Visual testing apparatus and methods for studying the interaction between grouting and fracture morphology

Abstract

This invention discloses a visualization testing device and method for studying the interaction between grouting and fracture morphology, relating to the technical field of simulated rock mass grouting equipment. The device includes: an observation model comprising two transparent plates, each with multiple explosive particles on one side, each containing a fluorescent solution, forming a grouting channel between the explosive particles on the two transparent plates; an observation platform on which the observation model is placed; a monitoring module for monitoring the fluorescent solution flowing out after the explosive particles burst; a grouting module connected to the inlet of the grouting channel for injecting grout into the channel; a collection module connected to the outlet of the grouting channel; and a control module electrically connected to both the monitoring and grouting modules. This invention can clearly observe the influence of grout erosion on fracture surface morphology, and obtain the influence of fracture surface morphology on grout seepage characteristics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of simulated rock mass grouting equipment technology, and in particular to a visualization testing device and method for studying the interaction between grouting and fracture morphology. Background Technology

[0002] Natural rock masses, formed over long geological processes, possess numerous internal fissures and high permeability, serving as primary transport channels for groundwater. Groundwater activity is a significant factor threatening construction safety and causing engineering defects. Engineering practice has proven that grouting is a widely used and important method for repairing fissured rock masses, preventing water infiltration, and improving the stability of the surrounding rock.

[0003] Grout flows through rock fissures or pores. Due to the different fissure and pore distribution characteristics of the rock mass structure, the grout seepage modes and pathways vary, resulting in different grouting effects. Generally, due to geological and environmental processes, the structural surfaces of rock masses and the surfaces of rock fractures in nature are rough. For actual grouting projects, the channeling effect caused by the uneven characteristics (roughness) of the fissure surface affects the grout penetration process. However, grouting projects are highly concealed, and the surface of natural fissures is rough and undulating, with diverse geometric morphologies and complex composition of protrusions. Therefore, high-precision indoor model tests are urgently needed for visualization studies.

[0004] In natural rock masses, fracture surfaces often develop weathering layers over long periods of time. These weathering layers are characterized by low strength and easy deformation. In actual grouting projects, due to the grouting process, the grout passes through the weathering layer on the fracture surface, altering the surface morphology of the fracture and, in turn, changing the seepage characteristics of the grout.

[0005] However, during the grouting experiment, it is difficult to observe the influence of the grout on the surface morphology of the cracks and the influence of the surface morphology on the grout flow.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a visual testing device and method for studying the interaction between grouting and fracture morphology, in order to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a visual testing device and method for studying the interaction between grouting and fracture morphology, which solves the technical problems existing in the prior art and can simultaneously observe the influence of grout on fracture surface morphology and the influence of surface morphology on grout flow.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0009] This invention discloses a visualization testing device for studying the interaction between grouting and fracture morphology, comprising:

[0010] An observation model is provided, comprising two transparent plates, each with multiple explosive particles on one side, each explosive particle containing a fluorescent solution, and a grouting channel formed between the explosive particles on the two transparent plates.

[0011] An observation platform, on which the observation model is placed;

[0012] The monitoring module is used to monitor the fluorescent solution that flows out after the explosive particles explode.

[0013] The grouting module is connected to the grout inlet of the grouting channel and is used to grout the grouting channel.

[0014] A collection module, which is connected to the grout outlet of the grouting channel;

[0015] The control module, the monitoring module and the grouting module are both electrically connected to the control module.

[0016] Preferably, the transparent plate is optical glass;

[0017] The outer shell of the explosive particles is made of a mixture of sodium alginate and calcium chloride.

[0018] Preferably, the monitoring module includes a camera and a pressure sensor. The camera is positioned above the observation model, and two pressure sensors are provided, which are respectively located at the grout inlet and grout outlet of the grouting channel.

[0019] Preferably, the grouting module includes a conversion piston, with a water injection chamber and a grouting chamber on both sides of the piston body inside the conversion piston. The water injection chamber is connected to a water injection pipeline, and a plunger pump is installed on the water injection pipeline. The grouting chamber is connected to a grouting pipeline, and an electrically controlled valve is installed on the grouting pipeline.

[0020] Preferably, the collection module includes a waste liquid collection pipeline, one end of which is connected to the slurry outlet, and the other end of which is connected to a waste liquid collection container.

[0021] Preferably, the control module includes a computer and a display.

[0022] Preferably, a connecting block is fixed at the grout inlet and the grout outlet of the observation model, and each connecting block is provided with a grouting groove and a connecting port. The two connecting ports can be connected to the grouting module and the collection module respectively, and the two grouting grooves can be connected to the grout inlet and the grout outlet respectively.

[0023] Preferably, a sealing plate is fixed on each side of the observation model.

[0024] Preferably, the observation model is fixed to the observation platform by a fixed frame.

[0025] This invention also discloses a testing method based on the above-mentioned visualization testing device for studying the interaction between grouting and fracture morphology, comprising the following steps:

[0026] S1. Preparation of non-Newtonian fluid slurry;

[0027] S2, Making explosive pellets;

[0028] S3. Create an observation model. Use a 3D laser scanner to extract the rough surface of the real rock mass fissures. Use MATLAB software to extract the point cloud data of the fissure surface. Evenly stack explosive particles on a transparent plate. Use adhesive to bond the explosive particles together. After curing, use surface engraving technology to engrave the surface shape of the fissure according to the surface point cloud data. Clean the fluorescent solution that flowed out due to the particle breakage caused by the engraving.

[0029] S4. Conduct the test by injecting the grout from the grouting module into the observation model. As the grout enters the grouting channel in the observation model, it washes over the blasting particles, causing them to break and the fluorescent solution in the particles to flow out. The monitoring module monitors the flow and transmits the data to the control module. The grout flowing out of the observation model enters the collection module for collection.

[0030] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art:

[0031] This invention utilizes an observation model to accurately simulate the rough surface of real rock mass fractures, thereby simulating the impact of grout on them. A camera can clearly observe the effect of grout erosion on rock mass fractures, and the relevant data is transmitted to the control module for subsequent analysis. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a visualization testing device for studying the interaction between grouting and fracture morphology in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the undamaged structure of the observation model in the visualization test device used to study the interaction between grouting and fracture morphology in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the observation model damaged in the visualization test device used to study the interaction between grouting and crack morphology in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] In the diagram: 1-Observation model; 101-Transparent plate; 102-Explosive particles; 2-Observation platform; 3-Monitoring module; 301-Camera; 4-Grouting module; 401-Plunger pump; 402-Conversion piston; 5-Collection module; 501-Collection pipeline; 502-Waste liquid collection container; 6-Control module; 601-Computer; 602-Display; 7-Pulsating laser. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] The purpose of this invention is to provide a visual testing device and method for studying the interaction between grouting and fracture morphology, which solves the technical problems existing in the prior art and can simultaneously observe the influence of grout on fracture surface morphology and the influence of surface morphology on grout flow.

[0039] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figures 1-3 As shown, this embodiment provides a visualization testing device for studying the interaction between grouting and fracture morphology, including:

[0042] Observation model 1 includes two rectangular transparent plates 101. Multiple explosive particles 102 are provided on one side of each of the two transparent plates 101. Fluorescent solution is provided inside the explosive particles 102. In this embodiment, the fluorescent solution is a fluorescent solution mixed with water-soluble fluorescent green pigment. A grouting channel is formed between the explosive particles 102 on the two transparent plates 101. Specifically, in actual use, the two transparent plates 101 are distributed vertically. Explosive particles 102 are provided on the lower surface of the upper transparent plate 101 and the upper surface of the lower transparent plate 101. A grouting channel is formed between the multiple explosive particles 102 on the upper and lower sides.

[0043] Observation station 2, observation model 1 is placed on observation station 2;

[0044] Monitoring module 3 is used to monitor the fluorescent solution that flows out after the explosive particles 102 explode.

[0045] Grouting module 4 is connected to the grout inlet of the grouting channel and is used to grout into the grouting channel.

[0046] Collection module 5, which can be connected to the grout outlet of the grouting channel;

[0047] Control module 6, monitoring module 3 and grouting module 4 are all electrically connected to control module 6, and each module can be remotely controlled using control module 6.

[0048] In practical use, two transparent plates 101 are placed one above the other, forming a grouting channel between the explosive particles 102 on the two transparent plates 101. Then, grouting is performed into the grouting channel using the grouting module 4. When the grout washes over the explosive particles 102, they break, and the fluorescent solution inside the explosive particles 102 flows out. The monitoring module 3 can clearly observe the position of the monitoring module 4 and transmit the relevant data to the control module 6 for statistical analysis.

[0049] In this embodiment, the transparent plate 101 is optical glass, and the shape of the transparent plate 101 can be rectangular.

[0050] The outer shell of the explosive particle 102 is composed of a mixture of sodium alginate and calcium chloride, which forms a gel film on the surface of the explosive particle 102. This gel film possesses a certain shear strength; only when the shear strength exceeds this strength will the surface layer be damaged, releasing the fluorescent solution containing fluorescent green pigment. The shear strength of the gel film can be controlled by the content of sodium alginate and calcium chloride, simulating surface rocks with different weathering layers within fractures (e.g., harder rocks have higher strength, while softer minerals have lower strength).

[0051] Preparation of the gel membrane: Sodium alginate and calcium chloride were mixed in a 1:1 ratio. An appropriate amount of fluorescent green pigment solution was added to a 3% sodium alginate aqueous solution. The mixture was stirred evenly on a magnetic stirrer at 160 rpm. While stirring, the resulting suspension was added dropwise to the calcium chloride aqueous solution at a rate of 20 ml per hour using a syringe. Four concentration gradients of calcium chloride were established, ranging from 0.5% to 2%, to achieve different shear strengths. After addition, stirring was continued for 5 minutes, followed by filtration. The mixture was washed with water to obtain a hydrogel, which was then naturally dried at room temperature to obtain a dry gel.

[0052] In this embodiment, the monitoring module 3 includes a camera 301 and pressure sensors. The camera 301 is positioned above the observation model 1. When the explosive particles 102 break, the camera 301 can capture images of the flowing fluorescent solution from top to bottom. Two pressure sensors are provided, one at the inlet and one at the outlet of the grouting channel. When the explosive particles 102 in the grouting channel break, the seepage characteristics of the grout change. The pressure sensors can be used to monitor the change in grout pressure caused by the breakage of the explosive particles 102.

[0053] In this embodiment, the grouting module 4 includes a conversion piston 402. The piston body within the conversion piston 402 has a water injection chamber and a grouting chamber on either side. The piston body slides left and right within the conversion piston 402, thereby changing the internal volume of the water injection chamber and the grouting chamber. The water injection chamber is connected to a water injection pipeline, with one end of the pipeline away from the water injection chamber connected to a water source, which can be a water container. A plunger pump 401 is installed on the water injection pipeline, allowing for accurate and quantitative water injection into the water injection chamber. The grouting chamber is connected to a grouting pipeline, with one end of the pipeline away from the grouting chamber connected to the grout inlet of the grouting channel. An electrically controlled valve is installed on the grouting pipeline and is electrically connected to the control module 6. Furthermore, the grouting chamber can also be connected to a grout replenishment pipeline, allowing for the replenishment of grout into the grouting chamber. When grouting is required in the grouting channel, the control module 6 controls the plunger pump 401 to run. The plunger pump 401 pumps water into the water injection chamber, thereby pushing the piston body and pushing an equal volume of grout into the grout inlet of the grouting channel.

[0054] In this embodiment, the collection module 5 includes a waste liquid collection pipeline 501. One end of the waste liquid collection pipeline 501 can be connected to the slurry outlet, and the other end of the waste liquid collection pipeline 501 is connected to a waste liquid collection container 502. The slurry flowing out of the slurry outlet of the grouting channel will flow into the waste liquid collection container 502 through the waste liquid collection pipeline 501 and be uniformly processed later.

[0055] In this embodiment, the control module 6 includes a computer 601 (PC) and a display 602. The computer 601 (PC) and the display 602 can be used to monitor the relevant parameters of each control element in real time, which facilitates observation and remote control.

[0056] In this embodiment, a connecting block is fixed at both the grout inlet and outlet of the observation model 1. Each connecting block is a rectangular block structure, and each block has a grouting groove and a connection port. The grouting groove is a rectangular groove, and the bottom or sidewall of the groove can be used to set the connection port. The two connection ports can be connected to the grouting module 4 and the collection module 5 respectively. Specifically, the two connection ports can be connected to the grouting pipeline and the waste liquid collection pipeline 501 respectively. The two grouting grooves are respectively attached to the grout inlet and outlet so that the two grouting grooves can be connected to the grout inlet and outlet respectively.

[0057] In actual use, the grout from the grouting pipeline flows into the connection port on the connecting block near the grout inlet and fills the grouting tank inside. As the amount of grout in the grouting tank increases, the grout in the grouting tank of the connecting block near the grout inlet flows into the grouting channel through the grout inlet.

[0058] Similarly, when the grout in the grouting channel is discharged, it will first fill the grouting groove on the connecting block near the grout outlet, and then flow from the grouting groove to the connecting port, and finally flow from the connecting port into the waste liquid collection container 502 through the waste liquid collection pipe 501.

[0059] In this embodiment, a sealing plate is fixed on each side of the observation model 1. The two sealing plates are fixed on the two sides of the observation model 1 where there is no grout inlet and grout outlet, that is, on both sides of the grouting channel, in order to prevent grout from flowing out from both sides of the grouting channel.

[0060] In this embodiment, the observation model 1 is fixed to the observation platform 2 by a fixed frame.

[0061] The fixed frame has a Z-shaped structure, consisting of two horizontal plates and one vertical plate. The two horizontal plates are fixed to the upper and lower ends of the vertical plate, respectively, and are located on both sides of the vertical plate. During installation, the upper horizontal plate is pressed against the upper transparent plate 101, while the vertical plate abuts against the side wall of the observation model 1 (the vertical plate does not affect the normal flow of grout inlet and outlet). The lower horizontal plate can be fixed to the observation platform 2 with bolts or screws. This secures the observation model 1 and prevents it from shaking violently during grouting.

[0062] In this embodiment, a pulsed laser is also included. By emitting laser light, the transport characteristics of the fluorescent solution can be better observed, enabling quantitative evaluation. The fluorescent solution is brightly developed under laser irradiation, and the camera 301 captures the image, allowing for the tracking and evaluation of the fractured area and the process of the fluorescent solution flowing with the slurry.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] This embodiment provides a method for studying the interaction between grouting and fracture morphology based on the visualization testing device in Embodiment 1. Specifically, the method includes the following steps:

[0065] S1. Preparation of non-Newtonian fluid slurry:

[0066] The grout used in actual grouting is essentially a non-Newtonian fluid. Therefore, this embodiment uses an aqueous solution of sodium polyacrylate to prepare the non-Newtonian fluid required for the experiment. Sodium polyacrylate is a water-soluble polymer compound that dissolves in water to form a viscous, transparent solution. Different concentrations of aqueous solutions were prepared by mixing purified water and sodium polyacrylate powder in ratios of 99.8:0.2, 99.6:0.4, 99.4:0.6, and 99.1:0.9 to simulate grouts with different viscosities. Different ratios of purified water and sodium polyacrylate powder will result in different viscosities of the prepared aqueous solutions. Those skilled in the art can adjust the ratio according to actual needs.

[0067] S2, Making fine explosive particles 102:

[0068] The surface of the fine explosive particles 102 is made of a mixture of sodium alginate and calcium chloride, and its interior contains a fluorescent solution mixed with water-soluble fluorescent green pigment. The gel film on the surface of the explosive particles 102 (the gel film is the mixed layer of sodium alginate and calcium chloride) has a certain shear strength. Only when it exceeds its shear strength will its surface be damaged, and the internal solution containing fluorescent green pigment will be released. The shear strength of the gel film can be controlled by the content of sodium alginate and calcium chloride to simulate surface weathering layers with different strengths (for example, the strength of hard rock will be greater, and the strength of soft minerals will be less).

[0069] S3. Create observation model 1:

[0070] The rough surface of the real rock mass fissure was extracted using a 3D laser scanner, and the point cloud data of the fissure surface was extracted using MATLAB software. Fine explosive particles 102 were uniformly stacked on a transparent plate 101, and the explosive particles 102 were bonded together with a binder (the binder here has the same composition as the gel film in S2). After curing, the surface shape of the fissure was carved on the explosive particles 102 using a surface engraving technology based on the surface point cloud data. The fluorescent solution that flowed out due to the cracking of the explosive particles 102 caused by the engraving was cleaned.

[0071] S4. Conduct the test:

[0072] The grout from grouting module 4 is injected into observation model 1. Specifically, a plunger pump 401 pumps water from the water source into the water injection chamber. The water in the water injection chamber pushes the piston body towards the grouting chamber, thereby pushing the grout out of the grouting chamber. The grout is injected through the grouting pipeline into the connection port on the connecting block near the grout inlet, filling the grouting groove inside. As the amount of grout in the grouting groove increases, the grout in the grouting groove of the connecting block near the grout inlet flows into the grouting channel through the grout inlet.

[0073] As the grout enters the grouting channel in the observation model 1, the grout washes over the blasting particles 102, causing them to break. This results in the fluorescent solution in the blasting particles 102 flowing out, which is then monitored by the monitoring module 3 and transmitted to the control module 6 for unified observation and processing.

[0074] Finally, the slurry flowing out of the observation model 1 enters the collection module 5 for collection. Specifically, the slurry first fills the grouting groove on the connecting block near the slurry outlet, then flows from the grouting groove to the connecting port, and finally flows from the connecting port into the waste liquid collection container 502 through the waste liquid collection pipe 501.

[0075] This specification uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A visualization testing device for studying the interaction between grouting and fracture morphology, characterized in that, include: Observation The observation model includes two transparent plates, each with multiple explosive particles on one side. Each explosive particle contains a fluorescent solution, and a grouting channel is formed between the explosive particles on the two transparent plates. An observation platform, on which the observation model is placed; The monitoring module is used to monitor the fluorescent solution that flows out after the explosive particles explode. The grouting module is connected to the grout inlet of the grouting channel and is used to grout the grouting channel. A collection module, which is connected to the grout outlet of the grouting channel; The control module, the monitoring module and the grouting module are both electrically connected to the control module; The outer shell of the blasting particles is made of a mixture of sodium alginate and calcium chloride. The mixture of sodium alginate and calcium chloride forms a gel film on the surface of the blasting particles. The shear strength of the gel film can be controlled by the content of sodium alginate and calcium chloride, which is used to simulate surface rocks with different degrees of weathering in the fissures.

2. The visualization testing device for studying the interaction between grouting and fracture morphology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transparent plate is optical glass.

3. The visualization testing device for studying the interaction between grouting and fracture morphology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring module includes a camera and a pressure sensor. The camera is positioned above the observation model, and there are two pressure sensors, which are respectively located at the grout inlet and grout outlet of the grouting channel.

4. The visualization testing device for studying the interaction between grouting and fracture morphology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grouting module includes a conversion piston. The piston body inside the conversion piston has a water injection chamber and a grouting chamber on its two sides. The water injection chamber is connected to a water injection pipeline, and a plunger pump is installed on the water injection pipeline. The grouting chamber is connected to a grouting pipeline, and an electrically controlled valve is installed on the grouting pipeline.

5. The visualization testing device for studying the interaction between grouting and fracture morphology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collection module includes a waste liquid collection pipeline, one end of which is connected to the slurry outlet, and the other end of which is connected to a waste liquid collection container.

6. The visualization testing device for studying the interaction between grouting and fracture morphology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module includes a computer and a display.

7. The visualization testing device for studying the interaction between grouting and fracture morphology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The observation model has a connecting block fixed at the grout inlet and the grout outlet respectively. Each connecting block has a grouting groove and a connecting port. The two connecting ports can be connected to the grouting module and the collection module respectively. The two grouting grooves can be connected to the grout inlet and the grout outlet respectively.

8. The visualization testing device for studying the interaction between grouting and fracture morphology according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing plate is fixed on each side of the observation model.

9. The visualization testing device for studying the interaction between grouting and fracture morphology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The observation model is fixed to the observation platform by a fixed frame.

10. A method for studying the interactive influence of grouting and fracture morphology based on any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of non-Newtonian fluid slurry; S2, Making explosive pellets; S3. Create an observation model. Use a 3D laser scanner to extract the rough surface of the real rock mass fissures. Use MATLAB software to extract the point cloud data of the fissure surface. Evenly stack explosive particles on a transparent plate. Use adhesive to bond the explosive particles together. After curing, use surface engraving technology to engrave the surface shape of the fissure according to the surface point cloud data. Clean the fluorescent solution that flowed out due to the particle breakage caused by the engraving. S4. Conduct the test by injecting the grout from the grouting module into the observation model. As the grout enters the grouting channel in the observation model, it washes over the blasting particles, causing them to break and the fluorescent solution in the particles to flow out. The monitoring module monitors the flow and transmits the data to the control module. The grout flowing out of the observation model enters the collection module for collection.

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