A buffer fishway for spillway of water conservancy project

Abstract

The present invention provides a buffer fishway for a water conservancy project spillway, which belongs to the technical field of water conservancy projects and solves technical problems such as the poor buffering effect of existing water flow. The buffer fishway for a water conservancy project spillway includes a fishway body, a migration chamber is provided inside the fishway body, and a plurality of buffer plates are fixed to the front and rear sides of the upper half of the migration chamber. The lower part of the migration chamber is rotatably connected to two drive rollers at both ends via a rotating shaft, a transmission belt is provided between the two drive rollers, and a plurality of speed reduction plates are fixed to the outer periphery of the transmission belt. A reduction gearbox is fixed to the outside of the fishway body, one of the rotating shafts is fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the reduction gearbox, and an impeller mechanism is provided at the input shaft end of the reduction gearbox. The present invention has the advantages of improving the buffering effect of the fishway and ensuring the safety of fish migration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of water conservancy projects and relates to a fishway, in particular to a buffer fishway for a spillway of a water conservancy project. Background Art

[0002] Spillways are flood control facilities of water conservancy projects to prevent dams from being destroyed. Water conservancy projects are generally built on rivers, so special buffer fishways are set up for fish migration.

[0003] Patent publication number CN214783730U discloses a fishway structure for a hydraulic engineering project, comprising a fishway body, which is elongated and has a water flow direction along its length. The fishway body includes first and second opposing sidewalls, and baffles evenly distributed along its length. The baffles include a first baffle connected to the first sidewall and a second baffle connected to the second sidewall, with a vertical slot formed between the first and second baffles for fish passage. The fishway body is provided with evenly spaced partitions located upstream of the baffles and opposite to the vertical slot. The partitions are parallel to the baffles and have a transverse slot formed between them. The distance between the partitions is less than the distance between the first and second baffles. This patent uses the baffles, first and second baffles to decelerate water flow, but these baffles, first and second baffles, cannot be raised or lowered, and their height cannot be adjusted. This makes it difficult to cope with high water flow rates and thus fails to achieve the desired deceleration effect.

[0004] Patent publication number CN 218116358 U discloses a fishway with a buffer for a water conservancy spillway. The fishway comprises a water trough, a bottom plate, a first buffer block, and a first lifting block. The bottom front of the trough is connected to the bottom plate, and the first buffer blocks are evenly spaced apart on the bottom plate. Each of the first lifting blocks is slidably mounted within the first buffer block. The first buffer block, first lifting block, second buffer block, and second lifting block of this device can reduce the water flow rate, allowing fish to swim smoothly. The heights of the first and second lifting blocks are adjustable to accommodate larger water flows.

[0005] Although the first lifting block and the second lifting block disclosed in the above patent can cope with a larger water flow by adjusting the height, they only use the baffle to passively receive the impact when buffering the water flow, thereby slowing down the water flow. However, when the water flows in a curved channel, its flow trajectory is fixed, and the impact on the baffle is not too large, and the buffering effect is poor, making it easy for fish to be washed down by the water flow and hit the buffer block due to exhaustion. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned problems in the existing technology and propose a buffer fishway for the spillway of a water conservancy project. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is: how to improve the buffering effect of the fishway and improve the safety of fish migration.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A buffer fishway for a spillway of a water conservancy project includes a fishway body, a migration chamber is opened inside the fishway body, a plurality of buffer plates are fixed on the front and rear sides of the upper half of the migration chamber, the lower part of the migration chamber is rotatably connected to drive rollers at both ends through a rotating shaft, a transmission belt is provided between the two drive rollers, a plurality of speed reduction plates are fixed on the outer periphery of the transmission belt, a reduction box is fixed on the outer side of the fishway body, one of the rotating shafts is fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the reduction box, and an impeller mechanism is provided on the input shaft end of the reduction box. The working principle of the present invention is: when in use, the fishway body is installed on the spillway at a certain inclination angle. When working, water flows into the fishway body through the water inlet of the fishway body, and the buffer plate is used to initially reduce the impact force of the water flow. At the same time, the water flow outside the fishway body will impact the impeller mechanism, so that the impeller mechanism and the reduction gear box drive the rotating shaft to rotate, and the rotating shaft drives the conveyor belt to rotate through the driving roller, so that the deceleration plate above the conveyor belt moves in the opposite direction of the water flow, so that the deceleration plate and the water flow are offset, thereby greatly reducing the flow rate of the water flow, so that the resistance of fish when passing through the fishway is small, ensuring that the fish can migrate safely.

[0009] The impeller mechanism includes a drive shaft fixedly connected to the input shaft end of a reduction gearbox. Several blades are fixed to the drive shaft, and a curved baffle is fixed to the reduction gearbox. The curved baffle is located on the upper left side of the blades. With this structure, during operation, water flows into the blades, causing the lower blades to rotate the drive shaft. The speed of the drive shaft is reduced by the reduction gearbox, thereby slowing the speed of the deceleration plate, preventing the deceleration plate from moving too quickly and causing damage to fish.

[0010] A speed control cylinder is fixed on the reduction box, and a plurality of fixed columns are fixed on the drive shaft. A sliding cavity is provided in the fixed columns, and a first spring is fixed inside the sliding cavity. A slide is fixed to the other end of the first spring, and a telescopic column is fixed to the other side of the slide. The other end of the telescopic column extends out of the sliding cavity and is fixed with a friction block, and the friction block contacts the inner wall of the speed control cylinder. With the above structure, since the speed of the water flow will vary, when the water flow speed is too fast, even if it is decelerated by the reduction box, the speed of the deceleration plate will be faster. Therefore, a speed control cylinder is provided. When the speed of the drive shaft increases, the friction block will contact the inner wall of the speed control cylinder under the action of the first spring and centrifugal force. The faster the speed, the greater the friction between the friction block and the speed control cylinder. Therefore, the friction between the friction block and the speed control cylinder is used to reduce the speed of the drive shaft, further improving the safety of the fish.

[0011] The front and rear side walls of the fishway body are each provided with a dodging cavity, and a plurality of dodging openings are provided on the dodging cavity, through which the dodging cavity is connected to the migration cavity. With the above structure, since the dodging cavity and the migration cavity are only connected through the smaller dodging opening, when water flows through the migration cavity, only a very small portion of the water flows into the dodging cavity, so that the water flow velocity in the dodging cavity tends to be stationary. When fish are exhausted from swimming in the migration cavity, they can enter the dodging cavity through the dodging opening, and can enter the migration cavity through the dodging opening to continue migrating after recovering their strength. This prevents the fish from colliding with the fishway under the impact of the water flow when they are exhausted, thereby protecting the fish.

[0012] The water outlet end of the fishway body is provided with a downward extending mechanism, which includes a lower extension box and an adjusting box. The lower extension box is fixedly connected to the fishway body, and an adjusting cavity is provided at the lower end of the lower extension box. The upper end of the adjusting box extends into the adjusting cavity. An adjusting mechanism is provided in the adjusting cavity, and the adjusting mechanism is connected to the adjusting box. A fish inlet is provided at the lower right end of the adjusting box, and a fish outlet is provided at the left side of the adjusting lower extension box. The fish outlet is connected to the migratory cavity, and a fish collecting box is provided at the lower inner end of the adjusting box. A winding mechanism is fixed at the upper inner end of the lower extension box, and a steel wire rope is provided on the winding mechanism. The lower end of the steel wire rope is fixedly connected to the fish collecting box, and a slide is provided on the inner wall of the lower extension box, and a slider is fixed in the slide. There is a U-shaped plate at the height of the slider, and the U-shaped plate conflicts with the fish outlet. A top rod is fixed at the upper end of the fish collecting box, and both left and right ends of the fish collecting box are opening structures, and an electric lifting door is provided in the opening. With the above structure, initially, the fish collection box is located at the lower end of the regulating box, and the U-shaped plate blocks the fish outlet, preventing water from flowing through the lower extension box and the regulating box. This slows the flow of water at the fish inlet, allowing fish to enter the fish collection box through the fish inlet on the regulating box. After a period of time, the fish collection box can be driven upward by the reeling mechanism, and the outer periphery of the fish collection box collides with the inner periphery of the lower extension box. When the upper end of the fish collection box collides with the lower end of the U-shaped plate, the U-shaped plate is pushed upward. When the opening of the fish collection box aligns with the fish outlet, the left electric lift door is opened to allow fish to enter the migration chamber. The reeling mechanism is then reversed, causing the fish collection box to descend, facilitating the next lifting of fish below. This structural arrangement can reduce the inclination angle of the fishway, ensuring effective migration. It can also be used when the water difference on both sides of the spillway is large, preventing the fishway from being too long due to the need to ensure that the fishway is within a certain inclination angle due to the large water difference, thereby reducing the difficulty of construction and the cost of use.

[0013] The U-shaped plate is fixed to an upper end of an inner periphery of the U-shaped plate, and a pull-down seat is formed on the lower side of the pull-down seat to cooperate with the push rod. A cavity is formed on both sides of the groove, and a telescopic rod is fixed inside the cavity. A limit plate is fixed to the other end of the telescopic rod, and a second spring is fixed between the limit plate and the cavity. A clamping block is fixed on the other side of the limit plate, and the clamping block extends into the groove. The upper and lower sides of the clamping block are inclined structures, and the push rod is provided with a bayonet to cooperate with the clamping block. With the above mechanism, when the push rod is raised, the push rod presses the lower inclined surface of the clamping block so that the clamping block can enter the clamping block. When the fish collection box is lowered, the push rod can be used to drive the U-shaped plate to lower. When the slider on the U-shaped plate moves to the lower end of the slide, the bayonet can press the upper inclined surface of the clamping block so that the clamping block can be disengaged from the bayonet. The arrangement of this structure can ensure that when the fish collection box is lowered, the U-shaped plate can also be smoothly lowered to close the fish outlet, preventing the U-shaped plate from being unable to properly close the fish outlet due to factors such as resistance.

[0014] A water outlet channel is fixed to the rear side of the water outlet end of the fishway body, and a water outlet is provided on the right side of the water outlet channel. The adjustment mechanism includes a first motor, a threaded rod is fixed to the output shaft end of the first motor, and a threaded cavity is provided at the upper end of the adjustment box, which is threadedly connected to the threaded rod. With this structure, during operation, the water flowing out of the fishway body can be aligned with the fish inlet at a different vertical plane, reducing the flow rate of the water near the fish inlet and ensuring that fish can enter the fish collection box smoothly.

[0015] A drive box is fixed above the water inlet end of the fishway body, and a V-shaped baffle is fixed to the lower side of the drive box. The front and rear sides of the V-shaped baffle form a water inlet channel with the water inlet end of the fishway body. A U-shaped mesh plate is fixed to the water inlet end of the fishway body, and the lower end of the U-shaped mesh plate forms a fish opening with the fishway body. With the above structure, the V-shaped baffle can be used to block debris such as stones. When the stones and other debris are diverted and directed to the two sides of the fishway body, the stones are prevented from entering the fishway body and causing damage to the fishway body and fish. The setting of the U-shaped mesh plate can block lightweight debris such as leaves that enter the fishway with the water flow, preventing them from entering the fishway and causing blockage.

[0016] A second motor is mounted within the drive box. A bidirectional screw is secured to the output shaft of the second motor. A lifting seat is threadedly connected to the bidirectional screw. A cleaning brush is secured to the lifting seat, which engages the U-shaped mesh. With this structure, the second motor can be used to rotate the bidirectional screw, which in turn drives the lifting seat to move the cleaning brush up and down, clearing debris from the U-shaped mesh and preventing it from becoming clogged and affecting water flow.

[0017] The driving box is rotatably connected to a transmission shaft, a driven pulley is fixed on the transmission shaft, a driving pulley is fixed on the bidirectional screw, the driven pulley and the driving pulley are connected by a belt, the upper end of the transmission shaft is fixed with a rotating disk, the upper outer periphery of the rotating disk is fixed with a connecting rod, the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the driving rod, the driving box is slidably connected to the water-passing mesh plate, the other end of the driving rod is rotatably connected to the water-passing mesh plate, the mesh diameter of the water-passing mesh plate is larger than the mesh diameter of the U-shaped mesh plate, a number of dredging rods are fixed on the water-passing mesh plate, the dredging rods correspond one to one to the mesh holes of the U-shaped mesh plate, a slide groove for the sliding of the water-passing mesh plate is provided on the lower side of the driving box, and sealing grooves are provided on the left and right sides of the slide groove, and sealing plates slidably connected to the sealing grooves are fixed on the left and right sides of the water-passing mesh plate.

[0018] With the above structure, when the second motor rotates, the driven pulley can be driven to rotate through the active pulley, the driven pulley can drive the rotating disk to rotate through the transmission shaft, and the rotating disk can drive the water-passing mesh plate to move back and forth left and right through the driving rod, so that the dredging rod can be inserted into the mesh holes of the U-shaped mesh plate at intervals to achieve dredging of the mesh holes, preventing some impurities from being stuck in the mesh holes and unable to be cleaned by the cleaning brush, thereby improving the cleaning effect of the U-shaped mesh plate.

[0019] Compared with the existing technology, the buffer fishway for the spillway of this water conservancy project has the following advantages:

[0020] 1. When in use, the fishway body is installed on the spillway at a certain inclination angle. When working, water flows into the fishway body through the water inlet of the fishway body, and the buffer plate is used to initially reduce the impact force of the water flow. At the same time, the water flow outside the fishway body will impact the impeller mechanism, so that the impeller mechanism and the reduction gear box drive the shaft to rotate, and the shaft drives the conveyor belt to rotate through the drive roller, so that the deceleration plate above the conveyor belt moves in the opposite direction of the water flow, so that the deceleration plate and the water flow are offset, thereby greatly reducing the flow rate of the water flow, so that the resistance of fish when passing through the fishway is small, ensuring that fish can migrate safely.

[0021] 2. The setting of the speed control cylinder. When the speed of the drive shaft increases, the friction block will come into contact with the inner wall of the speed control cylinder under the action of the first spring and centrifugal force. The faster the speed, the greater the friction between the friction block and the speed control cylinder. The friction between the friction block and the speed control cylinder is used to reduce the speed of the drive shaft, further improving the safety of the fish.

[0022] 3. The setting of the escape cavity. When the fish is exhausted while swimming in the migratory cavity, it can enter the escape cavity through the escape mouth. After recovering its strength, it can enter the migratory cavity through the escape mouth to migrate. This prevents the fish from colliding with the fishway under the impact of the water flow when it is exhausted, thereby protecting the fish.

[0023] 4. The V-shaped baffle can be used to block stones and other debris. When the stones and other debris are diverted to the two sides of the fishway body, the stones are prevented from entering the fishway body and causing damage to the fishway body and fish.

[0024] 5. The setting of the lower extension mechanism: Initially, the fish collection box is located at the lower end of the regulating box. The U-shaped plate blocks the fish outlet, preventing water from flowing through the lower extension box and the regulating box. This slows the flow of water at the fish inlet, allowing fish to enter the fish collection box through the fish inlet on the regulating box. After a period of time, the reeling mechanism can drive the fish collection box upward. The outer periphery of the fish collection box collides with the inner periphery of the lower extension box. When the upper end of the fish collection box collides with the lower end of the U-shaped plate, the U-shaped plate is pushed upward. When the opening of the fish collection box aligns with the fish outlet, the left electric lift door is opened, allowing fish to enter the migration chamber. The reeling mechanism is then reversed, causing the fish collection box to descend, facilitating the next lifting of fish below. The setting of this structure can reduce the inclination angle of the fishway to ensure effective migration. It can also be used when the water difference on both sides of the spillway is large, preventing the large water difference from causing the fishway to be too long due to the need to ensure that the fishway is within a certain inclination angle, thereby reducing the difficulty of construction and the cost of use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fishway body in the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the impeller mechanism in the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the elastic component in the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the downward extending mechanism in the present invention.

[0030] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fish collecting box in the present invention.

[0031] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the pull-down seat in the present invention.

[0032] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the dirt blocking part of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 9 It is a cross-sectional view of the dirt-blocking part of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drive box in the present invention

[0035] In the figure, 1, fishway body; 2, migratory cavity; 3, buffer plate; 4, driving roller; 5, conveyor belt; 6, deceleration plate; 7, escape port; 8, water outlet channel; 9, lowering mechanism; 10, driving box; 11, V-shaped baffle; 12, bidirectional screw; 13, lifting seat; 14, cleaning brush; 15, U-shaped mesh plate; 16, water-passing mesh plate; 17, dredging rod; 18, escape cavity; 19, water outlet; 20, reduction box; 21, speed control cylinder; 22, driving shaft; 23, blade; 24, arc baffle; 26, friction block; 27, fixed column; 28, telescopic column; 29, first spring; 30, slide plate; 31, lower extension box; 32, Fish outlet; 33. Adjustment box; 34. First motor; 35. Threaded rod; 36. Fish inlet; 37. Fish collecting box; 38. Push rod; 39. U-shaped plate; 40. Slide; 41. Slider; 42. Pull-down seat; 43. Winding mechanism; 44. Wire rope; 45. Electric lifting door; 46. Bayonet; 47. Cavity; 48. Telescopic rod; 49. Second spring; 50. Limit plate; 51. Block; 52. Second motor; 53. Active pulley; 54. Transmission shaft; 55. Driven pulley; 56. Belt; 57. Rotating disk; 58. Connecting rod; 59. Drive rod; 60. Slide; 61. Sealing groove; 62. Sealing plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings to further describe the technical solutions of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0037] like Figures 1-10 As shown, the buffer fishway for the spillway of this water conservancy project includes a fishway body 1, a migration chamber 2 is opened inside the fishway body 1, and a plurality of buffer plates 3 are fixed on the front and rear sides of the upper half of the migration chamber 2. The lower part of the migration chamber 2 is rotatably connected to drive rollers 4 at both ends through a rotating shaft, a transmission belt 5 is arranged between the two drive rollers 4, and a plurality of speed reduction plates 6 are fixed on the outer periphery of the transmission belt 5. A reduction box 20 is fixed on the outside of the fishway body 1, one of the rotating shafts is fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the reduction box 20, and the input shaft end of the reduction box 20 is provided with an impeller mechanism. When in use, the fishway body 1 is installed on the spillway at a certain inclination angle. When working, water flows into the fishway body 1 through the water inlet of the fishway body 1, and the buffer plate 3 is used to initially reduce the impact force of the water flow. At the same time, the water flow outside the fishway body 1 will impact the impeller mechanism, thereby using the impeller mechanism and the reduction gear box 20 to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, and the rotating shaft drives the conveyor belt 5 to rotate through the drive roller 4, so that the deceleration plate 6 above the conveyor belt 5 moves in the opposite direction of the water flow, so that the deceleration plate 6 and the water flow are offset, thereby greatly reducing the flow rate of the water flow, so that the resistance of fish when passing through the fishway is small, ensuring that the fish can migrate safely.

[0038] The impeller mechanism includes a drive shaft 22, which is fixedly connected to the input shaft end of the reduction gearbox 20. Several blades 23 are fixed to the drive shaft 22. A curved baffle 24 is fixed to the reduction gearbox 20 and is located on the upper left side of the blades 23. With this structure, during operation, water flows into the blades 23, causing the lower blades 23 to rotate the drive shaft 22. The speed of the drive shaft 22 is reduced by the reduction gearbox 20, thereby slowing the speed of the deceleration plate 6. This prevents the deceleration plate 6 from moving too quickly and causing damage to fish.

[0039] A speed control cylinder 21 is fixed to the reduction gearbox 20, and a plurality of fixed columns 27 are fixed to the drive shaft 22. A sliding cavity is defined within the fixed columns 27, within which a first spring 29 is fixed. A slide plate 30 is fixed to the other end of the first spring 29. A telescopic column 28 is fixed to the other side of the slide plate 30. The other end of the telescopic column 28 extends out of the sliding cavity and is fixed to a friction block 26. The friction block 26 abuts against the inner wall of the speed control cylinder 21. With the above structure, since the speed of the water flow varies, when the water flow speed is too fast, even if the speed reduction gearbox 20 is used to reduce the speed, the speed of the deceleration plate 6 will increase. Therefore, the speed control cylinder 21 is provided. When the speed of the drive shaft 22 increases, the friction block 26, under the action of the first spring 29 and centrifugal force, abuts against the inner wall of the speed control cylinder 21. The faster the speed, the greater the friction between the friction block 26 and the speed control cylinder 21. Therefore, the friction between the friction block 26 and the speed control cylinder 21 is used to reduce the speed of the drive shaft 22, further improving the safety of the fish.

[0040] The front and rear side walls of the fishway body 1 are each provided with a dodging cavity 18, and a plurality of dodging openings 7 are provided on the dodging cavity 18. The dodging cavity 18 is connected to the migratory cavity 2 through the dodging openings 7. With the above structure, since the dodging cavity 18 and the migratory cavity 2 are only connected through the smaller dodging openings 7, when the water flows through the migratory cavity 2, only a very small part of the water flows into the dodging cavity 18, so that the flow velocity of the water in the dodging cavity 18 tends to be stationary. When the fish swims in the migratory cavity 2 and becomes exhausted, they can enter the dodging cavity 18 through the dodging openings 7. After recovering their strength, they can enter the migratory cavity 2 through the dodging openings 7 to migrate. This prevents the fish from colliding with the fishway under the impact of the water flow when they are exhausted, thereby protecting the fish.

[0041] The outlet end of the fishway body 1 is provided with a downward extension mechanism 9, which includes a downward extension box 31 and an adjustment box 33. The downward extension box 31 is fixedly connected to the fishway body 1. The lower end of the downward extension box 31 is provided with an adjustment cavity. The upper end of the adjustment box 33 extends into the adjustment cavity. The adjustment cavity is provided with an adjustment mechanism, which is connected to the adjustment box 33. The lower right end of the adjustment box 33 is provided with a fish inlet 36. The left side of the adjustment lower extension box 31 is provided with a fish outlet 32. The fish outlet 32 ​​is connected to the migratory cavity 2. The lower inner end of the adjustment box 33 is provided with a fish inlet 36. A fish collecting box 37 is provided, and a winding mechanism 43 is fixed to the upper end of the inner part of the lower extension box 31. A steel wire rope 44 is provided on the winding mechanism 43. The lower end of the steel wire rope 44 is fixedly connected to the fish collecting box 37. A slide 40 is provided on the inner wall of the lower extension box 31. A slider 41 is fixed in the slide 40. A U-shaped plate 39 is provided at a height on the slider 41. The U-shaped plate 39 conflicts with the fish outlet 32. A top rod 38 is fixed to the upper end of the fish collecting box 37. The left and right ends of the fish collecting box 37 are both open structures, and an electric lifting door 45 is provided in the opening. With the above structure, initially, the fish collecting box 37 is located at the lower end of the regulating box 33, and the U-shaped plate 39 closes the fish outlet 32 ​​to prevent water from flowing through the lower extension box 31 and the regulating box 33, thereby making the water flow at the fish inlet 36 relatively slow, and fish can enter the fish collecting box 37 through the fish inlet 36 on the regulating box 33. Every once in a while, the fish collecting box 37 can be driven to rise by the winding mechanism 43, and the outer periphery of the fish collecting box 37 conflicts with the inner periphery of the lower extension box 31. When the upper end of the fish collecting box 37 conflicts with the lower end of the U-shaped plate 39, the U-shaped plate 39 is pushed up. After the opening of the fish collecting box 37 corresponds to the fish outlet 32, the electric lifting door 45 on the left is opened to allow the fish to enter the migration chamber 2, and then the winding mechanism 43 is reversed to lower the fish collecting box 37, so as to facilitate the next lifting of the fish below. The setting of this structure can make the inclination angle of the fishway smaller, ensuring the effect of migration, and can also be used when the water difference on both sides of the spillway is large, to prevent the water difference from being large, and the length of the fishway being too long due to the need to ensure that the fishway is within a certain inclination angle, thereby reducing the difficulty of construction and reducing the cost of use.

[0042] A pull-down seat 42 is fixed to the upper end of the inner periphery of the U-shaped plate 39, and a groove cooperating with the push rod 38 is provided on the lower side of the pull-down seat 42. A cavity 47 is provided on the left and right sides of the groove. A telescopic rod 48 is fixed inside the cavity 47, and a limit plate 50 is fixed to the other end of the telescopic rod 48. A second spring 49 is fixed between the limit plate 50 and the cavity 47. A clamping block 51 is fixed to the other side of the limit plate 50, and the clamping block 51 extends into the groove. The upper and lower sides of the clamping block 51 are both inclined structures, and a bayonet 46 cooperating with the clamping block 51 is provided on the push rod 38. With the above mechanism, when the push rod 38 rises, the push rod 38 squeezes the lower inclined surface of the block 51, so that the block 51 can enter the block 51. When the fish collecting box 37 descends, the push rod 38 can be used to drive the U-shaped plate 39 to descend. When the slider 41 on the U-shaped plate 39 moves to the lower end of the slide 40, the bayonet 46 can squeeze the upper inclined surface of the block 51, so that the block 51 disengages from the bayonet 46. The setting of this structure can ensure that when the fish collecting box 37 descends, the U-shaped plate 39 can also descend smoothly to close the fish outlet 32, preventing the U-shaped plate 39 from failing to close the fish outlet 32 ​​normally due to factors such as resistance.

[0043] A water outlet channel 8 is fixed to the rear side of the outlet end of the fishway body 1, with a water outlet 19 located to the right of the water outlet channel 8. The regulating mechanism includes a first motor 34, a threaded rod 35 fixed to the output shaft of the first motor 34, and a threaded cavity is provided at the upper end of the regulating box 33, which is threadedly connected to the threaded rod 35. This structure ensures that the water flowing out of the fishway body 1 and the fish inlet 36 are not aligned on the same vertical plane during operation, reducing the flow rate near the fish inlet 36 and ensuring that fish can smoothly enter the fish collection box 37.

[0044] A drive box 10 is fixed above the water inlet end of the fishway body 1, and a V-shaped baffle 11 is fixed to the lower side of the drive box 10. The front and rear sides of the V-shaped baffle 11 form a water inlet channel with the water inlet end of the fishway body 1. A U-shaped mesh plate 15 is fixed to the water inlet end of the fishway body 1, and the lower end of the U-shaped mesh plate 15 forms a fish passage with the fishway body 1. With the above structure, the V-shaped baffle 11 can be used to block debris such as stones. When the stones and other debris are diverted and directed to the two sides of the fishway body 1, the stones are prevented from entering the fishway body 1 and causing damage to the fishway body 1 and the fish. The setting of the U-shaped mesh plate 15 can block lightweight debris such as leaves that enter the fishway with the water flow, preventing them from entering the fishway and causing blockage.

[0045] A second motor 52 is mounted within the drive box 10. A bidirectional screw 12 is secured to the output shaft of the second motor 52. A lifting base 13 is threadedly connected to the bidirectional screw 12. A cleaning brush 14 is secured to the lifting base 13, and the cleaning brush 14 contacts the U-shaped mesh 15. With this structure, the second motor 52 can rotate the bidirectional screw 12, which in turn causes the lifting base 13 to move the cleaning brush 14 up and down, clearing debris from the U-shaped mesh 15 and preventing it from becoming clogged and affecting the water flow.

[0046] The drive box 10 is internally connected to a transmission shaft 54, on which a driven pulley 55 is fixed, and a driving pulley 53 is fixed on the bidirectional screw 12. The driven pulley 55 and the driving pulley 53 are connected by a belt 56. A rotating disk 57 is fixed on the upper end of the transmission shaft 54, and a connecting rod 58 is fixed on the upper periphery of the rotating disk 57. A driving rod 59 is rotatably connected to the connecting rod 58. The water-passing mesh plate 16 is slidably connected to the drive box 10. The other end of the driving rod 59 is connected to the water-passing mesh plate 16. The end is rotatably connected to the water-passing mesh plate 16. The mesh diameter of the water-passing mesh plate 16 is larger than the mesh diameter of the U-shaped mesh plate 15. A number of dredging rods 17 are fixed on the water-passing mesh plate 16. The dredging rods 17 correspond one-to-one to the meshes of the U-shaped mesh plate 15. A slide 60 for sliding the water-passing mesh plate 16 is provided on the lower side of the drive box 10. A sealing groove 61 is provided on both sides of the slide 60. A sealing plate 62 slidably connected to the sealing groove 61 is fixed on the left and right sides of the water-passing mesh plate 16.

[0047] With the above structure, when the second motor 52 rotates, the driven pulley 55 can be driven to rotate through the active pulley 53, and the driven pulley 55 can drive the rotating disk 57 to rotate through the transmission shaft 54. The rotating disk 57 drives the water-passing mesh plate 16 to move back and forth left and right through the driving rod 59, so that the dredging rod 17 can be inserted into the mesh holes of the U-shaped mesh plate 15 at intervals to achieve dredging of the mesh holes, prevent some impurities from being stuck in the mesh holes and unable to be cleaned by the cleaning brush, thereby improving the cleaning effect of the U-shaped mesh plate 15.

[0048] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: when in use, the fishway body 1 is installed on the spillway at a certain inclination angle, and then the first motor 34 is turned on. The first motor 34 drives the threaded rod 35 to rotate, so that the regulating box 33 is raised and lowered, thereby adjusting the height of the regulating box 33 according to the water flow drop. When working, the V-shaped baffle 11 is used to block stones and other debris. When stones and other debris are diverted and directed to the two sides of the fishway body 1, the stones are prevented from entering the fishway body 1 and causing damage to the fishway body 1 and the fish. The U-shaped mesh plate 15 can be used to block light debris such as leaves that enter with the water flow. The second motor 52 is turned on to drive the bidirectional screw 12 to rotate, so that the lifting seat 13 drives the cleaning brush 14 to move up and down to clean the debris on the U-shaped mesh plate 15, and prevent the U-shaped mesh plate 15 from being blocked by debris and affecting the water flow effect. At the same time, the active pulley 53 drives the driven pulley 55 to rotate, and the driven pulley 55 drives the rotating disk 57 to rotate through the transmission shaft 54. The rotating disk 57 drives the water-passing mesh plate 16 to move back and forth left and right through the driving rod 59, thereby dredging. The rod 17 can be inserted into the mesh of the U-shaped mesh plate 15 at intervals to achieve dredging of the mesh and prevent some impurities from being stuck in the mesh and unable to be cleaned by the cleaning brush. Then the water flows into the fishway body 1 through the water inlet of the fishway body 1, and the buffer plate 3 is used to initially reduce the impact force of the water flow. At the same time, the water flow outside the fishway body 1 will impact the impeller mechanism, and the blades 23 below drive the drive shaft 22 to rotate. The drive shaft 22 reduces the speed through the reduction box 20, and the shaft drives the conveyor belt 5 to rotate through the drive roller 4, so that the speed reduction plate 6 above the conveyor belt 5 Moving in the opposite direction of the water flow, the speed reduction plate 6 and the water flow are counteracted, thereby greatly reducing the flow rate of the water flow, making the resistance of fish smaller when passing through the fishway, ensuring that the fish can migrate safely. When the speed of the drive shaft 22 increases, the friction block 26 will conflict with the inner wall of the speed control cylinder 21 under the action of the first spring 29 and the centrifugal force. The faster the speed, the greater the friction between the friction block 26 and the speed control cylinder 21. The friction between the friction block 26 and the speed control cylinder 21 is used to reduce the speed of the drive shaft 22, further improving the safety of the fish.Initially, the fish collecting box 37 is located at the lower end of the regulating box 33, and the U-shaped plate 39 closes the fish outlet 32 ​​to prevent water from flowing through the lower extension box 31 and the regulating box 33, thereby making the water flow at the fish inlet 36 slow, and fish can enter the fish collecting box 37 through the fish inlet 36 on the regulating box 33. Every once in a while, the fish collecting box 37 can be driven to rise by the winding mechanism 43, and the outer periphery of the fish collecting box 37 conflicts with the inner periphery of the lower extension box 31. When the upper end of the fish collecting box 37 conflicts with the lower end of the U-shaped plate 39, the U-shaped plate 39 is pushed up. After the opening of the fish channel 7 aligns with the fish outlet 32, the left electric lift door 45 is opened to allow the fish to enter the migration chamber 2. The reeling mechanism 43 is then reversed, causing the fish collection box 37 to descend, facilitating the next lifting of the fish below. This structure allows the fishway to have a smaller inclination angle, ensuring effective migration. It can also be used when there is a large water difference on both sides of the spillway, preventing the fishway from being too long due to the need to ensure that the fishway is within a certain inclination angle due to the large water difference, thereby reducing the difficulty of construction and the cost of use.

[0049] In summary, by providing the conveyor belt 5, the speed brake and other structures, the buffering effect on the fishway is improved, and the function of ensuring the safety of fish migration is improved.

[0050] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the present invention. Persons skilled in the art may make various modifications, additions, or substitutions to the described specific embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention or exceeding the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A buffer fishway for a spillway of a water conservancy project, comprising a fishway body (1), characterized in that: The fishway body (1) is provided with a migration chamber (2) inside, and a plurality of buffer plates (3) are fixed to the front and rear sides of the upper half of the migration chamber (2). The lower part of the migration chamber (2) is rotatably connected to driving rollers (4) at both ends via a rotating shaft, a transmission belt (5) is provided between the two driving rollers (4), and a plurality of speed reduction plates (6) are fixed to the outer periphery of the transmission belt (5). A reduction gear box (20) is fixed to the outer side of the fishway body (1), one of the rotating shafts is fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the reduction gear box (20), and an impeller mechanism is provided at the input shaft end of the reduction gear box (20); The fishway body (1) is provided with a downward extension mechanism (9) at the water outlet end. The downward extension mechanism (9) includes a downward extension box (31) and an adjustment box (33). The downward extension box (31) is fixedly connected to the fishway body (1). The downward extension box (31) is provided with an adjustment cavity at the lower end. The upper end of the adjustment box (33) extends into the adjustment cavity. The adjustment mechanism is provided in the adjustment cavity. The adjustment mechanism is connected to the adjustment box (33). A fish inlet (36) is provided at the lower right end of the adjustment box (33). A fish outlet (32) is provided at the left side of the downward extension box (31). The fish outlet (32) is communicated with the migratory cavity (2). The lower inner end of the adjustment box (33) is provided with a fish inlet (36). A fish collecting box (37) is provided. A winding mechanism (43) is fixed to the upper end of the lower extension box (31). A steel wire rope (44) is provided on the winding mechanism (43). The lower end of the steel wire rope (44) is fixedly connected to the fish collecting box (37). A slideway (40) is provided on the inner wall of the lower extension box (31). A slider (41) is fixed in the slideway (40). A U-shaped plate (39) is provided on the slider (41). The U-shaped plate (39) contacts the fish outlet (32). A top rod (38) is fixed to the upper end of the fish collecting box (37). Both left and right ends of the fish collecting box (37) are open structures, and an electric lifting door (45) is provided in the opening.

2. The buffer fishway for a water conservancy project spillway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impeller mechanism includes a drive shaft (22), the drive shaft (22) is fixedly connected to the input shaft end of the reduction box (20), a plurality of blades (23) are fixed on the drive shaft (22), and an arc-shaped baffle (24) is fixed on the reduction box (20), and the arc-shaped baffle (24) is located on the upper left half of the blade (23).

3. The buffer fishway for a water conservancy project spillway according to claim 2, characterized in that: A speed control cylinder (21) is fixed on the reduction box (20), and a plurality of fixed columns (27) are fixed on the drive shaft (22). A sliding cavity is provided in the fixed column (27), and a first spring (29) is fixed inside the sliding cavity. A slide plate (30) is fixed to the other end of the first spring (29), and a telescopic column (28) is fixed to the other side of the slide plate (30). The other end of the telescopic column (28) extends out of the sliding cavity and is fixed with a friction block (26), and the friction block (26) contacts the inner wall of the speed control cylinder (21).

4. The buffer fishway for a water conservancy project spillway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front and rear side walls of the fishway body (1) are both provided with a dodging cavity (18), a plurality of dodging openings (7) are provided on the dodging cavity (18), and the dodging cavity (18) is connected to the migratory cavity (2) through the dodging openings (7).

5. The buffer fishway for a water conservancy project spillway according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pull-down seat (42) is fixed to the upper end of the inner periphery of the U-shaped plate (39), and a groove cooperating with the top rod (38) is provided on the lower side of the pull-down seat (42). A cavity (47) is provided on both the left and right sides of the groove. A telescopic rod (48) is fixed inside the cavity (47), and a limiting plate (50) is fixed to the other end of the telescopic rod (48). A second spring (49) is fixed between the limiting plate (50) and the cavity (47). A clamping block (51) is fixed to the other side of the limiting plate (50), and the clamping block (51) extends into the groove. The upper and lower sides of the clamping block (51) are both inclined structures. A bayonet (46) cooperating with the clamping block (51) is provided on the top rod (38).

6. The buffer fishway for a spillway of a water conservancy project according to claim 5, characterized in that: A water outlet channel (8) is fixed to the rear side of the water outlet end of the fishway body (1), and a water outlet (19) is provided on the right side of the water outlet channel (8). The regulating mechanism includes a first motor (34), a threaded rod (35) is fixed to the output shaft end of the first motor (34), and a threaded cavity is provided at the upper end of the regulating box (33), and the threaded cavity is threadedly connected to the threaded rod (35).

7. The buffer fishway for a water conservancy spillway according to claim 1, characterized in that: A driving box (10) is fixed above the water inlet end of the fishway body (1), a V-shaped baffle (11) is fixed to the lower side of the driving box (10), and the front and rear sides of the V-shaped baffle (11) and the water inlet end of the fishway body (1) form a water inlet channel. A U-shaped mesh plate (15) is fixed to the water inlet end of the fishway body (1), and a fish opening is formed between the lower end of the U-shaped mesh plate (15) and the fishway body (1).

8. The buffer fishway for a water conservancy project spillway according to claim 7, characterized in that: A second motor (52) is provided in the drive box (10), a bidirectional screw (12) is fixed to the output shaft end of the second motor (52), a lifting seat (13) is threadedly connected to the bidirectional screw (12), a cleaning brush (14) is fixed to the lifting seat (13), and the cleaning brush (14) is in conflict with the U-shaped mesh plate (15).

9. The buffer fishway for a water conservancy project spillway according to claim 8, characterized in that: The drive box (10) is internally connected to a transmission shaft (54), a driven pulley (55) is fixed on the transmission shaft (54), a driving pulley (53) is fixed on the bidirectional screw (12), the driven pulley (55) and the driving pulley (53) are connected by a belt (56), a rotating disk (57) is fixed on the upper end of the transmission shaft (54), a connecting rod (58) is fixed on the upper periphery of the rotating disk (57), a driving rod (59) is rotatably connected to the connecting rod (58), a water screen (16) is slidably connected to the drive box (10), and the driving rod (59) is connected to the water screen (16). ) is rotatably connected to the water mesh plate (16), the mesh diameter of the water mesh plate (16) is larger than the mesh diameter of the U-shaped mesh plate (15), and a plurality of dredging rods (17) are fixed on the water mesh plate (16), and the dredging rods (17) correspond to the mesh of the U-shaped mesh plate (15) one by one. A chute (60) for sliding the water mesh plate (16) is provided on the lower side of the drive box (10), and a sealing groove (61) is provided on both sides of the chute (60). A sealing plate (62) slidably connected to the sealing groove (61) is fixed on the left and right sides of the water mesh plate (16).

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