A segmented biomass pyrolysis device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a segmented biomass pyrolysis device, comprising a pyrolysis chamber, wherein a feed port is provided on one side of the pyrolysis chamber, and a discharge port is provided on the other side; and a heat storage chamber, wherein the heat storage chamber comprises a plurality of heat storage units, which are sequentially arranged in parallel along the outer side of the pyrolysis chamber and isolated from each other, and each heat storage unit is provided with a heat storage filler, and the heat storage temperature in the heat storage unit on the discharge port side is successively higher than the heat storage temperature in the heat storage unit on the feed port side. Thus, by forming a plurality of temperature gradient zones on the pyrolysis furnace, the biomass raw material can seek a balance in the charcoal yield and charcoal yield rate during pyrolysis and carbonization. On the one hand, the gradually increased pyrolysis temperature of the heat storage chamber can greatly increase the overall biochar output. On the other hand, after the biochar continuously enters the pyrolysis chamber, pyrolysis and carbonization reactions of different pyrolysis zones can be carried out simultaneously in the entire pyrolysis chamber, thereby greatly increasing the charcoal yield rate per unit time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of biomass pyrolysis production, in particular to a segmented biomass pyrolysis device. Background Art

[0002] Biomass pyrolysis, as a biomass pretreatment and fuel upgrading technology, not only improves the properties of the feedstock itself but also produces energy and chemical products. Pyrolysis typically converts biomass into three-phase products: gas, liquid, and solid. The yields of these three-phase products are often controlled by varying pyrolysis process parameters, such as pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, and carrier gas flow rate. Of these three-phase products, biochar has the greatest potential as a coal substitute due to its favorable fuel properties (e.g., high energy density, high calorific value, high carbon content, and low oxygen content). Pyrolysis temperature is the most important factor affecting biochar yield. Conventional pyrolysis is performed at a fixed temperature and heating rate. High heating rates, resulting in rapid pyrolysis, produce more bio-oil and gas, but very low char yields. Low heating rates improve carbon yields, but the prolonged heating time leads to high energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes a segmented biomass pyrolysis device.

[0004] A segmented biomass pyrolysis device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0005] A pyrolysis chamber, wherein one side of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a feed inlet and the other side is provided with a discharge outlet;

[0006] A heat storage chamber, wherein the heat storage chamber includes a plurality of heat storage units, the heat storage units are sequentially arranged in parallel along the outer side of the pyrolysis chamber and isolated from each other, the heat storage units are each provided with a heat storage filler, and the heat storage temperature in the heat storage units on the discharge side is successively higher than the heat storage temperature in the heat storage units on the feed inlet side;

[0007] After the biomass raw materials enter the pyrolysis chamber from the feed port, they are pyrolyzed and carbonized at different heat storage temperatures in sequence.

[0008] Therefore, by forming multiple temperature gradient intervals on the pyrolysis furnace, the biomass raw materials can seek a balance in the charcoal yield and charcoal yield rate during pyrolysis and carbonization. On the one hand, the gradually increased pyrolysis temperature of the heat storage chamber can greatly increase the overall biomass charcoal output. On the other hand, after the biomass charcoal continuously enters the pyrolysis chamber, pyrolysis and carbonization reactions in different pyrolysis areas can be carried out simultaneously in the entire pyrolysis chamber, thereby greatly improving the charcoal yield rate per unit time. In addition, since the time problem caused by slow heating each time is avoided, the energy consumption of producing unit biomass charcoal is indirectly reduced.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the thermal storage filler is a molten salt filler.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the molten salt filler is a eutectic mixed molten salt filler.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the space of the pyrolysis unit on the feed inlet side is successively larger than the space of the pyrolysis unit on the discharge outlet side. When the temperature of the thermal storage unit on the discharge outlet side reaches the target temperature, the thermal storage filler in the thermal storage unit on the feed inlet side is in a solid-liquid two-phase state.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the segmented biomass pyrolysis device further includes: a feeding device, which extends from the feed port into the pyrolysis chamber and to the discharge port.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the feeding device is a screw feeder.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of partitions are provided in the pyrolysis chamber, the periphery of the partitions is connected to the boundary of the adjacent heat storage units, a first notch is provided on the partition, a plurality of baffles are fixedly provided on the screw feeder, a second notch is provided on the baffle, the baffle is adjacently arranged on one side of the partition, and the baffle rotates with the screw feeder to achieve communication and closure between the first notch and the second notch.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the segmented biomass pyrolysis device further includes: a pyrolysis gas recovery device and a pyrolysis oil collection device, and both the pyrolysis gas recovery device and the pyrolysis oil collection device are connected to the pyrolysis chamber.

[0016] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0018] Figure 1 2. It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a segmented biomass pyrolysis device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the partition and the baffle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Reference numerals:

[0021] 100. A segmented biomass pyrolysis device;

[0022] 1. Pyrolysis furnace; 11. Pyrolysis chamber; 111. Feed port; 112. Discharge port; 113. Partition; 1131. First notch; 12. Heat storage chamber; 2. Heat storage unit; 3. Feeding device; 4. Baffle; 41. Second notch; 5. Pyrolysis gas recovery device; 6. Pyrolysis oil collection device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. The embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary. The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0024] Reference below Figure 1 、 Figure 2 A segmented biomass pyrolysis device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0025] Combine Figure 1 As shown, a segmented biomass pyrolysis device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention generally comprises: a pyrolysis furnace 1, which includes a pyrolysis chamber 11 and a heat storage chamber 12, wherein the pyrolysis chamber 11 is cylindrical in shape as a whole, and the heat storage chamber 12 is arranged around the outer layer of the pyrolysis chamber 11, and the axis of the heat storage chamber 12 is coaxially arranged with the axis of the pyrolysis chamber 11; specifically, a feed port 111 is provided on one side of the pyrolysis chamber 11, and a discharge port 112 is provided on the other side, so that the biomass raw material can enter from the feed port 111 and be discharged from the discharge port 112 after pyrolysis and carbonization;

[0026] In order to facilitate temperature zoning, the heat storage chamber 12 includes a plurality of heat storage units 2. The following is a detailed description taking three heat storage units 2 as an example. The three heat storage units 2 are arranged in parallel along the outer side of the pyrolysis chamber 11 and isolated from each other. Each heat storage unit 2 is provided with a heat storage filler; for better description, the heat storage unit 2 from the side close to the feed port 111 to the side close to the discharge port 112 are sequentially set as the first heat storage unit 2, the second heat storage unit 2 and the third heat storage unit 2, wherein the heat storage temperature in the heat storage unit 2 on the side of the discharge port 112 is successively higher than the heat storage temperature in the heat storage unit 2 on the side of the feed port 111, that is, the heat storage temperature of the first heat storage unit 2 is greater than the heat storage temperature of the second heat storage unit 2, and the heat storage temperature of the second heat storage unit 2 is greater than the heat storage temperature of the third heat storage unit 2;

[0027] During use, the biomass raw material enters the pyrolysis chamber 11 from the feed port 111 and is pyrolyzed and carbonized in turn at the heat storage temperatures of three different heat storage units 2 to eventually form biomass charcoal; more specifically, the interval corresponding to the first heat storage unit 2 in the pyrolysis chamber 11 is the pre-carbonization stage, and the overall temperature of this stage is in the range of 150 to 250 degrees. At this time, unstable components such as hemicellulose in the biomass raw material begin to decompose, and carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and a small amount of acetic acid are produced; the interval corresponding to the second heat storage unit 2 in the pyrolysis chamber 11 is the pyrolysis and carbonization stage, and the overall temperature of this stage is in the range of 400 to 450 degrees. The main products of the dry distillation and pyrolysis of biomass are formed in this stage. The products that can be obtained include but are not limited to charcoal, pyrolysis gas, and tar. At this time, the calorific value of the pyrolysis gas is not very high, usually around 3000 calories / cubic; the interval corresponding to the third heat storage unit 2 in the pyrolysis chamber 11 is the calcination stage. The overall temperature of this stage is around 600 degrees. At this stage, the volatile matter in the biomass charcoal can be fully decomposed, thereby increasing the amount of pyrolysis gas. The pyrolysis gas generated at this time is mainly methane and hydrogen, which greatly increases the calorific value of the pyrolysis gas. The collected pyrolysis gas can then be burned, and the released heat can be recovered to heat the heat storage filler in the heat storage unit 2, reducing the consumption of additional energy and reducing the high energy consumption during biomass pyrolysis carbonization.

[0028] It should be noted that the above is a division and description based on a three-stage temperature gradient. In specific implementation, a more detailed temperature gradient can be divided as needed to meet more precise pyrolysis control.

[0029] Therefore, by forming multiple temperature gradient intervals on the pyrolysis furnace 1, the biomass raw materials can seek a balance in the charcoal yield and charcoal yield rate during pyrolysis and carbonization. On the one hand, the gradually increased pyrolysis temperature of the heat storage chamber 12 can greatly increase the overall biomass charcoal output. On the other hand, after the biomass charcoal continuously enters the pyrolysis chamber 11, pyrolysis and carbonization reactions in different pyrolysis areas can be carried out simultaneously in the entire pyrolysis chamber 11, thereby greatly improving the charcoal yield rate per unit time. In addition, since the time problem caused by slow heating each time is avoided, the energy consumption of producing unit biomass charcoal is indirectly reduced.

[0030] Furthermore, based on the above embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the heat storage filler is a molten salt filler. Specifically, molten salt has been widely used as a heat transfer and heat storage material in energy, power, petrochemical, metallurgy, materials and other industries. The technology is mature and the cost is low. Therefore, using molten salt as a filler can greatly reduce the cost of use and reduce the heat storage cost.

[0031] Furthermore, based on the above embodiment, Figure 1As shown, the molten salt filler is a eutectic mixed molten salt filler. Specifically, since the melting point of the molten salt of a single component is too high, it cannot meet the heat transfer working fluid's requirement for a low melting point. Therefore, a eutectic mixed molten salt can be formed by scientifically mixing various components, thereby being able to maintain component stability, uniform thermal properties, good thermal conductivity, and low corrosiveness within a wider operating temperature range, thereby helping to meet the requirements of more temperature ranges.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the space of the heat storage unit 2 on the side of the feed port 111 is successively larger than the space of the heat storage unit 2 on the side of the discharge port 112, that is, the outer shell of the entire heat storage chamber 12 can be trapezoidal, and the height close to the feed port 111 is greater than the height close to the side of the discharge port 112; when in use, it can be ensured that when the temperature of the third heat storage unit 2 reaches the target temperature of 600 degrees, the heat storage fillers in the first heat storage unit 2 and the second heat storage unit 2 are in solid-liquid two-phase, and then after the heating stops, the molten salt energy storage and heat storage technology can play a role, and the biomass can continue to carbonize under the action of the molten salt heat storage, which is beneficial to the temperature control of pyrolysis.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the segmented biomass pyrolysis device 100 also includes: a feeding device 3, which extends from the feed port 111 into the pyrolysis chamber 11 and extends to the discharge port 112. By setting the feeding device 3, the feeding process can be controlled, which is beneficial to controlling the pyrolysis time of the biomass raw materials at various pyrolysis temperatures.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the feeding device 3 adopts a screw feeder. Specifically, the screw feeder has good sealing performance and can meet the sealing requirements to a certain extent while achieving stable feeding.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 2As shown, two partitions 113 are provided in the pyrolysis chamber 11, and the periphery of the partition 113 is connected to the boundary of the adjacent heat storage unit 2. The pyrolysis chamber 11 can be divided into a first pyrolysis chamber 11, a second pyrolysis chamber 11 and a third pyrolysis chamber 11 by the partition 113, and a first notch 1131 is provided on the partition 113. Two baffles 4 are fixed on the screw feeder, and the baffle 4 is adjacent to one side of the partition 113. The baffle 4 is provided with a second notch 41. When in use, the baffle 4 is provided between the first pyrolysis chamber 11 and the second pyrolysis chamber 11. The baffle 4 will rotate with the screw feeder. When the first notch 1131 and the second notch 41 are in a misaligned state, the first pyrolysis chamber 11 and the second pyrolysis chamber 11 can be isolated from each other. When the first notch 1131 and the second notch 41 are in a connected state, the first pyrolysis chamber 11 and the second pyrolysis chamber 11 can be in a connected state. At this time, the biomass in the first pyrolysis chamber 11 can enter the second pyrolysis chamber 11 through the connected first notch 1131 and the second notch 41.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the segmented biomass pyrolysis device 100 also includes: a pyrolysis gas recovery device 5 and a pyrolysis oil collection device 6. The pyrolysis gas recovery device 5 and the pyrolysis oil collection device 6 are both connected to the pyrolysis chamber 11. When in use, the pyrolysis gas generated by biomass pyrolysis is continuously collected into the pyrolysis gas recovery device 5 for combustion to generate heat for supply to the pyrolysis furnace 1, and the generated biomass pyrolysis oil is continuously collected into the pyrolysis oil collection device 6 for subsequent processing.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0038] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples" means that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0039] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A segmented biomass pyrolysis device, characterized in that: include: A pyrolysis furnace, comprising: A pyrolysis chamber, wherein one side of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a feed port and the other side is provided with a discharge port. A plurality of partitions are provided in the pyrolysis chamber, the periphery of the partitions is connected to the boundary between adjacent heat storage units, and the partitions are provided with first notches; A heat storage chamber, wherein the heat storage chamber includes a plurality of heat storage units, the heat storage units are sequentially arranged in parallel along the outer side of the pyrolysis chamber and isolated from each other, the heat storage units are each provided with a heat storage filler, and the heat storage temperature in the heat storage units on the discharge side is successively higher than the heat storage temperature in the heat storage units on the feed inlet side; A feeding device, the feeding device extends from the feed port into the pyrolysis chamber and extends to the discharge port, the feeding device adopts a screw feeder, a plurality of baffles are fixedly provided on the screw feeder, a second notch is provided on the baffle, the baffle is adjacently arranged on one side of the partition, and the baffle rotates with the rotating shaft of the screw feeder to achieve communication and sealing between the first notch and the second notch; The biomass raw materials continuously enter the pyrolysis chamber from the feed port and are pyrolyzed and carbonized at different heat storage temperatures in sequence.

2. A segmented biomass pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat storage filler is a molten salt filler.

3. A segmented biomass pyrolysis device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The molten salt filler is a eutectic mixed molten salt filler.

4. A segmented biomass pyrolysis device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The space of the heat storage unit on the side of the feed port is larger than the space of the heat storage unit on the side of the discharge port; when the temperature of the heat storage unit on the side of the discharge port reaches the target temperature, the heat storage filler in the heat storage unit on the side of the feed port is in solid-liquid two-phase.

5. The segmented biomass pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A pyrolysis gas recovery device and a pyrolysis oil collection device, both of which are communicated with the pyrolysis chamber.

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