Method for improving wear resistance of adc12 recycled aluminum alloy
By applying pulsed electric field treatment to ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy, its microstructure is refined, solving the problems of high cost and complex operation in existing technologies, and significantly improving the wear resistance and plasticity of the alloy.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BEIFANG UNIV OF NATITIES
- Filing Date
- 2023-07-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies for improving the wear resistance of ADC12 recycled aluminum alloys suffer from high costs and complex operations. Furthermore, the coarse, long needle-like β-Fe phase and the lamellar eutectic Si phase in the alloy fragment the alloy matrix, leading to a decrease in wear resistance.
The pulsed electric field treatment method was used to treat ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy with a current density of 0–26.694 A/mm2, an output voltage of 0–2000 V, a pulse frequency of 1–500 Hz, a pulse width of 1 μs–500 μs, and a duration of 1 s–15 min. Combined with pretreatment grinding and cleaning, the microstructure of the alloy was refined.
The wear resistance of ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy was significantly improved by refining the eutectic Si phase and β-Fe phase, which enhanced the bonding force with the alloy matrix, reduced the wear amount and friction coefficient, and improved the plasticity and deformation capacity of the alloy.
Smart Images
Figure CN116676548B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of alloy technology, and in particular to a method for improving the wear resistance of ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy. Background Technology
[0002] ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy is primarily derived from scrap aluminum. It contains coarse, long, needle-like β-Fe phases and lamellar eutectic Si phases, which severely disrupt the alloy matrix, affecting its mechanical properties and significantly reducing its wear resistance. The industry typically uses special casting and modifier treatments to refine the impurity phases in the alloy to improve its wear resistance. However, these methods often increase manufacturing costs and reduce the alloy's practicality.
[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a low-cost and simple method to improve the wear resistance of ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the wear resistance of ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy. The method provided by the present invention is low in cost, simple to operate, and can significantly improve the wear resistance of ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy.
[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:
[0006] This invention provides a method for improving the wear resistance of ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy, comprising the following steps:
[0007] ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy was subjected to pulsed electric field treatment;
[0008] The current density of the pulsed electric field treatment is 0–26.694 A / mm. 2 The current density of the pulsed electric field treatment is not zero.
[0009] Preferably, the parameters of the pulse electric field processing include: an output voltage of 0 to 2000V, a pulse output frequency of 1 to 500Hz, and a pulse width of 1μs to 500μs, wherein the output voltage is not 0.
[0010] Preferably, the pulsed electric field treatment time is 1 second to 15 minutes.
[0011] Preferably, the ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy comprises the following elements in weight percentage: Si 9.6%, Cu 1.51%, Fe < 1.3%, Zn < 1.0%, Mn < 0.5%, Ti < 0.1%, with the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
[0012] Preferably, before the ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy is subjected to pulsed electric field treatment, a pretreatment is further performed; the pretreatment includes grinding and cleaning in sequence; the cleaning reagent includes ethanol, and the cleaning method is ultrasonic cleaning.
[0013] This invention provides a method for improving the wear resistance of ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy, comprising the following steps: subjecting the ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy to pulsed electric field treatment; wherein the current density of the pulsed electric field treatment is 0–26.694 A / mm. 2 The current density of the pulsed electric field treatment is not zero. Applying a pulsed electric field to the ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy causes electrons to interact with crystal defects, accelerating atomic diffusion, increasing dislocation motion, and lowering the phase transition energy barrier, thus inducing plastic deformation and improving the deformability of the ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy. As an instantaneous energy input, the pulsed electric field treatment can induce heating and expansion effects in the ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy in a very short time, affecting its microstructure and mechanical properties. It can improve the plasticity of the ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy and promote its recrystallization. The pulsed electric field refines the solidification structure of the ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy through electron migration, Seebeck effect, magnetostrictive contraction, skin effect, electron wind, and inoculation modification effect, thereby improving its wear resistance. Attached Figure Description
[0014] Figure 1 Metallographic microstructures of regenerated aluminum alloys enhanced with ADC12 obtained by pulsed electric field treatment with different current densities. Figure 1 In the diagram, (a) represents 0 A / mm. 2 (b) is 3.471 A / mm 2 -10 min, (c) is 7.521 A / mm 2 -10 min, (d) is 10.579 A / mm 2 -10min, (e) is 13.636A / mm 2 -10 min, (f) is 17.521 A / mm 2 -10 min, (g) is 20.496 A / mm 2 -10 min, (h) is 23.636 A / mm 2 -10 min, (i) is 26.694 A / mm 2 -10min;
[0015] Figure 2 The wear amount and friction coefficient of the enhanced ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy obtained by pulsed electric field treatment with different current densities;
[0016] Figure 3Microstructure images of recycled aluminum alloy samples enhanced with ADC12 under different treatment conditions are shown. (a) is the original thin plate without any treatment, and (b) is the sample with a current density of 13.636 A / mm². 2 (c) is the enhanced ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy obtained by pulsed electric field treatment, and (c) is the enhanced ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy obtained by magnetic field solidification treatment.
[0017] Figure 4 The figures show the wear amount and friction coefficient of the enhanced ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy samples after treatment under different conditions. Detailed Implementation
[0018] This invention provides a method for improving the wear resistance of ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy, comprising the following steps:
[0019] ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy was subjected to pulsed electric field treatment;
[0020] The current density of the pulsed electric field treatment is 0–26.694 A / mm. 2 The current density of the pulsed electric field treatment is not zero.
[0021] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in this invention are preferably commercially available products.
[0022] In this invention, the ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy is preferably a cast ADC-12 recycled aluminum alloy. In this invention, the ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy preferably comprises the following elements in mass percentage: Si 9.6%, Cu 1.51%, Fe < 1.3%, Zn < 1.0%, Mn < 0.5%, Ti < 0.1%, with the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
[0023] Before the ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy undergoes pulsed electric field treatment, the present invention preferably includes a pretreatment; the pretreatment preferably includes sequential polishing and cleaning; the cleaning reagent preferably includes ethanol, and the cleaning method is preferably ultrasonic cleaning. In the present invention, the polishing is preferably sandpaper polishing. In the present invention, the polishing can remove the oxide film on the surface of the ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy. In the present invention, the cleaning can remove stains on the surface of the ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy.
[0024] In this invention, the parameters of the pulse electric field processing include: the output voltage is preferably 0 to 2000V, wherein the output voltage is not 0, more preferably 100 to 1500V, more preferably 500 to 1000V; the pulse output frequency is preferably 1 to 500Hz, more preferably 50 to 450Hz, more preferably 100 to 400Hz, and most preferably 200 to 300Hz; the pulse width is preferably 1μs to 500μs, more preferably 5 to 400μs, more preferably 50 to 300μs, and most preferably 100 to 200μs.
[0025] In this invention, the current density of the pulsed electric field treatment is 0–26.694 A / mm. 2 The current density of the pulsed electric field treatment is not zero, preferably 3.471–23.636 A / mm. 2 More preferably, it is 7.521–20.496 A / mm. 2 More preferably, it is 10.579–17.521 A / mm. 2 The optimal value is 12-15 A / mm. 2 .
[0026] In this invention, the pulsed electric field treatment time is preferably 1s to 15min.
[0027] In this invention, the temperature of the pulsed electric field treatment is preferably room temperature, that is, neither additional heating nor additional cooling is required.
[0028] The following detailed description of the method for improving the wear resistance of ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy provided by the present invention, with reference to the embodiments, should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0029] Example
[0030] The raw material used is commercially available ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy, which is a new type of die-cast Al-Si alloy. It is basically made from recycled waste aluminum, and its chemical composition is shown in Table 1.
[0031] Table 1. Main chemical components of ADC-12 recycled aluminum alloy
[0032] Alloying element / wt.% Si Cu Fe Zn Mn Ti Al ADC-12 9.6 1.51 ＜1.3 ＜1.0 ＜0.5 ＜0.1 margin
[0033] Commercial ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy samples were cut into thin plates measuring 44mm × 44mm × 11mm using wire cutting to calculate the area through which the current flows. Before the experiment, the oxide film on the surface of the thin plates was removed with sandpaper, followed by ultrasonic cleaning with alcohol to remove surface contaminants. The treated thin plates were then directly connected to a high-power pulsed electric field for energization. By setting the output voltage from 0 to 2000V, the pulse output frequency from 1 to 500Hz, and the pulse width from 1μs to 500μs, the final calculated current density was 0A / mm². 2 3.471A / mm 2 7.521A / mm 2 10.579A / mm 2 13.636A / mm 2 17.521A / mm 2 20.496A / mm 2 23.636A / mm 2 and 26.694A / mm 2 The aluminum alloy is then subjected to an electric current treatment for 1 second to 15 minutes to obtain an enhanced ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy.
[0034] Figure 1 Metallographic microstructures of regenerated aluminum alloys enhanced with ADC12 obtained by pulsed electric field treatment with different current densities. Figure 1 In the diagram, (a) represents 0 A / mm. 2 (b) is 3.471 A / mm 2 -10 min, (c) is 7.521 A / mm 2 -10 min, (d) is 10.579 A / mm 2 -10min, (e) is 13.636A / mm 2 -10 min, (f) is 17.521 A / mm 2 -10 min, (g) is 20.496 A / mm 2 -10 min, (h) is 23.636 A / mm 2 -10 min, (i) is 26.694 A / mm 2 -10min.
[0035] from Figure 1 It can be seen that the microstructure is significantly refined after pulsed electric field treatment, and the size of the eutectic Si phase and the long needle-like β-Fe phase gradually decreases with increasing current density. From... Figure 1As shown in (a), the long rod-shaped eutectic Si phase and the long needle-shaped or spherical β-Fe phase are aggregated and distributed around the α-Al phase. With increasing current density, the eutectic Si phase changes from coarse long rods to short rods or fibers, still aggregating and distributed around the α-Al phase. The long needle-shaped β-Fe phase transforms into short needles, and the number of spherical β-Fe phases decreases, with their morphology changing to small spherical shapes. The current density is 13.636 A / mm². 2 At this point, the eutectic Si phase and β-Fe phase have the smallest size, resulting in the best refinement effect. When the current density is greater than 13.636 A / mm², the refinement effect is optimal. 2 As the current density increases, the refining effect gradually weakens, while the sizes of the eutectic Si phase and β-Fe phase gradually increase, and the matrix-splitting effect intensifies. Therefore, it can be concluded that the eutectic Si phase and β-Fe phase first decrease and then increase with increasing current density.
[0036] Table 2 shows the quantitative analysis results of the microstructure of the enhanced ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy obtained by pulsed electric field treatment with different current densities.
[0037] Table 2. Quantitative analysis results of the microstructure of the enhanced ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy obtained by pulsed electric field treatment.
[0038]
[0039] As shown in Table 2, the average area ratio of the α-Al phase first decreases and then increases with increasing current density, reaching 13.636 A / mm². 2 At that time, the average area ratio of the α-Al phase decreased by 10% compared with the original sample; the average area ratio of the eutectic Si phase first decreased and then increased with increasing current density, reaching 13.636 A / mm². 2 At this point, the average area ratio of the eutectic Si phase decreased to a minimum of 14.02%, a reduction of 8%. With increasing pulse current, the average area ratio of the β-Fe phase first increased and then decreased, with a current density of 13.636 A / mm². 2 The maximum improvement was achieved at [time value], increasing by 86%; however, the aspect ratio first decreased and then increased with increasing current density, reaching 13.636 A / mm. 2 The minimum value is achieved when the aspect ratio decreases. A lower aspect ratio increases the roundness of the β-Fe phase, thereby increasing the bonding strength between the β-Fe phase and the matrix. This is especially true when the current density is greater than 13.636 A / mm². 2 Subsequently, the average area of the α-Al phase began to increase slowly, the average area of the eutectic Si phase gradually increased, the aspect ratio of the β-Fe phase gradually increased, and the refining effect gradually weakened. It can be seen that using 13.636 A / mm... 2 The best refining effect can be achieved by treating ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy with current density.
[0040] Figure 2 The wear rate and coefficient of friction of the enhanced ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy obtained by pulsed electric field treatment with different current densities are shown. Figure 2 It can be seen that the current density is between 0 and 20.496 A / mm². 2 Within this range, the wear amount of the sample did not change significantly and tended to stabilize, with the original sample wear amount being 2.45 mg. Exceeding 20.496 A / mm 2 At this time, the wear will increase with the increase of current density, 26.694A / mm 2 The friction coefficient reached its maximum at 59.70 mg. The coefficient of friction first decreased and then increased with increasing current density, reaching 13.636 A / mm². 2 At a certain point, the friction coefficient reached a minimum of 0.1768, a reduction of 17.8% compared to the original sample. As the current density continued to increase, the friction coefficient gradually rose again. Analysis suggests that after pulsed electric field treatment, the coarse eutectic Si and β-Fe phases in the alloy's microstructure were refined, reducing their ability to cut the matrix. Furthermore, the bonding force between the eutectic Si and β-Fe phases and the alloy matrix was strengthened, improving the alloy's fracture resistance and wear resistance. As the current density continued to increase, the refining effect of the pulsed electric field gradually weakened, and the alloy's wear resistance decreased.
[0041] Figure 3 Microstructure images of recycled aluminum alloy samples enhanced with ADC12 under different treatment conditions are shown. (a) is the original thin plate without any treatment, and (b) is the sample with a current density of 13.636 A / mm². 2 (c) is the reinforced ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy obtained by pulsed electric field treatment, and (d) is the reinforced ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy obtained by magnetic field solidification treatment. Figure 3 As can be seen in (a), in the microstructure of the untreated raw thin plate, the α-Al phase is white and occupies a large area; the blocky and granular phase is the eutectic Si phase, which appears black; and the elongated, leaf-shaped phase, which appears light gray, is the β-Fe phase. The eutectic Si is large in size and unevenly distributed, while the β-Fe is elongated, indicating that the Si and Fe phases severely divide the matrix. Figure 3 As can be seen from (b): the size of the eutectic Si phase and the long needle-like β-Fe phase gradually decreases; the long rod-shaped eutectic Si phase and the long needle-like or spherical β-Fe phase are aggregated and distributed around the α-Al phase; the eutectic Si phase changes from coarse long rods to short rods or fibers, and is aggregated and distributed around the α-Al phase; the long needle-like β-Fe phase changes to short needles; and the number of spherical β-Fe phases decreases, and their morphology changes to small-sized spherical shapes. From... Figure 3 As can be seen from (c): the eutectic Si is less refined and the refinement result is not ideal. There are still some coarse and large eutectic Si phases in the microstructure. The β-Fe phase is randomly distributed and the phase lengths vary. Most of the β-Fe phases are rod-shaped and leaf-shaped and are relatively long. The α-Al phase has a large area ratio.
[0042] The magnetic field solidification treatment includes the following operations: After heating the ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy to the molten state and holding it at that temperature for a period of time, the ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy is cooled with the furnace. When the alloy reaches the phase transformation temperature range, a magnetic field of 0.5T is introduced for magnetic field treatment. When the temperature is lower than the phase transformation range, the magnetic field is turned off, and the alloy is taken out after cooling.
[0043] Figure 4 This image shows the wear and friction coefficient of reinforced ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy samples obtained under different treatment conditions. (From...) Figure 4 From the data, we can see that the wear amount of the untreated original sheet is 0.0056g, the coefficient of friction is 0.39, and the current density is 13.636A / mm². 2 The wear amount of the reinforced ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy obtained by pulsed electric field treatment was 0.0025g, and the friction coefficient was 0.18; the wear amount of the reinforced ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy obtained by magnetic field solidification treatment was 0.0047g, and the friction coefficient was 0.4. Analysis suggests that after pulsed electric field treatment, the coarse eutectic Si phase and β-Fe phase in the microstructure of the ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy were refined, the ability to cut the matrix was weakened, and the bonding force between the eutectic Si phase and β-Fe phase and the alloy matrix was enhanced, thereby improving the fracture resistance of the alloy and enhancing its wear resistance.
[0044] The magnetic field solidification treatment includes the following operations: After heating the ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy to the molten state and holding it at that temperature for a period of time, the ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy is cooled with the furnace. When the alloy reaches the phase transformation temperature range, a magnetic field of 0.5T is introduced for magnetic field treatment. When the temperature is lower than the phase transformation range, the magnetic field is turned off, and the alloy is taken out after cooling.
[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for improving the wear resistance of ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy was subjected to pulsed electric field treatment; Before the ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy is subjected to pulsed electric field treatment, a pretreatment is also performed; the pretreatment includes grinding and cleaning in sequence; the cleaning reagent includes ethanol, and the cleaning method is ultrasonic cleaning. The current density of the pulsed electric field treatment is 13.636 A / mm. 2 ; The ADC12 recycled aluminum alloy comprises the following elements by mass percentage: Si 9.6%, Cu 1.51%, Fe < 1.3%, Zn < 1.0%, Mn < 0.5%, Ti < 0.1%, with the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parameters of the pulsed electric field processing include: output voltage of 0~2000V, pulse output frequency of 1~500Hz, and pulse width of 1μs~500μs, wherein the output voltage is not 0.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The pulsed electric field treatment time is 1 second to 15 minutes.