Separation process and production line of plastic and glass composite material

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of separation process and production line of plastic and glass composite material, the process steps of the process include shredding, dry screening, crushing, grinding wash cage rubbing processing, flotation equipment flotation and dewatering machine dehydration, the production line includes the shredder, dry screening equipment, crusher, grinding wash cage, flotation equipment and dewatering machine sequentially arranged.The application provides a set of plastic and glass composite material from big to fine multistage separation process, effectively solve the adaptation of glass and plastic composite board of various sizes, shapes, the durability of multistage crushing equipment, as far as possible the complete separation of glass and plastic, the whole process equipment is coherent and smooth, reduces the complex automatic control system of personnel.The process of the application can realize the relatively complete separation of glass and plastic of composite material, collection;For photovoltaic panel, laminated glass and other various forms of glass and plastic composite material provides a high-efficiency energy-saving low-cost separation, recycling, regeneration means.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of resource recycling and environmental protection, specifically to a separation process and production line for plastics and glass, and more specifically, a separation process and production line for glass and plastic composite materials. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, plastic-glass composite materials are widely used in various fields such as photovoltaic panels, automotive windshields, and laminated glass for buildings. Recycling and reusing defective products from the manufacturing process, damaged products during use, and plastic-glass composite materials that have lost their normal function after use is essential. The recycling process first requires separating the glass and plastic. The separated plastic and glass are then further processed according to the needs of the next application, such as further modification of the plastic, color separation and remelting of the glass, or use as glass powder or beads for reflective coatings. Because glass-plastic composite products require a strong and tight bond between the glass and plastic, separation is difficult. Existing separation methods involve first crushing the composite material with machinery to break the glass and separate the broken glass particles from the plastic sheet, obtaining a single piece of plastic sheet. At this point, many fine glass particles still adhere to the surface of the plastic sheet. Then, a high-pressure water jet is used manually to wash the plastic sheet, separating the difficult-to-separate fine glass particles, resulting in a recyclable plastic sheet. Using high-pressure water guns to separate fine glass particles has the following problems: 1. Low efficiency, high water consumption, and high cost: Manually holding a high-pressure water gun to thoroughly rinse both sides of the plastic sheet is very inefficient, requires a large amount of water, and results in high overall costs; 2. Small plastic sheets cannot be recycled and must be discarded: During the compaction process of composite materials, some plastic sheets are torn into small pieces. These small pieces tend to curl up and are difficult to rinse with a high-pressure water gun. In existing technologies, they are directly discarded as waste, resulting in waste. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a separation process for plastic and glass composite materials. This process can separate and collect the glass and plastic in the plastic and glass composite materials, so that the collected plastic and glass can be recycled and reused separately. It has high production efficiency, low cost, and can recycle plastic sheets of different sizes.

[0004] Another object of the present invention is to provide a production line for separating plastic and glass composite materials.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is:

[0006] A process for separating plastic and glass composite materials, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Put the plastic sheet with the glass attached into the shredder for shredding to achieve coarse crushing;

[0008] (2) Put the shredded plastic fragments into a dry screening device for dry screening to remove the detached glass fragments;

[0009] (3) The plastic fragments that have passed through the dry screen are conveyed to the crusher for further crushing;

[0010] (4) The plastic fragments after further crushing are sent to the grinding and washing cage for grinding, the glass remaining on the plastic fragments is ground into a smaller volume, and the water flow is used to separate the detached glass fragments from the plastic fragments and discharge them from the holes in the bottom wall of the grinding and washing cage.

[0011] (5) Next, the plastic fragments are transported to the flotation equipment for flotation separation. Among them, glass fragments and a small amount of plastic fragments with glass fragments adhering to them settle to the bottom or are suspended in the middle of the flotation liquid, while pure plastic fragments float on the surface of the flotation liquid. The pure plastic fragments on the surface of the flotation liquid are collected.

[0012] (6) Dehydrate the pure plastic fragments to obtain recyclable pure plastic fragments.

[0013] Preferably, in step (1), after shredding, the plastic fragments are shredded into strips with a width of 5-10cm and a length of 10-50cm. By optimizing the design of the shredder's blade diameter, blade length, and thickness, it is suitable for coarsely crushing glass and plastic composite sheets of different shapes and sizes, shredding the plastic fragments into the above-mentioned sizes. This ensures that large pieces of glass can be shredded while avoiding pressing the glass too finely and embedding it into the plastic; it also avoids tearing the plastic too finely, facilitating glass-plastic separation during dry screening.

[0014] Preferably, in step (2), the dry screening equipment is a rotary screen or a vibrating screen, used to coarsely separate broken glass from plastic, reduce the wear of the blades of the subsequent crusher, and the screened material is broken glass.

[0015] Preferably, in step (3), the crusher is a wet crusher, in which water is injected into the crushing chamber simultaneously during crushing, making it easier to separate the glass and plastic and avoiding dust and overheating of the crusher.

[0016] Preferably, in step (4), the grinding and washing cage includes a washing cage, a rotating shaft coaxially arranged inside the washing cage, and blades arranged on the rotating shaft. The bottom wall of the washing cage is provided with holes. During grinding, the rotating shaft drives the blades to rotate, and the material is squeezed and rubbed between the blades and the inner wall of the washing cage to form a grinding effect. During the water rinsing process, the glass is ground simultaneously, so that the glass brought in by the material after entering the crusher is further reduced in volume by grinding, making it easier to be flushed out by water through the holes in the bottom wall of the washing cage and recycled in the sedimentation tank.

[0017] Preferably, in the grinding and washing cage, the front end of the blade is a toothed alloy that matches the holes in the washing cage; when a small piece of glass gets stuck in the hole, the blade performs shearing grinding on the glass until the glass passes through the hole and is discharged from the washing cage.

[0018] Preferably, the grinding and washing cages are used in multiple sets connected in series, and the glass separation is more complete through repeated grinding and washing.

[0019] Preferably, in step (5), the flotation equipment adopts a multi-stage flotation cell, and each stage of the flotation cell uses flotation liquid of different density for flotation to separate glass from various plastics of different densities, which is conducive to the complete separation of glass and plastic.

[0020] A production line for separating plastic and glass composite materials is characterized by comprising, in sequence, a shredder, a dry screening device, a crusher, a grinding and washing cage, a flotation device, and a dewatering machine, wherein the discharge port of the shredder is connected to the feeding port of the dry screening device via a first conveying device; the undersize discharge section of the dry screening device is connected to the feeding port of the crusher via a second conveying device; the discharge port of the crusher is connected to the feeding end of the grinding and washing cage; the discharge end of the grinding and washing cage is connected to the feeding end of the flotation device via a third conveying device; and the floating material discharge port of the flotation device is connected to the inlet of the dewatering machine.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0022] 1. Through a series of interconnected processes including shredding, dry screening, wet crushing, grinding and washing, and flotation, the material is separated into multiple stages from large to small. The multi-stage separation process is used to crush the incoming material from large to small through shredding, crushing, and grinding and washing cages. Glass and plastic are separated in stages through dry screening, washing cages, and flotation tanks. This allows the composite material to be separated from large to small, enabling continuous batch production. Compared with the existing technology of manually using high-pressure water guns to wash, the production efficiency is greatly improved, the production cost is reduced, and plastic sheets of different sizes can be recycled, avoiding resource waste.

[0023] 2. This invention achieves a relatively thorough separation and collection of glass and plastic composite materials through multiple crushing and separation processes; it provides an efficient, energy-saving, and low-cost method for the separation, recycling, and regeneration of various forms of glass and plastic composite materials such as photovoltaic panels and laminated glass.

[0024] 3. Effectively solves the compatibility of glass and plastic composite sheets of various sizes and shapes. Through the shredding process, due to the wide gap between the shredder blades, large pieces of glass containing plastic are easily cut into smaller pieces, which is beneficial for subsequent dry screening and crushing, and causes minimal damage to the blades.

[0025] 4. Improve the durability of multi-stage crushing equipment. By shredding followed by crushing and grinding, damage to the cutting tools is reduced step by step, extending the time for sharpening and changing the tools, and improving the service life of the tools.

[0026] 5. Separate glass and plastic as thoroughly as possible. Through a multi-stage separation process, large pieces of glass are removed by dry screening, fine glass fragments are removed by grinding and washing cages, and glass adhering to the plastic is removed by flotation, thus achieving a more thorough separation of glass and plastic.

[0027] 6. The entire process and production line are seamless and streamlined, reducing manpower and complex automated control systems. By combining completely different machines and equipment, complex automatic control systems are avoided, achieving semi-automatic operation and reducing the maintenance costs of equipment in the production process. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process flow for separating the plastic and glass composite materials of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the plastic and glass composite material separation production line of the invention.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding and washing cage of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] See Figure 1-3 This embodiment describes a separation process for plastic and glass composite materials, including the following steps:

[0034] (1) Plastic sheets with glass fragments adhering to them are fed into shredder 1 for shredding. This shredding step is coarse crushing. Before shredding, the plastic and glass composite material to be recycled undergoes preliminary treatment to remove most of the large pieces of glass. Taking a car windshield as an example, the windshield can be crushed by rolling, at which point the large pieces of glass automatically separate from the plastic. Subsequently, centrifugation and other treatments can be used to further remove larger pieces of glass. What is obtained is a plastic sheet with glass fragments adhering to it. This plastic sheet can be a complete piece of plastic from a windshield, or it can be a smaller piece of plastic that may be torn apart during the rolling process. These plastic fragments of different sizes are fed into shredder 1, where the blades in shredder 1 tear the plastic fragments into strips of plastic fragments, approximately 5-10 cm wide and 10-50 cm long. By optimizing the design of the shredder 1's blade diameter, blade length, and thickness, it is made suitable for coarsely crushing composite sheets of glass and plastic of different shapes and sizes. Cutting the plastic sheets into the aforementioned sizes ensures that large pieces of glass are shredded while avoiding crushing the glass too finely and embedding it into the plastic, which would increase the difficulty of subsequent separation. On the other hand, it also avoids tearing the plastic too finely, which is beneficial for glass-plastic separation during dry screening. If the plastic fragments are shredded too finely, they may be screened out together with the glass pieces during dry screening.

[0035] (2) The shredded plastic fragments are fed into the dry screening equipment 2 for dry screening to remove the detached glass fragments. A drum screen or a vibrating screen can be used for screening. During the shredding process, some glass and plastic are separated, and some glass fragments that have been separated in the previous processing are also separated. Through the screening of the dry screening equipment 2, the detached glass fragments are removed, and the broken glass is initially separated from the plastic, reducing the wear of the blades of the subsequent crusher 3. The undersize material is basically broken glass.

[0036] (3) The plastic fragments after dry screening are conveyed to the wet crusher 3 for wet crushing, which further crushes the plastic fragments and uses the water flow during wet crushing to separate the detached glass fragments from the plastic fragments. In wet crushing, the wet crusher 3 further crushes the plastic fragments into smaller fragments. During the crushing process, the cutting and impact of the blades further crushes the plastic fragments, while a large number of glass fragments are also further crushed and detached from the plastic fragments. Wet crushing - that is, water is injected into the crushing chamber at the same time as crushing. The water can promote the separation of the detached plastic fragments and glass, so that the plastic fragments sent out of the discharge port of the wet crusher 3 are not only smaller in size, but also a large part of the glass fragments are removed. At the same time, it helps to avoid dust and overheating of the crusher 3.

[0037] (4) The wet-crushed plastic fragments are sent to the grinding and washing cage 4 for grinding, further separating the glass residue on the plastic fragments by friction, and using water flow to separate the detached glass fragments from the plastic fragments. See also Figure 3 The grinding and washing cage 4 includes a washing cage 4-1, a rotating shaft 4-2 coaxially arranged inside the washing cage 4-1, and blades 4-3 arranged on the rotating shaft 4-2. The bottom wall of the washing cage 4-1 has holes 4-4. During grinding, the rotating shaft 4-2 drives the blades 4-3 to rotate. The material is squeezed and rubbed between the blades 4-3 and the inner wall of the washing cage 4-1 to form a grinding effect. During the water rinsing process, the glass is simultaneously ground, so that the glass brought in by the material after entering the crusher 3 is further reduced in volume by grinding, making it easier to be flushed out by water through the holes 4-4 in the bottom wall of the washing cage 4-1 and recycled in the sedimentation tank. The front end of the blades 4-3 of the grinding and washing cage 4 is a toothed alloy, which cooperates with the holes 4-4 in the washing cage 4-1. When small pieces of glass get stuck in the holes 4-4, the blades 4-3 form a shearing grinding action on the glass until the glass passes through the holes 4-4 and is discharged from the washing cage 4-1. The blades 4-3 are arranged along a spiral structure on the rotating shaft 4-2, allowing the material to move from the feed end to the discharge end of the washing cage 4-1 while it is being ground. To further improve the separation effect, multiple sets of grinding and washing cages 4 can be used in series, allowing for more thorough glass separation through repeated grinding and cleaning.

[0038] (5) Next, the plastic fragments are conveyed to the flotation device 5 for flotation separation. Glass fragments and a small amount of plastic fragments with glass fragments adhering to them settle to the bottom or remain suspended in the middle of the flotation solution, while pure plastic fragments float on the surface of the flotation solution. The pure plastic fragments on the surface of the flotation solution are collected. After being ground by the grinding and washing cage 4, the adhering glass and plastic fragments are relatively thoroughly separated. Smaller glass fragments are also carried away by the water flow through the holes 4-4 of the washing cage 4-1. However, some glass fragments are still mixed together, so further separation and collection are necessary. In the flotation process, by setting the concentration of the flotation solution, for example, using brine of a set concentration, the different densities of different materials are utilized to place them in different positions in the flotation solution, thereby achieving classified collection. The density of the flotation solution needs to be adjusted for different plastics. The density of the flotation solution is determined by the density of the plastic and the allowable content of fine glass fragments in the plastic to be separated. Typically, laminated glass for construction and automobiles is PVB, while photovoltaic panels use EVA. The intended use of recycled plastics determines the allowable content of fine glass fragments. Different densities of flotation solutions only require adjustment of the density improver, without modifying the equipment. Specifically, glass is denser than plastic fragments. Therefore, the glass and plastic fragments mixed together are gradually settled to the bottom of the flotation cell using water flow impact or mechanical agitation, while pure plastic fragments float on the surface of the flotation solution. If a small amount of plastic fragments with glass adhering to them remain, they will be suspended in the middle of the flotation solution. However, after the previous separation processes, this amount of plastic fragments is very small. The pure plastic fragments floating on the surface of the flotation solution are then collected, while the glass and glass with plastic inclusions are lifted and recovered by the flotation cell's elevator. The flotation equipment 5 can employ multi-stage flotation cells, with each stage using flotation liquid of different densities for flotation, which can separate glass from various plastics of different densities and facilitates the complete separation of glass and plastics.

[0039] (6) Dewater the pure plastic fragments to obtain recyclable pure plastic fragments. The pure plastic fragments coming out of the flotation cell have a high water content. They are dewatered by the dewatering machine 6 to remove the flotation liquid and recover the pure plastic fragments with a lower water content.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] See Figure 2This embodiment is a production line for separating plastic and glass composite materials, including a shredder 1, a dry screening device 2, a crusher 3, a grinding and washing cage 4, a flotation device 5, and a dewatering machine 6 arranged sequentially. The discharge port of the shredder 1 is connected to the feeding port of the dry screening device 2 via a first conveying device 8; the undersize discharge section of the dry screening device 2 is connected to the feeding port of the crusher 3 via a second conveying device 9; the discharge port of the crusher 3 is connected to the feeding end of the grinding and washing cage 4; the discharge end of the grinding and washing cage 4 is connected to the feeding end of the flotation device 5 via a third conveying device 10; and the floating material discharge port of the flotation device 5 is connected to the inlet of the dewatering machine 6.

[0042] See Figures 2-3 To facilitate material feeding, a chain-plate feeder 7 is installed at the shredder 1. The material to be processed is fed onto the chain-plate feeder 7, which then transports it to the feeding port of the shredder 1. The first conveying device 8 is a belt conveyor, which is inclined and transports the material from the shredder 1 to the feeding port of the dry screening device 2. The dry screening device 2 is a rotary screen, which is inclined, with one end of the feeding port higher than the other end of the discharge port. During the screening process, glass fragments fall from the screen holes, and plastic pieces move from one end of the feeding port to the other end of the discharge port. The second conveying device 9 is also a belt conveyor, which is inclined and transports the material from the vibrating screen to the feeding port of the crusher 3. The crusher 3 shown is a wet crusher 3. Water is injected into the crushing chamber simultaneously during crushing, and the water can promote the separation of the detached plastic fragments and glass. The grinding and washing cage 4 includes a washing cage 4-1, a rotating shaft 4-2 coaxially arranged inside the washing cage 4-1, and blades 4-3 arranged on the rotating shaft 4-2. The rotating shaft 4-2 is driven by a motor. The bottom wall of the washing cage 4-1 has holes 4-4. The grinding and washing cage 4 is inclined, and the blades 4-3 are arranged in a spiral structure on the rotating shaft 4-2. During grinding, the rotating shaft 4-2 drives the blades 4-3 to rotate, and the material is squeezed and rubbed between the blades 4-3 and the inner wall of the washing cage 4-1 to form a grinding effect, gradually grinding the glass. At the same time, the plastic sheet is conveyed from one end of the feeding port to one end of the discharge port. The third conveying device 10 is also a belt conveyor, which is inclined and conveys the material sent out of the grinding and washing cage 4 to the feeding end of the flotation device 5. The flotation equipment 5 includes a flotation cell with a floating material outlet at the discharge end. A screw conveyor is connected to the bottom of the flotation cell to lift and collect the settling material (glass fragments). The floating material from the pure plastic fragment outlet flows directly into the inlet of the dewatering machine 6. The dewatering machine 6 is a vertical dewatering machine, where the pure plastic fragments to be dewatered are conveyed from bottom to top while simultaneously being dewatered.

[0043] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above content. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A separation process for plastic and glass composite materials, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Put the plastic sheet with the glass attached into the shredder for shredding to achieve coarse crushing; (2) The shredded plastic fragments are put into a dry screening device for dry screening to remove the glass fragments that have been separated; (3) The plastic fragments that have passed through the dry screening are transported to a crusher for further crushing. (4) The plastic fragments after further crushing are sent to the grinding and washing cage for grinding, the glass remaining on the plastic fragments is ground into a smaller volume, and the water flow is used to separate the detached glass fragments from the plastic fragments and discharge them from the holes in the bottom wall of the grinding and washing cage. (5) Next, the plastic fragments are transported to the flotation equipment for flotation separation. Among them, glass fragments and a small amount of plastic fragments with glass fragments adhering to them settle to the bottom or are suspended in the middle of the flotation liquid, while pure plastic fragments float on the surface of the flotation liquid. The pure plastic fragments on the surface of the flotation liquid are collected. (6) Dehydrate the pure plastic fragments to obtain recyclable pure plastic fragments; In step (3), the crusher is a wet crusher, and water is injected into the crushing chamber simultaneously during crushing; In step (4), the grinding and washing cage includes a washing cage, a rotating shaft coaxially arranged inside the washing cage, and blades arranged on the rotating shaft. The bottom wall of the washing cage is provided with holes. During grinding, the rotating shaft drives the blades to rotate, and the material is squeezed and rubbed between the blades and the inner wall of the washing cage to form a grinding effect. During the water washing process, the glass is ground simultaneously, so that the glass brought into the material after entering the crusher is further reduced in volume by grinding and flushed out by water through the holes in the bottom wall of the washing cage and recycled in the sedimentation tank. In the grinding and washing cage, the front end of the washing cage blades is a toothed alloy that matches the holes in the washing cage; when a small piece of glass gets stuck in the hole, the blades perform shearing grinding on the glass until the glass passes through the hole and is discharged from the washing cage.

2. The separation process for plastic and glass composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), after being shredded, the plastic fragments are shredded into strips with a width of 5-10cm and a length of 10-50cm.

3. The separation process for plastic and glass composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the dry screening equipment is a rotary screen or a vibrating screen.

4. The separation process for plastic and glass composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grinding and washing cages are used in multiple sets connected in series. Through repeated grinding and cleaning, the glass separation is more complete.

5. The separation process for plastic and glass composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (5), the flotation equipment uses multi-stage flotation cells, and each stage of flotation cells uses flotation liquid of different densities to separate glass from various plastics of different densities.

6. A production line for separating plastic and glass composite materials, characterized in that, The separation production line is applied to the separation process described in any one of claims 1-5. The separation production line includes a shredder, a dry screening device, a crusher, a grinding and washing cage, a flotation device, and a dewatering machine arranged sequentially. The discharge port of the shredder is connected to the feeding port of the dry screening device via a first conveying device; the undersize discharge section of the dry screening device is connected to the feeding port of the crusher via a second conveying device; the discharge port of the crusher is connected to the feeding end of the grinding and washing cage; the discharge end of the grinding and washing cage is connected to the feeding end of the flotation device via a third conveying device; and the floating material discharge port of the flotation device is connected to the inlet of the dewatering machine.

7. The plastic-glass composite material separation production line according to claim 6, characterized in that, The shredder is equipped with a chain plate feeder; the first conveying device, the second conveying device and the third conveying device are belt conveyors.

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