130 are respectively arranged on both sides of the feeding cavity antenna 120, thereby providing the main feed to the feeding cavity antenna 120. The feeding cavity antenna 120 uses magnetic field-current-magnetic field coupling to feed the first-stage cascaded cavity antennas 130. Figure 33As shown, the fed cavity antenna 120 feeds the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 through the first conductive element 140.

[0072] Among them, such as Figure 34 , Figure 35 , Figure 36 and Figure 37 As shown, the circuit board 110 has vias 112 and traces 116. The feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 are fixed to the circuit board 110 through the traces 116. A grounding component 114 is provided on the side of the circuit board 110 away from the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130. The circuit board 110 has vias 112, and the traces 116 are connected to the grounding component 114 through the vias 112. The vias 112 are also called metallized vias. In some existing processes, a layer of metal is deposited on the cylindrical surface of the via wall using chemical deposition to connect the various metal layers connected by the via.

[0073] like Figure 38 As shown, when the length of the first conductive element 140 is less than one-eighth of the wavelength of the resonant frequency of the working mode of the antenna module 100, the current on the first conductive element 140 is in the same direction. Therefore, the magnetic field distribution in the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 is opposite to that in the feed cavity antenna 120. As a result, the generated radiation pattern is without a main lobe and only has the radiation direction of the grating lobes on both sides.

[0074] like Figure 39 As shown, with the increase in length of the first conductive element 140, when the length is approximately half the wavelength of the operating mode of the antenna module 100 (e.g., TE101, TE102, or TE103), the currents on the left and right sides of the first conductive element 140 are out of phase, and the currents in the Z-direction on both sides are out of phase. Figure 39 The current flowing back to the bottom of the vertical circuit board 110 is in phase. At this time, the magnetic field distribution in the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 is generated in phase with the feed cavity antenna 120. The maximum radiation directions of the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 are consistent. The radiation patterns are superimposed to form a radiation pattern similar to a two-element array, that is, the gain of the maximum radiation direction becomes higher and the beam width becomes narrower.

[0075] like Figure 40 As shown, there is a certain gap between the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130, exposing a portion of the first conductive element 140, thereby facilitating the installation of the adjustment assembly 150.

[0076] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, in one possible implementation, the first conductive element 140 includes: a first conductive element 142 disposed on the circuit board 110, one end of the first conductive element 142 located inside the feed cavity antenna 120, and the other end of the first conductive element 142 located inside the first cascaded cavity antenna 130, the length of the first conductive element 142 being a first length; and a second conductive element 144 disposed on the circuit board 110, one end of the second conductive element 144 located inside the feed cavity antenna 120, and the other end of the second conductive element 14 .... Within line 130, the length of the second conductive element 144 is a second length, which is different from the first length and the second length. The adjusting component 150 includes: a first switch 152 disposed on the first conductive element 142; and a second switch 154 disposed on the second conductive element 144. When the adjusting component 150 is in the first state, the first switch 152 is in the closed state and the second switch 154 is in the open state. When the adjusting component 150 is in the second state, the second switch 154 is in the closed state and the first switch 152 is in the open state.

[0077] Specifically, the first conductive element 140 includes a first conductive element 142 and a second conductive element 144. The first conductive element 142 and the second conductive element 144 have different lengths. The length of the first conductive element 142 is a first length, and the length of the second conductive element 144 is a second length. The two ends of the first conductive element 142 are respectively disposed in the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130. The two ends of the second conductive element 144 are respectively disposed in the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130. The first conductive element 142 and the second conductive element 144 are arranged alternately.

[0078] The adjustment assembly 150 includes a first switch 152 and a second switch 154. The first switch 152 is disposed on the first conductive element 142, and the second switch 154 is disposed on the second conductive element 144. Thus, the first switch 152 can control the state of the first conductive element 142. When the first switch 152 is in the closed state, the first conductive element 142 is in the conducting state, and in this state, the feed cavity antenna 120 can excite the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 through the first conductive element 142. When the first switch 152 is in the open state, the first conductive element 142 is in the open-circuit state, and in this state, the feed... The cavity antenna 120 cannot excite the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 through the first conductive element 142. The second switch 154 can control the state of the second conductive element 144. When the second switch 154 is in the closed state, the second conductive element 144 is in the conducting state. In this state, the feeding cavity antenna 120 can excite the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 through the second conductive element 144. When the second switch 154 is in the open state, the second conductive element 144 is in the open-circuit state. In this state, the feeding cavity antenna 120 cannot excite the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 through the second conductive element 144.

[0079] Furthermore, by controlling the states of the first switch 152 and the second switch 154, the conductive elements of the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 are excited by the feeding cavity antenna 120, thereby changing the phase difference between the feeding cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130.

[0080] Specifically, the length of the first conductive element 142 is a first length L3, which is less than one-eighth of the wavelength of the resonant frequency of the TE101 mode. The length of the second conductive element 144 is a second length L4, which is half the wavelength of the resonant frequency of the TE101 mode. Furthermore, the first length L3 can be as short as possible.

[0081] Both the first switch 152 and the second switch 154 can be single-pole double-throw switches. If one of the first switch 152 and the second switch 154 is grounded, that is, in the open state, it means that the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 is not excited by its corresponding first conductive element 142 or second conductive element 144, that is, the grounded switch is in the open state.

[0082] If both the first switch 152 and the second switch 154 are grounded, it indicates that the operation is in single-cavity mode, meaning that only the fed cavity antenna 120 is working, while the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 is not excited and does not work.

[0083] Specifically, since the opening directions of the fed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 are the same, such as Figure 3As shown, the first switch 152 is switch S1, and the second switch 154 is switch S2. When switch S1 is in the open state and switch S2 is in the closed state, the first conductive element 142 is in the open circuit state, and the second conductive element 144 is in the closed circuit state. The phase difference between the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 is approximately 0, that is, the phases of the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 are approximately the same. Therefore, the radiation pattern generated by the antenna module 100 is as follows. Figure 4 As shown, the maximum radiation direction is consistent with the opening direction of the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130. When switch S1 is in the closed state and switch S2 is in the open state, the first conductive element 142 is in the conducting state and the second conductive element 144 is in the open state. The phase difference between the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 is approximately 180 degrees, that is, the phases of the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 are approximately opposite. Therefore, the radiation pattern generated by the antenna module 100 is as follows. Figure 5 As shown, the radiation direction is two grating lobes pointing to the left and right front. The antenna module has a simple structure and stable switching performance.

[0084] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, in one possible implementation, the first conductive element 140 includes: a third conductive element 146 disposed on the circuit board 110, one end of the third conductive element 146 being located within one of the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130; a plurality of fourth conductive elements 148 disposed on the circuit board 110, one end of the plurality of fourth conductive elements 148 being located within the other of the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130, the plurality of fourth conductive elements 148 having different lengths; the adjustment assembly 150 includes: a plurality of third switches 156, the plurality of third switches 15 One end of the 6 is connected to a plurality of fourth conductive elements 148 in a one-to-one correspondence, and the other end of the plurality of third switches 156 is connected to the third conductive elements 148; wherein, when the regulating component 150 is in the first state, one of the plurality of third switches 156 is in the closed state, and the remaining third switches 156 are in the open state; when the regulating component 150 is in the second state, another third switch 156 is in the closed state, and the remaining third switches 156 are in the open state.

[0085] Specifically, the first conductive element 140 includes a third conductive element 146 and a plurality of fourth conductive elements 148, the plurality of fourth conductive elements 148 having different lengths. One end of the third conductive element 146 is disposed in one of the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130, and one end of the fourth conductive element 148 is disposed in the other of the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130. The adjustment assembly 150 includes a plurality of third switches 156, one end of the third switch 156 being connected to the third conductive element 146, and the other end of the third switch 156 being connected to the fourth conductive element 148. The third switch 156 can adjust which fourth conductive element 148 is connected to the third conductive element 146. The plurality of fourth conductive elements 148 having different lengths.

[0086] When the third switch 156 is in the closed state, the third conductive element 146 and the fourth conductive element 148 corresponding to the third switch 156 are connected. When the third switch 156 is in the open state, the third conductive element 146 and the fourth conductive element 148 corresponding to the third switch 156 are disconnected.

[0087] Furthermore, by controlling the operating states of different third switches 156, the overall length of the third conductive element 146 and the fourth conductive element 148 can be changed, thereby achieving the purpose of changing the phase difference between the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130.

[0088] Taking the fourth conductive element 148 as an example, in the case of only the TE101 mode, the overall lengths of the third conductive element 146 and the fourth conductive element 148 correspond to one-eighth, two-eighths, three-eighths, and four-eighths wavelengths of the resonant frequency of the TE101 mode, respectively. When one of the third switches 156 is in the closed state, the other third switches 156 are in the open state, thereby realizing the switching of the corresponding field phase difference between the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130.

[0089] Since the opening directions of the fed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 are the same, such as Figure 6 As shown, the fourth conductive element 148 has four components, namely D1, D2, D3, and D4, as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the four third switches 156 are switches S1, S2, S3 and S4. Switch S1 is connected to D1, switch S2 is connected to D2, switch S3 is connected to D3 and switch S4 is connected to D4.

[0090] Among them, the length of D1 is less than the length of D2, the length of D2 is less than the length of D3, and the length of D3 is less than the length of D4.

[0091] With switch S1 in the closed state and switches S2, S3, and S4 in the open state, D1 is connected to the third conductive element 146, while D2, D3, and D4 are disconnected from the third conductive element 146. In this state, the phase difference between the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 is approximately 0, meaning their phases are roughly the same. Consequently, the radiation pattern generated by the antenna module 100 is as follows: Figure 8 As shown.

[0092] With switch S2 in the closed state and switches S1, S3, and S4 in the open state, D2 is connected to the third conductive element 146, while D1, D3, and D4 are disconnected from the third conductive element 146. In this state, the radiation pattern generated by the antenna module 100 is as follows: Figure 9 As shown, this includes the main radiation direction and the side lobe direction.

[0093] With switch S3 in the closed state and switches S1, S2, and S4 in the open state, D3 is connected to the third conductive element 146, while D1, D2, and D4 are disconnected from the third conductive element 146. In this state, the radiation pattern generated by the antenna module 100 is as follows: Figure 10 As shown, this includes the main radiation direction and the side lobe direction.

[0094] With switch S4 in the closed state and switches S1, S2, and S3 in the open state, D4 ​​is connected to the third conductive element 146, while D1, D2, and D3 are disconnected from the third conductive element 146. In this state, the phase difference between the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 is approximately 180 degrees, meaning their phases are roughly opposite. Consequently, the radiation pattern generated by the antenna module 100 is as follows: Figure 11 As shown, there are two grating lobes with radiation directions to the left front and right front.

[0095] The above describes how the radiation patterns of the fed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 are superimposed, resulting in a change in the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern, which has the effect of a phased array. The two-element array is fed in reverse phase, and the angle between the grating lobes is about 70° (+35° to -35°), that is, the maximum scanning angle is ±35°.

[0096] Alternatively, taking the fourth conductive element 148 as an example, in the cases of TE101 mode and TE102 mode, the first of the overall lengths of the third conductive element 146 and the fourth conductive element 148 is less than one-eighth of the wavelength of the resonant frequency of TE102 mode, the second is less than one-half of the wavelength of the resonant frequency of TE102 mode, the third is less than one-eighth of the wavelength of the resonant frequency of TE101 mode, and the fourth is less than one-half of the wavelength of the resonant frequency of TE101 mode. Therefore, by controlling the different operating states of the third switch 156, different radiation directions of the antenna module 100 can be achieved.

[0097] Specifically, since the opening directions of the fed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 are the same, such as Figure 6 As shown, the fourth conductive element 148 has four components, namely D1, D2, D3, and D4, as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the four third switches 156 are switches S1, S2, S3 and S4. Switch S1 is connected to D1, switch S2 is connected to D2, switch S3 is connected to D3 and switch S4 is connected to D4.

[0098] Furthermore, by controlling the operating states of switches S1, S2, S3, and S4 respectively, the following can be achieved in TE101 and TE102 respectively: Figure 8 and Figure 11 The radiation pattern shown.

[0099] If all third switches 156 are grounded, it indicates that the operation is in single-cavity mode, meaning that only the fed cavity antenna 120 is working, while the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 is not excited and does not work.

[0100] The number of third switches 156 can be two, three, four, five, or six, etc.

[0101] like Figure 12 , Figure 13 and Figure 14 As shown, in one possible implementation, the regulating component 150 includes: a plurality of fourth switches 158; a plurality of lumped elements 160, wherein the plurality of lumped elements 160 and the plurality of fourth switches 158 are connected in a one-to-one correspondence, and the lumped elements 160 are connected to the first conductive element 140 through the fourth switches 158; wherein, when the regulating component 150 is in a first state, one of the plurality of fourth switches 158 is in a closed state, and the remaining fourth switches 158 are in an open state; when the regulating component 150 is in a second state, another fourth switch 158 is in a closed state, and the remaining fourth switches 158 are in an open state.

[0102] Specifically, the adjustment assembly 150 includes multiple fourth switches 158 and multiple lumped elements 160. The lumped elements 160 are connected to the first conductive element 140 via the fourth switches 158. When the fourth switch 158 is closed, the lumped element 160 corresponding to the fourth switch 158 is connected to the first conductive element 140. When the fourth switch 158 is open, the lumped element 160 corresponding to the fourth switch 158 is disconnected from the first conductive element 140. Therefore, the electrical length of the first conductive element 140 can be changed via the lumped elements 160, thereby changing the phase difference between the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130.

[0103] The lumped element 160 can be a reactive element, a resistive element, or a capacitive element, etc. The parameters of multiple lumped elements 160 are different, thereby enabling various phase difference changes between the fed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130.

[0104] Specifically, by controlling the operating state of the fourth switch 158, the phase difference between the fed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 can be made approximately zero, meaning that the phases of the fed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 are approximately the same, and thus the radiation pattern generated by the antenna module 100 is as follows: Figure 15 As shown, the maximum radiation direction is consistent with the opening direction of the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130. By controlling the working state of the fourth switch 158, the phase difference between the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 can be made approximately 180 degrees, that is, the phases of the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 are approximately opposite, and thus the radiation pattern generated by the antenna module 100 is as follows. Figure 16 As shown, there are two grating lobes with radiation directions to the left front and right front.

[0105] like Figure 17 As shown, in one possible implementation, the adjustment assembly 150 includes a phase shifter 162 disposed on the first conductive member 140. When the adjustment assembly 150 is in a first state, the phase shifter 162 causes a first phase difference between the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130. When the adjustment assembly 150 is in a second state, the phase shifter 162 causes a second phase difference between the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130.

[0106] Specifically, the adjustment component 150 includes a phase shifter 162, which is disposed on the first conductive element 140. The phase shifter 162 can directly adjust the phase difference between the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130.

[0107] When the adjustment assembly 150 is in the first state, the phase shifter 162 creates a first phase difference between the fed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130. When the adjustment assembly 150 is in the second state, the phase shifter 162 creates a second phase difference between the fed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130. The first phase difference and the second phase difference are different.

[0108] By controlling the operating state of the phase shifter 162, the phase difference between the fed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 can be made approximately zero, meaning that the phases of the fed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 are approximately the same. Consequently, the radiation pattern generated by the antenna module 100 is as follows: Figure 18 As shown, the maximum radiation direction is consistent with the opening direction of the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130. By controlling the operating state of the phase shifter 162, the phase difference between the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 can be made approximately 180 degrees, that is, the phases of the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 are approximately opposite, thus the radiation pattern generated by the antenna module 100 is as follows. Figure 19 As shown, there are two grating lobes with radiation directions to the left front and right front.

[0109] Specifically, by using a phase shifter 162 mounted on the first conductive element 140, the phase difference between the fed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 can be adjusted in modes such as TE101 and TE102, achieving a phase difference variation from 0° to 180° and then to 360°. Figure 20 As shown, its radiation pattern changes from being consistent with the opening direction to deflecting to one side until the grid lobe appears out of phase, and then deflects back to be consistent with the opening direction from the other side, thus achieving a continuous beam scan with a maximum scanning angle of ±35°.

[0110] like Figure 21 and Figure 25 As shown, as one possible implementation, it further includes: a second cascaded cavity antenna 170, located on one side of the first cascaded cavity antenna 130, the opening direction of the second cascaded cavity antenna 170 being the same as the opening direction of the first cascaded cavity antenna 130, and the opening direction of the feed cavity antenna 120 being different from the opening direction of the second cascaded cavity antenna 170; and a second conductive element 180, one end of which is located inside the feed cavity antenna 120, and the other end of which is located inside the second cascaded cavity antenna 170.

[0111] Specifically, such as Figure 25As shown, a second cascaded cavity antenna 170 is disposed on one side of the first cascaded cavity antenna 130. The opening direction of the second cascaded cavity antenna 170 is the same as that of the first cascaded cavity antenna 130, both facing F1. The opening direction of the feed cavity antenna 120 is F2. F1 and F2 are approximately 90 degrees apart, that is, F1 and F2 are orthogonal. The second cascaded cavity antenna 170 is disposed on the circuit board 110. Furthermore, a second conductive element 180 is disposed on the circuit board 110. One end of the second conductive element 180 is located inside the feed cavity antenna 120, and the other end of the second conductive element 180 is located inside the second cascaded cavity antenna 170. The second cascaded cavity antenna 170 is excited by the second conductive element 180. Since the structure of the second conductive element 180 is fixed, the phase difference between the feeding cavity antenna 120 and the second cascaded cavity antenna 170 is fixed. Therefore, when the phase difference between the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 and the feeding cavity antenna 120 changes, the phase difference between the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 and the second cascaded cavity antenna 170 also changes. Thus, by adjusting the adjustment component 150, the radiation of the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 and the second cascaded cavity antenna 170 can be superimposed, increasing the radiation range and receiving area of ​​the antenna module 100 and improving the performance of the antenna module 100 in complex environments.

[0112] By controlling the operating state of the adjustment component 150, the phase difference between the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 and the second cascaded cavity antenna 170 can be made approximately zero, meaning the phases of the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 and the second cascaded cavity antenna 170 are approximately the same. Consequently, the radiation pattern generated by the antenna module 100 is as follows: Figure 22 As shown, the maximum radiation direction of the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 and the second cascaded cavity antenna 170 is consistent with the opening direction of the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 and the second cascaded cavity antenna 170. By controlling the working state of the fourth switch 158, the phase difference between the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 and the second cascaded cavity antenna 170 can be made approximately 180 degrees, that is, the phases of the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 and the second cascaded cavity antenna 170 are approximately opposite, and thus the radiation pattern generated by the antenna module 100 is as follows. Figure 23 As shown, the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 and the second cascaded cavity antenna 170 radiate in two grating lobes pointing to the left and right front, respectively.

[0113] The length of the second conductive element 180 is L5, which can be one-eighth, two-eighths, three-eighths, or four-eighths of the wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna module 100.

[0114] like Figure 24As shown, in one possible implementation, there are multiple first-cascaded cavity antennas 130, and multiple first-cascaded cavity antennas 130 are arranged on both sides of the feed cavity antenna 120.

[0115] Specifically, several first-cascaded cavity antennas 130 can be arranged on both sides of the feed cavity antenna 120, thereby further increasing the radiation range of the antenna module 100 and improving the performance of the antenna module 100.

[0116] As one possible implementation, the fed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 are the same size.

[0117] Specifically, the fed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 are the same size, which makes it easier to excite the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 and improve its radiation effect.

[0118] in,

[0119] f mnl The frequency of electromagnetic waves propagating in a medium, μ r ε represents the magnetic permeability of the medium. r represents the dielectric constant of the medium, and c represents the speed of light. For example... Figure 30 As shown, 'a' represents the opening length of the cavity antenna, 'b' represents the opening height of the cavity antenna, and 'd' represents the width of the cavity antenna. Here, 'm', 'n', and 'l' are constants representing the mode. For example, in TE101 mode, 'm' is 1, 'n' is 0, and 'l' is 1; in TE102 mode, 'm' is 1, 'n' is 0, and 'l' is 2.

[0120] In other words, the resonant frequency of TE101 is:

[0121]

[0122] As mentioned above, with a fixed cavity filling medium, the resonant frequency of the TE101 mode is related to a and d. That is, the shapes of the fed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 are not fixed. The fed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 can be cubes, cuboids, or other shaped cavities that satisfy the same resonant frequency as the TE101 mode. Based on the above formula, the length, width, and height of the fed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 can be set according to requirements. Therefore, in other embodiments of this application, the dimensions of the fed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 can also be different, and the specific dimensions can be calculated using the above formula.

[0123] Furthermore, the dimensions of the fed cavity antenna 120 and the second cascaded cavity antenna 170 can be the same. Alternatively, the dimensions of the fed cavity antenna 120 and the second cascaded cavity antenna 170 can be different, and the dimension of the second cascaded cavity antenna 170 can also be calculated using the formula described above.

[0124] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 6 , Figure 12 and Figure 17 As shown, in one possible implementation, the opening direction of the feed cavity antenna 120 is the same as the opening direction of the first cascaded cavity antenna 130.

[0125] Specifically, the opening direction of the feed cavity antenna 120 is the same as the opening direction of the first cascaded cavity antenna 130, so that the radiation of the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 can be combined to enhance the radiation effect.

[0126] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 6 , Figure 12 , Figure 17 , Figure 21 and Figure 25 As shown, in one possible implementation, there is a gap between the fed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130.

[0127] Specifically, there may be a gap L2 between the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 to provide installation space for the adjustment assembly 150, thereby facilitating the installation of the adjustment assembly 150.

[0128] Of course, in other embodiments of this application, the feed cavity antenna 120 and the first cascaded cavity antenna 130 can also be attached together, and the adjustment component 150 can be mounted on the other side of the circuit board 110 through the via 112 on the circuit board 110.

[0129] like Figure 26 and Figure 27 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, an electronic device 200 is proposed, including an antenna module 100 as provided in the first aspect embodiment.

[0130] The electronic device 200 provided in this application includes the antenna module 100 as provided in the first aspect embodiment, and therefore has all the beneficial effects of the antenna module 100 as provided in the first aspect embodiment, which will not be described in detail here.

[0131] Specifically, the electronic device 200 also includes a screen 240, a housing, a charging port 210, volume buttons 220, and a power button 230. The antenna module 100 is disposed within the space enclosed by the screen 240 and the housing. Furthermore, the antenna module 100 is located in one corner of the electronic device 200.

[0132] Among them, electronic devices 200 include mobile phones, tablets, wearable devices, laptops, drones, and routers.

[0133] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment" or "specific embodiment" indicate that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0134] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An antenna module, characterized in that, include: Circuit board; A feed cavity antenna is mounted on the circuit board; The first cascaded cavity antenna is mounted on the circuit board and located on one side of the feed cavity antenna; A first conductive element is disposed on the circuit board. One end of the first conductive element is located inside the feed cavity antenna, and the other end of the first conductive element is located inside the first cascaded cavity antenna. The first conductive element is used to couple the magnetic field generated by the feed cavity antenna to the first cascaded cavity antenna, so that the first cascaded cavity antenna generates a radiating magnetic field. An adjustment component is connected to the first conductive element. When the adjustment component is in a first state, the phase difference between the fed cavity antenna and the first cascaded cavity antenna is a first phase difference. When the adjustment component is in a second state, the phase difference between the fed cavity antenna and the first cascaded cavity antenna is a second phase difference. The first phase difference and the second phase difference are different.

2. The antenna module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first conductive element includes: A first conductive element is disposed on the circuit board. One end of the first conductive element is located inside the feed cavity antenna, and the other end of the first conductive element is located inside the first cascaded cavity antenna. The length of the first conductive element is a first length. A second conductive element is disposed on the circuit board. One end of the second conductive element is located inside the feed cavity antenna, and the other end of the second conductive element is located inside the first cascaded cavity antenna. The length of the second conductive element is a second length, and the first length and the second length are different. The adjustment component includes: A first switch is disposed on the first conductive element; The second switch is disposed on the second conductive element; Specifically, when the regulating component is in the first state, the first switch is in the closed state and the second switch is in the open state; when the regulating component is in the second state, the second switch is in the closed state and the first switch is in the open state.

3. The antenna module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first conductive element includes: A third conductive element is disposed on the circuit board, and one end of the third conductive element is located inside one of the feed cavity antenna and the first cascaded cavity antenna; Multiple fourth conductive elements are disposed on the circuit board, one end of each of the multiple fourth conductive elements is located inside another of the feed cavity antenna and the first cascaded cavity antenna, and the multiple fourth conductive elements have different lengths; The adjustment component includes: Multiple third switches, one end of each of the multiple third switches is connected to a corresponding number of the multiple fourth conductive elements, and the other end of each of the multiple third switches is connected to a third conductive element; Specifically, when the regulating component is in the first state, one of the plurality of third switches is in the closed state, and the remaining third switches are in the open state; when the regulating component is in the second state, another third switch is in the closed state, and the remaining third switches are in the open state.

4. The antenna module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment component includes: Multiple fourth switches; Multiple lumped elements are connected one-to-one with the multiple lumped elements and the multiple fourth switches, and the lumped elements are connected to the first conductive element through the fourth switches; Specifically, when the regulating component is in the first state, one of the plurality of fourth switches is in the closed state, and the remaining fourth switches are in the open state; when the regulating component is in the second state, another fourth switch is in the closed state, and the remaining fourth switches are in the open state.

5. The antenna module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment component includes: A phase shifter, disposed on the first conductive element, provides a first phase difference between the fed cavity antenna and the first cascaded cavity antenna when the adjustment assembly is in a first state, and a second phase difference between the fed cavity antenna and the first cascaded cavity antenna when the adjustment assembly is in a second state.

6. The antenna module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Also includes: The second cascaded cavity antenna is located on one side of the first cascaded cavity antenna. The opening direction of the second cascaded cavity antenna is the same as that of the first cascaded cavity antenna, while the opening direction of the feed cavity antenna is different from that of the second cascaded cavity antenna. The second conductive element has one end located inside the feed cavity antenna and the other end located inside the second cascaded cavity antenna.

7. The antenna module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The number of the first cascaded cavity antennas is multiple, and the multiple first cascaded cavity antennas are arranged on both sides of the feed cavity antenna.

8. The antenna module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The fed cavity antenna and the first cascaded cavity antenna have the same dimensions.

9. The antenna module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The opening direction of the feed cavity antenna is the same as the opening direction of the first cascaded cavity antenna.

10. The antenna module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, There is a gap between the fed cavity antenna and the first cascaded cavity antenna.

11. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: The antenna module as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

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