A hydrogen production system and method by direct electrolysis of non-pure aqueous solution resistant to environmental interference

Abstract

The application discloses an anti-environment-interference hydrogen production system and method by direct electrolysis of non-pure water solution, and belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production by electrolysis. The system comprises a power supply device and a hydrogen production device, wherein the power supply device is connected with the hydrogen production device and used for providing electric energy for hydrogen production reaction; and the system further comprises an electrolyte circulation and regeneration device, which specifically comprises a multi-stage mass transfer device. The multi-stage mass transfer device has a waterproof and air-permeable layer, and the internal space thereof is divided into an electrolyte chamber C and a multi-stage medium chamber B by the waterproof and air-permeable layer. The multi-stage medium chamber B comprises a plurality of medium chambers B1 to Bn, and each of the medium chambers B1 to Bn is provided with corresponding medium. The application can be used in a complex fluctuating environment, prevents the electrolyte from being polluted due to damage of the porous waterproof mass transfer layer caused by external interference, optimizes the device structure, and further provides a new anti-environment-interference hydrogen production method by direct electrolysis of non-pure water solution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrolytic hydrogen production technology, and more specifically, to a direct electrolytic hydrogen production system and method using non-pure aqueous solutions that is resistant to environmental interference. Background Technology

[0002] In a prior application, Chinese patent application CN115466968A disclosed an electrolytic hydrogen production system that does not require pure water. The system includes an energy supply module, an electrolytic hydrogen production module, and an electrolyte circulation and regeneration module. The energy supply module is connected to the electrolytic hydrogen production module, and the electrolyte circulation and regeneration module is connected to the electrolytic hydrogen production module. This system can achieve internal self-circulation of the electrolyte without the need to add electrolyte or pure water.

[0003] During the ongoing research, the following new technical problems were encountered:

[0004] The aforementioned system is difficult to use in complex and fluctuating environments. For example, when encountering non-pure aqueous solutions, the impurities in these solutions can poison and corrode the electrolysis system, posing a technical problem of electrolyte contamination due to damage to the porous waterproof mass transfer layer caused by external interference. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a non-pure aqueous solution direct electrolysis hydrogen production system and method that is resistant to environmental interference. It can be used in complex and fluctuating environments, prevents the electrolyte from being contaminated due to damage to the porous waterproof mass transfer layer caused by external interference, and optimizes the device structure.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following solution:

[0007] A non-pure aqueous solution direct electrolysis hydrogen production system resistant to environmental interference includes a power supply device and an electrolysis hydrogen production device. The power supply device is connected to the electrolysis hydrogen production device to provide electrical energy for the hydrogen production reaction. It also includes an electrolyte circulation and regeneration device, specifically comprising a multi-stage mass transfer device. The multi-stage mass transfer device has a waterproof and breathable layer, and its internal space is divided by the waterproof and breathable layer into an electrolyte chamber C and a multi-stage medium chamber B. The multi-stage medium chamber B includes multiple medium chambers B1 to Bn, each containing a corresponding medium. B1, containing a first medium, is connected to B2, containing a second medium; B2, containing a second medium, is connected to B3, containing a third medium, and so on, until it is connected to Bn, containing the nth medium. The non-pure aqueous solution is introduced from the medium chamber B1.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a non-pure aqueous solution chamber A, which is filled with a non-pure aqueous solution.

[0009] Furthermore, the multi-stage mass transfer device is installed by direct immersion in a non-pure aqueous solution.

[0010] Furthermore, the waterproof and breathable layer is a porous hydrophobic PTFE layer.

[0011] Furthermore, the non-pure aqueous solution is selected from any water resource such as seawater, mine water, oilfield wastewater, coalbed water, lake water, river water, coalbed water, and sewage wastewater.

[0012] Furthermore, the electrolyte filled in the electrolytic cell of the electrolytic hydrogen production device is an electrolyte suitable for the type of electrolytic cell.

[0013] Furthermore, if the electrolytic cell in the hydrogen electrolysis device is an alkaline electrolytic cell, then the electrolyte filled in the alkaline electrolytic cell is an alkaline electrolyte, such as potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide solution.

[0014] Furthermore, if the electrolytic cell in the hydrogen production device is a PEM electrolytic cell, then the electrolyte filled in the PEM electrolytic cell is an acidic electrolyte, such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid solution, etc.

[0015] Furthermore, if the electrolytic cell in the electrolytic hydrogen production device is an AEM electrolytic cell, then the electrolyte filled in the AEM electrolytic cell is an alkaline electrolyte, such as potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate solution.

[0016] Furthermore, the electrolyzer of the hydrogen production unit is filled with an electrolyte whose saturated vapor pressure is lower than the saturated vapor pressure of the medium in any chamber of the multi-stage mass transfer device.

[0017] Furthermore, a hydrogen production method based on the environmentally resistant direct electrolysis hydrogen production system of non-pure aqueous solution as described in any of the preceding claims includes the following steps:

[0018] S1, in the multi-stage mass transfer device, the corresponding media with progressively decreasing saturated vapor pressure are loaded into B1 to Bn, and the saturated vapor pressure in B1 is lower than that of the non-pure aqueous solution.

[0019] S2, when the multi-stage media with concentration gradient and the non-pure aqueous solution flow closely to each other in the waterproof and breathable layer, the vapor pressure difference at the interface between the non-pure aqueous solution with high saturated vapor pressure and the first-stage media chamber B1 of the multi-stage media chamber B causes the non-pure aqueous solution to undergo phase change and vaporization. The generated water vapor enters the first-stage media chamber B1 through the waterproof and breathable layer, and under the action of the interface vapor pressure difference, it induces the water vapor to liquefy and undergo a secondary phase change, realizing the first-stage "liquid-gas-liquid" phase change migration process.

[0020] When the interfacial vapor pressure difference between the first-stage medium with a relatively high saturated vapor pressure and the second-stage medium solution with a relatively low saturated vapor pressure causes the first-stage medium to undergo phase change vaporization, the generated water vapor enters the second-stage medium chamber B2 through the waterproof and breathable layer, and under the action of the interfacial vapor pressure difference, the water vapor is induced to liquefy and undergo phase change again, realizing the second-stage "liquid-gas-liquid" phase change migration process.

[0021] The media that can be selected from B1 to Bn include non-volatile acids, bases, and salts with strong hygroscopicity, deliquescence, and hydrophilicity, such as KOH, NaOH, KHCO3, NaHCO3, H2SO4, HClO4, HIO4, and LiCl; and the media in the chambers B1 to Bn are not limited to any one of the above, but can be a combination of multiple media; and so on, the water will eventually be replenished to the last stage medium, and then transferred from the last stage medium to the electrolyte, realizing the electrolyte cycle regeneration and completing the hydrogen production.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0023] This invention mainly improves the electrolyte recycling device. During operation, the waterproof and breathable layer blocks impurities in the non-pure aqueous solution and prevents the electrolyte from being contaminated by the non-pure aqueous solution. In addition, the multi-stage mass transfer of water is beneficial for the system to be used in complex and fluctuating environments. Even if the first few waterproof and breathable layers are damaged, it can still prevent the non-pure aqueous solution from directly contacting the electrolyte and affecting the electrolytic hydrogen production effect.

[0024] The multi-stage mass transfer device of the present invention can also be directly immersed in a non-pure aqueous solution without the outermost non-pure aqueous solution mass transfer chamber, thereby optimizing the device structure.

[0025] This invention overcomes the poisoning and corrosive effects of impurities in non-pure aqueous solutions on the electrolysis system, enabling its use in complex and fluctuating environments. It prevents electrolyte contamination due to damage to the porous waterproof mass transfer layer caused by external interference. This system and method can directly electrolyze hydrogen in any non-pure water environment, such as seawater, mine water, oilfield wastewater, coalbed water, lake water, river water, coalbed water, and sewage wastewater.

[0026] This invention provides a novel method for direct electrolysis of non-pure aqueous solutions to produce hydrogen, which is resistant to environmental interference. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The accompanying drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a non-pure aqueous solution direct electrolysis hydrogen production system resistant to environmental interference according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a non-pure aqueous solution direct electrolysis hydrogen production system resistant to environmental interference, according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 The experimental results of Case 1 were used to verify the technical effectiveness;

[0031] Figure 4 The experimental results of Case 2 were used to verify the technical effectiveness;

[0032] Figure 5 The experimental results of Case 3 were used to verify the technical effectiveness;

[0033] In the diagram, 20 represents a multi-stage mass transfer device, A represents a non-pure aqueous solution chamber, B represents a multi-stage medium chamber, and C represents an electrolyte chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0034] All features disclosed in all embodiments of this specification, or steps in all methods or processes implied in the disclosure, may be combined or substituted in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps.

[0035] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following description. Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any appended claims, abstract, and drawings) may be replaced by other equivalent or similar features unless specifically stated otherwise. That is, unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is merely one example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Before describing the embodiments, some necessary terms need to be explained. For example:

[0038] If terms such as "first" and "second" are used to describe various elements in this application, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. Therefore, the "first" element discussed below may also be referred to as the "second" element without departing from the teachings of the invention. It should be understood that when an element is referred to as "connected" or "linked" to another element, it may be directly connected or directly linked to the other element, or there may be an intermediate element. Conversely, when an element is referred to as "directly connected" or "directly linked" to another element, there is no intermediate element.

[0039] The various terms appearing in this application are used only for describing particular embodiments and are not intended to limit the invention. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well.

[0040] When the terms “comprising” and / or “including” are used in this specification, these terms indicate the presence of the said feature, integral, element and / or component, but do not exclude the presence and / or addition of more than one other feature, integral, element, component and / or group thereof.

[0041] exist Figure 1In the diagram, 1 represents the power supply module; 2 represents the electrolyzer; 3 represents the hydrogen separator; 4 represents the hydrogen scrubber; 5 represents the hydrogen regulating valve; 6 represents check valve I; 7 represents the hydrogen cooler; 8 represents the hydrogen storage tank; 9 represents the oxygen separator; 10 represents the oxygen scrubber; 11 represents the oxygen regulating valve; 12 represents check valve II; 13 represents the oxygen cooler; 14 represents the oxygen storage tank; 15 represents the radiator; 16 represents the cooling water tank; 17 represents the cooling water pump; 18 represents the heat exchanger; 19 represents the filter; 20 represents the multi-stage mass transfer device; 21 represents the electrolyte circulation pump; 22 represents check valve III; 23 represents the electrolyte temperature controller; 24 represents check valve IV; and 25 represents the non-pure water circulation pump. In this invention, the improvement lies in the multi-stage mass transferor 20. In the technical solution of Chinese patent application CN115466968A, the corresponding component is an energy-free mass transferor. However, the technical problems mentioned in the background were encountered during application. Therefore, the following technical solution is proposed: A non-pure aqueous solution direct electrolysis hydrogen production system resistant to environmental interference, comprising an energy supply device and an electrolysis hydrogen production device, wherein the energy supply device is connected to the electrolysis hydrogen production device to provide electrical energy for the hydrogen production reaction; and further comprising an electrolyte recycling and regeneration device. Specifically, it includes a multi-stage mass transfer device 20, which has a waterproof and breathable layer, and its internal space is divided into an electrolyte chamber C and a multi-stage medium chamber B by the waterproof and breathable layer. The multi-stage medium chamber B includes multiple medium chambers B1 to Bn, each of which contains a corresponding medium. B1, which contains a first medium, is connected to B2, which contains a second medium. B2, which contains a second medium, is connected to B3, which contains a third medium, and so on, until it is connected to Bn, which contains the nth medium. Non-pure aqueous solutions are introduced from the medium chamber B1.

[0042] Optional implementation methods, such as Figure 1 As shown, it also includes a non-pure aqueous solution chamber A, which is filled with a non-pure aqueous solution.

[0043] Optional implementation methods, such as Figure 2 As shown, the multi-stage mass transfer device 20 is installed in a position where it is directly immersed in a non-pure aqueous solution.

[0044] In an optional embodiment, the waterproof and breathable layer is a porous hydrophobic PTFE layer.

[0045] In an optional implementation, the non-pure aqueous solution is selected from any water resource such as seawater, mine water, oilfield wastewater, coalbed water, lake water, river water, and sewage wastewater.

[0046] In an optional implementation, the electrolyte filled in the electrolyzer of the hydrogen production device is an electrolyte suitable for the type of electrolyzer.

[0047] In an optional implementation, if the electrolytic cell in the hydrogen electrolysis device is an alkaline electrolytic cell, then the electrolyte filled in the alkaline electrolytic cell is an alkaline electrolyte.

[0048] In an optional implementation, if the electrolytic cell in the electrolytic hydrogen production device is a PEM electrolytic cell, then the electrolyte filled in the PEM electrolytic cell is an acidic electrolyte, such as potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide solution.

[0049] In an optional implementation, if the electrolytic cell in the electrolytic hydrogen production device is an AEM electrolytic cell, then the electrolyte filled in the AEM electrolytic cell is an alkaline electrolyte, such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid solution, etc.

[0050] In an optional embodiment, the electrolytic cell of the electrolytic hydrogen production device is filled with an electrolyte, such as potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate solution, whose saturated vapor pressure is lower than that of the medium in any chamber of the multi-stage mass transfer device 20.

[0051] This invention also provides a hydrogen production method based on the above-mentioned environmentally resistant non-pure aqueous solution direct electrolysis hydrogen production system, comprising the following operating steps:

[0052] S1, in the multi-stage mass transfer device 20, the corresponding media with progressively decreasing saturated vapor pressure are loaded into B1 to Bn, and in B1, the media with a saturated vapor pressure lower than that of the non-pure aqueous solution is loaded.

[0053] S2, when the multi-stage media with concentration gradient and the non-pure aqueous solution flow closely to each other in the waterproof and breathable layer, the vapor pressure difference at the interface between the non-pure aqueous solution with high saturated vapor pressure and the first-stage media chamber B1 of the multi-stage media chamber B causes the non-pure aqueous solution to undergo phase change and vaporization. The generated water vapor enters the first-stage media chamber B1 through the waterproof and breathable layer, and under the action of the interface vapor pressure difference, it induces the water vapor to liquefy and undergo a secondary phase change, realizing the first-stage "liquid-gas-liquid" phase change migration process.

[0054] When the interfacial vapor pressure difference between the first-stage medium with a relatively high saturated vapor pressure and the second-stage medium solution with a relatively low saturated vapor pressure causes the first-stage medium to undergo phase change vaporization, the generated water vapor enters the second-stage medium chamber B2 through the waterproof and breathable layer, and under the action of the interfacial vapor pressure difference, the water vapor is induced to liquefy and undergo phase change again, realizing the second-stage "liquid-gas-liquid" phase change migration process.

[0055] The media that can be selected from B1 to Bn include non-volatile acids, bases, and salts with strong hygroscopicity, deliquescence, and hydrophilicity, such as KOH, NaOH, KHCO3, NaHCO3, H2SO4, HClO4, HIO4, LiCl, LiBr, CuCl2, etc.; and the media in the chambers from B1 to Bn are not limited to any one of the above, but can be a combination of multiple media; and so on, the water will eventually be replenished to the last stage medium, and then transferred from the last stage medium to the electrolyte to realize the electrolyte cycle regeneration and complete the hydrogen production.

[0056] During operation, the waterproof and breathable layer blocks impurities in the non-pure aqueous solution and prevents the electrolyte from being contaminated by the non-pure aqueous solution. In addition, the multi-stage mass transfer of water is beneficial for the system to be used in complex and fluctuating environments. Even if the first few waterproof and breathable layers are damaged, it can still prevent the non-pure aqueous solution from directly contacting the electrolyte and affecting the electrolytic hydrogen production effect.

[0057] In addition, multi-stage mass transfer devices can also be directly immersed in non-pure aqueous solutions without the outermost non-pure aqueous solution mass transfer chamber, thereby optimizing the device structure. The mass transfer principle during operation is the same as described above.

[0058] The present invention provides data from the following test cases to verify the technical effects of the present invention:

[0059] Case 1:

[0060] Specific steps: Using Figure 1 In this system, seawater (vapor pressure approximately 3.1 kPa) is introduced into chamber A (a non-pure aqueous solution), 20 wt% KOH solution (vapor pressure approximately 2.48 kPa) is introduced into chamber B1, and 30 wt% KOH solution (vapor pressure approximately 1.85 kPa) is introduced into chamber C (the electrolyte chamber). Therefore, there is approximately a vapor pressure difference of 0.62 kPa between A and B1 (the first-stage mass transfer chamber), and approximately 0.63 kPa between B1 and C (the second-stage mass transfer chamber). At 250 mA / cm²... 2 The test was conducted under the specified conditions, and the experimental results are as follows: Figure 3 The system operated stably in seawater for at least 120 hours with an electrolysis energy consumption of approximately 2.1V. This indicates that the system can achieve efficient hydrogen production under multi-stage mass transfer conditions.

[0061] Case 2:

[0062] Specific steps: Using Figure 1In this system, seawater (vapor pressure approximately 3.1 kPa) is introduced into chamber A (a non-pure aqueous solution), 21 wt% KOH solution (vapor pressure approximately 2.42 kPa) is introduced into chamber B1, 31 wt% KOH solution (vapor pressure approximately 1.78 kPa) is introduced into chamber B2, and 40 wt% KOH solution (vapor pressure approximately 1.15 kPa) is introduced into chamber C (the electrolyte chamber). Therefore, there is approximately a vapor pressure difference of 0.68 kPa between A and B1 (the first-stage mass transfer chamber), approximately 0.64 kPa between B1 and B2 (the second-stage mass transfer chamber), and approximately 0.63 kPa between B2 and C (the tertiary mass transfer chamber). At 250 mA / cm²... 2 The test was conducted under the specified conditions, and the experimental results are as follows: Figure 4 The system operated stably in seawater for at least 720 hours with an electrolysis energy consumption of approximately 2.21 V. This indicates that the system can achieve efficient hydrogen production under multi-stage mass transfer conditions.

[0063] Case 3:

[0064] Specific steps: Using Figure 1 In this system, seawater (vapor pressure approximately 3.1 kPa) is introduced into chamber A (a non-pure aqueous solution), 25 wt% H₂SO₄ solution (vapor pressure approximately 2.33 kPa) is introduced into chamber B1, and 30 wt% KOH solution (vapor pressure approximately 1.85 kPa) is introduced into chamber C (the electrolyte chamber). Therefore, there is approximately a vapor pressure difference of 0.77 kPa between A and B1 (the first-stage mass transfer chamber), and approximately 0.48 kPa between B1 and C (the second-stage mass transfer chamber). At 250 mA / cm²... 2 The test was conducted under the specified conditions, and the experimental results are as follows: Figure 5 The system operates stably in seawater for at least 72 hours, with an electrolysis energy consumption of approximately 2.15V. This indicates that the system can achieve efficient hydrogen production under multi-stage mass transfer conditions.

[0065] The remaining technical features in this embodiment can be flexibly selected by those skilled in the art to meet different specific practical needs. However, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that these specific details are not necessary to implement the present invention. In other instances, to avoid obscuring the present invention, well-known components, structures, or parts are not specifically described, and all are within the scope of technical protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

[0066] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" are used in a broad sense and should be interpreted broadly by those skilled in the art. For example, a connection can be a fixed connection, a movable connection, an integral connection, or a partial connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can also refer to the internal connection of two components, etc. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances. That is, the expression of the written language can flexibly correspond to the implementation of the actual technology. The expression of the written language (including the drawings) in this specification does not constitute any single limiting interpretation of the claims.

[0067] Any modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art that do not depart from the spirit and scope of this invention should be within the protection scope of the appended claims. In the foregoing description, numerous specific details have been set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these specific details are not necessary to implement the invention.

Claims

1. An environmental interference resistant hydrogen production system by direct electrolysis of non-pure water solution, comprising a power supply device and an electrolytic hydrogen production device, the power supply device being connected to the electrolytic hydrogen production device for providing power for hydrogen production reaction; characterized in that, Further comprising an electrolyte circulation and regeneration device, the electrolyte circulation and regeneration device specifically comprising a multi-stage mass transfer device (20), the multi-stage mass transfer device (20) having a waterproof and air-permeable layer, and the internal space of the multi-stage mass transfer device (20) being divided into an electrolyte chamber C and a multi-stage medium chamber B by the waterproof and air-permeable layer, wherein the multi-stage medium chamber B comprises a plurality of medium chambers B1 to Bn, the electrolyte chamber C is connected to the medium chamber Bn, and each of the medium chambers B1 to Bn is filled with a corresponding medium; the B1 filled with a first medium is connected to the B2 filled with a second medium, the B2 filled with the second medium is connected to the B3 filled with a third medium, and so on, until being connected to the Bn filled with an nth medium; The electrolytic cell in the electrolytic hydrogen production device is filled with an electrolyte having a saturated vapor pressure lower than that of the medium in any chamber of the multi-stage mass transfer device (20); the B1 to Bn of the multi-stage mass transfer device (20) are filled with corresponding media with gradually decreasing saturated vapor pressures, and the B1 is filled with a medium having a saturated vapor pressure lower than that of the non-pure water solution.

2. The environmentally robust non-pure water solution direct electrolysis hydrogen generation system of claim 1, wherein, Further comprising a non-pure water solution chamber A filled with a non-pure water solution, the non-pure water solution chamber A being connected to the medium chamber B1.

3. The environmentally robust non-pure water solution direct electrolysis hydrogen generation system of claim 1, wherein, The multi-stage mass transfer device (20) is installed directly immersed in the non-pure water solution.

4. The environmentally robust non-pure water solution direct electrolysis hydrogen generation system of claim 1, wherein, The waterproof and air-permeable layer is a PTFE porous hydrophobic layer.

5. The environmentally robust non-pure water solution direct electrolysis hydrogen generation system of claim 1, wherein, The non-pure water solution comprises any one selected from seawater, mine water, oilfield wastewater, coal seam water, lake water, and river water.

6. The non-pure water solution direct electrolysis system for hydrogen production immune to environmental disturbances according to claim 2, characterized in that, The electrolyte filled in the electrolytic cell in the electrolytic hydrogen production device is an electrolyte suitable for the type of electrolytic cell.

7. The environmentally robust non-pure water solution direct electrolysis hydrogen generation system of claim 6, wherein, If the electrolytic cell in the electrolytic hydrogen production device is an alkaline electrolytic cell, the electrolyte filled in the alkaline electrolytic cell is an alkaline electrolyte.

8. The non-pure water solution direct electrolysis system for hydrogen production resistant to environmental interference according to claim 6, characterized in that, If the electrolytic cell in the electrolytic hydrogen production device is a PEM electrolytic cell, the electrolyte filled in the PEM electrolytic cell is an acidic electrolyte.

9. The non-pure water solution direct electrolysis system for hydrogen production immune to environmental disturbances according to claim 6, characterized in that, If the electrolytic cell in the electrolytic hydrogen production device is an AEM electrolytic cell, the electrolyte filled in the AEM electrolytic cell is an alkaline electrolyte.

10. A method for producing hydrogen based on the direct electrolysis of an environmentally robust non-pure aqueous solution according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, filling the B1 to Bn of the multi-stage mass transfer device (20) with corresponding media with gradually decreasing saturated vapor pressures, and filling the B1 with a medium having a saturated vapor pressure lower than that of the non-pure water solution; S2, when the multi-stage medium with a concentration gradient and the non-pure water solution flow close to each other with the waterproof and air-permeable layer, the interface vapor pressure difference between the non-pure water solution with a high saturated vapor pressure and the first-stage medium chamber B1 of the multi-stage medium chamber B causes the non-pure water solution to undergo phase change vaporization, the generated water vapor enters the first-stage medium chamber B1 through the waterproof and air-permeable layer, and the water vapor is induced to undergo secondary phase change under the action of the interface vapor pressure difference, realizing the process of first-stage "liquid-gas-liquid" phase transition migration. When the interface vapor pressure difference between the first-stage medium with relatively high saturated vapor pressure and the second-stage medium solution with relatively low saturated vapor pressure causes the first-stage medium to undergo phase change vaporization, the generated water vapor enters the second-stage medium chamber B2 through the waterproof and breathable layer, and under the action of the interface vapor pressure difference, the water vapor is induced to undergo phase change again, realizing the process of the second-stage "liquid-gas-liquid" phase change migration; the media filled in B1 to Bn include one or more combinations of non-volatile acid, base and salt with strong moisture absorption, deliquescence and hydrophilicity; By analogy, moisture will eventually be replenished into the last-stage medium, and then mass transfer from the last-stage medium to the electrolyte, realizing the electrolyte cyclic regeneration and completing the hydrogen production.

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