Method and device for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases by burning crop stubble

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and device for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases by burning crop stubble. The method comprises the following steps: S1. cutting and collecting the shallow soil layer where the stubble is located; S2. separating and processing the collected shallow soil layer, removing the soil carried by the stubble, and obtaining separated stubble and soil; S3. burning the separated stubble, and heating the separated soil with the high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion; S4. mixing the ash from the burned stubble with the heated soil, and then returning the ash to the field. The present application utilizes the high calorific value characteristics of crop stubble, and the high-temperature flue gas generated by its combustion heats the surface soil, thereby killing the stubble and the diseased and insect eggs and pathogenic microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil carried by the stubble. It can also form a certain thermal contact killing effect on the diseases and insect pests in the soil, reduce the degree of damage caused by the diseases and insect pests, and thus achieve the purpose of green prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular relates to a method and a device for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases by burning crop stubble. Background Art

[0002] Pests and diseases have become a significant factor affecting my country's grain production. To effectively control crop pests and diseases, my country uses approximately 1.4 million tons of pesticides annually, or about 10 kg per hectare of arable land, two to three times the amount used in developed countries. This excessive use of pesticides not only increases agricultural production costs but also negatively impacts the quality of agricultural products. Reducing pesticide use has become a key component of green agricultural development in my country.

[0003] At present, pest and disease control in agricultural production is mainly carried out through land rotation and drug control. Due to the limited arable land in my country and the increased multiple cropping rate to meet domestic food demand, it is impossible to fully and effectively carry out crop rotation to reduce pests and diseases. Drug control has become the main way to control pests and diseases in my country's agricultural production.

[0004] Soil-borne pests and diseases are a type of agricultural pest that primarily concentrates in the soil and crop stubble. Insect eggs, bacteria, and viruses hide in the shallow soil, underground root tissue, and near-ground rhizomes. When conditions are favorable, they spread from the roots, directly harming the roots and stems, causing them to wither and yellow, or even die, resulting in reduced or even complete crop failure. Because soil-borne diseases typically occur in the middle and late stages of crop growth, when plants are large and interplant interstices are small, pesticide spraying is less effective, posing a greater direct threat. Furthermore, because soil-borne pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and eggs primarily develop in the late stages of crop growth and reside primarily in the roots and surface soil, they can return to the soil with the stubble if not promptly removed or destroyed at harvest, exacerbating crop disease the following year. Currently, soil-borne pest control primarily relies on applying quicklime and pesticides to the soil. This not only requires high dosages and is costly, but also creates pesticide residues and damages the soil ecosystem. Therefore, it has become an urgent need in current agricultural production to carry out green control of soil-borne diseases and insect pests based on the distribution characteristics of soil-borne diseases and insect pests using non-chemical drugs.

[0005] Root stubble is the part of crops that remains in the soil and on the surface after harvest. It is generally turned directly into the soil with the cultivated land or exposed on the surface to degrade naturally. In the later stage of crop growth, since soil-borne pests and diseases are mainly concentrated in the roots and stems of crops, direct degradation and disposal without treatment will cause the hiding and accumulation of soil pests and diseases, aggravating the condition of the crops. Root stubble is the main part that absorbs nutrients from the soil and fixes the plants during the growth of crops. It not only accounts for a high proportion of the mass of the crop stems, but is also the part with the highest degree of lignification and the greatest strength. The higher lignin content makes the root stubble have a higher calorific value than the stems. The present application utilizes the high calorific value characteristics of crop root stubble, and the high-temperature flue gas formed by its complete combustion to heat the surface soil can not only directly kill the pest and disease eggs and pathogenic microorganisms carried by the root stubble, but also form a certain thermal contact killing effect on the pests and diseases in the soil, reduce the degree of damage caused by the pests and diseases, and thus achieve the purpose of green prevention and control of pests and diseases. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases by burning crop stubble in order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases by burning crop stubble comprises the following steps:

[0009] S1. Cut and collect the shallow soil layer where the root stubble is located;

[0010] S2. The shallow soil layer collected is separated and processed to remove the soil carried by the stubble to obtain the separated stubble and soil;

[0011] S3. The stubble after separation is burned, and the high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion heats the soil after separation;

[0012] S4. Mixing the ash from the burned stubble with the heated soil, and then returning the mixture to the field.

[0013] Preferably, the shallow soil layer cutting depth in step S1 is 5 to 10 cm.

[0014] Preferably, in step S3, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion is controlled to be 450-550°C, the soil heating time is not less than 10 seconds, and the soil is heated to a temperature of 65-80°C.

[0015] A device for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases by burning crop stubble, comprising a soil cutting device, a stubble separation device, a stubble burning device and a soil heating device;

[0016] The soil cutting device is used to cut the shallow soil layer where the stubble is located, and separate the stubble from the soil layer;

[0017] The root stubble separation device is used to separate and process the shallow soil layer cut by the soil cutting device, remove the soil carried by the root stubble, and obtain separated root stubble and soil;

[0018] The root stubble combustion device is used to burn the separated root stubble to obtain high-temperature flue gas and ash after combustion; the root stubble combustion device includes a fuel bin, a lower combustion chamber and an upper combustion chamber; the fuel bin is provided with a root stubble inlet and outlet; the lower combustion chamber is provided with a segmented stepped grate, and the first segment of the stepped grate is directly opposite to the fuel bin outlet; each segment of the stepped grate is equipped with a special air distribution chamber and a pushing device; the pushing device is used to push the root stubble and the ash formed by combustion to move on the stepped grate at each stage; the air distribution chamber is used to independently distribute air according to the root stubble combustion conditions of each segment of the stepped grate; the upper combustion chamber is connected to the lower combustion chamber, and a secondary air supply device is provided in the upper combustion chamber. Under the action of the secondary air supply, the incomplete combustion components produced in the lower combustion chamber are secondary burned to reduce the generation of black smoke;

[0019] The soil heating device uses the high-temperature flue gas generated by burning the stubble as a heat source to heat the separated soil.

[0020] Preferably, each section of the stepped grate is a striped grate, and the direction of the stripe is the same as the direction of the steps;

[0021] The pushing device is located below the segmented stepped grate, and includes a push rod, a pushing drive device, a support rod and a shifting tooth; the shifting tooth is located at one end of the push rod, and the number of the shifting tooth corresponds to the grate bar gap, and each shifting tooth is directly opposite the grate bar gap; the support rod is located at the bottom of the push rod, and the height of the support rod is adjustable; the other end of the push rod is movably connected to the pushing drive device, and can move up and down along the pushing drive device under the action of the support rod, thereby driving the shifting tooth height to change accordingly;

[0022] When the pushing device drives the push rod to push, the height of the support rod is adjusted so that the shifting teeth are just inserted into the grate gap so as to push the root stubble and ash formed by combustion; when the root stubble and ash reach the specified position, the height of the support rod is adjusted so that the shifting teeth are away from the grate gap, and the pushing device drives the push rod to return to the initial position.

[0023] Preferably, the soil heating device includes a soil inlet bin and a folding plate type lower bin located below the discharge port of the soil inlet bin, and downwardly inclined folding plates are cross-arranged on the inner walls of both sides of the folding plate type lower bin;

[0024] The folding plate lower hopper is connected to the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the stubble burning device, and the soil is heated by contact with the high-temperature flue gas during the process of falling from the folding plate lower hopper and sliding on the folding plate.

[0025] Preferably, the stubble burning device and the soil heating device are integrated into one device; the soil heating device is connected to the stubble burning device and can heat the soil using the high-temperature flue gas generated by the stubble burning;

[0026] The integrated device is also equipped with an ash storage chamber, a soil storage bin and a mixed discharge bin;

[0027] The top of the ash storage chamber is connected to the ash outlet of the stubble burning device, and the ash after the stubble burning is first stored in the ash storage chamber; the top of the soil storage bin is connected to the soil outlet of the soil heating device, and the heated soil is first stored in the soil storage bin;

[0028] The bottom of the ash storage chamber and the soil storage bin are connected to the top of the mixing discharge bin, and a rotating dial is provided at the connection; when the rotating dial rotates, the ash in the ash storage chamber and the soil in the soil storage bin can be transported to the mixing discharge bin for mixing; when the rotating dial is stationary, the ash storage chamber and the soil storage bin are closed, and the material cannot be transported to the mixing discharge bin; a discharge valve is provided at the bottom of the mixing discharge bin.

[0029] Preferably, a first material sensor is provided in the ash storage chamber, and a second material sensor is provided in the mixed discharge bin; the first material sensor and the second material sensor are both electrically connected to the rotary dial and the discharge valve;

[0030] The first material sensor is used to detect the ash storage amount in the ash storage chamber. When the detected ash storage amount is lower than a set threshold, the rotary dial stops, the discharge valve opens, and the mixed material in the mixed discharge bin is discharged; when the detected ash storage amount is higher than the set threshold, the rotary dial rotates, the discharge valve closes, and the ash in the ash storage chamber and the soil in the soil storage bin are transported to the mixed discharge bin for mixing;

[0031] The second material sensor is used to detect the storage amount of the mixed material in the mixed material discharging bin. When the detected storage amount is higher than a set threshold, the discharge valve opens to discharge the mixed material in the mixed material discharging bin.

[0032] Preferably, the integrated device is further provided with a downwardly inclined partition plate, the stubble burning device and the soil heating device are respectively located on both sides of the partition plate; the partition plate includes a vertical section located at the top for separating the upper combustion chamber and an inclined section located at the bottom for separating the lower combustion chamber, the upper and lower sides of the inclined section are respectively connected to the soil outlet of the soil heating device and the top of the soil storage bin;

[0033] The high-temperature flue gas generated by the stubble burning device can flow to the inclined section area of ​​the partition plate. The soil heated by the soil heating device is stored in the soil storage bin through the inclined section of the partition plate. The soil is further heated by contact with the high-temperature flue gas during the sliding process of the inclined section of the partition plate.

[0034] Preferably, the integrated device is further provided with a flue gas purification device, the flue gas purification device comprising an ash settling chamber, an ash sliding port located at the bottom of the ash settling chamber, and an induced draft fan connected to the ash settling chamber;

[0035] The air inlet of the ash settling chamber is connected to the soil heating device, and the high-temperature flue gas after heating the soil is transported to the ash settling chamber through the induced draft fan, so that the ash contained in the high-temperature flue gas is precipitated;

[0036] The bottom of the ash sliding port is communicated with the top of the soil storage bin, and the precipitated ash is transported to the soil storage bin through the ash sliding port.

[0037] This application utilizes the high calorific value of crop stubble to heat the surface soil with the high-temperature flue gas generated by its combustion, thereby killing the stubble and the eggs and pathogenic microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil it carries. It can also have a certain thermal contact killing effect on pests and diseases in the soil, reducing the degree of damage caused by pests and diseases, thereby achieving the purpose of green pest control and effectively solving the technical problems existing in the existing technology of drug control and land rotation. In addition, this application also provides a device for use in the above method, which can fully burn the stubble and fully heat the soil, fully realizing the above technical effects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 This is a process flow chart of the method for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases by burning crop stubble provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the stubble burning device and the soil heating device provided by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the stubble burning device provided by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Top view of the middle gap grate;

[0042] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 Cross-section of the middle-gap grate;

[0043] Among them, 1-support body; 2-travel wheel; 3-fuel bin; 4-lower combustion chamber; 5-upper combustion chamber; 6-stepped grate; 7-air distribution chamber; 8-front arch; 9-ash outlet; 10-high-temperature flue gas outlet; 11-air preheater; 12-push rod; 13-pushing drive device; 14-support rod; 15-push teeth; 16-connecting rod; 17-soil inlet bin; 18-folding plate; 19-folding plate type discharge bin; 20-screw feeding device; 21-rotating paddle; 22-adjusting rod; 23-ash storage chamber; 24-soil storage bin; 25-mixed discharge bin; 26-rotating paddle wheel; 27-partition plate; 28-ash settling chamber; 29-ash sliding port; 30-induced draft fan; 31-chimney; 32-baffle; 33-soil outlet; 34-grate strip gap. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases by burning crop stubble. The main principle is to use the high-temperature flue gas generated by burning crop stubble to heat the surface soil, thereby killing the stubble and the eggs of pests and pathogenic microorganisms carried in the rhizosphere soil. The method mainly includes three processes: collecting stubble, burning stubble, and killing soil with high temperature. Specifically, the method includes the following steps:

[0045] S1. Cut and collect the shallow soil layer where the root stubble is located; the cutting depth is generally 5 to 10 cm. In application, the cutting depth can be appropriately adjusted according to the length of the crop root stubble and the location of the soil layer where the pathogen is located, so as to cut through the root stubble and the main soil layer where the pathogen is located.

[0046] S2. The collected shallow soil layer is separated and processed to remove the soil carried by the stubble to obtain the separated stubble and soil; after the shallow soil layer where the stubble is cut, the stubble is grown in the soil and is not separated from the soil, and there are also clumps of soil, so the stubble and soil must be separated first to facilitate subsequent combustion of the stubble and heating of the soil;

[0047] The separation device preferably adopts a combination of a vibrating screen and a drum screen. The cut soil and stubble are first conveyed to the vibrating screen, and the soil carried by the stubble is separated by high-speed vibration. Then the stubble with preliminary soil removal is put into the drum screen. The rotation of the drum is used to make the stubble roll and impact to destroy the soil blocks carried by the roots, so that the soil is separated as much as possible, and the stubble with relatively complete soil removal is obtained. The vibrating screen and the drum screen use strip screens with adjustable gaps to adapt to different crops. Preferably, the gap is 2 to 3 cm when used for wheat stubble, and 3 to 4 cm when used for corn stubble.

[0048] S3. The separated root stubble is burned. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion directly heats the separated soil, thereby killing pest eggs and pathogenic microorganisms in the root stubble and soil, achieving the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases. The combustion process needs to be controlled to avoid the generation of black smoke. To fully kill pest eggs and pathogenic microorganisms in the soil, the high-temperature flue gas temperature is controlled to 450-550°C. The soil heating time is not less than 10 seconds, and the soil is heated to a temperature of 65-80°C.

[0049] In order to ensure that the stubble is fully burned and the high-temperature flue gas generated reaches a predetermined temperature, segmented air supply is used during the initial combustion; the air supply for the secondary combustion uses preheated high-temperature air, so that the volatile matter and carbon particles formed by the partial incomplete combustion of the stubble during the initial combustion are fully burned for the second time, reducing the generation of black smoke and increasing the flue gas temperature. The stubble combustion can be carried out in an existing combustion device, and the soil heating can be carried out in an existing heating device. In addition, a high-temperature flue gas conveying channel is provided in the combustion device and the heating device, so that the high-temperature flue gas generated by the stubble combustion can be conveyed to the heating device to heat the soil. It is preferred to use the stubble combustion device and the soil heating device provided in this application to burn the stubble and heat the soil.

[0050] S4. Mix the ash from burning the stubble with the heated soil. The ash from burning the stubble has a high temperature. After mixing with the heated soil, the soil can be heated again and maintained at a high temperature for a certain period of time, thereby improving the killing effect of microorganisms and insect pests. At the same time, after mixing with the soil, the open flame and black smoke caused by the ash can be avoided. On the other hand, the ash produced after burning the stubble contains a variety of nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium. When mixed with the soil, the nutrient content of the soil can be increased. The mixture of ash and soil is then returned to the field, which effectively kills the insect eggs and pathogenic microorganisms in the original soil and stubble, while retaining the nutrients of the stubble, which is beneficial to the growth of crops.

[0051] Therefore, this application utilizes the high calorific value characteristics of crop stubble, and the high-temperature flue gas formed by its combustion is used to heat the surface soil, thereby killing the stubble and the pest eggs and pathogenic microorganisms carried by the rhizosphere soil. It can also form a certain thermal contact killing effect on pests and diseases in the soil, reducing the degree of damage caused by pests and diseases, thereby achieving the purpose of green prevention and control of pests and diseases, and effectively solving the technical problems existing in drug control and land rotation in the existing technology.

[0052] The present application also provides a device for use in the above method, such as Figures 2 to 5 As shown, it includes a soil cutting device, a stubble separating device, a stubble burning device and a soil heating device.

[0053] As mentioned above, the soil cutting device is used to cut the shallow soil layer where the stubble is located, cutting the stubble out from the growing soil layer, and the soil cutting device in the prior art can be used.

[0054] The root stubble separation device is used to separate the shallow soil layer cut by the soil cutting device, remove the soil carried by the root stubble, and obtain the separated root stubble and soil; as mentioned above, the root stubble separation device preferably includes a vibrating screen and a drum screen, which will not be repeated here.

[0055] The root stubble burning device is used to burn the separated root stubble to obtain high-temperature flue gas and ash after combustion. Figure 2 As shown, it includes a fuel bin 3, a lower combustion chamber 4 and an upper combustion chamber 5; the fuel bin 3 is provided with a root stubble inlet and outlet, which are mainly used for adding root stubble; the lower combustion chamber 4 is the main combustion space for the root stubble, and the upper combustion chamber is the combustion space for overflow volatile matter and unburned carbon particles, and the incomplete combustion components produced in the lower combustion chamber are subjected to secondary combustion to reduce the generation of black smoke.

[0056] Specifically, a segmented stepped grate 6 is provided in the lower combustion chamber, with the first segment of the stepped grate facing the fuel bin outlet; each segment of the stepped grate is equipped with a special air distribution chamber 7 and a pushing device; the pushing device is used to push the stubble and ash formed by combustion to move on the stepped grates at each stage; the air distribution chamber independently distributes air on demand according to the stubble combustion conditions of each segment of the stepped grate, thereby improving the stubble combustion effect; the upper combustion chamber is connected to the lower combustion chamber, and a secondary air supply device is provided in the upper combustion chamber. Under the action of the secondary air supply, the incomplete combustion components generated in the lower combustion chamber undergo secondary combustion to reduce the generation of black smoke. As can be understood by those skilled in the art, an ash outlet 9 and a high-temperature flue gas outlet 10 are provided in the lower combustion chamber and the upper combustion chamber, respectively, for the discharge of the generated ash and high-temperature flue gas.

[0057] Due to the high volatile content of root stubble, the volatile matter will precipitate quickly after heating, and it is easy to cause incomplete combustion to form black smoke (incompletely burned carbon particles) when there is insufficient oxygen supply. This application sets up a segmented stepped grate and segmented independent air supply to reduce incomplete combustion, and the secondary combustion further reduces the generation of black smoke.

[0058] Since the primary combustion temperature of the lower combustion chamber is lower and the secondary combustion temperature of the upper combustion chamber is higher, the air of the primary air supply and the secondary air supply of the lower combustion chamber and the upper combustion chamber are both heated by the set air preheater 11, and the air preheating temperature of the secondary air supply is greater than the air preheating temperature of the primary air supply, ensuring stable combustion of the stubble.

[0059] The air preheater 11 is connected to the secondary air supply device and each air distribution chamber of the lower combustion chamber through a pipeline, and can transport preheated air.

[0060] Preferably, each section of the stepped grate adopts a striped grate, and the direction of the stripe is the same as the direction of the step;

[0061] The pushing device is located below the segmented stepped grate and includes a push rod 12, a pushing drive device 13, a support rod 14, and a shifting tooth 15; the shifting tooth 15 is located at one end of the push rod 12, and the number of shifting teeth corresponds to the grate strip gap 34, and each shifting tooth is directly opposite the grate strip gap 34; the grate strip gap can be used for the shifting tooth to be inserted, so that the shifting tooth can contact the material and thus push the material under the action of the pushing drive device, and at the same time, the grate strip gap can play a guiding role when the shifting tooth moves.

[0062] The support rod 14 is located at the bottom of the push rod (preferably through a bearing to support the push rod), and the height of the support rod can be adjusted. Preferably, the support rod can be a hydraulic or electric lifting rod; the other end of the push rod 12 (such as Figure 2 The left end is shown) and is movably connected to the push drive device 13, and can move up and down along the push drive device under the action of the support rod 14, thereby driving the corresponding change in the height of the shifting teeth. Preferably, the output shaft of the push drive device 13 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 16, and the left end of the push rod 12 is movably connected to the connecting rod 16. A guide rail can be provided on the connecting rod, and the push rod can move up and down along the guide rail under the action of the support rod. Alternatively, the left end of the push rod is hinged to the connecting rod 16 and can rotate up and down around the connecting rod. The support rod is located at the center or to the right of the push rod. When the height of the support rod changes, the right end of the push rod can rotate upward, thereby adjusting the height of the shifting teeth. The push drive device 13 preferably uses a motor, which can push the connecting rod 16 to move left and right, thereby driving the push rod 12 and the shifting teeth 15 to move left and right along the grate.

[0063] When the pushing device drives the push rod to push the material, the support rod 14 is adjusted to a height so that the teeth are inserted into the grate gap, thereby pushing the stubble and ash formed by combustion; when the stubble and ash reach the specified position, the support rod is adjusted to a height so that the teeth are away from the grate gap, and the pushing device drives the push rod to return to the initial position.

[0064] At the starting position, the shifting teeth are located at the leftmost side under the grate. When the pushing drive device starts to push the push rod to the right, the support rod is lifted upward, so that the shifting teeth are inserted into the gap between the grate bars and are higher than the grate, so that the push rod drives the materials and ash to the right while moving to the right; when reaching the right side of the grate, the support rod descends, and the push rod and shifting teeth also move downward, and the shifting teeth are separated from the upper edge of the grate (to prevent the fuel from being pulled forward during reverse movement), and the push rod moves to the left under the action of the pushing drive device until the shifting teeth reach just below the leftmost side of the corresponding grate, thus forming a working cycle.

[0065] Each step grate can be equipped with a separate pusher device, or Figure 2 As shown, the multi-stage stepped grate can also share a push drive device. The connecting rod 16 connects the push rod 12 of the multi-stage stepped grate. When the pushing drive device pushes the connecting rod, it can push the shifting teeth on the multi-stage stepped grate to move at one time, effectively saving space and saving production costs.

[0066] Preferably, Figures 4-5 As shown, the grate bar gap is trapezoidal, with an upper width of 1 to 1.5 cm and a lower width of 2 to 3 cm. The tooth width is 1 cm and the height is 15 cm. The grate bar gap mainly serves as a guide. The bar gap is set as a trapezoid, so even if the tooth direction is slightly offset, it can be inserted into the bar gap, thus allowing adjustment under this guidance. If the bar gap is set as a rectangle with the same width at the top and bottom, the tooth will not be able to be inserted into the bar gap if the direction is slightly offset, which will affect the pushing of the material.

[0067] The soil heating device uses the high temperature flue gas generated by burning the stubble as a heat source to heat the separated soil. This application provides a preferred soil heating device, such as Figures 2-3 As shown, it includes a vertically arranged soil inlet bin 17 and a folding plate type lower bin 19 located below the discharge port of the soil inlet bin. Multiple downward-inclined folding plates 18 are cross-set on the inner walls of the folding plate type lower bin. The folding plate type lower bin is connected to the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the stubble burning device.

[0068] The separated soil is first added to the soil inlet bin 17, which is preferably equipped with a spiral feeder 20 and a rotating paddle 21 at the outlet. The rotating paddle causes the soil to evenly fall onto the folding plates and slide along their downward inclination. During this falling and sliding process, the soil comes into direct contact with the high-temperature flue gas, absorbing the heat from the flue gas and raising its temperature. Alternating multiple folding plates 18 prolongs the contact time between the soil and the high-temperature flue gas, allowing the flue gas to fully heat the soil.

[0069] Preferably, the folding plate's tilt angle is adjustable, thereby adjusting the soil retention time. Specifically, one end of the folding plate is fixed to the side wall via a hinge. A vertically movable adjustment rod 22 is located in the center of the folding plate's lower hopper. A central opening in the folding plate connects to the adjustment rod. Movement of the adjustment rod changes the folding plate's tilt angle. Downward movement lowers the angle, preventing soil accumulation. This application provides a relatively suitable tilt angle of 30 to 35 degrees.

[0070] Preferably, the high-temperature flue gas enters the silo from the bottom of the folding plate type lower silo and is discharged from the top, so that it can fully contact with the falling soil and improve the heat exchange effect.

[0071] The ash produced after burning the stubble and the heated soil can be mixed manually and then returned to the field. Alternatively, the mixing can be performed using the device provided below in this application.

[0072] The above-mentioned stubble burning device and soil heating device can be set separately or integrated. When they are set separately, as mentioned above, a high-temperature flue gas transmission channel is provided between the stubble burning device and the soil heating device. For ease of use, it is preferred that the stubble burning device and the soil heating device are set as an integrated device, such as Figure 2As shown, the integrated device includes a supporting body 1, and the stubble burning device and the soil heating device are both located inside the supporting body, respectively on the left and right sides of the supporting body, and the soil heating device and the stubble burning device are connected. Specifically, the folding plate lower hopper of the soil heating device is connected to the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the upper combustion chamber, and the high-temperature flue gas generated by the stubble combustion can be used to heat the soil.

[0073] The integrated device also includes an ash storage chamber 23, a soil storage bin 24, and a mixing and discharging bin 25, which are used to automatically mix the ash from the burned stubble and the heated soil, and then automatically discharge the mixed materials. To facilitate discharging, the ash storage chamber, soil storage bin, and mixing and discharging bin are all designed to be narrower at the bottom and wider at the top.

[0074] The top of the ash storage chamber is connected to the ash outlet 9 of the stubble burning device (specifically, the tail end outlet of the last stepped grate), and the ash after the stubble burning is first stored in the ash storage chamber 23; the top of the soil storage bin 24 is connected to the soil outlet 33 of the soil heating device (specifically, the bottom outlet of the folding plate type lower bin), and the heated soil is first stored in the soil storage bin.

[0075] The bottom of the ash storage chamber and the soil storage bin are connected to the top of the mixed discharge bin, and a rotating dial 26 is provided at the connection; when the rotating dial rotates, the ash in the ash storage chamber and the soil in the soil storage bin can be transported to the mixed discharge bin for mixing. When the rotating dial is stationary, the ash storage chamber and the soil storage bin are closed, and the material cannot be transported to the mixed discharge bin. Compared with the conventional discharge valve, the rotary dial can only take out part of the material with each tooth of the rotary dial, and the remaining material can still form a seal to avoid smoke and air leakage. In traditional boilers, a small amount of air intake at the rear side of the grate does not affect the normal operation of the device, but in this application, since both the burned ash and the heated soil must be discharged from the mixed discharge bin, if the seal is poor, the air will directly enter the soil heating area, forming an air flow short circuit, lowering the temperature of the flue gas there, which is not conducive to heating the soil.

[0076] A discharge valve is provided at the bottom of the mixing discharge bin 25. When the valve is closed, the ash and soil are retained in the mixing discharge bin and can be fully contacted and mixed, so that the ash can further fully heat the soil. Then, the valve is opened to discharge the mixed material.

[0077] Preferably, a first material sensor is provided in the ash storage chamber 23, and a second material sensor is provided in the mixed material discharge bin 25; the first material sensor and the second material sensor are both electrically connected to the rotary dial 26 and the discharge valve, and can automatically control the opening of the dial and the discharge gate according to the amount of ash stored and the amount of mixed material.

[0078] During operation, the ash storage chamber 23 maintains an ash layer of 20 to 25 cm to form an interface seal, and the soil storage bin 24 maintains a soil layer of 15 to 20 cm to form an interface seal, so that the stubble burning, soil heating and material mixing are carried out in independent spaces to avoid mutual interference.

[0079] The first material sensor is used to detect the ash storage volume in the ash storage chamber. When the detected ash storage volume is lower than the set threshold (20cm), the rotary dial stops, the discharge valve opens, and the mixed material in the mixed discharge bin is discharged; when the detected ash storage volume is higher than the set threshold (20cm), the rotary dial rotates, the discharge valve closes, and the ash in the ash storage chamber and the soil in the soil storage bin are transported to the mixed discharge bin for mixing.

[0080] The second material sensor is an emergency sensor used to detect the amount of material stored in the mixed discharge bin. When the detected amount of material is higher than the set threshold (20cm), the discharge valve opens to discharge the mixed material in the mixed discharge bin in time.

[0081] The first material sensor and the second material sensor are both position sensors, which are installed at the set threshold positions of the ash storage chamber and the mixed discharge bin (the first material sensor is located at a height of 20 cm in the ash storage chamber, and the second material sensor is located at a height of 20 cm in the mixed discharge bin). When the material exceeds the set position, it is sensed that the material exceeds the set threshold.

[0082] Preferably, the integrated device is further provided with a downwardly inclined partition plate 27. The stubble burning device and the soil heating device are respectively located on both sides of the partition plate 27, which can effectively separate the stubble burning device and the soil heating device so that they are not affected by other environments during operation. Furthermore, the partition plate 27 includes a vertical section located at the top for separating the upper combustion chamber and an inclined section located at the bottom for separating the lower combustion chamber. The vertical partition plate can serve as the side wall of the upper combustion chamber to maintain a high-temperature environment for secondary combustion, such as Figure 2 As shown, a front arch 8 is provided on the left side of the upper combustion chamber. This front arch not only serves as a heat radiating surface to maintain a high temperature environment for secondary combustion, but also absorbs heat from the high-temperature flue gas and reflects it back to the fuel below, causing it to evaporate and facilitating normal combustion. The inclined section serves as a rear arch, acting as a heat radiating surface to increase grate temperature for stable combustion while also directing the flue gas, allowing the high-temperature flue gas generated by the rear combustion to flow along the arch surface into the upper combustion chamber.

[0083] The upper and lower sides of the inclined section are respectively connected to the soil outlet of the soil heating device and the top of the soil storage bin. The upper side of the inclined section is also connected to the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the upper combustion chamber. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the stubble combustion can flow to the inclined section area. The soil heated by the soil heating device is stored in the soil storage bin through the inclined section partition plate. The soil is further heated by contact with the high-temperature flue gas during the sliding process of the inclined section partition plate.

[0084] Preferably, the integrated device is also provided with a flue gas purification device to purify the high-temperature flue gas after heating the soil, to prevent it from being directly discharged and affecting the environment, and to further recover the ash in the flue gas.

[0085] The flue gas purification device includes an ash settling chamber 28, an ash sliding port 29 at the bottom of the ash settling chamber, and an induced draft fan 30 connected to the ash settling chamber. The air inlet of the ash settling chamber is connected to the soil heating device. The high-temperature flue gas after heating the soil is transported to the ash settling chamber via the induced draft fan, causing the ash contained in the high-temperature flue gas to settle. The bottom of the ash sliding port is connected to the top of the soil storage bin, and the settled ash is transported to the soil storage bin via the ash sliding port. The induced draft fan is connected to a chimney 31, and the ash-set gas is discharged from the chimney.

[0086] like Figures 2-3 As shown, the high-temperature flue gas enters the folding plate hopper through the soil outlet, exchanging heat with the soil in a countercurrent manner. To prevent the high-temperature flue gas from flowing downward into the soil storage bin and to ensure that sufficient high-temperature flue gas enters the folding plate hopper, a baffle 32 is installed above the lower end of the inclined segment partition and to the left of the ash sliding port 29. This baffle also isolates air from entering through the seal formed by the rotating dial and the ash sliding port.

[0087] like Figure 2 As shown, the air preheater is preferably arranged between the vertical section partition plate and the folding plate type lower hopper, between the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the upper combustion chamber and the discharge port of the folding plate type lower hopper, that is, just located on the flow path of the high-temperature flue gas, which can be used as the heat medium of the air preheater to heat the air.

[0088] As can be understood by those skilled in the art, the roots and soil separated by the separation device can be automatically transported to the fuel bin and the soil input bin by the conveying device, or the separated roots and soil can be manually added to the fuel bin and the soil input bin.

[0089] The integrated device can be set to work in a fixed position or to move in the field (such as Figure 2 As shown, walking wheels 2 are provided below the supporting body, which can be set to walk autonomously or be towed by a traction device when moving in the field.

[0090] The soil cutting device, the vibrating screen and the drum screen can also be arranged as an integrated structure.

[0091] Example 1

[0092] Wheat stem rot is a fungal disease caused by fungi such as Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium graminearum, and is a major cause of wheat yield losses. The pathogen primarily lives in the shallow soil layer (0-10 cm). It begins to appear in the Huanghuai region after April, as temperatures rise and soil moisture increases. It gradually infects the rhizomes from the root system upwards, causing internodes at the base of the wheat stem to become diseased, discolored, and eventually rot and break, disrupting nutrient transport pathways and resulting in empty ears and reduced yields.

[0093] This example selected a plot with relatively serious wheat stem rot for comparative testing. Figure 1 The stubble burning and soil heating devices are used as shown in the following process. Figure 2 The device shown was pulled by a tractor. Wheat was harvested using a combine harvester, leaving stubble at a height of about 15 to 20 cm. The stubble cutting device was also driven by a tractor and moved across the field. A conventional method (direct straw return) was used as a control.

[0094] During the test, a tractor-driven soil separation device was first used to process the stubble. A 5cm thick layer of soil was sampled. The sampled soil layer was then separated using a vibrating screen and a drum screen. The removed stubble and screened soil were stacked in strips for easy collection and air-dried for one day to remove excess moisture from the stubble and soil. The stubble burning and soil heating device was towed by a tractor and manually loaded. Before startup, the soil inlet bin was filled with soil and the storage bin was maintained at a height of 20cm to prevent short-circuiting of the induced draft fan airflow. The device was left in a static state during startup. Straw was first ignited to quickly raise the combustion chamber temperature. Once combustion stabilized, stubble was gradually replaced. Normal combustion was maintained for approximately 5 minutes, after which the device was slowly moved under the tractor at a speed of approximately 10-15 meters per minute. During this movement, stubble and separated soil were manually added to the fuel and inlet bins. Due to limited stubble availability, only a portion of the separated soil was heated.

[0095] Test data

[0096] The stubble contained 10% soil and 25% moisture. The stubble consumption was 20 kg / min, the soil temperature was 28°C, and the soil processing capacity was 15 kg / min. The lower combustion chamber temperature was 550°C, the upper combustion chamber temperature was 660°C, the flue gas inlet temperature of the folding plate lower silo was 570°C, the outlet temperature was 260°C, the exhaust gas temperature was 210°C, and the soil outlet temperature of the mixed lower silo was 83°C. The soil loads of Pseudomonas graminearum and Fusarium graminearum were 29.93 ± 3.43 pg g, respectively. -1 and 21.37±1.65 pg·g -1 After heating, the load of Pseudomonas graminearum and Fusarium graminearum was 12.78±1.51pg·g -1 and 7.59±0.62 pg·g -1, the killing rates were 57.3% and 64.5%.

[0097] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they are aware of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the invention. Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is intended to include such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases by burning crop stubble, characterized in that: It includes a soil cutting device, a stubble separating device, a stubble burning device and a soil heating device; The soil cutting device is used to cut the shallow soil layer where the stubble is located, and separate the stubble from the soil layer; The root stubble separation device is used to separate and process the shallow soil layer cut by the soil cutting device, remove the soil carried by the root stubble, and obtain separated root stubble and soil; The root stubble combustion device is used to burn the separated root stubble to obtain high-temperature flue gas and ash after combustion; the root stubble combustion device includes a fuel bin, a lower combustion chamber and an upper combustion chamber; the fuel bin is provided with a root stubble inlet and outlet; the lower combustion chamber is provided with a segmented stepped grate, and the first segment of the stepped grate is directly opposite to the fuel bin outlet; each segment of the stepped grate is equipped with a special air distribution chamber and a pushing device; the pushing device is used to push the root stubble and the ash formed by combustion to move on the stepped grates at each stage; the air distribution chamber is used to independently distribute air according to the root stubble combustion conditions of each segment of the stepped grate; the upper combustion chamber is connected to the lower combustion chamber, and a secondary air supply device is provided in the upper combustion chamber. Under the action of the secondary air supply, the incomplete combustion components produced in the lower combustion chamber are subjected to secondary combustion; The soil heating device uses the high-temperature flue gas generated by burning the stubble as a heat source to heat the separated soil.

2. The device for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases by burning crop stubble as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Each section of the stepped grate adopts a striped grate, and the direction of the stripe is the same as the direction of the steps; The pushing device is located below the segmented stepped grate and includes a push rod, a pushing drive device, a support rod and a shifting tooth; the shifting tooth is located at one end of the push rod, the number of which corresponds to the grate bar gap, and each shifting tooth is directly opposite the grate bar gap; The support rod is located at the bottom of the push rod, and the height of the support rod is adjustable; the other end of the push rod is movably connected to the push drive device, and can move up and down along the push drive device under the action of the support rod, thereby driving the height of the shifting teeth to change accordingly; When the pushing device drives the push rod to push, the height of the support rod is adjusted so that the shifting teeth are just inserted into the grate gap so as to push the root stubble and ash formed by combustion; when the root stubble and ash reach the specified position, the height of the support rod is adjusted so that the shifting teeth are away from the grate gap, and the pushing device drives the push rod to return to the initial position.

3. The device for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases by burning crop stubble as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The soil heating device includes a soil inlet bin and a folding plate type lower bin located below the discharge port of the soil inlet bin, wherein downwardly inclined folding plates are cross-arranged on the inner walls of both sides of the folding plate type lower bin; The folding plate lower hopper is connected to the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the stubble burning device, and the soil is heated by contact with the high-temperature flue gas during the process of falling from the folding plate lower hopper and sliding on the folding plate.

4. The device for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases by burning crop stubble as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The stubble burning device and the soil heating device are integrated into one device; the soil heating device is connected to the stubble burning device and can heat the soil using the high-temperature flue gas generated by the stubble burning; The integrated device is also equipped with an ash storage chamber, a soil storage bin and a mixed discharge bin; The top of the ash storage chamber is connected to the ash outlet of the stubble burning device, and the ash after the stubble burning is first stored in the ash storage chamber; the top of the soil storage bin is connected to the soil outlet of the soil heating device, and the heated soil is first stored in the soil storage bin; The bottom of the ash storage chamber and the soil storage bin are connected to the top of the mixing discharge bin, and a rotating dial is provided at the connection; when the rotating dial rotates, the ash in the ash storage chamber and the soil in the soil storage bin can be transported to the mixing discharge bin for mixing; when the rotating dial is stationary, the ash storage chamber and the soil storage bin are closed, and the material cannot be transported to the mixing discharge bin; a discharge valve is provided at the bottom of the mixing discharge bin.

5. The device for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases by burning crop stubble as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: A first material sensor is provided in the ash storage chamber, and a second material sensor is provided in the mixed discharge bin; the first material sensor and the second material sensor are both electrically connected to the rotary dial and the discharge valve; The first material sensor is used to detect the ash storage amount in the ash storage chamber. When the detected ash storage amount is lower than a set threshold, the rotary dial stops, the discharge valve opens, and the mixed material in the mixed discharge bin is discharged; when the detected ash storage amount is higher than the set threshold, the rotary dial rotates, the discharge valve closes, and the ash in the ash storage chamber and the soil in the soil storage bin are transported to the mixed discharge bin for mixing; The second material sensor is used to detect the storage amount of the mixed material in the mixed material discharging bin. When the detected storage amount is higher than a set threshold, the discharge valve opens to discharge the mixed material in the mixed material discharging bin.

6. The device for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases by burning crop stubble as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The integrated device is further provided with a partition plate, and the stubble burning device and the soil heating device are respectively located on both sides of the partition plate; the partition plate includes a vertical section located at the top for separating the upper combustion chamber and an inclined section located at the bottom for separating the lower combustion chamber, and the upper and lower sides of the inclined section are respectively connected to the soil outlet of the soil heating device and the top of the soil storage bin; The high-temperature flue gas generated by the stubble burning device can flow to the inclined section area, and the soil heated by the soil heating device is stored in the soil storage bin through the inclined section. The soil is further heated by contact with the high-temperature flue gas during the sliding process of the inclined section.

7. The device for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases by burning crop stubble as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The integrated device is further provided with a flue gas purification device, which includes an ash settling chamber, an ash sliding port located at the bottom of the ash settling chamber, and an induced draft fan connected to the ash settling chamber; The air inlet of the ash settling chamber is connected to the soil heating device, and the high-temperature flue gas after heating the soil is transported to the ash settling chamber through the induced draft fan, so that the ash contained in the high-temperature flue gas is precipitated; The bottom of the ash sliding port is communicated with the top of the soil storage bin, and the precipitated ash is transported to the soil storage bin through the ash sliding port.

8. A method for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases by burning crop stubble, characterized in that: The method uses the device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 to prevent and control soil-borne diseases; The method comprises the following steps: S1. Use a soil cutting device to cut and collect the shallow soil layer where the root stubble is located; S2. The shallow soil layer collected by the stubble separation device is separated and processed to remove the soil carried by the stubble to obtain separated stubble and soil; S3 using the stubble combustion device to burn the stubble after separation, using the soil heating device to burn the high-temperature flue gas generated as a heat source to heat the soil after separation; S4. Mixing the ash from the burned stubble with the heated soil, and then returning the mixture to the field.

9. The method for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases by burning crop stubble as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The shallow soil layer cutting depth in step S1 is 5 to 10 cm.

10. The method for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases by burning crop stubble according to claim 8, wherein: In step S3, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion is controlled to be 450-550°C, the soil heating time is not less than 10 seconds, and the soil is heated to a temperature of 65-80°C.

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