Design method of fishway with turning arrangement adapting to upstream water level change

Abstract

The application discloses a fishway design method of a turning arrangement suitable for upstream water level change, and belongs to the field of hydraulic engineering. The method specifically comprises the following steps: 1) determining the elevations of multiple outlets of the fishway; 2) determining the bottom slopes between the outlets; 3) determining the control elevation of a dam-passing section of the fishway; 4) determining the hydrological design standard of an upstream transverse closed retaining wall and an upstream longitudinal closed retaining wall; and 5) determining the bottom elevation of the lowest outlet of the fishway. The fishway structure of the method comprises the dam-passing section of the fishway, an upstream fishway section, an upstream pier, the upstream transverse closed retaining wall, the upstream longitudinal closed retaining wall, an upstream fishway support body, a fishway outlet and a fishway water-filling floating body gate. The upstream pier, the upstream transverse closed retaining wall, the upstream longitudinal closed retaining wall and a dam body are connected with each other to form a hollow cofferdam in an upstream reservoir area, and the upstream fishway is arranged in the cofferdam. The method has the beneficial effects that a new arrangement type saves space, saves construction materials and shortens construction period, the position of a downstream inlet can be arranged more optimally due to the change of the upstream outlet, and the fish passing period is increased.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application discloses a fishway design method for a turning arrangement adapting to upstream water level change, which is used for fish passing facility construction of water conservancy and hydropower engineering and belongs to the field of water conservancy projects. BACKGROUND

[0002] The fishway is an important facility for connecting the fish migration route, and plays an irreplaceable important role in connecting the fish migration route on a low water head water conservancy hub and is one of key contents of ecological protection and restoration technology of water conservancy projects. The fishway design guide (SL 609-2013) for water conservancy and hydropower engineering stipulates that when the upstream water level amplitude is large in the main fish passing season, multiple fishway outlets with different positions and elevations should be arranged. Fish passes-Design, dimensions and monitoring published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations stipulates that the fishway outlet should be designed as a vertical slit type, and multiple outlets should be arranged if the water level amplitude exceeds 1 m. There are a large number of reservoirs in China, and the water level amplitude of some reservoirs affected by daily regulation of power stations reaches more than 10 meters. Such a huge water level amplitude brings great difficulties to the design of the fishway outlet. If the conventional design is adopted, the number of fishway outlets will be more than 10, which is very difficult from the design and management points of view. How to adopt a design to adapt to the change of the upstream water level has been the direction of exploration of the technical personnel in the field.

[0003] The inventor of the application has disclosed CN107034861A "a mixed fishway capable of adapting to large upstream water level amplitude". However, due to the complex mechanical device arranged in the fishway, especially the bidirectional fish expelling grating arranged in the fishway lock chamber section, the mechanical process is very complex. Especially during the flood period, a large amount of floating garbage stays in the fishway lock chamber section, causing the mechanical device to run difficultly, and manual cleaning is needed. When there is a lot of garbage, it needs to be cleaned every day, which brings great inconvenience to maintenance. Although the setting of the rotten garbage grid can partially solve this problem, the field still hopes to find a more convenient fishway type adapting to the change of the water level.

[0004] In addition, in the traditional fishway with multiple outlets, the fishway is arranged along the upstream reservoir, and the distance between each fishway outlet is 100-200 m, and 1000-2000 m of reservoir bank space needs to be reserved upstream of the fishway with 10 outlets. It is difficult to select and arrange such a reservoir bank space.

[0005] The upstream arrangement type of the fishway in the prior art is as follows Figure 1The upstream water level changes, a plurality of fish outlets are arranged in the upstream, and three outlets are arranged in the figure. The water level of the upstream reservoir area changes little along the way, so that the main lifting section of the fishway is concentrated in the downstream. The water level rise caused by the dam is slowly distributed in the downstream section of the fishway. The upstream is greatly affected by the change of the reservoir water level. The turning section of the fishway can only be arranged in the downstream. The downstream also arranges the tail water channel of the power station, the discharge and energy dissipation area of the discharge dam section, and the mouth area of the ship lock. The layout space in the downstream is very tight. In order to save the layout space in the downstream, and at the same time need to have enough length to reduce the inlet elevation of the fishway, the fishway inlet is often arranged in the downstream river section away from the dam body, so that a fish blocking facility needs to be added in the downstream to avoid fish swimming to the dam downstream and failing to find the fishway inlet.

[0006] The data obtained by the inventor through long-term observation show that more fish gather near the power station and the ship lock, and the distribution of fish in the downstream is closer to the ship lock wall and the tail water of the power station; therefore, a layout mode is needed to shorten the downstream fishway section, so that the fish inlet is closer to the tail water channel of the power station and the mouth area of the ship lock. However, the water retaining elevation of the dam is fixed, and the characteristic water levels are selected according to the requirements of flood control and power generation. Therefore, the upstream opening bottom elevation of the fishway passing dam section is near the normal storage water level, otherwise the fishway passing dam section will be submerged underwater for a long time, and the passing dam section becomes a submerged pipeline. This is a problem that cannot be solved in the existing fishway design. SUMMARY

[0007] The present application discloses a fishway design method with a turning arrangement to adapt to the change of the upstream water level, which aims to reduce the space layout length of the upstream section of the fishway, improve the adaptability of the fishway to the change of the upstream water level, and improve the automatic degree of the fishway water inlet scheduling.

[0008] A fishway design method with a turning arrangement to adapt to the change of the upstream water level, comprising the following steps:

[0009] 1) determining the elevations of a plurality of fish outlets;

[0010] 2) determining the bottom slope between the outlets;

[0011] 3) controlling the elevations of the fishway passing dam section;

[0012] 4) determining the hydrological design standards of the upstream transverse closure retaining wall and the upstream longitudinal closure retaining wall;

[0013] 5) determining the bottom elevation of the lowest outlet of the fishway.

[0014] The present application comprises a turning arrangement of the fishway in the upstream section of the dam, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:

[0015] The fishway is arranged in a turning mode and is adapted to upstream water level changes, and comprises a fishway dam section, an upstream fishway section, an upstream pier, an upstream transverse closed retaining wall, an upstream longitudinal closed retaining wall, an upstream fishway support body, a fishway outlet, and a gate.

[0016] The upstream pier, the upstream transverse closed retaining wall, and the upstream longitudinal closed retaining wall are connected with the dam body to form a hollow cofferdam in the upstream reservoir area.

[0017] One end of the upstream fishway support body is supported by a column in the cofferdam, and the other end is supported by a beam on the upstream pier, the upstream transverse closed retaining wall, the upstream longitudinal closed retaining wall, and the dam body.

[0018] The fishway dam section is connected with the upstream fishway section, and the upstream fishway section is arranged on the upstream fishway support body in a ring shape along the upstream pier, the upstream transverse closed retaining wall, the upstream longitudinal closed retaining wall, and the dam body.

[0019] The elevation of the multiple fishway outlets is determined as follows: the upstream fishway section is arranged in a turning and descending mode, the elevation of each outlet is set according to the residence time of the upstream water level during the regulation process, and the elevation range of each outlet is combined to cover 85% of the residence time of the regulation water level.

[0020] The bottom slope between the outlets is determined as follows: the bottom slope of the upstream fishway section is designed to be not greater than the maximum slope required by the swimming ability of fish, and the slope between two outlets can be adjusted between the maximum slope and 0 according to the outlet water level characteristics and the distance between the two outlets.

[0021] The fishway outlet is multiple and arranged on the upstream fishway section and penetrates through the upstream transverse closed retaining wall or the upstream longitudinal closed retaining wall.

[0022] The control elevation of the fishway dam section is determined as follows: the bottom elevation of the fishway dam section is 0.5 m below the lower water level of 10% low water level in the dry season and the flood control water level, and a quick gate is arranged at the upstream inlet of the fishway dam section.

[0023] The hydrological design standard of the upstream transverse closed retaining wall and the upstream longitudinal closed retaining wall is determined as follows: the upstream transverse closed retaining wall and the upstream longitudinal closed retaining wall are water retaining dam sections, and the hydrological design standard thereof is the same as the design standard of the fishway.

[0024] The top elevation of the upstream transverse closed retaining wall and the upstream longitudinal closed retaining wall is the same as the top elevation of the dam.

[0025] The bottom elevation of the lowest outlet of the fishway is determined as follows: for an annual regulation reservoir, 0.5 m below the lower water level of 10% low water level in the dry season and the flood control water level is taken as the bottom elevation of the fishway outlet; and for a daily regulation reservoir, 1 m below the flood control water level is taken as the lowest elevation of the fishway outlet.

[0026] The fishway water-filling floating body gate is multiple, installed on the fishway outlet of the upstream fishway section.

[0027] The upstream pier mentioned above is the outer side wall of the ship lock side wall or the outer side wall of the water inlet guide pier of the power station.

[0028] The fishway outlet mentioned above is arranged outside the upstream transverse closure retaining wall or the upstream longitudinal closure retaining wall; the direction of the water flow is not changed after passing through the fishway outlet, and the water flow directly flows into the upstream fishway section and continues to flow downstream.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present application are that:

[0030] 1. The upstream fishway arrangement type provided by the present application greatly saves space, saves construction materials and construction period, and provides a more favorable selection for the planar space arrangement of the fishway by folding the upstream fishway in the space between the dam and the ship lock side wall or the dam and the water inlet guide pier of the power station; such space arrangement enables longer fishways to be arranged upstream of the dam, so that the downstream entrance of the fishway is closer to the tailwater channel of the power station or the ship lock gate area, and more fish can find the entrance of the fishway.

[0031] 2. Since the fish passing period is usually before and after the flood season, the bottom elevation of the fish passage section is set to be 0.5m below the flood control water level, which greatly improves the fish passage guarantee rate of the fishway, and the fishway can meet the water level changes in each period of the flood season, solving the biggest time conflict between flood control and fish passage.

[0032] 3. The fishway multi-outlet folding arrangement type and the control method of the fishway outlet using the floating body gate provided by the present application greatly reduce the difficulty of gate scheduling; the gate of the corresponding height is automatically opened when the fishway is at a certain water level, and the underwater gate is closed, ensuring the stability and continuity of the water inlet and fish outlet of the fishway.

[0033] Drawings of the specification

[0034] Figure 1 The fishway arrangement schematic diagram in the prior art;

[0035] Figure 2 The fishway arrangement schematic diagram provided by the present application;

[0036] Figure 3 The upstream fishway arrangement schematic diagram of the present application is also Figure 2 The local enlarged view of the M position in the middle;

[0037] Figure 4 The AA' cross-sectional schematic view of the present application;

[0038] Figure 5 The BB' cross-sectional schematic view of the present application;

[0039] Figure 6 is Figure 3 partial enlarged view of N in the middle;

[0040] Figure 7 partial enlarged view of P in the gate opening and closing state of the fishway through the highest inlet;

[0041] Figure 8 partial enlarged view of P in the gate opening and closing state of the fishway through the highest inlet;

[0042] Figure 9 partial enlarged view of P in the gate opening and closing state of the fishway through the highest inlet;

[0043] Figure 10 partial enlarged view of P in the gate opening and closing state of the fishway through the highest inlet;

[0044] Figure 11 schematic diagram of the fishway self-opening and closing gate section;

[0045] Figure 12 schematic diagram of the fishway self-opening and closing gate section;

[0046] Figure 13 schematic diagram of the fishway self-opening and closing gate section;

[0047] wherein 1 is a water retaining dam section, 2 is a power station section, 3 is a ship lock, 4 is a fishway, 41 is an upstream fishway section in the prior art, 42 is an upstream fishway section of the present application, SW is water level, and S is the inner water surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The present application will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] A fishway with a turning arrangement and utilizing a water-filled floating body to adapt to upstream water level changes, comprising: a fishway dam section 41, an upstream fishway section 42, an upstream bulkhead 43, an upstream transverse closed retaining wall 44, an upstream longitudinal closed retaining wall 45, an upstream fishway support body 46, a fishway outlet 47, and a gate.

[0051] The upstream bulkhead 43, the upstream transverse closed retaining wall 44, the upstream longitudinal closed retaining wall 45, and the dam body are connected to each other to form a hollow cofferdam in the upstream reservoir area.

[0052] The upstream fishway support body 46 is supported by a column at one end and a beam at the other end in the cofferdam, the upstream fishway section 42 is installed on the upstream fishway support body 46, and the upstream fishway section 42 is arranged along the upstream pier 43, the upstream transverse closure wall 44, the upstream longitudinal closure wall 45, and the dam body in a ring shape;

[0053] The fishway passing dam section 41 is connected to the upstream fishway section 42, and the upstream fishway section 42 is installed on the upstream fishway support body 46; the upstream fishway section 42 is arranged along the upstream pier 43, the upstream transverse closure wall 44, the upstream longitudinal closure wall 45, and the dam body in a ring shape;

[0054] The upstream fishway section 42 is arranged in a turning and descending manner, and the elevation of each outlet is set according to the residence time of the upstream water level during the regulation process; the elevation range of each outlet is combined to satisfy the residence time of 85% of the regulation water level.

[0055] In the fish passing season, the reservoir regulation scheme shows that the water level stays between 34.5-37.8m for 100% of the fish passing season.

[0056] Therefore, the lowest outlet bottom elevation in the embodiment is 33.7m, the highest outlet bottom elevation is 36.8m, and the intermediate outlet bottom elevation is 35.21m; the intermediate outlet bottom elevation is the average value between the highest and lowest outlet bottom elevations;

[0057] The maximum water depth of the fishway is 1.59m, and the water depth range of the fishway is 0.5-1.59m.

[0058] The bottom slope of the upstream fishway section 42 is designed to be not greater than the maximum slope required by the swimming ability of fish;

[0059] In the embodiment, the swimming ability of the target fish is 1.1m / s, and the designed value of the bottom slope is 1V:200H; the upstream fishway bottom slope is adjusted between 0-1:200;

[0060] The fishway outlet 47 is three, arranged on the upstream fishway section 42 and the upstream longitudinal closure wall 45;

[0061] The upstream side bottom elevation of the fishway passing dam section 41 is 0.5m lower than the fishway outlet bottom elevation; a quick gate 411 is arranged on the upstream side of the fishway passing dam section;

[0062] The upstream transverse closure wall 44 and the upstream longitudinal closure wall 45 are water retaining dam sections, and the hydrological design standard and the fishway design standard are the same, both being 100-year design and 1000-year checking;

[0063] The top elevations of the upstream transverse closure wall 44 and the upstream longitudinal closure wall 45 are the same as the top elevation of the dam.

[0064] The low water level in dry season of the embodiment is 34.2 m, the flood limit water level is 34.5 m, and the lowest bottom elevation of the fishway outlet 47 of the embodiment is 34.2-0.5=33.7 m;

[0065] The fishway water-filled floating body gate 48 is multiple and installed on the fishway outlet 47 of the upstream fishway section 42.

[0066] The upstream pier 43 is the outer wall surface of the water inlet guide pier of the power station.

[0067] The fishway outlet is arranged on the upstream transverse closure retaining wall or the upstream longitudinal closure retaining wall; the direction of the water flow does not change after entering the fishway outlet 47, directly flows into the upstream fishway section 42, and continues to flow downstream.

[0068] The gate is a flat steel gate and is opened and closed by electricity.

[0069] Embodiment 2

[0070] A fishway with a turning arrangement and utilizing a water-filled floating body to adapt to upstream water level changes, comprising: a fishway dam section 41, an upstream fishway section 42, an upstream pier 43, an upstream transverse closure retaining wall 44, an upstream longitudinal closure retaining wall 45, an upstream fishway support body 46, a fishway outlet 47, and a gate;

[0071] The gate is a fishway water-filled floating body gate, comprising: a floating body gate 51, a gate shaft 52, a water seal 53, an inner baffle 54, and a bottom half-barrel-shaped floating body 55.

[0072] The bottom half-barrel-shaped floating body 55 comprises a half-barrel and a flat surface closing the barrel; a flat gate is connected to the flat surface, a closing gate floating box 59 is welded to the top outer side of the flat gate, the floating body gate 51 is fixed on the gate shaft 52 and rotates around the gate shaft 52; and the water seal 53 is fixed on the inner baffle 54 of the floating body gate 51.

[0073] The inner baffle 54 is welded to the arc surface of the bottom half-barrel-shaped floating body 55 and is provided with an outer baffle 56 on the outer side; the inner baffle 54 provides a positive pressure for the water seal 53 and limits water leakage of the water seal 53; and the inner baffle 54 cooperates with the water seal 53 to seal the gap at the bottom of the gate when the gate is closed.

[0074] When the water level drops to the opening water level of the floating body gate 51, the floating body gate 51 forms a rotating torque under the gravity of the closing gate floating box 59, at this time, the bottom of the floating body gate 51 is turned inward and upward and is clamped at the position of the outer baffle 56 of the bottom door frame, and the floating body gate is in a horizontal open state;

[0075] When the water level rises to the closing water level of the floating body gate 51, the floating body gate forms a rotating torque under the buoyancy of the closing gate floating box 59, at this time, the bottom of the floating body gate is turned downward and outward and is clamped at the position of the inner baffle 54 of the bottom door frame, and the floating body gate is in a vertical closed state.

[0076] The floating door closure float 59 is provided with a two-way water pump 591 and an air pipe 592, and a water pipe 593;

[0077] The bottom half-barrel-shaped floating body 55 is connected to the closure float 59 through the air pipe 592 and the water pipe 593;

[0078] The end of the water pipe 593 is provided with a gravity hose 594, which is always vertically positioned at the lowest position under the action of gravity;

[0079] If the gate cannot be opened when the water level drops to the floating door opening water level, the two-way water pump 57 pumps water from the bottom half-barrel-shaped floating body 55 into the closure float 59, and the water flows into the closure float 59, increasing the weight and moment of the closure float 59, and pushing the gate to open;

[0080] If the gate cannot be closed when the water level rises to the floating gate closing water level, the two-way water pump 57 pumps water from the closure float 59 into the bottom half-barrel-shaped floating body 55, and the combined action of the water gravity of the bottom half-barrel-shaped floating body 55 and the buoyancy of the closure float 59 makes the gate vertical, further pushing the gate to close.

[0081] The bottom angle of the closure float 59 close to the gate side is an acute angle, and the angle range is 52°<A<90°.

[0082] When multiple gates are located at different elevations, different water levels will open different fishway water-filled floating gate, so that water at different elevations flows into the fishway.

Claims

1. A method for designing a fishway with a turning arrangement that is adaptive to upstream water level changes, characterized by: The method comprises the following steps: 1) determining the elevations of multiple outlets of the fishway; 2) determining the bottom slope between the outlets; 3) controlling the elevation of the dam-passing section of the fishway; 4) determining the hydrological design standard of the upstream transverse closure dam and the upstream longitudinal closure dam; 5) determining the bottom elevation of the lowest outlet of the fishway; The elevation of each outlet is set according to the residence time of the upstream water level in the scheduling process; the range of the elevations of the outlets is combined to satisfy the residence time of 85% of the upstream scheduling water level; The bottom slope of the upstream fishway section is designed to be not greater than the maximum slope required by the swimming ability of fish; according to the outlet water level characteristics and the distance between the two outlets, the slope of the multiple flat sections and turning sections connected between the two outlets is adjusted between the maximum slope and 0 slope; The controlling elevation of the dam-passing section of the fishway is the lower one of the 10% low water level in the dry season and the flood control water level, minus 0.5 m; The hydrological design standard of the upstream transverse closure dam and the upstream longitudinal closure dam is the same as the design standard of the fishway; The bottom elevation of the lowest outlet of the fishway is 0.5 m below the lower one of the 10% low water level in the dry season and the flood control water level for an annual regulation reservoir; for a daily regulation reservoir, the bottom elevation of the lowest outlet of the fishway is 1 m below the flood control water level; The fishway with a turning arrangement adapted to the change of upstream water level comprises a dam-passing section of the fishway, an upstream fishway section, an upstream pier, an upstream transverse closure dam, an upstream longitudinal closure dam, an upstream fishway support body, fishway outlets and a gate; The upstream pier, the upstream transverse closure dam, the upstream longitudinal closure dam and the dam body are connected to each other in the upstream reservoir area to form a hollow cofferdam; One end of the upstream fishway support body is supported by a column in the cofferdam, and the other end is supported by a beam on the upstream pier, the upstream transverse closure dam, the upstream longitudinal closure dam and the dam body; The dam-passing section of the fishway is connected to the upstream fishway section, and the upstream fishway section is installed on the upstream fishway support body; the upstream fishway section is arranged in a ring shape along the upstream pier, the upstream transverse closure dam, the upstream longitudinal closure dam and the dam body; The top elevation of the upstream transverse closure dam and the upstream longitudinal closure dam is the same as the top elevation of the dam.

2. A fishway design method for adapting to upstream water level changes in a turning arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fishway outlets are multiple and arranged on the upstream fishway section and pass through the upstream transverse closure dam.

3. A fishway design method for adapting to upstream water level changes in a turning arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gate is a fishway water-filling float gate, which comprises a flat plate door, a door shaft, a water seal, an inner baffle and a bottom half-barrel-shaped float body; the bottom half-barrel-shaped float body comprises a half-barrel and a flat surface closing the barrel; the flat plate door is connected to the flat surface; a closing float box is welded to the top outer side of the flat plate door; the flat plate door is fixed on the door shaft and rotates with the door shaft as the rotation axis; the water seal is fixed on the inner baffle. The inner baffle is welded in the middle of the arc surface of the bottom half-barrel-shaped floating body and extends along the length direction of the bottom half-barrel-shaped floating body; the inner baffle provides positive pressure for the water seal and limits water leakage; the inner baffle works together with the water seal to seal the gap at the bottom of the gate when the gate is closed; the outer baffle is arranged outside the plane of the closed barrel of the bottom half-barrel-shaped floating body; When the water level drops to the fishway water-filled floating body gate opening water level, the fishway water-filled floating body gate forms a turning moment under the gravity of the closed gate float box, at this time, the bottom of the fishway water-filled floating body gate is turned up and inwards, and is clamped in the position of the outer baffle of the bottom door frame, so that the fishway water-filled floating body gate is in a horizontal open state; When the water level rises to the fishway water-filled floating body gate closing water level, the fishway water-filled floating body gate forms a turning moment under the buoyancy of the closed gate float box, at this time, the bottom of the fishway water-filled floating body gate is turned down and outwards, the top of the flat plate door is blocked by the edge of the gate top plate, and the fishway water-filled floating body gate is in a vertical closed state; The bidirectional water pump and the air pipe and the water pipe are installed in the closed gate float box of the fishway water-filled floating body gate; The bottom half-barrel-shaped floating body is connected with the closed gate float box through the air pipe and the water pipe; The gravity hose is arranged at the end of the water pipe, and the gravity hose is always vertically positioned at the lowest position under the gravity; If the gate cannot be opened when the water level drops to the fishway water-filled floating body gate opening water level, the bidirectional water pump pumps water from the bottom half-barrel-shaped floating body into the closed gate float box, the water flows into the closed gate float box, and the weight and moment of the closed gate float box are increased, so as to push the fishway water-filled floating body gate to open; When the water level rises to the fishway water-filled floating body gate closing water level, the fishway water-filled floating body gate still cannot be closed, and then the bidirectional water pump pumps the water in the closed gate float box into the bottom half-barrel-shaped floating body, and the water gravity of the bottom half-barrel-shaped floating body and the buoyancy of the closed gate float box work together to make the fishway water-filled floating body gate vertical, and further push the fishway water-filled floating body gate to close.

Images