Poisonous gas dangerous chemical emergency decontamination system and method

Abstract

The application provides a toxic gas and hazardous chemical emergency decontamination system and method, which comprises a wind guiding device, a Venturi decontamination separation device, a hazardous chemical bubble decontamination device, a decontamination liquid storage cabin, a tail gas adsorption device and a solid recovery device; the Venturi decontamination separation device is provided with a first gas phase inlet, a first liquid phase inlet, a first gas phase outlet and a first liquid phase outlet; the hazardous chemical bubble decontamination device is provided with a second gas phase inlet and a second gas phase outlet; the decontamination liquid storage cabin is provided with a second liquid phase inlet, a second liquid phase outlet and a third gas phase outlet; the tail gas adsorption device is provided with a third gas phase inlet and a fourth gas phase outlet; and the solid recovery device is provided with a third liquid phase outlet, a third liquid phase inlet, a fourth liquid phase inlet and a fourth liquid phase outlet; the application combines the Venturi primary decontamination, the bubble secondary decontamination and the tertiary adsorption, and has an excellent decontamination disposal effect. The device has a small volume and can meet the emergency needs of the areas with complex terrain, such as gas fields, oil fields and tunnels.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of emergency disposal of hazardous chemical accidents, and in particular to a toxic gas hazardous chemical emergency decontamination system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Hazardous chemicals usually have the characteristics of flammability, explosiveness, toxicity and harm, and once leakage occurs during production, storage, transportation and use, secondary disasters such as poisoning, fire, explosion and environmental pollution are easily triggered. The existing decontamination and disposal methods for hazardous chemicals are limited, the decontamination equipment is simple, and the decontamination effect is very unsatisfactory. It is impossible to achieve efficient emergency disposal of toxic gas hazardous chemicals, and the equipment is large in size and difficult to move, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of on-site emergency disposal.

[0003] US patent document with publication number US8388904B1 discloses a device purification system and method, which introduces a biochemical decontamination system for tanks and other machines on the battlefield. The system combines chemical and biological methods, and separates the decontamination section and the decontamination agent supply section. However, due to its large size, the system cannot be used for leakage disposal of hazardous chemicals.

[0004] Patent with publication number CN212440735U discloses a hazardous chemical decontamination device, which includes a liquid nitrogen spraying unit, a decontamination unit and an adsorption unit. The hazardous chemicals are treated multiple times to make them harmless, but the efficiency is not high. SUMMARY

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides an emergency disposal system and method for toxic gas hazardous chemical leakage.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose 1, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0007] An emergency decontamination system for toxic gas hazardous chemicals, characterized in that it comprises an air induction device, a Venturi decontamination separation device, a hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device, a decontamination liquid storage cabin, an exhaust gas adsorption device and a solid recovery device connected in sequence, wherein the Venturi decontamination separation device and the hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device are arranged inside the decontamination liquid storage cabin.

[0008] The Venturi decontamination separation device is provided with a first gas phase inlet, a first liquid phase inlet, a first gas phase outlet and a first liquid phase outlet;

[0009] The hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device is provided with a second gas phase inlet at the bottom and a second gas phase outlet at the top.

[0010] The second liquid phase inlet and the third gas phase outlet are arranged on the top of the decontamination liquid storage cabin, and the second liquid phase outlet is arranged on the bottom of the decontamination liquid storage cabin.

[0011] The solid recovery device is provided with a third liquid phase inlet, a third liquid phase outlet, a fourth liquid phase inlet and a fourth liquid phase outlet.

[0012] Further, the first gas phase inlet of the Venturi decontamination separation device is connected with the air induction device through a pipeline, and the first gas phase outlet is connected with the second gas phase inlet of the hazardous chemical bubble decontamination device through a pipeline.

[0013] Further, the second gas phase outlet of the hazardous chemical bubble decontamination device is arranged on the bottom of the hazardous chemical bubble decontamination device, and a bottom nozzle is arranged below the second gas phase outlet; and the third gas phase outlet of the decontamination liquid storage cabin is connected with the third gas phase inlet of the tail gas adsorption device through a pipeline.

[0014] Further, the fourth gas phase outlet of the tail gas adsorption device is connected with the first gas phase outlet through a pipeline.

[0015] Further, the third liquid phase inlet of the solid recovery device is connected with the second liquid phase outlet of the decontamination liquid storage cabin through a pipeline, the third liquid phase outlet is connected with the second liquid phase inlet of the decontamination liquid storage cabin through a pipeline, and the fourth liquid phase inlet and the fourth liquid phase outlet are connected on the pipeline between the third liquid phase inlet and the second liquid phase outlet.

[0016] Further, a three-way joint is arranged on the pipeline between the third gas phase outlet of the decontamination liquid storage cabin and the third gas phase inlet of the tail gas adsorption device, and the third end of the three-way joint is connected with the atmosphere through a pipeline.

[0017] Further, a valve is arranged on the pipeline between the fourth gas phase outlet of the tail gas adsorption device and the first gas phase outlet of the Venturi decontamination separation device, and a valve is arranged on the pipeline between the second liquid phase inlet of the solid recovery device and the second liquid phase outlet of the decontamination liquid storage cabin.

[0018] Further, two or more layers of liquid distribution plates are arranged in the decontamination liquid storage cabin and are perpendicular to the gas phase flow direction.

[0019] Further, the hazardous chemical bubble decontamination device is made of stainless steel and has a pressure resistance of 1.0 MPa or above.

[0020] Further, the Venturi decontamination separation device comprises a Venturi decontamination assembly and a gas-liquid separation assembly, the Venturi decontamination assembly is arranged vertically, the gas-liquid separation assembly is arranged horizontally, and the first gas phase inlet and the first liquid phase inlet are located on the bottom of the Venturi decontamination assembly.

[0021] Furthermore, a mist trap is installed at the inlet of the pipeline between the decontamination liquid storage chamber and the exhaust gas treatment device. The mist trap is composed of 3-6 layers of stainless steel mesh that are cross-stacked or parallel-stacked to ensure that the droplet interception rate is >60% and the droplet interception diameter is ≥100 μm.

[0022] Furthermore, the adsorption material filled in the exhaust gas adsorption device is activated carbon, activated carbon impregnated with detergent, or metal oxide adsorbent.

[0023] To achieve the above objective 2, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0024] An emergency decontamination method for toxic gas hazardous chemicals employs an emergency decontamination system for toxic gas hazardous chemicals as described above. An induced draft device delivers the toxic gas hazardous chemicals into a Venturi decontamination and separation device through a first gas phase inlet. Preliminary decontamination of the toxic gas hazardous chemicals and decontamination liquid is achieved within the Venturi decontamination assembly. The reacted gas and decontamination liquid undergo gas-liquid separation within a gas-liquid separation assembly. The decontamination liquid enters a hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device through a first liquid phase outlet. The gas sequentially passes through a first gas phase outlet and a second gas phase inlet, then enters a decontamination liquid storage chamber from a bottom nozzle at the second gas phase outlet for secondary decontamination. The gas undergoes a secondary reaction in the decontamination liquid storage chamber in a bubbling manner. After the reaction, the decontamination liquid remains stored in the decontamination liquid storage chamber. The gas after secondary decontamination enters a tail gas adsorption device through a third gas phase outlet, where it is adsorbed by an adsorbent.

[0025] Furthermore, the decontamination solution in the decontamination solution storage tank enters the solid recovery device through the second liquid phase inlet for the recovery and disposal of solid materials and the renewal of the composition of the decontamination solution. The decontamination solution returns to the decontamination solution storage tank through the second liquid phase outlet.

[0026] Furthermore, in the gas after secondary decontamination in the decontamination liquid storage tank, toxic gases with low emergency emission standards are directly discharged into the atmosphere from the top of the decontamination liquid storage tank, while gases with higher toxicity or high emergency emission standards enter the exhaust gas adsorption device for fine adsorption.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0028] This invention combines Venturi primary decontamination, bubbling secondary decontamination, and tertiary adsorption, resulting in excellent decontamination performance through the combined action and coordination of the Venturi decontamination and separation device, the hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device, the tail gas adsorption device, and the solid recovery device. The equipment is compact, meeting the emergency needs of complex terrains such as gas fields, oil fields, and tunnels. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Fig. 1This is a schematic diagram of an emergency decontamination system for toxic gases and hazardous chemicals according to the present invention.

[0030] Fig. 2 This is a schematic diagram of the Chinese-language decontamination and separation device, the hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device, and the exhaust fan device of the present invention.

[0031] Fig. 3 This is a schematic diagram of the solid recovery device and the Venturi washing and separation device in this invention;

[0032] Among them, 1-detergent storage chamber; 10-disinfectant distribution plate; 11-third gas phase outlet; 12-drip net; 13-second liquid phase inlet; 14-second liquid phase outlet;

[0033] 2-Venturi washing and separation unit; 20-First gas phase inlet; 21-First liquid phase inlet; 22-First gas phase outlet; 23-First liquid phase outlet;

[0034] 3- Hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device; 30- Second gas phase inlet; 31- Second gas phase outlet; 32- Bottom nozzle;

[0035] 4-Tail gas adsorption device; 40-Third gas phase inlet; 41-Fourth gas phase outlet;

[0036] 5-Solids recovery unit; 51-Third liquid phase inlet; 52-Third liquid phase outlet; 53-Fourth liquid phase inlet; 54-Fourth liquid phase outlet;

[0037] 6-Exhaust fan device; Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1:

[0040] like Figs. 1-3 As shown, an emergency decontamination system for toxic gas hazardous chemicals includes a draft fan 6, a Venturi decontamination and separation device 2, a hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device 3, a decontamination liquid storage tank 1, a tail gas adsorption device 4, and a solid recovery device 5 connected in sequence. The Venturi decontamination and separation device 2 and the hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device 3 are located inside the decontamination liquid storage tank 1.

[0041] The Venturi decontamination and separation device 2 is used for preliminary decontamination of toxic gases and hazardous chemicals, and to separate the decontamination liquid from the toxic gases. It is equipped with a first gas phase inlet 20, a first liquid phase inlet 21, a first gas phase outlet 22, and a first liquid phase outlet 23.

[0042] The hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device 3 is used for further decontamination and treatment of gaseous hazardous chemicals separated by the Venturi decontamination and separation device, and is equipped with a second gas phase inlet 30 and a second gas phase outlet 31.

[0043] The decontamination liquid storage tank 1 is provided with a second liquid phase inlet 13, a second liquid phase outlet 14, and a third gas phase outlet 11; the second liquid phase inlet 13 and the third gas phase outlet 14 are located at the top of the decontamination liquid storage tank 1, and the second liquid phase outlet 14 is located at the bottom of the decontamination liquid storage tank 1.

[0044] The tail gas adsorption device 4 is used to adsorb the tail gas containing trace amounts of hazardous gases after being treated by the Venturi washing and separation device 2 and the hazardous chemical bubbling washing and disinfection device 3. It has a third gas phase inlet 40 at the bottom and a fourth gas phase outlet 41 at the top.

[0045] The solid recovery device 5 is used to recover and dispose of the solid substances generated by the reaction of the Venturi decontamination separation device 2 and the hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device 3, and to purify the decontamination liquid. It is equipped with a third liquid phase inlet 51, a third liquid phase outlet 52, a fourth liquid phase inlet 53 and a fourth liquid phase outlet 54.

[0046] The exhaust fan 6 is used to maintain a suitable operating pressure for the entire toxic gas treatment system. The power unit, such as the fan or vacuum pump, is directly connected to the first gas phase inlet 20 on the Venturi decontamination and separation device 2 via pipeline.

[0047] Specifically, the first gas phase inlet 20 of the Venturi decontamination and separation device 2 is connected to the exhaust fan 6 through a pipeline to maintain a suitable operating pressure for the entire toxic gas treatment system. The first gas phase outlet 22 is connected to the second gas phase inlet 30 of the hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device 3 through a pipeline. The first liquid phase outlet 23 is connected to the hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device 3 through a U-shaped pipeline.

[0048] Specifically, the second gas phase outlet 31 of the hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device 3 is located at the bottom of the hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device 3, and a bottom nozzle is provided below the second gas phase outlet 31.

[0049] Specifically, the third gas phase outlet 11 of the decontamination liquid storage chamber 1 is connected to the third gas phase inlet 40 of the tail gas adsorption device through a pipeline.

[0050] Specifically, the fourth gas phase outlet 41 of the exhaust gas adsorption device 4 is connected to the first gas phase outlet 22 via a pipeline.

[0051] Specifically, the third liquid phase inlet 51 of the solid recovery device 5 is connected to the second liquid phase outlet 14 of the decontamination liquid storage tank 1 through a pipeline, the third liquid phase outlet 52 is connected to the second liquid phase inlet 13 of the decontamination liquid storage tank 1 through a pipeline, and a fourth liquid phase inlet 53 and a fourth liquid phase outlet 54 are connected to the pipeline between the third liquid phase inlet 51 and the second liquid phase outlet 14.

[0052] Specifically, a tee is installed on the pipeline between the third gas phase outlet 11 of the decontamination liquid storage chamber 1 and the third gas phase inlet 40 of the tail gas adsorption device 4. The third end of the tee is connected to the atmosphere through a pipeline. For some toxic gases with low emission requirements, they can be directly discharged from the top of the decontamination liquid storage chamber 1. For toxic gases with higher toxicity or high emergency emission standards, they will then enter the tail gas treatment device 4 for fine adsorption. A valve is installed at the third end of the tee, which can be adjusted as needed to reduce the operating load and extend the service life of the adsorbent in the tail gas adsorption device.

[0053] Specifically, a valve is provided on the pipeline between the fourth gas phase outlet 41 of the exhaust gas adsorption device 4 and the first gas phase outlet 22 of the Venturi decontamination and separation device 2, and a valve is provided on the pipeline between the third liquid phase inlet 51 of the solid recovery device 5 and the second liquid phase outlet 14 of the decontamination liquid storage tank 1.

[0054] Specifically, the decontamination liquid storage chamber 1 is equipped with two or more liquid distribution plates 10 perpendicular to the gas phase flow direction. Since the effect of two or more liquid distribution plates 10 is not significantly different, two layers are preferred for the purpose of saving process costs. The two liquid distribution plates 34 can effectively transform the complex three-dimensional flow before bubbling into a relatively uniform two-dimensional planar motion, basically eliminating backflow and back mixing phenomena.

[0055] Specifically, the hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device 3 is made of stainless steel and can withstand pressure of 1.0 MPa or higher.

[0056] Specifically, the Venturi decontamination and separation device 2 includes a Venturi decontamination assembly and a gas-liquid separation assembly. The Venturi decontamination assembly is vertically arranged, and the gas-liquid separation assembly is horizontally arranged. The first gas phase inlet 20 and the first liquid phase inlet 21 are located at the bottom of the Venturi decontamination assembly.

[0057] Specifically, since this system uses a wet process for exhaust gas treatment, the toxic gases entering the hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device 3 inevitably contain fine droplets in the gas entering the exhaust gas treatment device 4 from the decontamination liquid storage chamber 1. The presence of droplets increases the resistance of the toxic gases passing through the exhaust gas treatment device. Tests have shown that droplets can increase the pressure drop of the system's exhaust gas treatment device 4 by 20% to 40%. Therefore, a mist trap 12 is installed at the pipeline inlet between the decontamination liquid storage chamber 1 and the exhaust gas treatment device 4. The mist trap 12 is composed of 3-6 layers of stainless steel mesh that are cross-stacked or parallel-stacked to ensure a droplet interception rate of >60% and a droplet interception diameter of ≥100μm.

[0058] Specifically, the adsorbent material filled in the tail gas adsorption device 4 is activated carbon, impregnated decontamination activated carbon, or metal oxide adsorbent. Since this system adopts a wet process for tail gas treatment, the adsorbent is preferably an adsorbent with high adsorption efficiency under humid air. For example, when treating H2S tail gas, zinc oxide and copper oxide with multi-level porous structures can be used. Zinc oxide desulfurizer has poor activity and low sulfur capacity when there is no water vapor. It only has good desulfurization activity when water vapor is present. The adsorption capacity increases with the increase of water vapor content, and the breakthrough time first increases and then decreases. Under dry conditions, the breakthrough time is 1 hour. When the relative humidity increases to 40%, the breakthrough time is close to 8 hours. When the relative humidity exceeds 40% and increases to 100%, the breakthrough time gradually shortens and then tends to stabilize.

[0059] Specifically, the fourth decontamination liquid inlet 53 and the fourth decontamination liquid outlet 54 are used by the system to monitor the decontamination liquid in real time, analyze its concentration, and update it to maintain a high decontamination efficiency.

[0060] Example 2:

[0061] An emergency decontamination method for toxic gas hazardous chemicals, using the decontamination system disclosed in Example 1, specifically includes the following steps:

[0062] First, the exhaust fan 6 sends the toxic gas hazardous chemicals into the Venturi decontamination and separation device 2 through the first gas phase inlet 20. The toxic gas hazardous chemicals and decontamination liquid are initially decontaminated in the Venturi decontamination assembly. The gas and decontamination liquid after the reaction are separated in the gas-liquid separation assembly. The decontamination liquid enters the hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device 3 through the first liquid phase outlet 23. The gas passes through the first gas phase outlet 22 and the second gas phase inlet 30 in sequence, and then enters the decontamination liquid storage chamber 1 from the bottom nozzle at the second gas phase outlet 31 to start the secondary decontamination. The gas passes through the decontamination liquid storage chamber 1 in a bubbling manner from bottom to top to undergo a secondary reaction. After the reaction, the decontamination liquid is still stored in the decontamination liquid storage chamber 1. The gas after the secondary decontamination enters the tail gas adsorption device 4 through the third gas phase outlet 11 and is adsorbed by the adsorbent.

[0063] The decontamination liquid in the decontamination liquid storage tank 1 enters the solid recovery device 5 through the third liquid phase inlet 51 for the recovery and disposal of solid materials and the renewal of the composition of the decontamination liquid. The decontamination liquid returns to the decontamination liquid storage tank through the third liquid phase outlet 52.

[0064] After secondary decontamination, toxic gases with low emergency emission standards are directly discharged into the atmosphere from the top of the decontamination liquid storage chamber 1, while gases with higher toxicity or high emergency emission standards enter the tail gas adsorption device 4 for fine adsorption.

[0065] Specifically, this method is applicable to the efficient handling of leaked toxic gases and hazardous chemicals in valve chambers, tunnels, or during sewage transfer processes, such as H2S gas from oil, natural gas, and refining. This method can handle H2S gas concentrations ranging from 1 to 12,000 ppm and processing throughputs from 0 to 10,000 Nm³. 3 / h. Using multiple devices operating in parallel can increase the processing capacity of toxic gases. Based on results from practical applications, the final outlet concentration of this system should be ≤20ppm lower than the emergency emission standard, and the toxic gas decontamination rate should be >90%.

[0066] This method is primarily used for emergency decontamination of toxic gases. If the equipment is too large, it may not meet the emergency delivery requirements. Therefore, when selecting a decontamination agent for H2S gas, a regenerable decontamination agent is preferred. The absorbent uses a sodium carbonate / resorcinol system, with resorcinol as the catalyst. The decontamination solution can also be Fe... 3+ / Fe 2 + V 2+ / V 3+ I 3- The solid product of the reaction is sulfur, with an optimal outlet concentration of <1 ppm.

[0067] Specifically, this method is also applicable to the efficient treatment of various toxic gases such as methanol vapor, gasoline vapor, HCl gas, and HF. It can be used for the efficient emergency treatment of toxic gases from industries such as methanol, refining and chemical plant tail gas, electrolytic hydrogen production, and lithium-ion batteries. It can also meet the purification needs of normal production tail gas. During use, the materials used in the system can be adjusted according to the corrosive characteristics of different systems. This invention has excellent applicability to leaked toxic gases in valve chambers, tunnels, and urban underground pipe networks. The decontamination efficiency for water-soluble systems such as methanol vapor, HCl gas, and HF is >90%, and the decontamination efficiency for non-water-soluble systems such as gasoline vapor and benzene is >75%.

[0068] Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the examples given above. Any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An emergency decontamination system for toxic gas hazardous chemicals, characterized in that, The device includes a sequentially connected air intake device, a Venturi decontamination and separation device, a hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device, a decontamination liquid storage tank, a tail gas adsorption device, and a solid recovery device. The Venturi decontamination and separation device and the hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device are located inside the decontamination liquid storage tank. The Venturi scrubbing and separation device is provided with a first gas phase inlet, a first liquid phase inlet, a first gas phase outlet, and a first liquid phase outlet; The hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device is equipped with a second gas phase inlet and a second gas phase outlet. The decontamination liquid storage tank is provided with a second liquid phase inlet, a second liquid phase outlet and a third gas phase outlet; the second liquid phase inlet and the third gas phase outlet are located at the top of the decontamination liquid storage tank, and the second liquid phase outlet is located at the bottom of the decontamination liquid storage tank. The exhaust gas adsorption device is provided with a third gas phase inlet at the bottom and a fourth gas phase outlet at the top. The solid recovery device is equipped with a third liquid phase inlet, a third liquid phase outlet, a fourth liquid phase inlet, and a fourth liquid phase outlet; The first gas phase inlet of the Venturi decontamination and separation device is connected to the induced draft device via a pipeline, and the first gas phase outlet is connected to the second gas phase inlet of the hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device via a pipeline; the first liquid phase outlet is connected to the hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device via a U-shaped pipeline. The second gas phase outlet of the hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device is located at the bottom of the hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device, and a bottom nozzle is provided below the second gas phase outlet. The third gas phase outlet of the decontamination liquid storage chamber is connected to the third gas phase inlet of the tail gas adsorption device via a pipeline. The fourth gas phase outlet of the tail gas adsorption device is connected to the first gas phase outlet via a pipeline. The third liquid phase inlet of the solid recovery device is connected to the second liquid phase outlet of the decontamination liquid storage tank through a pipeline, and the third liquid phase outlet is connected to the second liquid phase inlet of the decontamination liquid storage tank through a pipeline. A fourth liquid phase inlet and a fourth liquid phase outlet are connected to the pipeline between the third liquid phase inlet and the second liquid phase outlet. The Venturi decontamination and separation device includes a Venturi decontamination component and a gas-liquid separation component. The Venturi decontamination component is vertically arranged, and the gas-liquid separation component is horizontally arranged. The first gas phase inlet and the first liquid phase inlet are located at the bottom of the Venturi decontamination component.

2. The emergency decontamination system for toxic gases and hazardous chemicals according to claim 1, characterized in that, A tee is provided on the pipe between the third gas phase outlet of the decontamination liquid storage chamber and the third gas phase inlet of the tail gas adsorption device, and the third end of the tee is connected to the atmosphere through a pipe.

3. The emergency decontamination system for toxic gases and hazardous chemicals according to claim 1, characterized in that, A valve is installed on the pipeline between the fourth gas phase outlet of the tail gas adsorption device and the first gas phase outlet of the Venturi decontamination and separation device, and a valve is installed on the pipeline between the third liquid phase inlet of the solid recovery device and the second liquid phase outlet of the decontamination liquid storage chamber.

4. The emergency decontamination system for toxic gases and hazardous chemicals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The decontamination liquid storage chamber is equipped with two or more liquid distribution plates perpendicular to the gas flow direction.

5. The emergency decontamination system for toxic gases and hazardous chemicals according to claim 4, characterized in that, The hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device is made of stainless steel and can withstand pressure of 1.0 MPa or higher.

6. The emergency decontamination system for toxic gases and hazardous chemicals according to claim 1, characterized in that, A mist trap is installed at the inlet of the pipeline between the decontamination liquid storage chamber and the exhaust gas treatment device. The mist trap is composed of 3-6 layers of stainless steel mesh that are cross-stacked or parallel-stacked to ensure that the droplet interception rate is >60% and the droplet interception diameter is ≥100 μm.

7. The emergency decontamination system for toxic gases and hazardous chemicals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorption material filled in the exhaust gas adsorption device is activated carbon, activated carbon impregnated with detergent, or metal oxide adsorbent.

8. A method for emergency decontamination of toxic gas hazardous chemicals, employing an emergency decontamination system for toxic gas hazardous chemicals as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The exhaust fan directs the toxic gas hazardous chemicals into the Venturi decontamination and separation device through the first gas phase inlet. Preliminary decontamination of the toxic gas hazardous chemicals and decontamination liquid is achieved within the Venturi decontamination assembly. The reacted gas and decontamination liquid undergo gas-liquid separation within the gas-liquid separation assembly. The decontamination liquid enters the hazardous chemical bubbling decontamination device through the first liquid phase outlet. The gas sequentially passes through the first gas phase outlet and the second gas phase inlet, then enters the decontamination liquid storage chamber from the bottom nozzle at the second gas phase outlet to begin secondary decontamination. The gas undergoes a secondary reaction in the decontamination liquid storage chamber in a bubbling manner. After the reaction, the decontamination liquid remains stored in the decontamination liquid storage chamber. The gas after secondary decontamination enters the tail gas adsorption device through the third gas phase outlet, where it is adsorbed by the adsorbent. The decontamination solution in the decontamination solution storage tank enters the solid recovery device through the second liquid phase inlet for the recovery and disposal of solid materials and the renewal of the composition of the decontamination solution. The decontamination solution returns to the decontamination solution storage tank through the second liquid phase outlet.

9. The emergency decontamination method for toxic gas hazardous chemicals according to claim 8, characterized in that, After secondary decontamination, toxic gases with low emergency emission standards are directly discharged into the atmosphere from the top of the decontamination liquid storage tank, while gases with higher toxicity or high emergency emission standards enter the exhaust gas adsorption device for fine adsorption.

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