An adaptive concentrating solar thermal collector

Abstract

The present invention provides an adaptive light-concentrating solar heat collector, which can solve the technical problems of the existing glass vacuum tube heat collector being difficult to start and stop automatically, difficult to protect itself during non-heat-collecting operation, and low light utilization efficiency. The adaptive light-concentrating solar heat collector comprises: a transparent tube body, a light-concentrating reflector, a heat absorber, and a reflector adaptive moving mechanism; the light-concentrating reflector is used to provide a light-concentrating reflecting surface; two light-concentrating reflectors are arranged on two opposite sides of the inner circumferential surface of the transparent tube body inside the transparent tube body; the heat absorber is installed at the focal line position of the light-concentrating reflector inside the transparent tube body; the reflector adaptive moving mechanism is used to drive the two light-concentrating reflectors to move inside the transparent tube body, so that when the heat collector is in a non-heat-collecting operation state, the two light-concentrating reflectors are located above the heat absorber for shading, and when the heat collector is in a heat-collecting operation state, the two light-concentrating reflectors are located below the heat absorber to provide a light-concentrating reflecting surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a solar energy heat collecting device, in particular to an adaptive light-concentrating solar energy heat collecting device, belonging to the technical field of solar energy concentration and heat collecting. Background Art

[0002] Solar thermal technology is one of the effective technical means to alleviate the depletion of fossil energy and environmental pollution. Among them, glass vacuum tube collectors have been widely used due to their high heat collection temperature and low convection heat loss; glass vacuum tube collectors are composed of two concentric glass tubes, the inner and outer tubes are evacuated between the inner and outer tubes; its working principle is that solar energy is irradiated through the outer glass tube to the heat absorber on the outer surface of the inner tube and converted into heat energy, and then heats the heat transfer fluid in the inner glass tube.

[0003] Glass vacuum tube collectors also have the following disadvantages in practical applications:

[0004] (1) There is light leakage loss in the vacuum interlayer of the glass vacuum tube, and the light utilization efficiency is low;

[0005] (2) The photothermal conversion occurs on the surface of the internal glass tube, with low light absorption efficiency and large radiation heat dissipation losses;

[0006] (3) The circulating medium is liquid, which has high power consumption, high operation and maintenance technical requirements and high costs;

[0007] (4) It is difficult to control the start and stop of the glass vacuum tube collector according to the incidence of sunlight during the collection period;

[0008] (5) During the non-collection period, the glass vacuum tube collector will still receive sunlight, causing the glass tube to overheat, generate local thermal stress, and cause damage to the glass tube.

[0009] It can be seen that the existing glass vacuum tube collector is difficult to achieve automatic start and stop during the heat collection operation, and difficult to achieve self-protection during the non-heat collection operation. In actual applications, the light utilization efficiency and service life are low, the operation and maintenance costs are high, and the application effect is poor. Summary of the invention

[0010] In view of this, the present invention provides an adaptive concentrating solar thermal collector device, which can solve the technical problems of existing glass vacuum tube collectors that are difficult to start and stop automatically, have low light utilization efficiency, are difficult to self-protect during non-collecting operation, and are prone to overheating.

[0011] The technical solution of the present invention is: an adaptive concentrating solar heat collecting device, comprising: a transparent tube body, a concentrating reflector, a heat absorbing body and an adaptive moving mechanism of the reflector;

[0012] The light-collecting reflector is used to provide a light-collecting reflecting surface; the two light-collecting reflectors are arranged on two opposite sides of the inner circumferential surface of the transparent tube body inside the transparent tube body;

[0013] The heat absorber is installed at the focal line position of the light-collecting reflector inside the transparent tube body;

[0014] The reflector adaptive moving mechanism is used to drive the two focusing reflectors to move in the transparent tube body. When the heat collecting device is in a non-heat collecting operation state, the two focusing reflectors are located above the heat absorbing body for shading. When the heat collecting device is in a heat collecting operation state, the two focusing reflectors are located below the heat absorbing body to provide a focusing reflecting surface.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reflector adaptive movement mechanism comprises: an adaptive driving unit, a slide rail A, a slide rail B, a slider, a connecting piece and a spring;

[0016] The slide rail A and the slide rail B are both arc-shaped structures and are cross-arranged in the middle to form an X-shaped structure that can be opened and closed; the V-shaped parts on both sides of the X-shaped structure form a V-shaped slideway; the two V-shaped slideways correspond to the positions of the two focusing reflectors respectively;

[0017] The adaptive driving unit is used to drive the slide rail A and the slide rail B to open under the action of the heat transfer medium in the transparent tube body;

[0018] The slider is a wedge-shaped structure with a larger upper portion and a smaller lower portion, and one slider is installed in each V-shaped slideway; the light-collecting reflector is connected to the slider on the corresponding side through a connecting piece, and when the slider slides in the V-shaped slideway, the light-collecting reflector is driven to move upward or downward along the inner circumference of the transparent tube body;

[0019] A V-shaped spring sheet is arranged in the V-shaped slide, and the two sheets of the spring sheet are respectively connected to the slide rail A and the slide rail B; when the heat collecting device is in a non-heat collecting operation state, the two sheets of the spring sheet are in a closed state, the slide rail A and the slide rail B are in a closed state, and the two focusing reflectors are located above the heat absorbing body for shading.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adaptive drive unit comprises: a support ring, a rotating shaft, rotating blades and a fixed sleeve;

[0021] The support ring is coaxially installed in the transparent tube body; the rotating shaft is arranged radially along the vertical direction of the transparent tube body, and its two axial ends are respectively supported on the support ring, and the rotating shaft can rotate around its own axis; the two focusing reflectors are respectively located on the left and right sides of the rotating shaft;

[0022] The fixed sleeve is coaxially mounted on the lower end of the rotating shaft; a rotating blade is mounted on the rotating shaft, and the rotating blade can drive the rotating shaft to rotate under the action of the heat transfer medium;

[0023] The slide rail A and the slide rail B are cross-arranged at the rotating shaft, wherein the slide rail A passes through the fixed sleeve and the middle part is installed on the fixed sleeve, and the slide rail B passes through the rotating shaft and the middle part is installed on the rotating shaft, so that the slide rail B can rotate with the rotating shaft and open relative to the slide rail A; when the heat collecting device is in a non-heat collecting operation state, the spring sheet drives the slide rail B to rotate and close relative to the slide rail A.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adaptive drive unit comprises: a support ring, two rotating shafts, two rotating blades and a fixed sleeve;

[0025] The support ring is coaxially installed in the transparent tube body;

[0026] The fixed sleeve is arranged along the radial direction of the vertical direction of the transparent tube body and is arranged on the inner bottom surface of the transparent support ring; the slide rail A and the slide rail B are arranged crosswise at the fixed sleeve;

[0027] Each focusing reflector is provided with a rotating shaft, which is arranged vertically and supported on supporting rings at both ends of the shaft, and can rotate around its own axis; each rotating shaft is provided with a rotating blade, and the rotating blade can drive the rotating shaft to rotate under the action of the heat transfer medium;

[0028] A rotating wheel is coaxially mounted on the lower end of the rotating shaft, and convex teeth are provided on two opposite sides of the outer circumferential surface of the rotating wheel. The upper ends of the slide rails A and B are respectively in contact with the two convex teeth of the rotating wheels on the corresponding sides. When the rotating shaft drives the rotating wheel to rotate coaxially, the convex teeth drive the slide rails A and B to rotate to achieve opening. When the heat collecting device is in a non-heat collecting operation state, the spring sheet drives the slide rails A and B to rotate in the opposite direction to achieve closing.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there are two groups of reflector adaptive movement mechanisms, which are respectively installed at two axial ends inside the transparent tube body.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a focusing lens is installed on the inner circumferential surface of the upper half of the transparent tube body.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat absorber can rotate around its own axis driven by the heat transfer medium.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat absorber is a multi-spiral fin heat absorber, that is, a plurality of spiral fins are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the heat absorber.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, both the inner and outer surfaces of the light-collecting reflector have reflective layers.

[0034] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, two light-collecting reflectors are symmetrically arranged on two opposite sides of the inner circumferential surface of the transparent tube body along the axis of the transparent tube body.

[0035] Beneficial effects:

[0036] (1) In the solar energy heat collection device of the present invention, the two focusing reflectors are able to move within the transparent tube body, so that when the heat collection device is in a non-heat collection operation state, the two focusing reflectors are located above the heat absorber for shading; when the heat collection device is in a heat collection operation state, the two focusing reflectors are located below the heat absorber to provide a focusing reflection surface, thereby achieving adaptive heat collection of the device and self-protection during non-heat collection operation, thereby preventing "overheating" damage to the heat absorber caused by incident solar radiation.

[0037] (2) The reflector adaptive movement mechanism of the solar thermal collector of the present invention is configured to place the slide rails A and B in a closed state in a natural state by setting a V-shaped spring sheet, thereby ensuring that in the non-heat-collecting operating state, the two focusing reflectors are located above the heat-absorbing body for shading; the configured adaptive driving unit can drive the slide rails A and B to open under the action of the heat transfer medium in the transparent tube body, thereby automatically starting and stopping the entire thermal collector (i.e., after the thermal collector enters the non-heat-collecting operating state, the focusing reflectors automatically enter the shading state and no longer perform light-to-heat conversion).

[0038] (3) The adaptive drive unit with dual rotating shafts and dual rotating blades in the present invention can reduce the flow resistance of the heat transfer medium when the concentrating and heat collecting device is in operation, thereby improving the reliability of the adaptive drive unit.

[0039] (4) In the present invention, when the heat collecting device is in heat collection operation, the heat absorber can rotate driven by the flow of the heat transfer medium, thereby avoiding local thermal stress caused by the uneven distribution of the focused light spot on the surface of the heat absorber. At the same time, the rotating heat absorber disturbs the flow field of the heat transfer medium, thereby improving the convective heat transfer coefficient between the heat absorber and the heat transfer medium, thereby improving the light-to-heat conversion efficiency of the heat absorber.

[0040] (5) Installing a focusing lens on the inner circumferential surface of the transparent tube body can increase the light receiving angle and light utilization efficiency of the device, thereby improving the light utilization rate and heat collection temperature of the heat collection device.

[0041] (6) The heat absorber adopts a heat absorber structure with multiple spiral fins, which can increase the light receiving surface area of ​​the heat absorber during heat collection operation, the uniformity of energy flux density distribution, the contact area with the heat transfer medium and the heat exchange efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the solar energy heat collection device of the present invention in the heat collection operation state;

[0043] Among them: 1-transparent tube body; 2-transparent support ring; 3-focusing reflector; 4-heat absorber; 5-rotating shaft; 6-rotating blades; 7-slide rail A; 8-slide rail B; 9-fixed sleeve; 10-slider; 11-connecting piece.

[0044] Figure 2 It is a side view of the solar heat collection device of the present invention in a heat collection operation state;

[0045] Figure 3 Another side view of the solar heat collection device of the present invention in the heat collection operation state;

[0046] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of opening the slide rail in the present invention;

[0047] Among them: 12-shrapnel.

[0048] Figure 5 It is a light propagation diagram of the solar thermal collector of the present invention in the thermal collection operation state;

[0049] Among them: 13-sun rays.

[0050] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the solar energy heat collection device of the present invention in a non-heat collection operation state;

[0051] Figure 7 It is a side view of the solar heat collection device of the present invention in a non-heat collection operation state;

[0052] Figure 8 Another side schematic diagram of the solar heat collecting device of the present invention in a non-heat collecting operation state;

[0053] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the closing of the slide rail in the present invention;

[0054] Fig.10 is a light propagation diagram of the solar energy heat collection device of the present invention in a non-heat collection operation state;

[0055] Fig.11 It is a structural diagram of the reflector adaptive moving mechanism in Example 4 of the present invention in the heat collection operation state;

[0056] Among them, 14-wheel.

[0057] Fig.12 It is a structural diagram of the reflector adaptive moving mechanism in embodiment 4 of the present invention in a non-heat collecting operation state;

[0058] Fig.13 is a light propagation diagram of Example 5 of the present invention;

[0059] Among them, 15-condenser lens.

[0060] Fig.14 is a light propagation diagram of Example 6 of the present invention;

[0061] Fig.15 It is an arrangement and installation diagram of the solar energy heat collecting device of the present invention arranged in a yurt;

[0062] Among them, 16-yurt; 17-felt cloth; 18-transparent board; 19-pipeline.

[0063] Fig.16 It is an arrangement and installation diagram of the solar energy heat collecting device of the present invention in the facility agriculture layout;

[0064] Among them, 20-facility agriculture. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0066] Embodiment 1:

[0067] In order to improve the problems of vacuum interlayer light leakage loss in glass vacuum tube collectors, low light absorption efficiency caused by light-to-heat conversion occurring on the surface of the internal glass tube, large radiation heat dissipation loss, high power consumption of heat transfer medium circulation, difficulty in achieving adaptive heat collection, and non-heat collection overheat protection, the present embodiment provides an adaptive concentrating solar energy collector, which can achieve the operating effects of heat collection adaptation, non-heat collection state absorber overheat protection, high light utilization efficiency, and efficient light-to-heat conversion by changing the position of the concentrating reflector.

[0068] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the adaptive concentrating solar thermal collector comprises: a transparent tube body 1, a concentrating reflector 3, a heat absorber 4 and a reflector adaptive moving mechanism.

[0069] Wherein: the transparent tube body 1 is a glass vacuum tube with high light transmittance; the focusing reflector 3 is a parabolic reflector, installed in the transparent tube body 1, and used to provide a focusing reflection surface; two focusing reflectors are arranged on two opposite sides of the inner circumferential surface of the transparent tube body inside the transparent tube body, and as an example, the two focusing reflectors 3 are symmetrically arranged inside the transparent tube body 1 along the axis of the transparent tube body 1. As an example, the focusing reflector 3 can be a reflector or a metal material with reflective material sprayed on both the inner and outer surfaces.

[0070] The heat absorber 4 is installed at the focal line position of the light-collecting reflector 3, and can receive the light reflected by the light-collecting reflective surface for light-heat conversion, thereby realizing the reception and utilization of the light gathered by the light-collecting reflector. Preferably, the surface of the heat absorber 4 is sprayed with a high-efficiency light-absorbing material; preferably, the focal line of the light-collecting reflector 3 is coaxial with the axis of the transparent tube body 1, and the heat absorber 4 is arranged at the axis position of the transparent tube body 1. The heat absorber 4 can rotate along the axis of the transparent tube body 1 under the drive of the heat transfer medium to realize dynamic light-heat conversion; wherein the heat transfer medium is air.

[0071] The reflector adaptive moving mechanism can drive the two focusing reflectors 3 to move along the inner circumferential surface of the transparent tube body 1 under the action of the heat transfer medium in the transparent tube body 1, thereby changing the positions of the two focusing reflectors 3 to switch between the heat collecting state and the light shading state, respectively corresponding to the heat collecting operation state and the non-heat collecting operation state of the heat collecting device.

[0072] When the heat collection device is in the heat collection operation state, the focusing reflector 3 is in the heat collection state, and is used to provide a focusing reflective surface; specifically: when heat collection is required, the two focusing reflectors 3 move along the inner circumference of the transparent tube body 1 to the bottom of the heat absorber 4 under the action of the reflector adaptive movement mechanism, and the inner surface of the focusing reflector 3 faces upward as a focusing reflective surface, that is, at this time, the two focusing reflectors 3 form a focusing reflective surface under the heat absorber 4. Figure 5 As shown, at this time, part of the sunlight 13 passes through the transparent tube body 1 and is incident on the surface of the heat absorber 4; part of the sunlight 13 passes through the transparent tube body 1 and is incident on the surface of the focusing reflector 3, and is received by the heat absorber 4 after being reflected by the focusing reflector 3; while the heat absorber 4 receives the sunlight for photothermal conversion, it rotates under the drive of the heat transfer medium, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency between the heat absorber 4 and the heat transfer medium and the uniformity of the surface energy flux density distribution, thereby realizing efficient heat collection of the heat collection device.

[0073] When the focusing reflector 3 is in a non-heat collecting operation state, the focusing reflector 3 is in a light shielding state, and is used to provide a light shielding surface. Figures 6 to 8 As shown, at this time, the two focusing reflectors 3 slide upward along the inner circumference of the transparent tube body 1 under the action of the reflector adaptive movement mechanism, and are located above the inside of the transparent tube body 1. The inner surface of the focusing reflector 3 faces downward, forming a light shield above the heat absorber 4 (that is, at this time, the two focusing reflectors form an umbrella shape to shield the heat absorber 4), and the outer surface of the focusing reflector 3 serves as a shielding surface. Fig.10 As shown, at this time, all the sunlight 13 passing through the transparent tube body 1 will be incident on the outer surface of the focusing reflector 3, and will be reflected into the environment by the outer surface of the focusing reflector 3, thereby realizing overheat protection for the heat absorber 4.

[0074] Embodiment 2:

[0075] Based on the above-mentioned embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a structural form of a reflector adaptive movement mechanism.

[0076] As an example, there are two groups of reflector adaptive movement mechanisms, which are respectively installed at two axial ends inside the transparent tube body 1.

[0077] The reflector adaptive movement mechanism comprises: an adaptive driving unit, a slide rail A7, a slide rail B8, a slider 10, a connecting piece 11 and a spring piece 12.

[0078] Among them, the slide rail A7 and the slide rail B8 are both arc-shaped structures, preferably semicircular structures with the same curvature as the corresponding position of the transparent tube body 1; the slide rail A7 and the slide rail B8 are cross-arranged in the middle to form an expandable and contractible X-shaped structure; the V-shaped parts on both sides of the X-shaped structure form V-shaped slideways; the two V-shaped slideways correspond to the positions of the two focusing reflectors 3 respectively.

[0079] The adaptive driving unit is used to drive the slide rail A7 and the slide rail B8 to open under the action of the heat transfer medium in the transparent tube body 1.

[0080] The slider 10 is a wedge-shaped structure with a larger top and a smaller bottom. A slider 10 is installed in each V-shaped slideway. The light-collecting reflector 3 is connected to the slider 10 on the corresponding side through the connecting piece 11, that is, one end of the connecting piece 11 is connected to the light-collecting reflector 3, and the other end is connected to the slider 10. When the slider 10 slides in the V-shaped slideway, it drives the light-collecting reflector 3 to move upward or downward along the inner circumference of the transparent tube body 1.

[0081] A V-shaped spring sheet 12 is provided at the bottom of the V-shaped slideway (i.e., at the sharp corner of the V-shaped slideway), and the two sheets of the spring sheet 12 are connected to the slide rail A7 and the slide rail B8 respectively; when the heat collection device is in a non-heat collection operation state, the two sheets of the spring sheet 12 are in a closed state, the slide rails A7 and B8 are in a closed state, and the two focusing reflectors 3 are located above the heat absorbing body 4 for shading. When the slide rails A7 and B8 are in an open state, the two sheets of the spring sheet 12 are opened to generate a restoring force.

[0082] Therefore, when it is necessary to receive solar rays 13 for heat collection operation, the fan in the circulation pipeline where the heat collection device is located is started to make the heat transfer medium flow in the set direction. The flow of the heat transfer medium causes the adaptive driving unit to drive the slide rails A7 and B8 to open, triggering the slider installed between the slide rails A7 and B8 to slide downward along the track between the slide rails A7 and B8 under the action of its own gravity, and driving the focusing reflector 3 to slide to the bottom of the heat absorber 4 through the connecting piece to form a focusing reflecting surface. The focusing reflecting surface converges the received solar radiation to the surface of the heat absorber 4 installed at its focal line for photothermal conversion. The heat absorber 4 with increased temperature rotates under the drive of the heat transfer medium and exchanges heat with the heat transfer medium to realize adaptive heat collection of the device. When the device is not in heat collection operation, the spring piece 12 installed between the slide rail A7 and the slide rail B8 drives the slide rail B8 and the slide rail A7 to close, and the slide rail A7 and the slide rail B8 jointly generate pressure on the slider 10, driving the slider 10 to slide upward, and drive the focusing reflector 3 to slide above the heat absorber 4 through the connecting piece 11 to form a shading surface, thereby preventing the "overheating" damage to the heat absorber caused by the incident solar radiation.

[0083] Embodiment 3:

[0084] Based on the above-mentioned embodiment 2, this embodiment provides a structural form of an adaptive driving unit.

[0085] The adaptive driving unit comprises: a transparent supporting ring 2 , a rotating shaft 5 , rotating blades 6 and a fixing sleeve 9 .

[0086] The transparent support ring 2 is coaxially installed in the transparent tube body 1 and is located at the end thereof, and the outer wall surface of the transparent support ring 2 is in contact with the inner wall surface of the transparent tube body 1. The rotating shaft 5 is arranged radially along the vertical direction of the transparent tube body 1, and the two focusing reflectors 3 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the rotating shaft 5; the upper and lower ends of the rotating shaft 5 are respectively supported on the transparent support ring 2; the rotating shaft 5 can rotate around its own axis; the fixed sleeve 9 is coaxially installed at the lower end of the rotating shaft 5. The rotating shaft 5 is equipped with a rotating blade 6, and the rotating blade 6 can drive the rotating shaft 5 to rotate under the drive of the heat transfer medium; as an example, when there is no heat transfer medium flowing in the transparent tube body 1, the rotating blade 6 is perpendicular to the axis of the transparent tube body 1; when there is heat transfer medium flowing in the transparent tube body 1, the rotating blade 6 can be driven by the heat transfer medium to rotate to a state where the surface is perpendicular to the cross section of the transparent tube body 1.

[0087] The slide rail A7 and the slide rail B8 are arranged crosswise at the rotating shaft 5; wherein the slide rail A7 passes through the fixed sleeve 9 and the middle part is installed on the fixed sleeve 9, and the slide rail B8 passes through the rotating shaft 5 and the middle part is installed on the rotating shaft 5; thus, the slide rail A7 is fixed, while the slide rail B8 can rotate with the rotating shaft 5 to achieve movement away from the slide rail A7 (that is, the slide rail B8 can move along the rotating shaft 5). Figure 1The described clockwise rotation) or movement close to the slide rail A7. Thus, the slide rail A7 and the slide rail B8 form an X-shaped structure that can be opened and closed; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the open state of the slide rail A7 and the slide rail B8. Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the closed state of the slide rail A7 and the slide rail B8.

[0088] A slider 10 is installed between the slide rails A7 and B8 on both sides of the rotating shaft 5, and the slider 10 can slide along the channel formed between the slide rails A7 and B8. The focusing reflector 3 is connected to the slider 10 on the corresponding side through the connecting piece 11 (in this solution, each reflector adaptive movement mechanism has two connecting pieces 11 and two sliders 10; corresponding to two groups of reflector adaptive movement mechanisms, there are four connecting pieces 11 and four sliders 10). Therefore, when the slider 10 slides on the V-shaped slideway between the slide rails A7 and B8, it can drive the focusing reflector 3 to move upward or downward along the inner circumference of the transparent tube body 1 to achieve the switching between the two states.

[0089] In addition, a V-shaped spring piece 12 is provided at the bottom of the V-shaped structure formed by the slide rails A7 and B8 on both sides of the rotating shaft 5 (i.e., the sharp corners of the V-shaped structure). The two sheets of the spring piece 12 are respectively connected to the slide rails A7 and B8. In the natural state (i.e., when the rotating shaft 5 does not rotate), the two sheets of the spring piece 12 are in a closed state, and the slide rails A7 and B8 are in a closed state. When the rotating shaft 5 rotates and drives the slide rail B8 to rotate so that the slide rails A7 and B8 are in an open state, the two sheets of the spring piece 12 open to generate a restoring force.

[0090] When the heat collecting device is initially operated (i.e., when not in heat collecting operation), the slide rails A7 and B8 are in the following positions: Figure 6 In the closed state shown, the rotating blades 6 are perpendicular to the axis of the transparent tube body 1; when it is necessary to receive the solar rays 13 for heat collection operation, the fan in the circulation pipeline where the heat collection device is located is started to make the heat transfer medium flow in the set direction (in this example, the heat transfer medium flows clockwise), and the heat transfer medium flows through the glass tube body 1, driving the rotating blades 6 to drive the rotating shaft 5 to rotate clockwise, and then drives the slide rail B8 to rotate in the direction away from the slide rail A7 (i.e., clockwise), so that a sliding channel is formed between the slide rails A7 and the slide rails B8 (at this time, the two sheets of the spring 12 are open to generate a restoring force), and at this time, the slider 10 slides downward along the sliding channel under the action of its own gravity, and drives the focusing reflector 3 to slide downward through the connecting piece 11 until the slider 10 slides to the bottom of the sliding channel, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 In the state shown, the two light-collecting reflectors 3 are located below the heat-absorbing body 4, and the inner surfaces of the two light-collecting reflectors 3 face upward as light-collecting reflecting surfaces.

[0091] When the heat collection is not in operation, the fan stops working, the heat transfer medium stops flowing, and the force of the heat transfer medium on the surface of the rotating blade 6 disappears; at this time, under the action of the restoring force of the spring 12, the slide rail B8 rotates in the direction close to the slide rail A7 (i.e., counterclockwise); at this time, the slide rails A7 and B8 simultaneously generate pressure on the slider 10, and the pressure generates an upward component force on the slider 10, driving the slider 10 to move upward, and driving the focusing reflector 3 to slide upward through the connecting piece 11, so that the two focusing reflectors 3 form a shading surface above the heat absorber 4, and at this time, the slide rail B8 also drives the rotating shaft 5 to rotate in the opposite direction, so that the rotating blade 6 returns to its initial state.

[0092] Therefore, the setting of rotating blades in the reflector adaptive moving mechanism enables it to adaptively switch the position of each focusing reflector 3 according to the working state of the heat collecting device, thereby achieving the purpose of heat collection adaptation and overheating protection of the heat absorber in the non-heat collection state.

[0093] Embodiment 4:

[0094] On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment 2, in order to further reduce the flow resistance of the heat transfer medium when the concentrating heat collecting device is running, the adaptive driving unit adopts the following Fig.11 The structure of the double rotating shaft and the double rotating blades shown. In this example, there are still two sets of reflector adaptive moving mechanisms, which are respectively installed at the two axial ends inside the transparent tube body 1.

[0095] like Fig.11 and 12 As shown, the adaptive driving unit includes: a transparent supporting ring 2 , a fixing sleeve 9 , two rotating shafts 5 and two rotating blades 6 .

[0096] In this example, the rotating shaft 5 simultaneously drives the slide rail A7 and the slide rail B8 to move toward or away from each other to achieve closing or opening.

[0097] The fixed sleeve 9 is arranged along the radial direction of the vertical direction of the transparent tube body 1 and is arranged on the inner bottom surface of the transparent support ring 2. The slide rail A7 and the slide rail B8 are arranged crosswise at the fixed sleeve 9 to form an X-shaped structure that can be opened and closed; Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the open state of the slide rail A7 and the slide rail B8. Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the closed state of the slide rail A7 and the slide rail B8. That is, in this example, the slide rail A7 and the slide rail B8 can both rotate to achieve closing or opening.

[0098] In this solution, two rotating shafts 5 are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the transparent tube body 1, and the upper and lower ends of the rotating shafts 5 are supported on the transparent support ring 2, and the two rotating shafts 5 can rotate around their own axes. A rotating blade 6 is installed on each rotating shaft 5 (the two rotating blades 6 are similar to two double doors). In the non-heat collection operation state, the two rotating blades 6 are closed and located in the plane where the cross section of the transparent tube body 1 is located (that is, perpendicular to the axis of the transparent tube body 1).

[0099] The lower end of the rotating shaft 5 is coaxially mounted with a rotating wheel 14, and two opposite sides of the outer circumference of the rotating wheel 14 have convex teeth. The upper ends of the slide rails A7 and B8 are respectively in contact with the two convex teeth of the corresponding side rotating wheel 14. When the rotating shaft 5 drives the rotating wheel 14 to rotate coaxially, the convex teeth drive the slide rails A7 and B8 to rotate to achieve opening.

[0100] When the concentrating heat collecting device is in operation, the heat transfer medium flows through the transparent tube body 1, driving the two rotating blades 6 to rotate along the direction of the heat transfer medium flow. Fig.11 As shown, at this time, the rotating blade on the right rotates clockwise, and the rotating blade on the left rotates counterclockwise; the rotation of the rotating blade 6 drives the corresponding rotating shaft 5 to rotate, and drives the rotating wheel 14 to rotate coaxially through the rotating shaft 5, and the rotation of the rotating wheel 14 drives the slide rail A7 and the slide rail B8 to rotate in opposite directions, that is, open and drive the slide rail A7 and the slide rail B8, thereby forming a sliding channel between the two, so that the slider 10 can move downward, and then drive the focusing reflector 3 to slide downward to form a focusing reflecting surface.

[0101] When the device is not in heat collection operation, no heat transfer medium flows in the transparent tube body 1, and the force of the heat transfer medium on the surface of the rotating blade 6 disappears; at this time, under the action of the restoring force of the spring 12, the slide rail A7 and the slide rail B8 are driven to move towards each other (at this time, the rotating shaft 5 is also driven to rotate in the same direction, so that the two rotating blades 6 are closed), and then the slider 10 is driven to move upward, so that the focusing reflector 3 is converted into a light-shielding state.

[0102] Embodiment 5:

[0103] On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments 1 to 4, Fig.13 As shown, in order to increase the light receiving angle and light utilization efficiency of the device and improve the heat collection efficiency of the device, a focusing lens 15 is further provided.

[0104] Specifically, a condensing lens 15 is installed on the inner circumferential surface of the upper half of the transparent tube body 1, and the condensing lens 15 is installed in close contact with the inner wall surface of the transparent tube body 1. After the condensing lens 15 is installed, the propagation trajectory of the sunlight 13 after passing through the condensing lens 15 will converge toward the heat absorber 4, part of the sunlight 13 will be directly received and converted by the heat absorber 4, and part of the sunlight 13 will be further received and converted by the heat absorber 4 after being converged by the condensing lens 15, and part of the sunlight 13 will be further reflected by the condensing reflection surface after being gathered by the condensing lens 15, thereby increasing the proportion of sunlight 13 directly received by the heat absorber 4, thereby improving the heat collection capacity of the heat collection device.

[0105] Embodiment 6:

[0106] On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments 1 to 5, Fig.14 As shown, in order to increase the light receiving surface area of ​​the heat absorber 4 during heat collection operation, the uniformity of energy flux density distribution, the contact area with the heat transfer medium and the heat exchange efficiency, the heat absorber 4 is set to be a heat absorber with multiple spiral fins.

[0107] As an example, the heat absorber 4 is a multi-spiral fin heat absorber formed by radial welding of six spiral metal sheets sprayed with high-efficiency light absorbing materials and evenly spaced along the circumference. When the sunlight 13 passes through the transparent tube body 1, it will be evenly incident on each metal sheet of the multi-spiral fin heat absorber 4 directly or after being reflected by the focusing reflective surface. At the same time, when the heat transfer medium flows through the transparent tube body, the rotating multi-spiral fin heat absorber 4 has a better disturbance effect on the heat transfer medium, and the area for convective heat exchange between the heat transfer medium and each metal sheet of the multi-spiral fin heat absorber 4 is larger, which significantly improves the uniformity of the energy flux density distribution on the surface of the multi-spiral fin heat absorber 4, the heat exchange area and heat exchange efficiency with the heat transfer medium.

[0108] Embodiment 7:

[0109] This embodiment provides a method of using the above-mentioned adaptive concentrating solar thermal collector on a yurt 16 .

[0110] like Fig.15 As shown, a plurality of adaptive concentrating solar thermal collectors are arranged outside the yurt 16 to form a thermal collection system. The plurality of adaptive concentrating solar thermal collectors are respectively arranged at the maintenance felt 17 on the south, southeast and southwest sides of the yurt 16. Preferably, the maintenance material at the thermal collection system is replaced with a transparent plate 18 with good light transmittance and thermal insulation performance. In the autumn and winter seasons, the thermal collection system composed of a plurality of adaptive concentrating solar thermal collectors receives sunlight, converts light into heat, and provides heat to the yurt 16 through the pipeline 19.

[0111] Embodiment 8:

[0112] This embodiment provides a method for using the above-mentioned adaptive concentrating solar thermal collector in facility agriculture.

[0113] like Fig.16 As shown, a plurality of adaptive concentrating solar thermal collectors are arranged and installed outside the facility agriculture 20; wherein the plurality of adaptive concentrating solar thermal collectors are connected in series in sequence to form a group of thermal collector systems, and a plurality of thermal collector systems can be arranged in parallel.

[0114] The heat collection system is installed on the rear wall of the agricultural facility 20. In the autumn and winter seasons, the heat collection system receives sunlight, converts light into heat, and provides heat to the agricultural facility through the heat exchange pipeline installed on the rear wall.

[0115] The above contents are further detailed descriptions of the present invention in combination with specific implementation methods, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which should be regarded as falling within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive concentrating solar thermal collector, characterized in that: include: A transparent tube body (1), a light-collecting reflector (3), a heat-absorbing body (4), and a reflector adaptive moving mechanism; The light-collecting reflector (3) is used to provide a light-collecting reflecting surface; the two light-collecting reflectors (3) are arranged inside the transparent tube body (1) and are located at two opposite sides of the inner circumferential surface of the transparent tube body (1); The heat absorber (4) is installed inside the transparent tube body (1) and is located at the focal line position of the light-collecting reflector (3); The reflector adaptive movement mechanism is used to drive the two light-collecting reflectors (3) to move in the transparent tube body (1), so that when the heat collection device is in a non-heat collection operation state, the two light-collecting reflectors (3) are located above the heat absorber (4) for shading; when the heat collection device is in a heat collection operation state, the two light-collecting reflectors (3) are located below the heat absorber (4) to provide a light-collecting reflection surface; The reflector adaptive movement mechanism comprises: an adaptive drive unit, a slide rail A (7), a slide rail B (8), a slider (10), a connecting piece (11) and a spring piece (12); The slide rail A (7) and the slide rail B (8) are both arc-shaped structures and are cross-arranged at the middle to form an X-shaped structure that can be opened and closed; the V-shaped parts on both sides of the X-shaped structure form a V-shaped slideway; the two V-shaped slideways correspond to the positions of the two focusing reflectors (3) respectively; The adaptive driving unit is used to drive the slide rail A (7) and the slide rail B (8) to open under the action of the heat transfer medium in the transparent tube body (1); The slider (10) is a wedge-shaped structure with a larger upper portion and a smaller lower portion, and one slider (10) is installed in each V-shaped slideway; the light-collecting reflector (3) is connected to the slider (10) on the corresponding side via a connecting piece (11); when the slider (10) slides in the V-shaped slideway, it drives the light-collecting reflector (3) to move upward or downward along the inner circumference of the transparent tube body (1); A V-shaped spring sheet (12) is arranged in the V-shaped slideway, and two sheets of the spring sheet (12) are respectively connected to the slide rail A (7) and the slide rail B (8); when the heat collecting device is in a non-heat collecting operation state, the two sheets of the spring sheet (12) are in a closed state, the slide rail A (7) and the slide rail B (8) are in a closed state, and the two light collecting reflectors (3) are located above the heat absorbing body (4) for shading.

2. The adaptive concentrating solar thermal collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive drive unit comprises: a support ring, a rotating shaft (5), rotating blades (6) and a fixed sleeve (9); The support ring is coaxially mounted in the transparent tube body (1); the rotating shaft (5) is arranged radially along the vertical direction of the transparent tube body (1), and its two axial ends are respectively supported on the support ring, and the rotating shaft (5) can rotate around its own axis; the two focusing reflectors (3) are respectively located on the left and right sides of the rotating shaft (5); The fixed sleeve (9) is coaxially mounted on the lower end of the rotating shaft (5); a rotating blade (6) is mounted on the rotating shaft (5), and the rotating blade (6) can drive the rotating shaft (5) to rotate under the action of a heat transfer medium; The slide rail A (7) and the slide rail B (8) are cross-arranged at the rotating shaft (5), wherein the slide rail A (7) passes through a fixed sleeve (9) and the middle part is mounted on the fixed sleeve (9), and the slide rail B (8) passes through the rotating shaft (5) and the middle part is mounted on the rotating shaft (5), so that the slide rail B (8) can rotate with the rotating shaft (5) and open relative to the slide rail A (7); when the heat collection device is in a non-heat collection operation state, the spring sheet (12) drives the slide rail B (8) to rotate and close relative to the slide rail A (7).

3. The adaptive concentrating solar thermal collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive drive unit comprises: a support ring (2), two rotating shafts (5), two rotating blades (6) and a fixed sleeve (9); The support ring is coaxially mounted inside the transparent tube body (1); The fixed sleeve (9) is arranged radially along the vertical direction of the transparent tube body (1) and is arranged on the inner bottom surface of the transparent support ring (2); the slide rail A (7) and the slide rail B (8) are arranged crosswise at the fixed sleeve (9); Each light-collecting reflector (3) is provided with a corresponding rotating shaft (5), the rotating shaft (5) being arranged vertically, with both ends of the axial direction supported on support rings, and the rotating shaft (5) being capable of rotating around its own axis; a rotating blade (6) is installed on each rotating shaft (5), and the rotating blade (6) is capable of driving the rotating shaft (5) to rotate under the action of a heat transfer medium; A rotating wheel (14) is coaxially mounted on the lower end of the rotating shaft (5), and two opposite sides of the outer circumferential surface of the rotating wheel (14) have convex teeth. The upper ends of the slide rail A (7) and the slide rail B (8) are respectively in contact with two convex teeth of the corresponding side rotating wheel (14). When the rotating shaft (5) drives the rotating wheel (14) to rotate coaxially, the convex teeth drive the slide rail A (7) and the slide rail B (8) to rotate to achieve opening; when the heat collection device is in a non-heat collection operation state, the spring sheet (12) drives the slide rail A (7) and the slide rail B (8) to rotate in the opposite direction to achieve closing.

4. The adaptive concentrating solar thermal collector according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The reflector adaptive moving mechanism has two groups, which are respectively installed at two axial ends inside the transparent tube body (1).

5. The adaptive concentrating solar thermal collector according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: A focusing lens (15) is mounted on the inner circumferential surface of the upper half of the transparent tube body (1).

6. The adaptive concentrating solar thermal collector according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The heat absorber (4) can rotate around its own axis under the drive of the heat transfer medium.

7. The adaptive concentrating solar thermal collector according to claim 6, characterized in that: The heat absorber (4) is a multi-spiral fin heat absorber, that is, a plurality of spiral fins are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the heat absorber (4).

8. The adaptive concentrating solar thermal collector according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The inner and outer surfaces of the light-collecting reflector (3) are both provided with a light-reflecting layer.

9. The adaptive concentrating solar thermal collector according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The two light-collecting reflectors (3) are symmetrically arranged on two opposite sides of the inner circumferential surface of the transparent tube body (1) along the axis of the transparent tube body (1).

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