A multi-axis external turning method

Abstract

A multi-axis external turning method uses a multi-axis external turning device for a lathe, which includes a connecting device, a turntable, and a locking mechanism for locking the position of the turntable and the connecting device. The connecting device includes a disk body and a flange interface. There is a flange interface on the back of the disk body for connecting to the lathe flange. The turntable is eccentrically connected to the front of the disk body through a detachable connecting piece. There is a positioning and clamping device for clamping parts on the turntable. When the locking mechanism is in the unlocked state and the turntable rotates around the rotation center, the rotation trajectory of the axis of the fixed shaft is a cylindrical trajectory, and the rotation trajectories of the axes of the two fixed shafts coincide. The axis of the disk body coincides with one side of the cylindrical trajectory. When the axis of one fixed shaft of the part rotates to coincide with the axis of the disk body, the locking mechanism locks the turntable. The present invention is mainly used for machining the external circle and end face of a multi-axis system, realizing the machining of different specifications of a type of parts by the lathe, with strong adaptability, and effectively improving the machining efficiency and quality at the same time.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the patent with the application date of November 9, 2021, application number 2021113171022, and invention title "A multi-axis external turning device for lathes". Technical Field

[0002] The present invention belongs to the field of machining, and specifically relates to a method for machining multi-axis external circles based on a common CNC lathe. Background Art

[0003] Generally, the external cylindrical surfaces in parts are machined by lathes. Lathes use the rotational movement of the workpiece and the linear movement of the tool to change the shape and size of the blank. When machining the external circle of the workpiece, the external circle of the workpiece needs to be coaxial with the rotation center of the machine tool, so as to machine it into the requirements of the drawing. Since the rotation center of the lathe is unique, the lathe can only machine one external circle on the same part and cannot machine multiple-axis external circles on the same part. In the prior art, parts similar to this type with multiple-axis external circles cannot be machined on the lathe and need to be machined by a CNC milling machine. Due to the structure of the milling machine, there are reverse clearances and equipment vibrations when machining the external circle, so the roundness of the machined part external circle is poor and the machining efficiency is lower than that of the lathe. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, and thus provide a multi-axis external turning method, which is mainly used to machine multi-axis external circles and end faces, realizes the machining of a type of parts with different specifications on the lathe, has strong adaptability, and effectively improves the machining efficiency and quality at the same time.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: including a connecting device, a turntable, and a locking mechanism for locking the positions of the turntable and the connecting device. The connecting device includes a disc body and a flange interface. There is a flange interface on the back of the disc body for connecting with the lathe flange. The turntable is eccentrically connected to the front of the disc body through a detachable connecting piece;

[0006] There is a positioning and clamping device for clamping the part on the turntable. The size of the turntable is determined by the clamping device / positioning device / fixed counterweight, and the turntable needs to ensure that there is enough installation position for the above devices;

[0007] The part includes a fixed seat, a fixing plate connected to the end of the fixed seat, and two fixed shafts vertically installed on the fixing plate. The surface of the fixing plate is parallel to the surface of the turntable. The center of the circle where the projections of the two fixed shafts on the fixing plate are located is symmetric about the symmetry plane of the fixing plate in the width direction; the midpoint of the connection line of the centers of the circles where the projections of the two fixed shafts on the fixing plate are located coincides with the rotation center of the turntable;

[0008] When the locking mechanism is in the unlocked state and the turntable rotates around the rotation center, the rotation trajectory of the axis of the fixed shaft is a cylindrical trajectory, and the rotation trajectories of the axes of the two fixed shafts coincide; the axis of the disc body coincides with one side of the cylindrical trajectory;

[0009] When the axis of a fixed shaft of the part rotates to coincide with the axis of the disk body, the locking mechanism locks the turntable.

[0010] There are two opposite notches on the outer circumferential surface of the turntable; when the axis of a fixed shaft of the part rotates to coincide with the axis of the disk body, one notch on the turntable corresponds to the locking mechanism, and the locking mechanism locks the turntable through one notch; when the axis of the other fixed shaft of the part rotates to coincide with the axis of the disk body, the other notch on the turntable corresponds to the locking mechanism, and the locking mechanism locks the turntable through the other notch.

[0011] The detachable connecting piece includes a connecting piece one located at the rotation center of the turntable and a connecting piece two located at the periphery of the turntable.

[0012] There are two connecting pieces two, and the two connecting pieces two are symmetric about the rotation center of the turntable; there are two opposite grooves one on the outer circumferential surface of the turntable, and the connecting piece two is installed at the groove one; there are two installation grooves on the disk body that match the groove one, one of the installation grooves is located on the outer circumferential surface of the disk body, and the other installation groove is located in the disk surface of the disk body, and a relief hole is provided at the position corresponding to the installation groove on the disk surface of the disk body; the groove one and the notch are arranged staggeredly.

[0013] A weight mechanism is also installed on the front surface of the disk body, and the weight mechanism includes a weight iron and a sliding weight; the sliding weight is installed at the assembly groove on the weight iron.

[0014] The weight iron is fan-shaped, and the assembly groove on the weight iron is an oblong arc-shaped groove.

[0015] The oblong arc-shaped groove is symmetric about the plane formed by the rotation center of the turntable and the axis of the disk body; the fan-shaped weight iron includes an outer arc surface and an inner arc surface, and the outer arc surface coincides with the outer circumferential surface of the disk body; the outer circumferential surface of the turntable is inscribed in the outer circumferential surface of the disk body.

[0016] The positioning and clamping device includes a bent plate, a positioning device, and a clamping device;

[0017] The bent plate includes a connecting plate that fits the turntable and a vertical plate connected to the end of the connecting plate. The middle of the vertical plate is a relief hole for the fixed seat of the part to give way, and the positioning device and the clamping device are installed on both sides of the vertical plate;

[0018] The positioning device includes two opposite positioning components. A positioning component includes a positioning support and a positioning mandrel, and a positioning mandrel is installed on the positioning support; when the part needs to be positioned, the head of one positioning mandrel extends into one end of the processing hole on the fixed seat of the part, and the head of the other positioning mandrel extends into the other end of the processing hole on the fixed seat of the part;

[0019] The clamping device includes two oppositely arranged pressing plate assemblies. One pressing plate assembly includes a pressing plate support and a pressing plate mounted on the pressing plate support. When the part needs to be clamped, one head of the pressing plate presses against one end of the fixing plate of the part, and the other head of the pressing plate presses against the other end of the fixing plate hole of the part.

[0020] On the turntable, there are fixed weights arranged opposite to the positioning and clamping device, and reference rods corresponding to the outer cylindrical surfaces of the two fixed shafts of the part.

[0021] The locking mechanism includes a guide sleeve, an elastic telescopic rod, and a seat. The elastic telescopic rod is sleeved in the guide sleeve, and the guide sleeve is connected to the threaded hole 8 on the seat by screws. The elastic telescopic rod includes a rod part and a spring located in the guide sleeve. The rod part is formed by a positioning pin head end connecting pin. The spring is sleeved outside the rod part. The inner end of the rod part corresponds to the notch on the turntable, and a handle is installed at the outer end of the rod part.

[0022] On the turntable, there are fixed weights arranged opposite to the positioning and clamping device, and reference rods corresponding to the outer cylindrical surfaces of the two fixed shafts of the part;

[0023] Determination of the position and weight of the fixed weight: The position and weight need to be confirmed through UG simulation to determine the mass distribution on the entire turntable. The fixed weight is required to ensure that the mass of the entire turntable is uniform and the rotation is stable during processing;

[0024] After machining the outer circle of one fixed shaft of the part, the turntable needs to rotate to machine the outer circle of the other fixed shaft. At this time, the center of gravity of the entire turning device moves. At this time, a sliding weight is required to balance the weight distribution. The position of the sliding weight needs to be determined by UG simulation of the weight distribution, or it can also be determined by on-site tests and marked. After the turntable rotates, just adjust the sliding weight to the marked position to balance the weight of the entire turning device;

[0025] When machining after the part is clamped, the lathe tool is aligned with the plane of the reference rod to confirm the position of the lathe tool relative to the reference rod, thereby determining the position of the tool relative to the workpiece. The installation positions of the two reference rods are respectively below the workpiece's machined outer circle perpendicular to the turntable direction. After the reference rods are installed on the turntable, the plane of the reference rod is flush with the center of the positioning hole on the fixed seat used when the workpiece is clamped on the fixture. Before machining, the tool is aligned with the end face of the reference rod, which also determines the position of the tool relative to the positioning hole on the fixed seat used when the workpiece is clamped. When machining is completed, measuring the distance from the machined end face to the end face of the reference rod is equal to the distance from the machined end face to the hole center;

[0026] Before processing, install the multi-axis external turning device for the lathe on the lathe flange. The parts are clamped through the positioning and clamping device, and the counterweight mechanism is adjusted to the previously marked position. Start the machine tool and observe whether the turning device rotates smoothly. If the force is uneven and it cannot rotate smoothly, fine-tune the sliding counterweight until the workpiece rotates smoothly. Then, the machine tool tool is used to align with the reference bar to determine the relative position of the tool to the workpiece, and the external circle of a fixed axis of the workpiece is processed. After the processing is completed, loosen the bolts of the turntable and the connecting device. The bolts of the connecting device can disassemble the connecting piece, pull open the locking mechanism, rotate the turntable 180°, loosen the locking mechanism to position the turntable, tighten the bolts of the turntable and the connecting device, and process the external circle of the other fixed axis of the workpiece.

[0027] The connecting device is used for connecting the entire device to the lathe flange and connecting the workpiece; the positioning and clamping device is used for positioning and clamping the workpiece on the entire device; the turntable is used for rotating the workpiece to ensure that the machined outer circle surface is coaxial with the lathe rotation center; the reference bar is used to determine the relative position of the machine tool tool to the workpiece; the fixed counterweight is used to balance the mass of the clamping device to achieve a relatively balanced state; the locking mechanism determines the position of the turntable after rotation to ensure that the machined outer circle surface is coaxial with the lathe rotation center; the counterweight mechanism is used to balance the mass of the entire device to ensure smooth rotation of the turning device during processing.

[0028] The connecting device includes a flange interface and a disk body. The part of the flange interface connected to the lathe spindle should be made according to the lathe standard flange interface. The other side is connected to the disk body by bolts. After connection, it should be ensured that the rotation centers of the disk body and the flange interface coincide; connection positions for the turntable and the counterweight mechanism should be left on the disk body.

[0029] The connection and fixation between the turntable and the connecting device are achieved by positioning the center hole of the turntable and connecting with bolts on both sides. Two slots are opened on both sides of the turntable for determining the position of the turntable to rotate and process the other outer circle after processing one outer circle. After locking through the slots, it is necessary to ensure that the machined outer circle surface is coaxial with the lathe rotation center; threaded holes are left on the turntable for the connection and fixation of the positioning and clamping device and the fixed counterweight.

[0030] The positioning and clamping device includes a bent plate, a positioning device, and a clamping device. The bent plate is made of cast steel and is fixed to the turntable by bolt connection; the positioning device uses the machined hole of the workpiece for positioning, and the connection of the positioning device is connected to the bent plate by bolts; the clamping device uses a pressing plate to press and is connected to the bent plate by bolts.

[0031] The fixed counterweight is used to balance the mass of the positioning and clamping device. The counterweight is made of steel and is connected to the turntable by bolts. Its position and weight in the turntable are determined by the weight of the positioning and clamping device.

[0032] The locking mechanism adopts a handle - type telescopic structure. After the turntable rotates, its position is determined to ensure that the machined outer - circle surface is coaxial with the rotary center of the machine tool. The locking mechanism is fixed to the connecting device by bolts.

[0033] The counterweight mechanism consists of a counterweight iron and a sliding counterweight. The position and weight of the counterweight iron are determined by the weight of the entire turntable and the mechanisms installed on the turntable. The sliding counterweight is used to solve the problem that the mass center of gravity moves after the turntable rotates. By moving the sliding counterweight, the weight is balanced to ensure the smooth rotation of the turning device during the machining process. The position, weight of the entire counterweight mechanism and the moving position of the sliding counterweight after the turntable rotates can be determined by UG simulation of the weight distribution or can be determined and marked after on - site tests.

[0034] The turntable is eccentrically connected to the front of the disc body. The turntable rotates around the rotation center, enabling the axes of the fixed shafts of the workpiece placed on the turntable to coincide with the axis of the disc body, realizing the rapid machining of multiple shaft systems on the workpiece. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0035] Figure 1 is the structural schematic diagram of multi - shaft system part one;

[0036] Figure 2 is the structural schematic diagram of multi - shaft system part two;

[0037] Figure 3 is one of the three - dimensional views of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 is another three - dimensional view of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 is the front view of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 is the left view of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 is the top view of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 is the structural schematic diagram of the connecting device;

[0043] Figure 9 is Figure 8 's side view;

[0044] Figure 10 is the structural schematic diagram of the turntable;

[0045] Figure 11 is Figure 10 's side view; [[ID=5,8]]

[0046] Figure 12 is the front view of the bending plate;

[0047] Figure 13It is the left view of the bent plate;

[0048] Figure 14 It is the top view of the bent plate;

[0049] Figure 15 It is the structural schematic diagram of the pressure plate support;

[0050] Figure 16 It is Figure 15 the top view of;

[0051] Figure 17 It is the structural schematic diagram of the positioning support;

[0052] Figure 18 It is Figure 17 the side view of;

[0053] Figure 19 It is the structural schematic diagram of the positioning mandrel;

[0054] Figure 20 It is the structural schematic diagram of the fixed counterweight;

[0055] Figure 21 It is the structural schematic diagram of the seat;

[0056] Figure 22 It is Figure 21 the top view of;

[0057] Figure 23 It is the structural schematic diagram of the locking mechanism;

[0058] Figure 24 It is the structural schematic diagram of the counterweight iron;

[0059] Figure 25 It is Figure 24 the A-A cross-sectional view of;

[0060] Figure 26 It is the structural schematic diagram of the sliding counterweight;

[0061] Figure 27 It is the structural schematic diagram of the reference rod. Specific implementation mode

[0062] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0063] Figure 1 、 2In this case, the present invention can clamp and process one or two kinds of parts with cylindrical surfaces on multiple axes of the same part. The turned cylindrical surfaces have different lengths, and both kinds of parts need to be processed on their cylindrical surfaces and end faces. The part (i.e., the workpiece) includes a fixed seat 102, a fixing plate 101 connected to the end of the fixed seat 102, and two fixed shafts vertically installed on the fixing plate 101. The surface of the fixing plate is parallel to the surface of the turntable 3. The centers of the circles where the projections of the two fixed shafts on the fixing plate are located are symmetric about the symmetry plane in the width direction of the fixing plate; the midpoint of the line connecting the centers of the circles where the projections of the two fixed shafts on the fixing plate 101 are located coincides with the rotation center of the turntable 3. 103’ is the long fixed shaft, and the long fixed shaft 103’ needs to be processed on its cylindrical surface 1031 and end face 1032. 103 is the short fixed shaft.

[0064] Figures 3 - 7 In this case, the present invention includes a connecting device 1, a turntable 3, and a locking mechanism 6 for locking the position of the turntable 3 and the connecting device. The connecting device 1 includes a disk body 9 and a flange interface 8. There is a flange interface 8 on the back of the disk body 9 for connecting to the lathe flange. The size of the disk body 9 is determined by the turntable 3 / counterweight mechanism / locking mechanism and the turning radius of the machine tool. The disk body 9 needs to ensure that there is enough installation space for the turntable 3 / counterweight mechanism / locking mechanism and the diameter of the disk body 9 is smaller than the turning radius of the machine tool to avoid interference between the rotation of the disk body 9 and the turning of the machine tool. The turntable 3 is eccentrically connected to the front of the disk body 9 through a detachable connecting member. The detachable connecting member includes a connecting member one 302 located at the rotation center of the turntable and two connecting members two 301 located at the periphery of the turntable.

[0065] Figure 8 , 9 In this case, the left end of the flange interface 8 is connected to the lathe flange through a 1:4 taper hole 11 and six threaded holes. The disk body 9 is positioned by the hole with the frustum 10 on the flange interface 8 and connected through three threaded holes. After assembly and adjustment to the appropriate position, tighten the screws, drill two holes for fitting, and drive in pins. Two installation slots 91 are opened on the disk body 9 to facilitate the entry of bolts for clamping the turntable 3. One installation slot is on the periphery of the disk body 9, and the other installation slot is inside the disk body 9. Relief holes 92 corresponding to the installation slots are provided on the disk surface of the disk body 9. The relief holes 92 and the installation slot inside the disk body 9 form a T-shaped slot to facilitate the entry of bolts and clamping. Two pin holes are machined on the disk body 9 for positioning the locking mechanism. The positions of the pin holes need to be calculated and determined to ensure that after the workpiece is installed on the turntable 3 and rotated and locked, the center of the machined cylindrical surface is coaxial with the rotation center of the machine tool. When installing the locking mechanism, place the locking mechanism at the positions of the two machined pin holes on the disk body 9, drill the pin holes for the locking mechanism seat ( Figure 22 ), insert pins through the drilled pin holes, drill two threaded holes on the disk body, screw in the threads, and install the locking mechanism. The positions of the two pins and the two machined threaded holes are at the Figure 9 left side position. Lightening holes are machined at the non-assembly positions on the disk body to reduce the weight of the entire device.

[0066] Figure 10 ,11 In it, the turntable is designed with two notches 12 for positioning the turntable position through the locking mechanism after the workpiece rotates. The opening position should ensure that after the workpiece is installed on the turntable and rotated and locked, the machined outer circle is coaxial with the rotary center of the machine tool. A positioning hole 16 is designed to determine the position of the turntable and the connecting device. The positioning hole 16 is eccentrically arranged with the central hole on the connecting device. The central hole on the connecting device should ensure that after the turntable is positioned with this hole and the workpiece is clamped, the center of the machined outer circle surface of the workpiece is coaxial with the rotary center of the connecting device. Two slots 13 are designed to pass through bolts for connection with the connecting device. The UG software is used to conduct a mass analysis on the entire turntable after the parts are installed to determine the position of the fixed counterweight, and then a threaded hole 14 is designed. The fixed counterweight is installed through the threaded hole 14 to ensure uniform mass distribution of the entire turntable. Two threaded holes 15 are designed for installing the reference rod. Five identical holes at the bottom of the turntable are designed with five threaded holes for installing the positioning and clamping devices.

[0067] Figure 12 、 13 In FIGS. 14, the bending plate 17 is a casting and is used for the skeleton support of the entire positioning and clamping device 2. The bending plate is connected and fixed to the turntable by five counterbored holes 18 with bolts. After assembly and adjustment to be appropriate, the screws are tightened, two holes are made by matching, and pins are driven in. Eight threaded holes 19 are designed on the bending plate 17 for installing the clamping device. After assembly and adjustment to be appropriate, the screws are tightened, two holes are made by matching, and pins are driven in. Eight threaded holes 20 are provided on the bending plate 17 for installing the positioning device. After assembly and adjustment to be appropriate, the screws are tightened, two holes are made by matching, and pins are driven in. According to the actual use situation, relief holes are made at the useless assembly surfaces of the bending plate 17 to reduce the weight of the bending plate. The bending plate 17 includes a connecting plate 171 that fits with the turntable 3, a vertical plate 172 connected to the end of the connecting plate. There is a thickening part 170 at the head of the vertical plate for strengthening the strength of the entire bending plate. The middle part of the vertical plate is a relief hole for the fixed seat of the part to make way. The positioning device and the clamping device are installed on both sides of the vertical plate.

[0068] Figure 15 、 16 The pressure plate support 21 in the clamping device is connected to the bending plate 17 through four threaded holes 22. The pressure plate is connected to the pressure plate support 21 through a threaded hole 23. Before machining, the pressure plate presses the workpiece for machining.

[0069] Figure 17 、 18, Nos. 19 is the positioning device. The positioning support 24 is connected to the bent plate 17 through four threaded holes 26. After assembly and adjustment to the appropriate position, tighten the screws, ream two holes, and drive in pins. The positioning mandrel 27 is screwed into the positioning support 24 through thread 28 and thread 1 25 in the positioning support; before workpiece machining, adjust the telescoping of the positioning mandrel 27 by rotating the hexagon 29. When clamping the workpiece, position it by passing the positioning mandrel 27 through the machined hole of the workpiece. The designed positions of the positioning and clamping devices need to ensure that the machined surface of the workpiece is coaxial with the rotation center of the machine tool after clamping.

[0070] Figure 20 The fixed counterweight, the fixed counterweight 5 is connected to the turntable by passing bolts through hole 1 31. The position and weight of the fixed counterweight are determined. The position and weight need to be confirmed by UG simulation to determine the mass distribution on the entire turntable. By using the fixed counterweight, it is necessary to ensure that the mass of the entire turntable is uniform and the rotation is stable during machining.

[0071] Figure 21 , 22 , the seat 32 used for the fixed locking device is connected to the locking device through three threaded holes 8 34; the seat 32 is connected to the connecting device through two holes. After the locking device is installed, adjust the turntable and the locking device to ensure that the machined outer circle is coaxial with the rotation center of the machine tool after the turntable rotates and locks. Then tighten the screws, ream two holes 2 33, and drive in pins.

[0072] Figure 23 The locking device in it includes a positioning pin 35, a guide sleeve 36, a screw 37, a handle 38, a spring 39, and a pin 40. The installation of the positioning device is connected to three threaded holes 8 34 on the seat 32 through the screw 37. The locking device has the function of pulling the handle 38 to realize the telescoping of the positioning pin 35, thereby realizing the positioning function that the positioning pin 35 is stuck into the positioning groove in the turntable after the turntable rotates.

[0073] Figure 24 , 25 , Nos. 26 is the counterweight mechanism. The counterweight iron 70 is connected and fixed to the connecting device through eighteen holes 3 41; the weight and position of the counterweight iron are determined by the entire turning device. After the counterweight iron is installed, it is necessary to ensure that the mass distribution of the entire turning device is uniform after the workpiece is loaded, and the turning device is evenly stressed during rotation. The counterweight iron 70 is designed with a long groove 42 for installing the sliding counterweight 7.

[0074] After machining the outer circle of one fixed shaft of the workpiece, the turntable needs to rotate to machine the outer circle of another fixed shaft. At this time, the center of gravity of the entire turning device moves. At this time, the sliding counterweight 7 is needed to balance the weight distribution. The position of the sliding counterweight needs to be determined by UG simulation of the weight distribution, or it can also be determined by on-site tests and marked. After the turntable 3 rotates, just adjust the sliding counterweight 7 to the marked position to balance the weight of the entire turning device. The sliding counterweight 7 is connected and fixed to the counterweight iron through hole 4 43.

[0075] Figure 27 Taking the reference bar as the reference, it is connected to the turntable through the thread 44. The plane 45 is used for the clamping position where the reference bar is inserted into the turntable. When machining after the workpiece is clamped, the lathe tool is aligned with the plane 46 of the reference bar to confirm the position of the tool relative to the reference bar, so as to determine the position of the tool relative to the workpiece. The installation positions of the two reference bars are respectively below the workpiece's turned outer circle perpendicular to the turntable direction. After the reference bar is installed on the turntable, the plane of the reference bar is flush with the center of the positioning hole used when the workpiece is clamped on the fixture. Before machining, the tool is aligned with the end face of the reference bar, which also determines the position of the tool relative to the positioning hole used when the workpiece is clamped. When machining is completed, measuring the distance from the machined end face to the end face of the reference bar is equal to the distance from the machined end face to the hole center.

[0076] Before machining, the turning device is installed on the lathe flange through the connecting device, the workpiece is clamped through the positioning and clamping device, and the counterweight mechanism is adjusted to the previously marked position. Start the machine tool and observe whether the turning device rotates smoothly. If the force is uneven and it cannot rotate smoothly, the sliding counterweight 7 needs to be finely adjusted until the workpiece rotates smoothly. Then the machine tool tool is aligned with the reference bar 4 to determine the position of the tool relative to the workpiece, and the outer circle of a fixed axis of the workpiece is machined. After machining is completed, loosen the bolts of the turntable 3 and the connecting device. The bolts of the connecting device can disassemble the connecting piece, pull open the locking mechanism 6, rotate the turntable 180°, loosen the locking mechanism 6 to position the turntable 3, tighten the bolts of the turntable 3 and the connecting device, and machine the outer circle of the other fixed axis of the workpiece.

Claims

1. A multi-axis external turning method, characterized in that: An external cylindrical turning device for a lathe with a multi-axis system is adopted. The external cylindrical turning device for a lathe with a multi-axis system includes a connecting device (1), a turntable (3), and a locking mechanism (6) for locking the positions of the turntable (3) and the connecting device. The connecting device (1) includes a disk body (9) and a flange interface (8). There is a flange interface (8) on the back of the disk body (9) for connecting with the lathe flange. The turntable (3) is eccentrically connected to the front of the disk body (9) through a detachable connecting member; There is a positioning and clamping device for clamping parts on the turntable (3); The part includes a fixed seat (102) and a fixing plate (101) connected to the end of the fixed seat (102). Two fixed shafts are vertically installed on the fixing plate (101). The surface of the fixing plate is parallel to the surface of the turntable (3). The centers of the circles where the projections of the two fixed shafts on the fixing plate are located are symmetric about the symmetry plane of the fixing plate in the width direction; The midpoint of the connection line of the centers of the circles where the projections of the two fixed shafts on the fixing plate are located coincides with the rotation center of the turntable (3); When the locking mechanism (6) is in the unlocked state and the turntable (3) rotates around the rotation center, the rotation trajectory of the axis of the fixed shaft is a cylindrical trajectory, and the rotation trajectories of the axes of the two fixed shafts coincide; The axis of the disk body (9) coincides with one side of the cylindrical trajectory; When the axis of one fixed shaft of the part rotates to coincide with the axis of the disk body (9), the locking mechanism (6) locks the turntable (3); The positioning and clamping device includes a bent plate (17), a positioning device, and a clamping device; The bent plate (17) includes a connecting plate (171) that fits with the turntable (3) and a vertical plate (172) connected to the end of the connecting plate. The middle part of the vertical plate is a relief hole for the fixed seat of the part to pass through. The positioning device and the clamping device are installed on both sides of the vertical plate; The positioning device includes two relatively arranged positioning components. A positioning component includes a positioning support (24) and a positioning mandrel (27). A positioning mandrel (27) is installed on a positioning support (24); When the part needs to be positioned, the head of one positioning mandrel (27) extends into one end of the processing hole on the fixed seat of the part, and the head of the other positioning mandrel (27) extends into the other end of the processing hole on the fixed seat of the part; The clamping device includes two relatively arranged pressing plate components. A pressing plate component includes a pressing plate support (21) and a pressing plate installed on the pressing plate support (21); When the part needs to be clamped, the head of one pressing plate presses on one end of the fixing plate of the part, and the head of the other pressing plate presses on the other end of the fixing plate hole of the part; There are a fixed counterweight (5) and a reference rod (4) corresponding to the outer cylindrical surfaces of the two fixed shafts of the part, which are arranged opposite to the positioning and clamping device on the turntable (3); A counterweight mechanism is also installed on the front of the disk body (9). The counterweight mechanism includes a counterweight iron (70) and a sliding counterweight (7); The sliding counterweight (7) is installed at the assembly groove on the counterweight iron; Determination of the position and weight of the fixed counterweight: The position and weight need to be determined by confirming the mass distribution on the entire turntable through UG simulation. The fixed counterweight is required to ensure uniform mass on the entire turntable and smooth rotation during processing; After machining the outer circle of one fixed shaft of the part, the rear turntable needs to rotate to machine the outer circle of another fixed shaft. At this time, the center of gravity of the entire turning device moves, and a sliding counterweight (7) is required to balance the weight distribution. The position of the sliding counterweight needs to be determined by UG simulation of the weight distribution or can also be determined and marked after on-site tests. After the turntable (3) rotates, just adjust the sliding counterweight (7) to the marked position to balance the weight of the entire turning device. When machining after the part is clamped, the lathe tool is aligned with the reference bar plane (46) to confirm the position of the lathe tool relative to the reference bar, thereby determining the position of the tool relative to the workpiece. The installation positions of the two reference bars are respectively below the outer circle of the workpiece to be turned in the direction perpendicular to the turntable. After the reference bar is installed on the turntable, the reference bar plane is flush with the center of the positioning hole on the fixed seat (102) used when the workpiece is clamped on the fixture. Before machining, the tool is aligned with the end face of the reference bar, which also determines the position of the tool relative to the positioning hole on the fixed seat (102) used when the workpiece is clamped. When machining is completed, measure the distance from the machined end face to the end face of the reference bar, which is equal to the distance from the machined end face to the hole center. Before machining, install the multi-axis external cylindrical turning device of the lathe on the lathe flange. The part is clamped through the positioning and clamping device, and the counterweight mechanism is adjusted to the previously marked position. Start the machine tool and observe whether the turning device rotates smoothly. If the force is uneven and it cannot rotate smoothly, fine-tune the sliding counterweight (7) until the workpiece rotates smoothly. Then, the lathe tool is aligned with the reference bar (4) to determine the position of the tool relative to the workpiece, and the outer circle of one fixed shaft of the workpiece is machined. After machining is completed, loosen the bolts of the turntable (3) and the connecting device. The bolts of the connecting device can disassemble the connecting piece, pull open the locking mechanism (6), rotate the turntable 180°, loosen the locking mechanism (6) to position the turntable (3), and tighten the bolts of the turntable (3) and the connecting device to machine the outer circle of the other fixed shaft of the workpiece.

2. The multi-axis external turning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two opposite notches (12) on the outer circle surface of the turntable (3). When the axis of one fixed shaft of the part rotates to coincide with the axis of the disk body (9), one notch on the turntable (3) corresponds to the locking mechanism (6), and the locking mechanism (6) locks the turntable (3) through one notch. When the axis of the other fixed shaft of the part rotates to coincide with the axis of the disk body (9), the other notch on the turntable (3) corresponds to the locking mechanism (6), and the locking mechanism (6) locks the turntable (3) through the other notch.

3. The multi-axis external turning method according to claim 1, wherein: The detachable connecting piece includes a connecting piece one (302) located at the center of rotation of the turntable and a connecting piece two (301) located on the periphery of the turntable.

4. The multi-axis external turning method according to claim 3, characterized in that: There are two connecting piece twos. The two connecting piece twos are symmetric about the center of rotation of the turntable. There are two opposite grooves one (13) on the outer circle surface of the turntable (3), and the connecting piece two is installed at the groove one (13). There are two installation grooves (91) on the disk body (9) that match the groove one (13). One installation groove is located on the outer circle surface of the disk body (9), and the other installation groove is located inside the disk surface of the disk body (9). A relief hole (92) is provided on the disk surface of the disk body (9) corresponding to the installation groove. The groove one (13) and the notch (12) are arranged staggeredly.

5. The multi-axis external turning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The counterweight is fan-shaped with an assembly groove on it being an oblong arc-shaped groove.

6. The multi-axis external turning method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The oblong arc-shaped groove is symmetric about the plane formed by the rotation center of the turntable (3) and the axis of the disk body (9); the fan-shaped counterweight includes an outer arc surface and an inner arc surface, and the outer arc surface coincides with the outer circular surface of the disk body (9); the outer circular surface of the turntable (3) is internally tangent to the outer circular surface of the disk body (9).

7. The multi-axis external turning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking mechanism (6) includes a guide sleeve (36), an elastic telescopic rod, and a seat (32). The elastic telescopic rod is sleeved in the guide sleeve (36), and the guide sleeve (36) is connected to the threaded hole eight (34) on the seat (32) by a screw (37); the elastic telescopic rod includes a rod portion and a spring (39) located in the guide sleeve (36). The rod portion is formed by connecting a positioning pin (35) to the head end of a connecting pin (40). The spring (39) is sleeved outside the rod portion. The inner end of the rod portion corresponds to the notch (12) on the turntable (3), and a handle (38) is installed at the outer end of the rod portion.

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