Electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology and operating method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of electromagnetic gun half-bridge topological structure and operation method.The structure of the present application is connected at least one group of half-bridge topological network on main energy storage element, which includes half-bridge circuit and at least one level of accelerating circuit, each level of accelerating circuit is connected between two-way switch circuit of half-bridge circuit, and two-way switch circuit is all with full-control switch as switching element.For basic design, accelerating circuit uses half-control switch as selection level switch.The present application makes three kinds of variations on the basis of basic design, one is to design two or more than two half-bridge topological network to work alternately;Second, the selection level switch uses full-control switch, and a protection circuit is added;Third, a freewheeling diode is added between the accelerating coil and the selection level switch of each level of accelerating circuit, to exclude the selection level switch when freewheeling and energy recovery.The present application designs low complexity, light weight, high efficiency, high integration, low cost for electromagnetic gun, so that it can be applied in actual engineering.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of electromagnetic launchers, in particular to a kind of electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology structure and corresponding operation method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The main form of electromagnetic gun has coil gun and rail gun, which converts electric energy into kinetic energy of various carriers through electromagnetic physical law. Electromagnetic gun belongs to new concept weapon in modern times, and has application in production and scientific research in addition to military application prospect, such as electromagnetic nail gun, projectile collision test equipment, etc.

[0003] Electromagnetic gun has developed for nearly two hundred years, and the process is difficult, and the main focus is on rail gun, and coil gun develops less. But with the development of semiconductor technology, especially the progress of SCR, IGBT, MOS device, coil gun gradually approaches practicality in recent years, but the performance of coil gun made by traditional topology is not good [1], and reasonable circuit topology structure design is needed to significantly improve performance, such as firing rate (amount of ammunition fired per unit time), electric energy-kinetic energy conversion efficiency (hereinafter referred to as efficiency), projectile kinetic energy and device mass ratio (hereinafter referred to as dynamic mass ratio) and the like.

[0004] For this purpose, the present application proposes a topology suitable for coil gun based on half-bridge technology of power supply technology [2], and the combination control of SCR (thyristor), Diode (diode), IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) and other semiconductor switches with half-controlled or fully-controlled and unidirectional conduction can achieve the purpose of improving the efficiency, dynamic mass ratio and reducing the complexity of the system of electromagnetic gun, and improving the robustness. So that the electromagnetic gun can realize the purpose of portability and light weight.

[0005] [1] Fei Fucong, Li Yuancheng, Tang Yong, Lu Yuanyuan, Ni Guangyuan, Huang Xiaojun. Based on sensor control Multi-stage magnetic resistance type electromagnetic gun production and research [J]. Physics and engineering, 2013, 23 (01): 25-28 + 35.

[0006] [2] Liu Guangyan. Design of half-bridge DC / DC converter in 48V charging system [J]. Electrical Times, 2022, No. 495 (12): 71-74. SUMMARY

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to provide an electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology structure and operation method to provide a lightweight, high-efficiency and high-integration design scheme for electromagnetic gun.

[0008] The technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0009] The application discloses a half-bridge topology structure of an electromagnetic gun, which comprises a main energy storage unit with polarity, and at least one group of half-bridge topology networks, each of which is connected to both ends of the main energy storage unit.

[0010] The at least one group of half-bridge topology networks comprises a half-bridge circuit and at least one stage of accelerating circuits.

[0011] The half-bridge circuit comprises a first switch circuit formed by a semiconductor switch Q1 and a diode D1 in series, and a second switch circuit formed by a semiconductor switch Q2 and a diode D2 in series, wherein the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 are all fully-controlled switches; and the two switch circuits are connected to both ends of the main energy storage unit.

[0012] Each stage of accelerating circuits comprises an accelerating coil and a stage selection switch in series, and the stage selection switch is a semi-controlled switch; one end of each stage of accelerating circuits is connected between the semiconductor switch Q1 and the diode D1, and the other end is connected between the semiconductor switch Q2 and the diode D2.

[0013] The application further provides an operation method of the half-bridge topology structure of the electromagnetic gun.

[0014] The following processes are circularly executed according to the arrangement order of the stages of accelerating circuits:

[0015] The semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 are turned on;

[0016] The stage selection switch of the current stage of accelerating circuits is turned on;

[0017] After a first time, one of the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 is turned off;

[0018] After a second time, the remaining one of the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 is turned off.

[0019] Preferably, the half-bridge topology networks are at least two groups.

[0020] The application further provides an operation method of the half-bridge topology structure of the electromagnetic gun comprising two or more groups of half-bridge topology networks.

[0021] The following processes are circularly executed according to the arrangement order of the groups of half-bridge topology networks:

[0022] The semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 of the current group of half-bridge topology networks are turned on;

[0023] The stage selection switch of the current group of half-bridge topology networks is turned on;

[0024] After a first time, one of the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 of the current group of half-bridge topology networks is turned off;

[0025] After a second time, turn off the remaining one of the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 of the current group of half-bridge topology network.

[0026] The application also provides another electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology structure, which comprises a main energy storage unit with polarity, and at least one group of half-bridge topology networks, each of which is connected to both ends of the main energy storage unit;

[0027] The at least one group of half-bridge topology networks comprises a half-bridge circuit and at least one level of accelerating circuit;

[0028] The half-bridge circuit comprises a first switch circuit composed of a semiconductor switch Q1 and a diode D1 connected in series, and a second switch circuit composed of a semiconductor switch Q2 and a diode D2 connected in series, wherein the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 are all controllable switches; both ends of the two switch circuits are connected to the main energy storage unit;

[0029] Each level of accelerating circuit comprises an accelerating coil, a selection switch connected in series with the accelerating coil, and a protection circuit connected in parallel with the accelerating coil, wherein the selection switch is a controllable switch; one end of each level of accelerating circuit is connected between the semiconductor switch Q1 and the diode D1, and the other end is connected between the semiconductor switch Q2 and the diode D2.

[0030] The application also provides an operation method of the above electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology structure, which comprises:

[0031] In the order of arrangement of each level of accelerating circuit, the following processes are executed in a loop:

[0032] Turn on the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2;

[0033] Turn on the selection switch of the current level of accelerating circuit;

[0034] After a first time, turn off one of the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2;

[0035] After a second time, turn off the remaining one of the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2;

[0036] After a third time, turn off the selection switch of the current level of accelerating circuit.

[0037] The application also provides another electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology structure, which comprises a main energy storage unit with polarity, and at least one group of half-bridge topology networks, each of which is connected to both ends of the main energy storage unit;

[0038] The at least one group of half-bridge topology networks comprises a half-bridge circuit and at least one level of accelerating circuit;

[0039] The half-bridge circuit comprises a first path switch circuit formed by a semiconductor switch Q1 and a diode D1 in series, and a second path switch circuit formed by a semiconductor switch Q2, wherein the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 are all fully-controlled switches; two ends of the first path switch circuit are connected to the main energy storage unit, and one end of the second path switch circuit is connected to the main energy storage unit at an end opposite to the semiconductor switch Q1.

[0040] Each stage of the accelerating circuit comprises an accelerating coil and a stage selection switch in series, wherein the stage selection switch is a semi-controlled switch; one end of each stage of the accelerating circuit is connected between the semiconductor switch Q1 and the diode D1, and the other end is connected to the other end of the semiconductor switch Q2; a freewheeling diode is connected between the accelerating coil and the stage selection switch of each stage of the accelerating circuit.

[0041] The application further provides an operation method of the electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology structure, which comprises the following steps:

[0042] The following processes are executed in the order of arrangement of each stage of the accelerating circuit:

[0043] The semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 are turned on;

[0044] The stage selection switch of the current stage of the accelerating circuit is turned on;

[0045] After a first time, the semiconductor switch Q2 is turned off;

[0046] After a second time, the semiconductor switch Q1 is turned off.

[0047] As described above, due to the adoption of the technical solutions, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0048] 1. The application is based on the half-bridge technology of power supply design, realizes the implementation of the electromagnetic gun engineering by using fewer semiconductor components, improves the efficiency, dynamic-mass ratio and integration of the electromagnetic gun through the combined control of the one-way conducting switch components such as semi-controlled or fully-controlled switches, and realizes the portable, lightweight and low-cost design of the electromagnetic gun.

[0049] 2. The application designs multiple variant schemes based on the basic design idea of using semi-controlled switches as stage selection switches, and solves the switching frequency problem of the multi-stage accelerating coil.

[0050] 3. The application realizes the recycling of energy among the multi-stage accelerating coils, and improves the electric energy-kinetic energy conversion efficiency.

[0051] 4、The application only needs a polar main energy storage element, so that the mechanical structure of the electromagnetic gun is more flexible and variable, the main energy storage element can be placed centrally, conveniently carried or hidden. Meanwhile, the application also solves the problem that each level of the existing multi-stage electromagnetic gun needs a separate energy storage element, which leads to large internal resistance loss and extremely high quality requirement for aluminum electrolytic capacitor.

[0052] 5、The application has very simple wiring. All stage acceleration circuits are connected to several busbars (i.e. switching circuits) (twice the number of half-bridge), without additional pulse power wiring. Therefore, the wiring is simple, the cost is low, and the reliability is high. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0053] The application will be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0054] Figure 1 is a basic topology of the electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology structure.

[0055] Figure 2 is Figure 1 an embodiment of the electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology structure.

[0056] Figure 3 , Figure 4 respectively, are embodiments of control circuits corresponding to the full-controlled switch and the half-controlled switch in Figure 2 .

[0057] Figures 5-8 is Figure 2 a flowchart of the electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology structure shown in the figure, which is a cycle of once excitation, freewheeling and energy recovery.

[0058] Figure 9 is a test waveform of the operation process of the electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology structure.

[0059] Figure 10 is an embodiment of the electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology structure designed to contain two groups of half-bridge topology networks.

[0060] Figure 11 , Figure 12 respectively, are two other embodiments of the electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] All the features disclosed in this specification, or all the steps of any method or process specified in this specification, may be combined in any combination, except where the features and / or steps are mutually exclusive.

[0062] Any feature disclosed in this specification, unless stated otherwise, can be replaced by any equivalent or similar feature. That is, unless stated otherwise, each feature is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.

[0063] Example 1

[0064] An electromagnetic railgun half-bridge topology includes a polarized main energy storage unit and at least one set of half-bridge topology networks, each set of half-bridge topology networks being connected to both ends of the main energy storage unit.

[0065] The half-bridge topology network includes a half-bridge circuit and at least one stage of acceleration circuitry. Including multiple stages of acceleration circuitry forms a multi-stage electromagnetic railgun.

[0066] The half-bridge circuit consists of two switching circuits connected in the same direction (switching direction) to the main energy storage unit; and each acceleration circuit is connected between the two switching circuits, and each acceleration circuit includes an acceleration coil and a series-connected selection switch.

[0067] like Figure 1 As shown, the first switching circuit consists of semiconductor switch Q1 and diode D2 connected in series, and the second switching circuit consists of semiconductor switch Q2 and diode D1 connected in series. Both semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 are fully controllable semiconductor switches (referred to as fully controllable switches), such as IGBTs and MOSFETs. The two switching circuits form a half-bridge network to control the acceleration coils to perform current freewheeling and energy recovery after commutation. By using fully controllable semiconductor switches, precise pulse width control is achieved for each stage of the acceleration coil, resulting in equal energy distribution to match the "uniform acceleration" characteristic of electromagnetic coil guns, achieving higher acceleration, efficiency, and momentum-to-mass ratio than ordinary multi-stage electromagnetic guns. The two ends of the two switching circuits are connected to the main energy storage unit C1, which can be connected to a power source for charging.

[0068] Figure 1 The diagram shows a three-stage acceleration circuit. Each stage consists of an acceleration coil and a selector switch connected in series. One end of each stage is connected between semiconductor switch Q1 and diode D2, and the other end is connected between semiconductor switch Q2 and diode D1. Figure 1 As shown, the first-stage acceleration circuit consists of inductor L1 and selector switch U1 connected in series; the second-stage acceleration circuit consists of inductor L2 and selector switch U2 connected in series; and the third-stage acceleration circuit consists of inductor L3 and selector switch U3 connected in series. More (n-stage) acceleration circuits can be connected between the two switching circuits, and the structure of each acceleration circuit is designed similarly. Each selector switch is a semiconductor switch with semi-controlled capability (referred to as a semi-controlled switch), such as an SCR (thyristor), which expands the number of coils on the half-bridge, selects the working coil, and provides auxiliary freewheeling current, thereby improving the utilization of electrical components. Furthermore, during operation, semi-controlled switches such as SCRs must not be actively turned off; in this circuit, they can only be turned off when the current is lower than the holding current.

[0069] Thus, the half-bridge circuit composed of semiconductor switches Q1, Q2, diodes D1, D2, and the acceleration circuit composed of selected switches U1, U2, U3,..., Un connected in series with acceleration coils L1, L2, L3,..., Ln (n is the number of stages of the acceleration circuit) are designed, and the main energy storage unit C1 is connected to form a half-bridge topology network.

[0070] The semiconductor switches Q1, Q2, selected switches U1, U2,..., Un are controlled semiconductor devices with unidirectional conduction capability, and need to be controlled by voltage signals to turn on / off. Figure 2 The specific embodiment of the half-bridge topology network is shown, the main energy storage unit C1 is connected to the 400V power supply through the switch SW1 for charging. The capacitance of the main energy storage unit C1 will not be discharged during the operation of the electromagnetic gun, and the charging impedance is high. The main energy storage unit C1 can be continuously supplied with energy by the battery and high-voltage power supply, which is beneficial to reduce the number of capacitors and make it possible to fire continuously, and it is easy to get high firing speed. NET2, NET3, NET5, NET6, and NET7 are the control terminals of semiconductor switches Q1, Q2, and selected switches U1, U2, and U3, respectively. Figure 3 The embodiment of the semiconductor switch control circuit is shown, Figure 4 The embodiment of the selected switch control circuit is shown, Figure 3 Figure 4 The device model used in the above is shown in the figure. Among them, H6 and H7 are 12-volt to 20-volt isolation power supplies for suspension drive power supply; MCU1-MCU5 are connected to five different I / O ports of STC89C52RC single-chip microcomputers, respectively, for controlling the conduction or turn-off of each semiconductor device.

[0071] ​The half-bridge topology network has three processes in the working process, in turn, excitation, freewheeling, energy recovery. In detail, first turn on semiconductor switches Q1, Q2, when semiconductor switches Q1, Q2 are turned on, when one of the selection level switches U1, U2, U3…Un is also turned on, here take Uk(k=1, 2…n) as an example, the main energy storage unit C1 will supply energy to the corresponding accelerating coil Lk, which is the excitation process. After the first time, then one of the semiconductor switches Q1, Q2 is turned off, the accelerating coil Lk enters the freewheeling state. After the second time, finally, the semiconductor switches Q1, Q2 are all turned off, the accelerating coil Lk charges the main energy storage unit C1 through the selection level switch Uk and diodes D1, D2, completes the energy recovery and accelerates the magnetic field of the coil. Then according to the arrangement order of the accelerating circuit, repeat the above process, but this time the current level becomes the next level of accelerating circuit, and the selection level switch becomes the next level of selection level switch U(k+1)(if k=n, then U(k+1)=U1), and so on. Each cycle can be separated by a third time. The coil freewheeling and energy recovery process will improve the acceleration performance.

[0072] As Figures 5-8 The working method process diagram of a set of half-bridge topology networks of the embodiment is shown. As Figure 5 The excitation process of the first level accelerating coil is shown, semiconductor switches Q1, Q2 and selection level switch U1 are turned on, the main energy storage unit C1 supplies energy to the first level accelerating coil L1, and the accelerating coil L1 enters the magnetic field construction stage, and the acceleration of the projectile is particularly slow. As Figure 6 The freewheeling process of the first level accelerating coil is shown, when the excitation time reaches the preset value, the semiconductor switch Q2 is turned off, the accelerating coil L1 enters the freewheeling process, the acceleration force of the projectile reaches the peak value, and the speed increases rapidly. As Figure 7 The energy recovery process is shown, after a certain freewheeling time, the acceleration force of the projectile has a tendency to drop sharply, the semiconductor switch Q1 is turned off, the accelerating coil L1 enters the energy recovery process, and the residual magnetic field is quickly absorbed to avoid serious anti-pull (deceleration) to the projectile. The residual magnetic field energy of the accelerating coil L1 is converted into electrical energy and absorbed by the main energy storage unit C1 to prepare for the next level of acceleration. As Figure 8 The excitation process of the next level accelerating coil is shown, semiconductor switches Q1, Q2 and selection level switch U2 are turned on, and the subsequent working process is exactly the same as that of the first level accelerating coil, and then the third level accelerating circuit executes the same three processes.

[0073] As Figure 9The testing waveforms of the relevant parameters during the operation of a set of half-bridge topology network containing a three-stage accelerating circuit are shown. In the test, the main energy storage unit C1 is charged to 400 volts and then the switch SW1 is turned off; the cylindrical projectile has a diameter of 8 mm, a length of 12 mm, a weight of 4.3 g, and is made of A3 steel according to the national standard GB119; the barrel uses a 304 stainless steel pipe with an inner diameter of 8.1 mm and an outer diameter of 8.5 mm; the coil size is an inner diameter of 8.5 mm, an outer diameter of 22.7 mm, a length of 20 mm, and a wire diameter of 1 mm, 1.25 mm, and 1.4 mm in turn, and the coil spacing is 22 mm; the initial position of the projectile is -14 mm (i.e., the distance between the center of the projectile and the center of the first-stage coil before the coil gun works is 14 mm, and the projectile is behind).

[0074] The working sequence and each state are shown in Figure 9 Between 0 and 600 us, the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 and the selected switch U1 are turned on, and the transient process of the current is shown in Figure 5 The green line (l1) in Figure 9 is the current of the accelerating coil L1; between 400 us and 600 us, the semiconductor switch Q2 is turned off, and the accelerating coil L1 enters the freewheeling stage, and the current shows a downward trend, and the transient process of the current is shown in Figure 6 At 600 us, the semiconductor switch Q1 is turned off, and the accelerating coil L1 enters the energy recovery stage, and the transient process of the current is shown in Figure 7 Subsequently, between 800 us and 1200 us, the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 and the selected switch U2 are turned on, and the accelerating coil L2 starts to work (the orange line l2 in Figure 9 At 1100 us, the semiconductor switch Q2 is turned off, and at 1200 us, the semiconductor switch Q1 is turned off; between 1400 us and 1650 us, the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 and the selected switch U3 are turned on, and the accelerating coil L3 starts to work (the dark green line l3 in Figure 9 At 1580 us, the semiconductor switch Q2 is turned off, and at 1650 us, the semiconductor switch Q1 is turned off. The capacitor voltage (the purple line l4 in Figure 9 fluctuates up and down and shows a downward trend, and the force on the projectile (the dark blue line l5 in Figure 9 ), the speed of the projectile (the red line l6 in Figure 9 ), and the acceleration state are good.

[0075] In the typical embodiment, the MCU of the electromagnetic cannon is not added with sensors, only to make the MCU achieve timing control of the working state of each semiconductor device, which is called timing. When the stage number and the projectile speed are low, it can perform very stably even without adding sensor feedback. If the speed is above 200 m / s, for example, the detection of the projectile position needs to be considered. For the detection of the projectile position of the electromagnetic cannon, photoelectric sensors, Hall sensors, etc. can be used, and according to the real-time state, the MCU is given a feedback signal and the timing is self-corrected to keep the projectile in a good accelerating state.

[0076] Embodiment two

[0077] The half-bridge topology network in embodiment one belongs to the basic design concept of the application, which can meet the needs of some application scenarios with low demand, but also has some shortcomings. The main reason is that the selection level switch uses a semiconductor switch with half-controlled capability, and the switching frequency is low. If the operating speed is higher than the switching frequency, the selection level switch will be subjected to forward voltage again within the recovery time, and the selection level switch will lose control and cannot be turned off. At this time, the problems of low efficiency and circuit damage will occur. To this end, the electromagnetic cannon half-bridge topology structure in this embodiment is designed to contain multiple (two or more) half-bridge topology networks, and each half-bridge topology network works alternately to increase the idle time of the selection level switch in each half-bridge topology network.

[0078] As shown in Figure 10 , this is an embodiment of designing two half-bridge topology networks, Figure 10 The circuit schematic diagram of this embodiment is shown, in practice, the accelerating circuits (mainly accelerating coils) of each half-bridge topology network are staggered, for example Figure 10 , the accelerating coils L1, L2, L3, L4 are arranged in turn, or if a third half-bridge topology network is also included, which contains accelerating coils L5, L6, then the accelerating coils L1, L2, L5, L3, L4, L6 are arranged in turn, that is, the first stage accelerating circuits of each half-bridge topology network are arranged in turn, and then the second stage accelerating circuits of each half-bridge topology network are arranged in turn, and so on. Of course, it is also feasible to arrange them not strictly in order, as long as the accelerating coils of other half-bridge topology networks are arranged between adjacent accelerating coils in the same half-bridge topology network. The number of half-bridge topology networks and the number of accelerating circuits in each half-bridge topology network can be flexibly set, but preferably, the number of accelerating circuits in each half-bridge topology network is equal.

[0079] When designing multiple half-bridge topology networks, each half-bridge topology network needs to work alternately. As the simplest example, according to the order of arranging each accelerating coil, by controlling the corresponding half-bridge circuit and selection level switch, each accelerating coil is controlled to perform excitation, freewheeling, and energy recovery process in turn. For exampleFigure 10 In the embodiment shown, firstly, the accelerating coil L1 is controlled to perform the excitation, freewheeling, and energy recovery processes, then the accelerating coil L2 is controlled to perform the excitation, freewheeling, and energy recovery processes, and then the accelerating coils L3 and L4, and so on. Of course, the operation can also be performed in other sequences, for example, firstly, the accelerating coil L1 is controlled to perform the excitation, freewheeling, and energy recovery processes, then the accelerating coil L4 is controlled to perform the excitation, freewheeling, and energy recovery processes, and then the accelerating coils L3 and L2, as long as the accelerating coils of the same group of half-bridge topology networks are not controlled to perform continuously. In principle, each group of half-bridge topology networks is controlled to perform the three processes in the order of the arrangement of the group of half-bridge topology networks, that is, turning on the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 of the current group of half-bridge topology networks, turning on the primary accelerating circuit of the current group of half-bridge topology networks, turning off one of the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 of the current group of half-bridge topology networks after a first time, and turning off the remaining one of the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 of the current group of half-bridge topology networks after a second time. For each group of half-bridge topology networks, the operation is controlled in the order of the arrangement of the primary accelerating circuits in the group of half-bridge topology networks. In the embodiment, the order of the first group, the second group, and so on, and the order of the first level, the second level, and so on, is the order of the accelerating coils being turned on, which can be the same as the physical arrangement order or different from the physical arrangement order. That is, the half-bridge topology network of the first accelerating coil being turned on can be referred to as the first group, the half-bridge topology network of the second accelerating coil being turned on can be referred to as the second group, and so on. The accelerating circuit of the first accelerating coil being turned on can be referred to as the first level, the accelerating circuit of the second accelerating coil being turned on can be referred to as the second level, and so on. The accelerating circuit of the second accelerating coil being turned on can be the accelerating circuit arranged second in the physical order or the accelerating circuit arranged in another position. Of course, the order of the accelerating coils being turned on is preferably the same as the physical arrangement order.

[0080] Embodiment Three

[0081] As a solution to the problem of low switching frequency of the semiconductor switch with half-controlling capability, the embodiment provides another solution, and another half-bridge topology network is designed.

[0082] As shown in Figure 11 On the basis of the half-bridge topology structure of the electromagnetic gun designed in Embodiment One, the selection switch in each primary accelerating circuit in each group of half-bridge topology networks is replaced by a fully-controlled switch, and a protection circuit is connected (in parallel) to each accelerating coil in each primary accelerating circuit. In some embodiments, the protection circuit is formed by connecting a pressure-sensitive resistor and a diode in series, as shown in Figure 11As shown, taking a three-stage accelerating circuit contained in a half-bridge topology network as an example, the first-stage accelerating circuit adopts semiconductor switch Q3 as a selection switch, and a first-stage protection circuit composed of pressure-sensitive resistor RV1 and diode D3 in series is connected in parallel to accelerating coil L1 as a protection circuit of semiconductor switch Q3; similarly, the second-stage accelerating circuit adopts semiconductor switch Q4 as a selection switch, and a second-stage protection circuit composed of pressure-sensitive resistor RV2 and diode D4 in series is connected in parallel to accelerating coil L2, and the third-stage accelerating circuit adopts semiconductor switch Q5 as a selection switch, and a third-stage protection circuit composed of pressure-sensitive resistor RV3 and diode D5 in series is connected in parallel to accelerating coil L3, and semiconductor switches Q3, Q4 and Q5 are all fully-controlled switches. If more accelerating circuits are to be designed, they can be expanded in the same way, and pressure-sensitive resistors RV1, RV2, RV3……RVn (n is the number of stages of the accelerating circuits) are respectively connected in series with diodes D3, D4, D5……D(n+2) to be protection circuits of semiconductor switches Q3, Q4, Q5……Q(n+2) respectively. In this way, the selection switch can be turned off at any time, solving the problem of low switching frequency of half-controlled switches and reducing the control difficulty of the circuits at each stage.

[0083] The operation method of the half-bridge topology structure of the electromagnetic gun in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment One, i.e. sequentially controlling each stage of accelerating circuit to execute the processes of excitation, freewheeling and energy recovery. However, because the selection switch is a fully-controlled switch, the selection switch of the accelerating circuit at the third time after executing the energy recovery process needs to be actively turned off. That is, the following processes are executed in a loop according to the arrangement order of each stage of accelerating circuit: turn on semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2; turn on the selection switch of the current stage of accelerating circuit to control the accelerating coil of the current stage of accelerating circuit to execute the excitation process; after the first time, turn off one of semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 to control the accelerating coil to execute the freewheeling process; after the second time, turn off the remaining one of semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 to control the accelerating coil to execute the energy recovery process; and after the third time, turn off the selection switch of the current stage of accelerating circuit, and the energy recovery is completed, preparing for controlling the next stage of accelerating circuit.

[0084] In this embodiment, because the selection switch is no longer a half-controlled switch, the power capacity has decreased, but it is easy to control, making the adaptability of this topology better.

[0085] Embodiment Four

[0086] As a solution to the problem of low switching frequency of half-controlled semiconductor switches, this embodiment provides another solution, designing another half-bridge topology network.

[0087] The electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology structure comprises a main energy storage unit with polarity, and at least one group of half-bridge topology networks, each of which is connected to two ends of the main energy storage unit. The half-bridge topology network comprises a half-bridge circuit and at least one level of acceleration circuit.

[0088] The half-bridge circuit of the embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and also comprises two switch circuits, and the first switch circuit is the same in structure. Only the second switch circuit comprises only semiconductor switches. In addition, a freewheeling diode is connected between the acceleration coil and the selection switch of each level of acceleration circuit, and the diode is connected to the main energy storage unit. In this way, the selection switch (half-controlled switch) is no longer involved in the freewheeling and energy recovery processes, so that the idle time of the selection switch is longer.

[0089] The half-bridge topology network comprises a first switch circuit composed of a semiconductor switch Q1 and a diode D1 in series, and a second switch circuit composed of a semiconductor switch Q2; the first switch circuit (in the positive direction according to the conduction direction of the semiconductor switch Q1) is connected in parallel to the main energy storage unit; the second switch circuit (in the positive direction according to the conduction direction of the semiconductor switch Q2) is connected to the negative pole of the main energy storage unit, and the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 are all fully-controlled switches. The half-bridge topology network comprises at least one level of acceleration circuit, and each level of acceleration circuit comprises an acceleration coil and a selection switch connected in series, and the selection switch is a half-controlled switch. One end of each level of acceleration coil is connected between the semiconductor switch Q1 and the diode D1, and the other end of each acceleration coil is connected to the semiconductor switch Q2 through a selection switch. A diode is connected between the acceleration coil and the selection switch of each level of acceleration circuit, and the diode is connected to the positive pole of the main energy storage unit. In this way, the excitation process of the acceleration coil is controlled by the selection switch to be turned on, and in the freewheeling and energy recovery processes, the current on the acceleration coil directly flows out from the diode, and the selection switch is no longer involved in the two processes.

[0090] As Figure 12As shown, taking a set of half-bridge topology network containing three-stage accelerating circuit as an example, the first switch circuit is composed of a semiconductor switch Q1 and a diode D1 in series, and the semiconductor switch Q1 is connected to the positive pole of the main energy storage unit. The first-stage accelerating circuit of the half-bridge topology network is composed of an accelerating coil L1 and a selection switch U1 in series, the second-stage accelerating circuit is composed of an inductor L2 and a selection switch U2 in series, and the third-stage accelerating circuit is composed of an inductor L3 and a selection switch U3 in series. More (n-stage) accelerating circuits can also be connected in the same way, and each stage of the accelerating circuit is connected back to the negative pole of the main energy storage unit through a semiconductor switch Q2. In the first-stage accelerating circuit, between the accelerating coil L1 and the selection switch U1, the diode D2 is connected to the positive pole of the main energy storage unit; in the second-stage accelerating circuit, between the accelerating coil L2 and the selection switch U2, the diode D3 is connected to the positive pole of the main energy storage unit; in the third-stage accelerating circuit, between the accelerating coil L3 and the selection switch U3, the diode D4 is connected to the positive pole of the main energy storage unit, and more stages of diodes are designed in the same way. The design idea is that the selection switch is selected to turn on the accelerating circuit to determine which stage of the accelerating coil starts to perform the excitation process, and the diode of the accelerating circuit is used to exclude the selection switch from the freewheeling and energy recovery processes.

[0091] The electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology structure of the embodiment has the same operation method as that of the first embodiment, except that in the freewheeling process, the semiconductor switch Q1 is required to be turned on and the semiconductor switch Q2 is required to be turned off, instead of turning on any one and turning off the other one, so that the selection switch U1-Un no longer bears the freewheeling function and does not participate in the work in the freewheeling and energy recovery processes, and the selection switch has a longer idle time, which is beneficial to the performance recovery of the selection switch, and the requirement for the switching frequency is reduced, so that the center distance of the two coils can be closer, which is beneficial to the compactness of the accelerating structure and the miniaturization of the electromagnetic gun.

[0092] In detail, in the example, the operation process of the electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology structure is explained by taking a set of half-bridge topology network as an example, and the following processes are cyclically executed in the order of the arrangement of each stage of the accelerating circuit: turning on the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q1, when the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 are turned on, one of the selection switches U1, U2, U3, …, Un is also turned on, taking the turning on of Uk (k = 1, 2, …, n) as an example, and the main energy storage unit C1 supplies power to the corresponding accelerating coil Lk, which is the excitation process. Then the semiconductor switch Q2 is turned off, the semiconductor switch Q1 is kept on, the current on the accelerating coil Lk enters the freewheeling state through the diode D(k+1). Finally, the semiconductor switch Q1 is also turned off, and the accelerating coil Lk charges the main energy storage unit C1 through the diode D(k+1) and the diode D1, and the energy recovery is completed.

[0093] In general, in practical applications, the present application can exist in the form of individual weapon (electromagnetic gun) or various electromagnetic launching systems (such as aircraft launching), and the PCB technology is used to build control and discharge circuit, improve integration, cover all the electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology to the inside of the weapon, install multiple compactly arranged coils on the barrel, and integrate the main energy storage unit C1 on the acceleration structure or in the backpack as the energy temporary storage system to provide high-quality pulse current for the acceleration structure. The battery is used as the continuous energy source of the system, and the voltage of the battery is converted into the voltage suitable for the main energy storage unit C1 to store by the voltage boosting system. In addition, the high firing speed and controllable speed can be used to drive the living person or animal without injury.

[0094] The present application can also be applied to the kinetic energy weapon of shipborne or shore defense, and the kinetic energy weapon system with flexible rotation and low-inertia acceleration structure can be achieved by using the separable advantage of the acceleration structure and the energy storage structure, so as to hit the target fast, accurately and fiercely.

[0095] The present application is not limited to the foregoing specific embodiments. The present application extends to any novel one, or any new combination, of the characteristics disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel method or process disclosed in any of the steps or any new combination.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology, characterized in that, The main energy storage unit with polarity includes at least one group of half-bridge topology networks, each of which is connected to both ends of the main energy storage unit; The half-bridge topology network includes a half-bridge circuit and a multi-stage accelerating circuit; The half-bridge circuit includes a first switch circuit composed of a semiconductor switch Q1 and a diode D1 in series, and a second switch circuit composed of a semiconductor switch Q2 and a diode D2 in series, wherein the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 are all fully controlled switches; both ends of the two switch circuits are connected to the main energy storage unit; Each stage of the accelerating circuit includes an accelerating coil and a selection switch in series, and the selection switch is a semi-controlled switch; one end of each stage of the accelerating circuit is connected between the semiconductor switch Q1 and the diode D1, and the other end is connected between the semiconductor switch Q2 and the diode D2; The operation method of the electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology structure includes: The following processes are executed in the order of the arrangement of each stage of the accelerating circuit: Turn on the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2; Turn on the selection switch of the current stage of the accelerating circuit; After a first time, turn off one of the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2; After a second time, turn off the remaining one of the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2.

2. An electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology, characterized in that, The main energy storage unit with polarity includes at least one group of half-bridge topology networks, each of which is connected to both ends of the main energy storage unit; The half-bridge topology network includes a half-bridge circuit and at least one stage of the accelerating circuit; The half-bridge circuit includes a first switch circuit composed of a semiconductor switch Q1 and a diode D1 in series, and a second switch circuit composed of a semiconductor switch Q2 and a diode D2 in series, wherein the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 are all fully controlled switches; both ends of the two switch circuits are connected to the main energy storage unit; Each stage of the accelerating circuit includes an accelerating coil and a selection switch in series, and the selection switch is a semi-controlled switch; one end of each stage of the accelerating circuit is connected between the semiconductor switch Q1 and the diode D1, and the other end is connected between the semiconductor switch Q2 and the diode D2; The operation method of the electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology structure includes: The following processes are executed in the order of the arrangement of each stage of the accelerating circuit: Turn on the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2; Turn on the selection switch of the current stage of the accelerating circuit; After a first time, turn off one of the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2; After a second time, turn off the remaining one of the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2.

3. An electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology, characterized in that, The main energy storage unit with polarity includes at least one group of half-bridge topology networks, each of which is connected to both ends of the main energy storage unit; The half-bridge topology network includes a half-bridge circuit and a multi-stage accelerating circuit; The half-bridge circuit includes a first switch circuit composed of a semiconductor switch Q1 and a diode D1 in series, and a second switch circuit composed of a semiconductor switch Q2 and a diode D2 in series, wherein the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 are all fully controlled switches; both ends of the two switch circuits are connected to the main energy storage unit; Each stage of the accelerating circuit includes an accelerating coil, a stage selection switch connected in series with the accelerating coil, and a protection circuit connected in parallel with the accelerating coil, and the stage selection switch is a full-controlled switch; one end of each stage of the accelerating circuit is connected between the semiconductor switch Q1 and the diode D1, and the other end is connected between the semiconductor switch Q2 and the diode D2; The operation method of the electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology structure includes: In the order of arrangement of each stage of the accelerating circuit, the following processes are executed in a cycle: Turn on the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2; Turn on the stage selection switch of the current stage of the accelerating circuit; After a first time, turn off one of the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2; After a second time, turn off the remaining one of the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2; After a third time, turn off the stage selection switch of the current stage of the accelerating circuit.

4. An electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology, characterized in that, The main energy storage unit includes a polarity, and at least one group of half-bridge topology networks, each of which is connected to both ends of the main energy storage unit; The at least one group of half-bridge topology networks includes a half-bridge circuit and a plurality of stages of accelerating circuits; The half-bridge circuit includes a first switch circuit connected in series with the semiconductor switch Q1 and the diode D1, and a second switch circuit connected in series with the semiconductor switch Q2, and the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2 are full-controlled switches; both ends of the first switch circuit are connected to the main energy storage unit, and one end of the second switch circuit is connected to the end of the main energy storage unit opposite to the semiconductor switch Q1; Each stage of the accelerating circuit includes an accelerating coil and a stage selection switch connected in series, and the stage selection switch is a half-controlled switch; one end of each stage of the accelerating circuit is connected between the semiconductor switch Q1 and the diode D1, and the other end is connected to the other end of the semiconductor switch Q2; Between the accelerating coil and the stage selection switch of each stage of the accelerating circuit, a freewheeling diode is connected; The operation method of the electromagnetic gun half-bridge topology structure includes: In the order of arrangement of each stage of the accelerating circuit, the following processes are executed in a cycle: Turn on the semiconductor switches Q1 and Q2; Turn on the stage selection switch of the current stage of the accelerating circuit; After a first time, turn off the semiconductor switch Q2; After a second time, turn off the semiconductor switch Q1.

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