A profile semi-solid horizontal extrusion device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a profile semi-solid horizontal extrusion device and method, and belongs to the semi-solid forming field.The method comprises the following steps: firstly, placing a deformed metal blank in a heating furnace to be heated, and setting the temperature to be 10-20 DEG C higher than the solidus temperature of the metal; and then, feeding the metal into an extruder to be extruded.The deformation heat effect is generated by a conical extrusion cylinder in the extrusion process, and about 5% of the work done by the extrusion rod is stored in the metal lattice in the form of distortion energy, and the rest is all converted into heat.Therefore, in the extrusion cylinder, the solid blank is heated to change into a state of coexistence of solid and liquid phases, i.e., a slurry state.In the slurry state, the deformation energy is introduced into the solid phase crystal grains in the semi-solid slurry through a die, and then, the semi-solid slurry is extruded to be formed, and after water quenching treatment, the metal semi-solid profile is prepared, and the profile is subjected to subsequent heat treatment to obtain a final product.The method has the advantages that the metal profile is prepared by using isothermal treatment and semi-solid extrusion, the technological process is relatively short, the profile can be nearly net formed, the production cost is low, the profile prepared has small grain size and good mechanical properties.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a profile semi-solid horizontal extrusion device and method, belonging to the semi-solid forming field. BACKGROUND

[0002] Semi-solid forming technology has the advantages of casting processing and plastic processing, and is widely used in military, aerospace, civil, automobile industry and precision parts preparation and other fields. Metal semi-solid forming technology can be mainly divided into two kinds, rheoforming and thixoforming, and strain-induced melt activation (SIMA) is a kind of thixoforming method. This method has the advantages of short process, simple operation, low forming temperature, long mold life, etc., and is widely studied by scholars at home and abroad. The core of SIMA method is to store deformation energy by plastic deformation of metal and then to obtain semi-solid organization by isothermal treatment. Compared with traditional casting or forging, it has the characteristics of low forming temperature, few pores, dense structure, high material utilization rate, etc. Therefore, the semi-solid forming method is expected to solve the problems of low material utilization rate, low mechanical properties, long production cycle, and many defects in the production of existing profiles.

[0003] Profile extrusion is a kind of large plastic deformation forming method, which has the characteristics of short process, stable discharge, low energy consumption, dense structure, small grain size, etc. In production, a considerable length of billet needs to be transported to extrude a profile of a certain length, which also increases the force required for extrusion. After each extrusion, the residual material is separated from the mold by a shearing device, which causes a certain degree of waste. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a profile semi-solid horizontal extrusion device, which can reduce production cost while ensuring high production efficiency. The device comprises an extrusion rod core rod 1, an extrusion rod 2, a mold 3, a water cooling device 4, a main cylinder 8, a ingot feeder 9, and a traction device 10. The extrusion rod 2, the ingot feeder 9, the extrusion cylinder, and the mold 3 are arranged in the main cylinder 8 from left to right. The central axes of the extrusion rod 2, the extrusion cylinder, and the mold 3 are on a straight line. The ingot feeder 9 can move up and down to supply ingots. The extrusion cylinder has a heat preservation function and is tapered at the end. The traction device 10 and the water cooling device 4 are arranged on one side of the main cylinder 8. The water cooling device 4 is arranged close to the discharge port.

[0005] Preferably, the extrusion rod 2 is provided with an extrusion rod core rod 1, which drives the extrusion rod 2 to extrude the billet 7.

[0006] Preferably, the extrusion cylinder of the present invention includes an extrusion cylinder liner 5 and an extrusion cylinder outer sleeve 6. The extrusion cylinder liner 5 has a heat preservation function, and the end of the extrusion cylinder has a conical structure.

[0007] Another objective of this invention is a semi-solid extrusion method for profiles using the aforementioned apparatus. The profile is extruded and deformed in a semi-solid slurry state, then fed into a mold for forming. During extrusion, the billet near the solidus temperature rises to the semi-solid temperature range in the conical extrusion cylinder due to thermal deformation, forming a slurry state. The slurry has good fluidity. As it passes through the mold, the solid grains store a large amount of deformation energy, which is released during solidification, promoting recrystallization to achieve the purpose of preparing fine-grained profiles. This process is shorter, can achieve net-fine forming, and has a significant effect on refining profile grains. Specifically, it includes the following steps:

[0008] (1) First, the cast metal billet is subjected to cold deformation treatment, and the deformed billet is subjected to isothermal treatment at the solidus temperature.

[0009] (2) The metal billet processed in step 1 is quickly fed into the main cylinder 8 by the ingot feeder 9, and the billet 7 is pushed into the extrusion cylinder by the extrusion rod 2. Due to the deformation heat effect, the conical extrusion cylinder heats up the billet to the semi-solid temperature.

[0010] (3) The semi-solid slurry is pushed from the conical extrusion cylinder into the mold 3 for extrusion molding. After extrusion, the profile is water-quenched by the water cooling device 4.

[0011] Preferably, the cold deformation amount in step (1) of the present invention ranges from 20% to 50%.

[0012] Preferably, the isothermal temperature in step (2) of the present invention is T. S Lower the temperature to 10-20℃ and heat for 2-3 hours. S It is a solid phase line.

[0013] Preferably, in step (2) of the present invention, the temperature of the conical extrusion cylinder is Ts, and there is a deformation heat effect during the extrusion process, which can maintain the deformation in a semi-solid slurry state, and the extrusion speed is 2 to 3 mm / s.

[0014] Preferably, in step (3) of the present invention, the slurry passes through the mold under the continuous advance of the extrusion rod, and the mold temperature is T. L / 2, The conical extrusion cylinder closes with the die base, extruding the part, T L This is the liquidus temperature.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0016] (1) Existing semi-solid materials have extremely poor formability and are basically formed in a limited volume; moreover, their fluidity is also poor, making them unsuitable for casting; pouring them into a semi-solid slurry requires higher energy consumption, and secondly, they need to be cooled to the solidus temperature before extrusion, otherwise the extrusion rod cannot push in the soft slurry, which reduces the extrusion efficiency. This invention uses a billet feeder to push the billet into a conical extrusion cylinder in solid form. Due to the deformation heat effect, the conical extrusion cylinder can heat the billet to a semi-solid state. Taking advantage of the good fluidity of the semi-solid slurry, complex cross-section profiles can be formed.

[0017] (2) The present invention uses an external water cooling device, and the profile is immediately water quenched after extrusion, which can obtain a product with excellent performance. The device in the present invention can realize continuous and uninterrupted extrusion, and the connection between the new and old billets is in a semi-solid state, which has a better connection effect than solid to solid. The process flow of the present invention is shorter, the profile grain refinement effect is better, and near-net-shape forming can be achieved.

[0018] The principle of the deformation heat effect described in this invention is as follows:

[0019] In aluminum alloy extrusion, extrusion temperature and extrusion speed are two key parameters. The temperature of the plastic deformation zone depends on the billet heating temperature, the heat of deformation, and the heat absorbed by the surrounding material. The higher the extrusion speed or the flow rate of the metal material, the less heat is absorbed by the surrounding material, and the higher the temperature of the plastic deformation zone, and vice versa. Under a certain deformation level, either by selecting a suitable heating temperature or a suitable deformation rate, the temperature of the plastic deformation zone can be maintained within the required range. When the deformation rate is slow, the heating temperature must be increased; while when the deformation rate is high, the heating temperature must be decreased. This invention utilizes a conical extrusion cylinder and a lower die temperature to achieve higher extrusion forming efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the content described.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] A semi-solid horizontal extrusion device for profiles, such as Figure 1As shown, including extrusion rod core rod 1, extrusion rod 2, die 3, water cooling device 4, main cylinder 8, ingot feeder 9, traction device 10; main cylinder 8 inside from left to right in turn is equipped with extrusion rod 2, ingot feeder 9, extrusion cylinder, die 3, the central axis of extrusion rod 2, extrusion cylinder, die 3 is on a straight line; Ingot feeder 9 can move up and down to realize the supply of ingot, the extrusion cylinder has the function of heat preservation, the end of the extrusion cylinder is a tapered structure, which is arranged in the die 3, a traction device 10 and a water cooling device 4 are arranged on one side of the main cylinder 8; The water cooling device 4 is closely arranged at the discharge port; The extrusion rod 2 is provided with an extrusion rod core rod 1, which drives the extrusion rod 2 to extrude the blank 7; The extrusion cylinder includes an extrusion cylinder lining 5 and an extrusion cylinder sleeve 6, and the extrusion cylinder lining 5 has the function of heat preservation, and the end of the extrusion cylinder is a tapered structure.

[0024] Example 2

[0025] The method for semi-solid extrusion of profile described in this embodiment uses 6061 aluminum alloy for extrusion, the solidus temperature of which is 580 DEG C, and the liquidus temperature is 650 DEG C, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0026] (1) First, the blank with 20% deformation is placed at 575 DEG C for 2h.

[0027] (2) The heated blank is sent into the ingot feeder, and the extrusion speed is 2mm / s, the extrusion cylinder temperature is 580 DEG C, and the die temperature is 325 DEG C for extrusion, and the semi-solid extruded profile is obtained.

[0028] (3) The semi-solid extruded profile is treated by online water quenching.

[0029] This embodiment uses 6061 aluminum alloy to introduce deformation energy for extrusion, and finally obtains semi-solid extruded profile with smooth surface and good performance.

[0030] Example 3

[0031] The method for semi-solid extrusion of profile described in this embodiment uses 6082 aluminum alloy for extrusion, the solidus temperature of which is 585 DEG C, and the liquidus temperature is 650 DEG C, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0032] (1) First, the blank with 20% deformation is placed at 575 DEG C for 2h.

[0033] (2) The heated blank is sent into the ingot feeder, and the extrusion speed is 2mm / s, the extrusion cylinder temperature is 585 DEG C, and the die temperature is 325 DEG C for extrusion, and the semi-solid extruded profile is obtained.

[0034] (3) The semi-solid extruded profile is treated by online water quenching.

[0035] The example adopts 6082 aluminum alloy to introduce deformation energy and then extrude, and finally obtains semi-solid extruded profile with smooth surface and good performance.

[0036] Example 4

[0037] The example adopts 6063 aluminum alloy to extrude, the alloy solidus temperature is 568℃, and liquidus temperature is 652℃, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0038] (1) first, the 20% deformation amount of the blank is placed at 555℃ for 2h.

[0039] (2) the heated blank is sent to the spindle, and the extrusion speed of 2mm / s, the extrusion cylinder temperature of 568℃ and the mold temperature of 326℃ are adopted to extrude, and semi-solid extruded profile is obtained.

[0040] (3) the semi-solid extruded profile is treated by on-line water quenching.

[0041] The example adopts 6063 aluminum alloy to introduce deformation energy and then extrude, and finally obtains semi-solid extruded profile with smooth surface and good performance.

Claims

1. A semi-solid extrusion method for preparing profiles, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: (1) First, the cast metal billet is subjected to cold deformation treatment, and the deformed billet is subjected to isothermal treatment at the solidus temperature. (2) The metal billet processed in step (1) is quickly fed into the main cylinder (8) by the ingot feeder (9), and the billet (7) is pushed into the extrusion cylinder by the extrusion rod (2). Due to the deformation heat effect, the conical extrusion cylinder heats up the billet to the semi-solid temperature. (3) The semi-solid slurry is pushed from the conical extrusion cylinder into the mold (3) for extrusion molding. After extrusion, the profile is water-quenched by the water cooling device (4). In step (2), the temperature of the conical extrusion cylinder is Ts. During the extrusion process, there is a deformation heat effect, which can maintain the deformation in a semi-solid slurry state. The extrusion speed is 2~3 mm / s. In step (3), the slurry passes through the die under the continuous advance of the extrusion rod, and the die temperature is T. L / 2, The conical extrusion cylinder closes with the die, extruding the part, T L This is the liquidus temperature; The device used in the semi-solid extrusion method is a profile semi-solid horizontal extrusion device, including an extrusion rod (2), a die (3), a water cooling device (4), a main cylinder (8), a feeder (9), and a traction device (10). The main cylinder (8) is provided with the extrusion rod (2), the feeder (9), the extrusion cylinder, and the die (3) in sequence from left to right. The central axis of the extrusion rod (2), the extrusion cylinder, and the die (3) is on a straight line. The feeder (9) can move up and down to feed the ingots. The extrusion cylinder has a heat preservation function. The end of the extrusion cylinder is a conical structure and is set inside the die (3). The traction device (10) and the water cooling device (4) are provided on one side of the main cylinder (8). The water cooling device (4) is placed close to the discharge port.

2. The semi-solid extrusion method for preparing profiles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extrusion rod (2) is provided with an extrusion rod core rod (1) on the outside, and the extrusion rod core rod (1) drives the extrusion rod (2) to extrude the blank (7).

3. The semi-solid extrusion method for preparing profiles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extrusion cylinder includes an inner liner (5) and an outer sleeve (6). The inner liner (5) has a heat preservation function, and the end of the extrusion cylinder has a conical structure.

4. In the semi-solid extrusion method for preparing profiles according to claim 1, the cold deformation range in step (1) is 20%~50%.

5. The semi-solid extrusion method for preparing profiles according to claim 1, wherein the isothermal temperature in step (2) is T. S Heat at 10-20℃ for 2-3 hours. S It is a solid phase line.

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