Phase change ventilation and power generation integrated module device for glass enclosures

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to an integrated phase change ventilation power generation module device for a glass enclosure structure. The device includes: a photovoltaic module, a phase change module, a ventilation system, and a control system; the photovoltaic module includes a first glass, a second glass, and a photovoltaic panel; the phase change module includes paraffin, a glass cavity, and a window frame; the ventilation system includes a two-way fan, a first ventilation louver, a second ventilation louver, a first ventilation duct, a second ventilation duct, a third glass, and a fourth glass; the control system includes a slideway, an electric pulley, an electric bracket, a phase change control module, a first temperature sensing unit, and a second temperature sensing unit; the phase change control module includes a semiconductor unit, a four-arm Wheatstone bridge, a brushless motor, a coding disk, an angle sensor, and a PID controller; both the first temperature sensing unit and the second temperature sensing unit include a transmitter, a thermistor, and a PLC controller; the embodiments of the present disclosure can solve the problems that the temperature of the photovoltaic components in the existing photovoltaic windows is too high, which affects the power generation efficiency, the waste heat generated by the absorbed solar radiation cannot be efficiently utilized, resulting in energy waste, and the thermal inertia is relatively low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of civil engineering construction, and more particularly, to an integrated modular device that can be used as a building window and can achieve ventilation and power generation. Background Art

[0002] With the development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standards, people's requirements for indoor comfort are increasing day by day, and the energy consumed by buildings during operation also increases accordingly. As a green energy source, the application of solar energy in buildings is an important method to reduce building energy consumption. Among them, realizing the integration of photovoltaic and solar thermal is an effective solution to achieve the efficient utilization of solar energy. Windows, as an important part of the building envelope structure, have problems such as poor thermal mass and simple functions, and are also an important carrier for integrating photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies. As a mature technology, photovoltaic windows combine photovoltaic modules with traditional windows, which can improve the indoor thermal performance while generating electricity. There are already relevant solutions in the prior art, such as the content disclosed in CN110905347 A, a flip-type phase change energy-saving glass door and window. The convenient flip-type phase change energy-saving glass door and window has a phase change material sandwiched between double-layer glasses, and uses the heat absorption and heat release of the phase change material to achieve the effect of energy conservation and environmental protection. At the same time, it adopts a flat rotation method for opening and closing, which is convenient for indoor and outdoor ventilation and convenient for cleaning personnel to clean. However, there are still the following problems in this solution: First, this solution does not consider ensuring the stable temperature of the photovoltaic panel surface through the heat storage and temperature maintenance ability of the phase change material, and adjusting their positions according to the phase state of the phase change material to prevent local overheating; second, this solution does not consider the heat recovery problem in the photovoltaic panel and the phase change material; third, this solution does not consider changing the window structure form to improve the utilization efficiency of waste heat and waste cold in combination with outdoor temperature changes and indoor environmental requirements. That is to say, it does not fundamentally solve the problems that the temperature of the photovoltaic module in the existing photovoltaic window is too high, affecting the power generation efficiency, the waste heat generated by the absorbed solar radiation cannot be efficiently utilized, resulting in energy waste, and the thermal inertia is relatively low. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present disclosure provides an integrated phase change ventilation and power generation module device for a glass envelope structure, which can solve the problems of the prior art pointed out in the background art.

[0004] The integrated phase change ventilation and power generation module device for a glass envelope structure described in the present disclosure, Basic Solution 1:

[0005] It includes a photovoltaic module, a phase change module, a ventilation system and a control system. Its uniqueness lies in that the photovoltaic module includes a first glass, a second glass and a photovoltaic panel; the phase change module includes paraffin, a glass cavity and a window frame; the ventilation system includes a two-way fan, a first ventilation louver, a second ventilation louver, a first ventilation duct, a second ventilation duct, a third glass and a fourth glass; the control system includes a slideway, an electric pulley, an electric bracket, a phase change control module, a first temperature sensing unit and a second temperature sensing unit. Among them, the phase change control module includes a semiconductor unit, a four-arm Wheatstone bridge, a brushless motor, an encoder disk, an angle sensor and a PID controller; the first temperature sensing unit includes a first transmitter, a first thermistor and a first PLC controller, and the second temperature sensing unit includes a second transmitter, a second thermistor and a second PLC controller.

[0006] In the photovoltaic module, both the first glass and the second glass are ultra-white glass, and the photovoltaic panel is fixed in the interlayer of the above-mentioned first glass and the second glass; the electric pulley is installed on the lower side of the photovoltaic module, and the electric pulley is fitted and installed on the slideway.

[0007] In the phase change module, paraffin is filled in the glass cavity and fixed on the window frame made of high-temperature-resistant transparent PVE material through an electric bracket; two adjacent groups of phase change modules are installed vertically staggered to increase the heat exchange area with the air flow, and the air flow can quickly enter the turbulent state through the staggered paths when unfolded, thereby improving the surface heat transfer coefficient and enhancing the heat exchange efficiency.

[0008] In the ventilation system, the third glass and the fourth glass are respectively fixed on the front and back sides of the photovoltaic module and the phase change module, and are connected to the first ventilation duct and the second ventilation duct to form a closed ventilation space; the first ventilation louver is installed at the outlet of the first ventilation duct on the lower side of the window for dust prevention and preventing mosquitoes from entering, and a built-in two-way fan is used to realize air supply and exhaust under different working conditions; the second ventilation louver is installed at the outlet of the second ventilation duct on the upper side of the window.

[0009] In the control system, the first temperature sensing unit is arranged on the first glass and the second glass in the photovoltaic module to monitor the temperatures on both sides of the photovoltaic panel respectively, and converts the resistance change signal of the thermistor into a current signal proportional to the temperature change through a transmitter, and inputs the temperature value into the PLC controller. The PLC controller can judge whether the electric pulley slides on the slideway and the sliding direction.

[0010] The phase change control module is installed on the window frame on the side of the paraffin cavity. When the phase state of the paraffin changes, the semiconductor unit in the phase change control module detects the pressure change, the diffusion resistance in the four-arm Wheatstone bridge changes, and the pressure signal is converted into an electrical signal and input into the brushless motor. The brushless motor with an encoder disk rotates to control the opening and closing of the cavity after receiving the signal, and the rotation angle is calculated according to the position of the electric pulley; the encoder inputs the given position value, and the current position of the phase change glass cavity is fed back through the angle sensor to obtain the difference between the target value and the feedback value. Then, the angle loop signal is output to the speed loop through the PID controller, causing the brushless motor to rotate. When the cavity is about to rotate to the set position, the output of the angle loop reaches a minimum value, so that the output of the speed loop becomes smaller, and the brushless motor controls the cavity to stop stably at the set position.

[0011] The second temperature sensing unit is installed on the outer wall of the first ventilation duct and the second ventilation duct, and is used to monitor the indoor and outdoor temperatures. The resistance change signal of the thermistor is converted into a current signal proportional to the temperature change through a transmitter, and the PLC controller compares the indoor and outdoor temperatures to control the air supply direction of the two-way fan.

[0012] On the basis of the basic solution 1, it is further optimized to obtain solution 2: The opening angle of the electric bracket is determined according to the position of the electric pulley, and it can be opened to the maximum angle close to the fourth glass, and can be controlled to open and close according to the phase state of the paraffin.

[0013] By improving solution 2, solution 3 can be obtained:

[0014] The phase change control module detects the phase state of the paraffin and judges the phase state through the density difference between the two phase states of the paraffin;

[0015] The phase change control module preset a pressure upper limit P1 (Pa) and a pressure lower limit P2 (Pa). When the paraffin wax is in a liquid state, the paraffin wax expands and fills the cavity. At this time, the pressure P at the probe of the phase change control module is greater than P1. The semiconductor unit detects the pressure change, the balance of the four-arm Wheatstone bridge is destroyed, and the output voltage changes. The pressure signal is converted into a weak electrical signal. The brushless motor with a coding disk receives a low level lower than 0.6V and rotates forward to expand the cavity. The forward rotation angle calculates the maximum opening angle according to the position of the electric pulley and inputs it to the encoder. The encoder inputs the given position value, and through the angle sensor, it feeds back the current angle of the phase change glass cavity, obtains the difference between the target value and the feedback value, and then outputs the angle loop signal to the speed loop through the PID controller to make the brushless motor rotate. When the brushless motor is about to rotate to the set cavity expansion position, the output of the angle loop reaches a minimum value, so that the output of the speed loop becomes smaller, and the brushless motor controls the cavity to be stable at the set expansion position. After the paraffin wax solidifies, its volume becomes smaller. At this time, the pressure P at the probe of the phase change control module is less than P2. The semiconductor unit detects the pressure change, the balance of the four-arm Wheatstone bridge is destroyed, and the output voltage changes. The pressure signal is converted into a weak electrical signal. The brushless motor with a coding disk receives a high level higher than 1.5V and rotates in reverse to close the cavity. The angle value required for reverse rotation to close the cavity is input to the encoder through the angle sensor fixed at the cavity rotating shaft. The encoder inputs the angle value of the closing position, and through the angle sensor, it feeds back the current angle of the phase change glass cavity, obtains the difference between the target value and the feedback value, and then outputs the angle loop signal to the speed loop through the PID controller to make the brushless motor rotate. When the brushless motor is about to rotate to the cavity closing position, the output of the angle loop reaches a minimum value, so that the output of the speed loop becomes smaller. After a slight oscillation, the brushless motor controls the cavity to be stable at the cavity closing position.

[0016] On the basis of Solution 3, it is further optimized to obtain Solution 4: The position of the electric pulley is determined by the outside temperature T1 (°C) and the inside temperature T2 (°C) of the photovoltaic panel measured by the first temperature sensing unit. The temperature signal of the first temperature sensing unit is transmitted every half hour. The resistance change signal of the thermistor is converted into a current signal proportional to the temperature change through a transmitter and input to the PLC controller. The PLC controller judges whether the electric pulley slides and the sliding direction according to the following mode. When |T1 - T2| < 1°C, the electric pulley is stationary. When |T1 - T2| > 1°C and T1 < T2, it moves in the direction of the outside of the photovoltaic panel. When |T1 - T2| > 1°C and T1 > T2, it moves in the direction of the inside of the photovoltaic panel. The electric pulley is controlled to rotate by the brushless motor until the photovoltaic panel is pressed against one side of the glass.

[0017] On the basis of Solution 4, it is further optimized to obtain Solution 5: The air supply direction of the two-way fan is based on the outdoor temperature T out (°C) and the indoor temperature Tin (°C) is determined; the second temperature sensor converts the resistance change signal of the thermistor into a current signal proportional to the temperature change through a transmitter and inputs it into the PLC controller; the PLC controller controls the air supply direction of the two-way fan by comparing the indoor and outdoor temperatures. When T out <T in , the two-way fan supplies air indoors, and the outdoor air provides cooling and recovers the waste heat in the photovoltaic panel and paraffin. When T out >T in , the two-way fan exhausts air outdoors, and the indoor air provides cooling for the photovoltaic panel and paraffin.

[0018] On the basis of Scheme 5, it is further optimized to obtain Scheme 6: in the photovoltaic module, both the first glass and the second glass are ultra-clear glass with a thickness of 4 mm; in the ventilation system, the third glass is ultra-clear glass with a thickness of 5 mm, and the fourth glass is heat-reflective glass with a thickness of 5 mm that has the effect of reflecting solar radiation; in the phase change module, paraffin is filled in a glass cavity with a thickness of 15 mm.

[0019] One or more of the above technical solutions adopted in the embodiments of this specification can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0020] By adding a movable phase change component at the rear of the photovoltaic panel, the thermal inertia of the window is increased, and its latent heat is utilized to the maximum extent to absorb heat, maintain the temperature of the photovoltaic panel constant, and thus improve its power generation efficiency. At the same time, according to the phase state of paraffin, the rotation position of the phase change component is controlled to effectively prevent the temperature of the photovoltaic panel from rising due to the overheating phenomenon after paraffin completes the phase change, achieving the purpose of maintaining the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel for a long time.

[0021] By installing movable electric pulleys at the bottom of the photovoltaic module and adjusting the width of the ventilation ducts on both sides, according to the temperature difference on both sides of the photovoltaic panel, the air volume on both sides is adjusted to control the surface temperature on both sides of the photovoltaic panel.

[0022] The ventilation system uses a two-way fan, adjusts the ventilation conditions according to the indoor and outdoor air temperatures, can be linked with the indoor air conditioning system, uses the indoor and outdoor air to provide cooling for the photovoltaic panel and paraffin, and realizes the recovery and utilization of the heat in the photovoltaic module and the phase change module in winter

[0023] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, and do not limit the present disclosure.

[0024] According to the following detailed description of the exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, other features and aspects of the present disclosure will become clear. Description of the Drawings

[0025] The accompanying drawings here are incorporated into the specification and form a part of this specification. These drawings show embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and, together with the specification, are used to explain the technical solutions of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 1 The figure shows a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the device given according to a specific embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 2 The figure shows a control principle diagram of the device given according to a specific embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 3 The figure shows a side cross-sectional view of the device under operating condition 1 given according to a specific embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 4 The figure shows a side cross-sectional view of the device under operating condition 2 given according to a specific embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 5 The figure shows a side cross-sectional view of the device under operating condition 3 given according to a specific embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Description of Specific Embodiments

[0031] Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote elements having the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, the drawings do not have to be drawn to scale unless otherwise specified.

[0032] The special word "exemplary" here means "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration". Any embodiment described as "exemplary" here does not have to be construed as superior or better than other embodiments.

[0033] In addition, for a better description of the present disclosure, numerous specific details are given in the following detailed description. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present disclosure can also be implemented without some specific details. In some instances, methods, means, elements, and circuits well-known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail so as to highlight the gist of the present disclosure.

[0034] The integrated phase change ventilation power generation module for glass enclosures of this species includes four parts: a photovoltaic module, a phase change module, a ventilation system, and a control system. The photovoltaic module includes a first glass, a second glass, and a photovoltaic panel. The phase change module includes paraffin, a glass cavity, and a window frame. The ventilation system includes a two-way fan, a first ventilation louver, a second ventilation louver, a first ventilation duct, a second ventilation duct, a third glass, and a fourth glass. The control system includes a slideway, an electric pulley, an electric bracket, a phase change control module, a first temperature sensor, and a second temperature sensor. In the photovoltaic module described above, both the first glass and the second glass are 4-mm-thick ultra-white glass, and the photovoltaic panel is fixed in the interlayer of these two glasses. An electric pulley is installed at the lower side of the whole module and on the slideway below. In the phase change module, paraffin is filled in a 15-mm-thick glass cavity and fixed on a window frame made of high-temperature-resistant transparent PVE material through an electric bracket.

[0035] Adjacent two groups of phase change modules are installed staggeredly up and down to increase the heat exchange area with the air flow. The irregular path during expansion makes the air flow quickly enter the turbulent state, effectively increasing the surface heat transfer coefficient and thus significantly improving the heat exchange efficiency. In the ventilation system described above, the third glass is 5-mm-thick ultra-white glass, and the fourth glass is 5-mm-thick heat-reflective glass with the function of reflecting solar radiation. The two are respectively fixed on the front and back sides of the photovoltaic module and the phase change module, and are connected to the first ventilation duct and the second ventilation duct to form a closed ventilation space. The first ventilation louver is installed at the outlet of the first ventilation duct on the lower side of the window, which has the functions of dust prevention and preventing mosquitoes from entering. The built-in two-way fan can realize the functions of air supply and exhaust under different working conditions. The second ventilation louver is installed at the outlet of the second ventilation duct on the upper side of the window. In the control system described above, the first temperature sensor is located on the first glass and the second glass in the photovoltaic module, monitors the temperatures on both sides of the photovoltaic panel respectively, and converts the resistance change signal of the thermistor into an electric signal (4 - 21 mA) proportional to the temperature change through a transmitter, and inputs the temperature value into the PLC controller. The PLC controller judges whether the electric pulley slides on the slideway and the sliding direction.

[0036] The phase change control module is installed on the window frame on the side of the paraffin cavity. When the phase state of the paraffin changes, the semiconductor unit in the phase change control module detects the pressure change, the diffusion resistors in the four-arm Wheatstone bridge change, and the pressure signal is converted into an electrical signal and input into the brushless motor. The brushless motor with an encoder disc obtains the level to control the opening and closing of the cavity. The rotation angle is calculated according to the position of the electric pulley. The encoder inputs the given position value, senses the current position of the phase change glass cavity through the angle, obtains the difference between the target value and the feedback value, and then outputs the angle loop signal to the speed loop through the PID controller, causing the brushless motor to rotate. When the cavity is about to rotate to the set position, the output of the angle loop reaches a minimum value, so that the output of the speed loop becomes smaller. After a slight oscillation (it will reverse if it exceeds the position), finally the brushless motor controls the cavity to stop stably at the set position. The second temperature sensor is installed on the outer walls of the first ventilation duct and the second ventilation duct, monitors the indoor and outdoor temperatures respectively, and converts the resistance change signal of the thermistor into an electrical signal proportional to the temperature change (4 - 21 mA) through the transmitter, and controls the air supply direction of the two-way fan by comparing the indoor and outdoor temperatures through the PLC controller.

[0037] The core of this device is to integrate the photovoltaic module, the phase change module and the ventilation module into the glass enclosure structure. The phase change material is used as the energy storage and temperature maintenance device, which not only increases the thermal inertia of the enclosure structure, but also maintains the temperature of the inner surface of the photovoltaic module. Among them, the melting temperature of the paraffin can be adjusted according to the climate conditions of the application area. When the paraffin is in a solid state, the phase change module is close to the photovoltaic panel, uses the latent heat of the phase change material to absorb the heat in the photovoltaic panel, and maintains the temperature of the photovoltaic panel within the optimal power generation working condition range. When the paraffin is completely melted by heat, due to its volume reduction, the phase change control module monitors the decrease of the liquid level in the cavity of the phase change module, transmits the weak electrical signal to the controller, and the controller controls the electric bracket to open, separating the phase change module from the photovoltaic module to prevent overheating, and cools the photovoltaic module and the paraffin through the air flow generated by the fan. The bottom of the photovoltaic module is equipped with an electric pulley, and the width of the channels on both sides is changed by adjusting the position of the photovoltaic module, thereby realizing the adjustment of the air flow rate and the heat exchange amount on both sides of the photovoltaic panel. The electric pulley moves once every half hour, and the direction is determined according to the temperature difference in front of and behind the photovoltaic module. For every 1°C difference in temperature on both sides, it moves 5 mm towards the low-temperature side. The two-way fan in the ventilation module controls the air supply direction according to the indoor and outdoor temperatures. When the outdoor temperature is lower than the indoor temperature, the two-way fan supplies air to the indoor, and the outdoor cold air cools the photovoltaic panel through convective heat transfer, and at the same time recovers the heat in the photovoltaic panel and the paraffin. When the outdoor temperature is higher than the indoor temperature, the two-way fan exhausts air to the outdoor, and uses the remaining cold in the indoor air to cool the photovoltaic module and the paraffin.

[0038] The applicable scope of this device is extensive and can be widely promoted and popularized in non-extreme climate regions. On the basis of meeting the power generation requirements of traditional photovoltaic windows, it improves the stability of photovoltaic power generation efficiency, increases the thermal inertia and heat recovery ability of the windows, makes up for the deficiencies of traditional photovoltaic windows, and has great future development prospects.

[0039] A detailed description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings. As Figures 1-5 shown, the photovoltaic module includes a first glass 1, a second glass 2, and a photovoltaic panel 3. The phase change module includes paraffin 6, a glass cavity 7, and a window frame 8. The ventilation system includes a two-way fan 14, a first ventilation louver 15, a second ventilation louver 16, a first ventilation duct 17, a second ventilation duct 18, a third glass 12, and a fourth glass 13. The control system includes a slideway 4, an electric pulley 5, an electric bracket 9, a phase change control module 10, a first temperature sensor 11, and a second temperature sensor 19. The phase change control module includes a semiconductor unit 10-1, a four-arm Wheatstone bridge 10-2, a brushless motor 10-3, an encoding disk 10-4, an angle sensor 10-5, and a PID controller 10-6. The first temperature sensing unit includes a first transmitter 11-1, a first thermistor 11-2, and a first PLC controller 11-3. The second temperature sensing unit includes a second transmitter 19-1, a second thermistor 19-2, and a second PLC controller 19-3.

[0040] In the described photovoltaic module, both the first glass and the second glass are ultra-clear glass with a thickness of 4 mm. The photovoltaic panel is fixed in the interlayer of the two glasses. An electric pulley is installed on the lower side of the entire module and on the slideway below. In the described phase change module, paraffin is filled in a glass cavity with a thickness of 15 mm and is fixed on a window frame made of high-temperature resistant transparent PVE material through an electric bracket. Two adjacent groups of phase change modules are installed vertically staggered to increase the heat exchange area with the air flow. When unfolded, the staggered path makes the air flow quickly enter the turbulent state, effectively increasing the surface heat transfer coefficient and thus significantly improving the heat exchange efficiency. In the described ventilation system, the third glass is ultra-clear glass with a thickness of 5 mm, and the fourth glass is heat-reflective glass with a thickness of 5 mm that has the effect of reflecting solar radiation. The two are respectively fixed on the front and back sides of the photovoltaic module and the phase change module, and are connected to the first ventilation duct and the second ventilation duct to form a closed ventilation space. The first ventilation louver is installed at the outlet of the first ventilation duct on the lower side of the window and has the function of preventing dust and mosquitoes from entering. The built-in two-way fan can realize the functions of air supply and exhaust under different working conditions. The second ventilation louver is installed at the outlet of the second ventilation duct on the upper side of the window. In the described control system, the first temperature sensors are located on the first glass and the second glass in the photovoltaic module, and respectively monitor the temperatures on both sides of the photovoltaic panel. The resistance change signal of the thermistor is converted into an electric signal (4 - 21 mA) proportional to the temperature change through a transmitter, and the temperature value is input into the PLC controller. The PLC controller judges whether the electric pulley is sliding on the slideway and the sliding direction. The phase change control module is installed on the window frame on the side of the paraffin cavity. When the phase state of the paraffin changes, the semiconductor unit in the phase change control module detects the pressure change, the diffusion resistance in the four-arm Wheatstone bridge changes, and the pressure signal is converted into an electric signal and input into the brushless motor. The brushless motor with an encoder disk obtains a level to control the opening and closing of the cavity, and the rotation angle is calculated according to the position of the electric pulley. The encoder inputs a given position value, and the current position of the phase change glass cavity is fed back through the angle sensor to obtain the difference between the target value and the feedback value. Then, the angle loop signal is output to the speed loop through the PID controller, causing the brushless motor to rotate. When the cavity is about to rotate to the set position, the output of the angle loop reaches a minimum value, so that the output of the speed loop becomes smaller. After a small oscillation (it will reverse if it exceeds the position), finally, the brushless motor controls the cavity to stop stably at the set position. The second temperature sensors are installed on the outer walls of the first ventilation duct and the second ventilation duct, and respectively monitor the indoor and outdoor temperatures. The resistance change signal of the thermistor is converted into an electric signal (4 - 21 mA) proportional to the temperature change through a transmitter, and the indoor and outdoor temperatures are compared through the PLC controller to control the air supply direction of the two-way fan.

[0041] This device has different working modes according to different indoor and outdoor temperatures, different paraffin phase states, and different inner and outer surface temperatures of the photovoltaic panel.

[0042] For operating condition 1, when the indoor temperature is higher than the outdoor temperature, i.e., T in >T out , when the temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the photovoltaic panel is less than 1°C, i.e., |T1 - T2| < 1°C, and the paraffin in all 12 phase change modules is completely melted, the working mode of the integrated phase change ventilation and power generation module is as Figure 3 shown. At this time, the pressure P at the probe of the phase change control module is P > P1, and the weak current signal controls the electric bracket to open. The phase change module is separated from the photovoltaic panel, and the photovoltaic module moves to the middle position of the ventilation duct. The two-way fan supplies fresh air to the indoor. The air flows through the outside and inside of the photovoltaic panel respectively to cool the photovoltaic panel and the phase change module. The preheated fresh air enters the indoor through the ventilation louvers. In this working mode, the phase change module loses the function of maintaining temperature, and the photovoltaic panel is mainly cooled by the air flow. At the same time, the heat exchange area between the phase change module and the air increases, the fresh air is fully heated, and the window has a high heat recovery efficiency.

[0043] For operating condition 2, when the indoor temperature is higher than the outdoor temperature, i.e., T in >T out , when the outer surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel is higher than the inner surface for a long time by more than 1°C, i.e., |T1 - T2| > 1°C, and the paraffin in all 12 phase change modules is not completely melted, the working mode of the integrated phase change ventilation and power generation module is as Figure 4 shown. At this time, the pressure P at the probe of the phase change control module is P < P2, and the weak current signal controls the electric bracket to close. The phase change module is attached to the photovoltaic panel, and the photovoltaic module moves to the innermost side of the ventilation duct. The two-way fan supplies fresh air to the indoor. The outside of the photovoltaic panel is cooled by the heat exchange effect of the air flow, and the inside is maintained at a stable temperature by the phase change heat absorption of the phase change module. In this working mode, the phase change module and the ventilation system simultaneously provide the functions of cooling and maintaining temperature for the photovoltaic, the photovoltaic power generation efficiency is stable, the window has high thermal inertia, and has a certain ventilation heat recovery efficiency.

[0044] For operating condition 3, when the indoor temperature is lower than the outdoor temperature, i.e., T in <T out , when the temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the photovoltaic panel is less than 1°C, i.e., |T1 - T2| < 1°C, and the paraffin in the upper 4 groups of the 12 phase change modules is not completely melted, the working mode of the integrated phase change ventilation and power generation module is as Figure 5 shown. At this time, the pressure P at the probe of the phase change control module of the upper 4 groups of phase change modules is P < P2, and the weak current signal controls the electric bracket to close. The phase change module is attached to the photovoltaic panel. The pressure P at the probe of the phase change control module of the lower 8 groups of phase change modules is P > P1, and the electric bracket opens. The phase change module is separated from the photovoltaic panel. The photovoltaic module moves to the middle of the ventilation duct. The two-way fan exhausts air to the outside. The outside of the photovoltaic panel is cooled by the influence of the residual cold of the indoor air. The upper part of the inside is maintained at a stable temperature by the phase change heat absorption of the phase change module, and the lower part is cooled by the heat exchange effect of the air flow convection. In this working mode, the photovoltaic power generation efficiency is relatively stable, and the residual cold of the indoor exhaust air is fully utilized.

[0045] Obviously, the embodiments described above are only partial embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. The closing of the phase change module is controlled by the phase state of paraffin wax, the position of the photovoltaic module is determined according to the temperatures of the inner and outer surfaces of the photovoltaic panel, and the air supply direction of the two-way fan is controlled by the indoor and outdoor temperatures.

[0046] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description and claims of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily need to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application described here can be implemented in an order other than that shown and described.

[0047] The embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above. They are exemplary and not exhaustive, and are not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art in the technical field without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The choice of terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical applications, or improvements to the technologies in the market, or to enable other ordinary skill in the art in the technical field to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An integrated phase change ventilation power generation module device for a glass enclosure structure, comprising a photovoltaic module, a phase change module, a ventilation system and a control system; characterized in that: The photovoltaic module includes a first glass, a second glass, and a photovoltaic panel; the phase change module includes paraffin, a glass cavity, and a window frame; the ventilation system includes a two-way fan, a first ventilation louver, a second ventilation louver, a first ventilation duct, a second ventilation duct, a third glass, and a fourth glass; the control system includes a slideway, an electric pulley, an electric bracket, a phase change control module, a first temperature sensing unit, and a second temperature sensing unit; wherein, the phase change control module includes a semiconductor unit, a four-arm Wheatstone bridge, a brushless motor, a coding disk, an angle sensor, and a PID controller; the first temperature sensing unit includes a first transmitter, a first thermistor, and a first PLC controller, and the second temperature sensing unit includes a second transmitter, a second thermistor, and a second PLC controller; In the photovoltaic module, both the first glass and the second glass are ultra-white glass, and the photovoltaic panel is fixed in the interlayer of the above-mentioned first glass and second glass; the electric pulley is installed on the lower side of the photovoltaic module, and the electric pulley is fitted and installed on the slideway; In the phase change module, paraffin is filled in the glass cavity and fixed on the window frame made of high-temperature-resistant transparent PVE material through an electric bracket; two adjacent groups of phase change modules are installed vertically staggered to increase the heat exchange area with the air flow. When unfolded, the staggered path makes the air flow quickly enter the turbulent state, which can improve the surface heat transfer coefficient and enhance the heat exchange efficiency; In the ventilation system, the third glass and the fourth glass are respectively fixed on the front and rear sides of the photovoltaic module and the phase change module, and are connected to the first ventilation duct and the second ventilation duct to form a closed ventilation space; the first ventilation louver is installed at the outlet of the first ventilation duct on the lower side of the window for dust prevention and preventing mosquitoes from entering, and a two-way fan is built in to realize air supply and exhaust under different working conditions; the second ventilation louver is installed at the outlet of the second ventilation duct on the upper side of the window; In the control system, the first temperature sensing unit is arranged on the first glass and the second glass in the photovoltaic module to respectively monitor the temperatures on both sides of the photovoltaic panel, and converts the resistance change signal of the thermistor into a current signal proportional to the temperature change through a transmitter, and inputs the temperature value into the PLC controller. The PLC controller can judge whether the electric pulley slides on the slideway and the sliding direction; The phase change control module is installed on the window frame on the side of the paraffin cavity. When the phase state of paraffin changes, the semiconductor unit in the phase change control module detects the pressure change, and the diffusion resistance in the four-arm Wheatstone bridge changes, converting the pressure signal into an electrical signal and inputting it into the brushless motor. The brushless motor with a coding disk rotates to control the opening and closing of the cavity after receiving the signal, and the rotation angle is calculated according to the position of the electric pulley; the encoder inputs the given position value, and feeds back the current position of the phase change glass cavity through the angle sensor to obtain the difference between the target value and the feedback value, and then outputs the angle loop signal to the speed loop through the PID controller to make the brushless motor rotate. When the cavity is about to rotate to the set position, the output of the angle loop reaches the minimum value, so that the output of the speed loop becomes smaller, and the brushless motor controls the cavity to stop stably at the set position; The second temperature sensing unit is installed on the wall outside the first ventilation duct and the second ventilation duct, and is used to monitor the indoor and outdoor temperatures. The resistance change signal of the thermistor is converted into a current signal proportional to the temperature change through a transmitter, and the PLC controller compares the indoor and outdoor temperatures to control the air supply direction of the two-way fan; the opening angle of the electric bracket is determined according to the position of the electric pulley, and can be opened to the maximum angle close to the fourth glass, and can be controlled to open and close according to the phase state of the paraffin wax. The phase change control module detects the phase state of the paraffin wax and judges the phase state through the density difference between the two phase states of the paraffin wax. The phase change control module presets a pressure upper limit P1 and a pressure lower limit P2. When the paraffin wax is in a liquid state, the paraffin wax expands to fill the cavity, and the pressure P at the probe of the phase change control module is greater than P1. The semiconductor unit detects the pressure change, the balance of the four-arm Wheatstone bridge is destroyed, and the output voltage changes. The pressure signal is converted into a weak electrical signal. The brushless motor with a code disk receives a low level lower than 0.6V and rotates forward to expand the cavity. The forward rotation angle is calculated according to the position of the electric pulley to obtain the maximum opening angle and input it into the encoder. The encoder inputs the given position value, and the current angle of the phase change glass cavity is fed back through the angle sensor. The difference between the target value and the feedback value is obtained, and then the angle loop signal is output to the speed loop through the PID controller to make the brushless motor rotate. When the brushless motor is about to rotate to the set cavity expansion position, the output of the angle loop reaches a minimum value, so that the output of the speed loop becomes smaller, and the brushless motor controls the cavity to be stable at the set expansion position; after the paraffin wax solidifies, the volume of the paraffin wax becomes smaller, and the pressure P at the probe of the phase change control module is less than P2. The semiconductor unit detects the pressure change, the balance of the four-arm Wheatstone bridge is destroyed, and the output voltage changes. The pressure signal is converted into a weak electrical signal. The brushless motor with a code disk receives a high level higher than 1.5V and rotates in reverse to close the cavity. The angle value required for reverse rotation to close the cavity is input into the encoder through the angle sensor fixed at the cavity rotating shaft. The encoder inputs the angle value of the closing position, and the current angle of the phase change glass cavity is fed back through the angle sensor. The difference between the target value and the feedback value is obtained, and then the angle loop signal is output to the speed loop through the PID controller to make the brushless motor rotate. When the brushless motor is about to rotate to the cavity closing position, the output of the angle loop reaches a minimum value, so that the output of the speed loop becomes smaller. After a slight oscillation, the brushless motor controls the cavity to be stable at the cavity closing position.

2. The integrated phase change ventilation power generation module device for a glass enclosure structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The position of the electric pulley is determined by the outside temperature T1 and the inside temperature T2 of the photovoltaic panel measured by the first temperature sensing unit; the temperature signal of the first temperature sensing unit is transmitted once every half hour, and the resistance change signal of the thermistor is converted into a current signal proportional to the temperature change through a transmitter and input into the PLC controller. The PLC controller judges whether the electric pulley slides and the sliding direction according to the following mode. When |T1 - T2| < 1°C, the electric pulley is stationary. When |T1 - T2| > 1°C and T1 < T2, it moves in the outer direction of the photovoltaic panel. When |T1 - T2| > 1°C and T1 > T2, it moves in the inner direction of the photovoltaic panel; the rotation of the electric pulley is controlled by the brushless motor until the photovoltaic panel is pressed against one side of the glass.

3. The integrated phase change ventilation power generation module device for a glass enclosure structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air supply direction of the two-way fan is determined according to the outdoor temperature T measured by the second temperature sensing unit out and the indoor air temperature T in ; the second temperature sensor converts the resistance change signal of the thermistor into a current signal proportional to the temperature change through a transmitter and inputs it into the PLC controller; the PLC controller controls the air supply direction of the two-way fan by comparing the indoor and outdoor temperatures. When T out < T in , the two-way fan supplies air to the indoor, and the outdoor air provides cold energy and recovers the waste heat in the photovoltaic panel and paraffin. When T out > T in , the two-way fan exhausts air to the outdoor, and the indoor air provides cold energy for the photovoltaic panel and paraffin.

4. The integrated phase change ventilation power generation module device for a glass enclosure structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the photovoltaic module, both the first glass and the second glass are ultra-white glass with a thickness of 4 mm; in the ventilation system, the third glass is ultra-white glass with a thickness of 5 mm, and the fourth glass is heat-reflective glass with a thickness of 5 mm that has the function of reflecting solar radiation; in the phase change module, paraffin is filled in a glass cavity with a thickness of 15 mm.

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