A fuel injector, a rotary detonation engine, and an aircraft

Abstract

A fuel injector, a rotary detonation engine, and an aircraft are disclosed. The fuel injector includes: a main body having an annular receiving cavity and an annular combustion chamber, the receiving cavity being located radially outside the combustion chamber, a common wall between the receiving cavity and the combustion chamber, the common wall having leakage holes distributed thereon, the leakage holes connecting the receiving cavity and the combustion chamber; fuel and an elastic pressing device, both disposed within the combustion chamber, the elastic pressing device pressing fuel against the common wall; a pressure detection device configured to detect pressure data from the elastic pressing device; a vibration generating device disposed on the common wall and configured to drive the common wall to vibrate; and a control device electrically connected to the pressure detection device and the vibration generating device. The fuel is a solid powder fuel. The control device controls the vibration generating device to drive the common wall to vibrate at a set amplitude and a set frequency based on the pressure data and the fuel demand data of the combustion chamber, so that the leakage amount from the leakage holes meets the fuel demand data, thereby achieving precise control of solid powder fuel combustion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This article relates to engine equipment technology, particularly a fuel injector, a rotary detonation engine, and an aircraft. Background Technology

[0002] Solid rocket motors: Rocket motors that carry solid oxidizers and solid fuels. The solid oxidizer and solid fuels are pre-mixed and shaped according to the optimal mixing ratio designed for the ballistic trajectory and installed in the rocket casing. They are suitable for rocket ignition. Solid ramjet engines: Rocket motors containing solid fuels but without or with low solid oxidizer content. They use the ramjet effect to pressurize the incoming airflow and utilize the oxygen in the air to organize the combustion of the solid fuels. They are suitable for rockets that accelerate to ramjet propulsion. Rocket flight requires two phases: the ignition phase to start the rocket and accelerate it to a speed with sufficient ramjet effect, and the ramjet phase to accelerate the rocket to ramjet propulsion.

[0003] For technical solutions that use solid combustibles as engine fuel, it is difficult for those skilled in the art to precisely control the combustion of solid fuels. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides a fuel injector in which solid fuel can be supplied into the combustion chamber in a similar injection manner, thereby enabling precise control of solid fuel combustion.

[0005] This application also provides a rotary detonation engine and an aircraft.

[0006] The fuel injector provided in this embodiment of the invention includes: a main body having an annular receiving cavity and an annular combustion chamber, the receiving cavity being located radially outside the combustion chamber, a common wall being provided between the receiving cavity and the combustion chamber, the common wall having leakage holes distributed thereon, the leakage holes communicating with the receiving cavity and the combustion chamber; fuel and an elastic pressing device, both disposed within the combustion chamber, the elastic pressing device pressing the fuel against the common wall; a pressure detection device configured to detect pressure data of the elastic pressing device; a vibration generating device disposed on the common wall and configured to drive the common wall to vibrate; and a control device electrically connected to the pressure detection device and the vibration generating device, configured to control the vibration generating device to drive the common wall to vibrate at a set amplitude and a set frequency according to the pressure data and the fuel demand data of the combustion chamber, so that the leakage amount of the leakage holes meets the fuel demand data.

[0007] In some exemplary embodiments, the fuel injector further includes an electrostatic supply device, wherein the common wall is provided with an electrode layer, the electrostatic supply device is electrically connected to the electrode layer and configured to supply power to the electrode layer so that the electrode layer forms an electrostatic layer.

[0008] In some exemplary embodiments, the electrode layer is located on the side of the common wall facing the combustion chamber.

[0009] In some exemplary embodiments, the electrostatic supply device is an electrostatic power source.

[0010] In some exemplary embodiments, the main body includes multiple components, and one of the two output electrodes of the electrostatic supply device is electrically connected to a portion of the electrode layer, and the other is electrically connected to another portion of the electrode layer.

[0011] In some exemplary embodiments, the vibration generating device is located on the side of the common wall facing the receiving cavity.

[0012] In some exemplary embodiments, the diameter of the discharge hole is no greater than 1 mm.

[0013] In some exemplary embodiments, the vibration generating device is a transducer.

[0014] In some exemplary embodiments, the elastic pressing device is an airbag.

[0015] In some exemplary embodiments, the fuel is a solid powder fuel.

[0016] In some exemplary embodiments, the control device includes a control module and an amplifier. The vibration generating device is electrically connected to the control module via the amplifier, and the pressure detection device is electrically connected to the control module. The control module is configured to output a first set electrical energy signal with a set frequency and a set energy to the amplifier based on the pressure data and the combustion chamber's required fuel data. The amplifier amplifies the first set electrical energy signal to a second set electrical energy signal. The vibration generating device is configured to drive the common wall to vibrate with a set amplitude and a set frequency based on the second set electrical energy signal, so that the leakage amount of the leakage hole meets the required fuel data.

[0017] In some exemplary embodiments, the control device further includes a power supply module electrically connected to the control module and configured to supply power to the control module.

[0018] The rotary detonation engine proposed in this invention includes the fuel injector described in any of the above embodiments.

[0019] The aircraft proposed in the embodiments of the present invention includes the rotary detonation engine described in any of the above embodiments.

[0020] The fuel injector provided in this embodiment of the invention includes a pressure detection device that detects the pressure data of the elastic pressing device, and a control device that controls the vibration generator to drive the common wall to vibrate at a set amplitude and frequency based on the pressure data and the fuel demand data of the combustion chamber, so that the amount of material leakage from the leakage hole meets the fuel demand data. If the fuel is set as solid powder fuel, the solid powder fuel is supplied into the combustion chamber from the leakage hole in a manner similar to injection according to the fuel demand data of the combustion chamber. This solution achieves precise control of solid powder fuel combustion by precisely controlling the amount of solid powder fuel supplied to the combustion chamber.

[0021] Other features and advantages of this application will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the application. Other advantages of this application can be realized and obtained by means of the solutions described in the description and the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings are used to provide an understanding of the technical solutions of this application and constitute a part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of this application to explain the technical solutions of this application and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions of this application.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a fuel injector according to one embodiment; the cross-sectional line of the central axis is not shown.

[0024] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the CCP's wall structure. The cross-sectional lines of the electrode layer are not shown, and the arrows indicate the direction of fuel injection.

[0025] The correspondence between the reference numerals and the component names is as follows:

[0026] 100 Main body, 110 Receiving cavity, 120 Combustion chamber, 130 Common wall, 140 Material leakage hole, 150 Electrode layer, 200 Solid powder fuel, 300 Elastic pressing device, 400 Pressure detection device, 500 Vibration and sound generation device, 610 Control module, 620 Amplifier, 630 Power supply module, 700 Static electricity supply device, 800 Central shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0027] This application describes several embodiments, but these descriptions are exemplary and not restrictive. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

[0028] The fuel injector provided in the embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes: a main body 100, which has an annular receiving cavity 110 and an annular combustion chamber 120. The receiving cavity 110 is located radially outside the combustion chamber 120. A common wall 130 is provided between the receiving cavity 110 and the combustion chamber 120. The common wall 130 has discharge holes 140 distributed thereon, which connect the receiving cavity 110 and the combustion chamber 120; a fuel and elastic pressing device 300, both of which are located inside the combustion chamber 120, and the elastic pressing device 300 presses the fuel against the common wall 130; and a pressure detection device 400. The system is configured to detect the pressure data of the elastic pressing device 300; a vibration generating device 500 is located on the common wall 130 and configured to drive the common wall 130 to vibrate; and a control device is electrically connected to the pressure detection device 400 and the vibration generating device 500, and is configured to control the vibration generating device 500 to drive the common wall 130 to vibrate at a set amplitude and a set frequency according to the pressure data and the required fuel data A of the combustion chamber 120, so that the leakage amount of the leakage hole 140 meets the required fuel data A; wherein the fuel is set to solid powder fuel 200.

[0029] This fuel injector uses a pressure detection device 400 to detect the pressure data of the elastic pressing device 300. The control device, based on the pressure data and the fuel demand data A of the combustion chamber 120, controls the vibration generator 500 to drive the common wall 130 to vibrate at a set amplitude and frequency. This ensures that the amount of fuel leaked through the discharge hole 140 meets the fuel demand data A. When the fuel is set to solid powder fuel 200, it is supplied into the combustion chamber 120 through the discharge hole 140 in a similar injection manner, according to the fuel demand data A. This scheme achieves precise control of the combustion of solid powder fuel 200 within the combustion chamber 120 by precisely controlling the amount of solid powder fuel 200 supplied. This scheme offers higher fuel control precision and better fuel injector performance.

[0030] In some exemplary embodiments, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the fuel injector also includes: an electrostatic supply device 700, an electrode layer 150 is provided on the common wall 130, the electrostatic supply device 700 is electrically connected to the electrode layer 150 and is configured to supply power to the electrode layer 150 so that the electrode layer 150 forms an electrostatic layer; wherein, the common wall 130 is an insulating wall, and the electrode layer 150 is located on the side of the common wall 130 facing the combustion chamber 120 and between the leakage holes 140.

[0031] The electrostatic supply device 700 supplies power to the electrode layer 150, causing the electrode layer 150 to form an electrostatic layer. The electrostatic layer adsorbs fuel, allowing the fuel to enter the combustion chamber 120 through the feed hole 140. In addition, after the static charge B on the electrostatic layer is transferred to the fuel, the fuel entering the combustion chamber 120 repels each other, which makes the fuel that vibrates into the combustion chamber 120 evenly distributed in the combustion chamber 120, which is more conducive to the fuel fully rotating and detonating combustion in the combustion chamber 120.

[0032] Rotating detonation combustion is a continuous explosive combustion process with pressurization characteristics. Its flame propagation speed is long, typically reaching several kilometers per second. Detonation combustion exhibits less entropy increase and a higher efficiency in converting chemical energy into mechanical energy. The detonation wave generated by rotating detonation combustion (a combustion mode coupling shock wave and flame (chemical reaction) with a fast chemical reaction rate, flame propagation speed exceeding 1000+ km / s, and the ability to generate extremely high pressure and temperature; the extremely high gas pressure (greater than 1.5–5.5 MPa) and extremely high gas temperature (greater than 2800 K) generated by the detonation wave cause periodic high pressure within a 700° annular detonation combustion channel, with vibration acceleration more than a hundred times that of conventional combustion)

[0033] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the vibration generating device 500 is located on the side of the common wall 130 facing the receiving cavity 110; the electrostatic supply device 700 is configured as an electrostatic power source; the elastic pressing device 300 is an air bladder, which applies a certain pressure to the fuel (the pressure range is set relatively wide) to make the fuel adhere tightly to the vibrating orifice plate; as shown... Figure 1 As shown, the pressure detection device 400 is a pressure sensor, which is located in the airbag and is configured to detect the gas pressure inside the airbag.

[0034] The main body 100 can be a single entity; or it can include multiple entities 100, with one of the two output electrodes (i.e., the positive and negative electrodes) of the electrostatic supply device 700 electrically connected to a portion of the electrode layer 150, and the other electrically connected to another portion of the electrode layer 150. Multiple entities 100 can be two, three, or four entities 100, etc., all of which can achieve the purpose of this application. Their intent does not depart from the design concept of this invention, and will not be elaborated further here; all should fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0035] In some embodiments, the diameter of the discharge hole 140 is set to be no greater than 1 mm. For example, the diameter of the discharge hole 140 may be 0.3 mm; or 0.5 mm; or 0.8 mm; or 1 mm, etc. All of the above can achieve the purpose of this application, and their intent does not depart from the design concept of this invention. Therefore, they will not be elaborated further here, and all should fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0036] In some exemplary embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the control device includes a control module 610 and an amplifier 620. The vibration generator 500 is electrically connected to the control module 610 through the amplifier 620, and the pressure detection device 400 is electrically connected to the control module 610.

[0037] The control module 610 outputs a first set electrical energy signal with a set frequency and set energy (such as set current, set voltage, or set power) to the amplifier 620 based on pressure data (which can be used to calculate the remaining fuel in the containment cavity 110) and the required fuel data A of the combustion chamber 120 (which can be based on a data table, etc.). The amplifier 620 amplifies the first set electrical energy signal to a second set electrical energy signal. The vibration generator 500 drives the common wall 130 to vibrate with a set amplitude and set frequency according to the second set electrical energy signal, so that the leakage amount of the leakage hole 140 meets the required fuel data A, thereby achieving precise control of the rotational detonation combustion of the solid powder fuel 200 in the combustion chamber 120. When the fuel undergoes rotational detonation combustion in the combustion chamber 120, the mixing ratio of oxygen and fuel is rationally proportioned according to requirements.

[0038] In some examples, such as Figure 1 As shown, the control device also includes a power supply module 630, which is electrically connected to the control module 610 and configured to supply power to the control module 610. The control module 610 then provides power to the amplifier 620 (the power is the first set power signal with set frequency and set energy).

[0039] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the vibration generating device 500 is a transducer configured to convert a second preset electrical energy signal into ultrasonic vibration. The ultrasonic vibration drives the common wall 130 to vibrate, thereby controlling the injection flow rate of fuel from the leakage hole 140. Multiple transducers are arranged on the side of the common wall 130 facing the receiving cavity 110, which allows for better control of the injection flow rate (injection flow rate is the leakage amount) of the leakage hole 140.

[0040] Of course, the fuel can also be a high-viscosity liquid fuel such as heavy oil, which can also achieve the purpose of this application. The purpose does not deviate from the design concept of this invention, and will not be elaborated here. It should also fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0041] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1As shown, the main body 100 includes an annular cavity and a central shaft 800. The inner ring of the annular cavity is a common wall 130. The central shaft 800 is installed in the inner ring of the annular cavity. An accommodation cavity 110 is formed inside the annular cavity, and a combustion chamber 120 is formed between the central shaft 800 and the inner ring of the annular cavity.

[0042] The rotary detonation engine proposed in an embodiment of the present invention (not shown in the figure) includes the fuel injector described in any of the above embodiments.

[0043] This rotary detonation engine has all the advantages of the fuel injector provided in any of the above embodiments, and will not be elaborated here.

[0044] Of course, it can also be that the fuel injector is applied to a kiln, an internal combustion engine, a ramjet engine, a turbine engine, etc., and the purpose of the present application can be achieved. Its gist does not depart from the design concept of the present invention, and will not be elaborated here, and all should fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0045] The aircraft proposed in an embodiment of the present invention (not shown in the figure) includes the rotary detonation engine described in any of the above embodiments.

[0046] This aircraft has all the advantages of the rotary detonation engine provided in any of the above embodiments, and will not be elaborated here.

[0047] In some embodiments, the aircraft is set as a rocket, a missile, etc., and the purpose of the present application can be achieved. Its gist does not depart from the design concept of the present invention, and will not be elaborated here, and all should fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0048] In summary, for the fuel injector provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the pressure detection device detects the pressure data of the elastic pressing device, and the control device controls the vibration generating device to drive the common wall to vibrate with a set amplitude and a set frequency according to the pressure data and the required fuel data of the combustion chamber, so that the leakage amount of the leakage hole meets the required fuel data. The fuel is set as solid powder fuel, and the solid powder fuel is fed into the combustion chamber from the leakage hole in a manner similar to injection according to the required fuel data of the combustion chamber. This solution realizes the precise control of the combustion of solid powder fuel by precisely controlling the feeding amount of solid powder fuel to the combustion chamber.

[0049] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "one side", "the other side", "one end", "the other end", "side", "opposite", "four corners", "perimeter", "the structure of the character 'kou'", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the structure referred to has a specific orientation, is constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention.

[0050] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "direct connection," "indirect connection," "fixed connection," "installation," and "assembly" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. The terms "installation," "connection," and "fixed connection" can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0051] While the embodiments disclosed in this invention are as described above, the content is merely for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make any modifications and changes to the form and details of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein; however, the scope of patent protection of this invention shall still be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fuel injector, characterized in that, include: The main body has an annular receiving cavity and an annular combustion chamber. The receiving cavity is located radially outside the combustion chamber. The receiving cavity and the combustion chamber have a common wall. The common wall has discharge holes distributed on it, and the discharge holes communicate with the receiving cavity and the combustion chamber. Both the fuel and the elastic pressing device are located within the receiving cavity, and the elastic pressing device presses the fuel against the common wall; A pressure detection device is configured to detect the pressure data of the elastic pressure device; A vibration generating device is disposed on the common wall and configured to drive the common wall to vibrate; and The control device is electrically connected to the pressure detection device and the vibration generating device, and is configured to control the vibration generating device to drive the common wall to vibrate with a set amplitude and a set frequency according to the pressure data and the fuel demand data of the combustion chamber, so that the leakage amount of the leakage hole meets the fuel demand data.

2. The fuel injector according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: An electrostatic supply device is provided, wherein the common wall is provided with an electrode layer, the electrostatic supply device is electrically connected to the electrode layer, and is configured to supply power to the electrode layer so that the electrode layer forms an electrostatic layer.

3. The fuel injector according to claim 2, characterized in that, The electrode layer is located on the side of the common wall facing the combustion chamber.

4. The fuel injector according to claim 2, characterized in that, The electrostatic supply device is an electrostatic power source.

5. The fuel injector according to claim 2, characterized in that, The main body includes multiple components, and one of the two output electrodes of the electrostatic supply device is electrically connected to a portion of the electrode layer, while the other is electrically connected to another portion of the electrode layer.

6. The fuel injector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration generating device is located on the side of the common wall facing the receiving cavity.

7. The fuel injector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the material leakage hole is no greater than 1 mm.

8. The fuel injector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration generating device is a transducer, the elastic pressing device is an airbag, and the fuel is solid powder fuel.

9. The fuel injector according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The control device includes a control module and an amplifier. The vibration generating device is electrically connected to the control module through the amplifier, and the pressure detection device is electrically connected to the control module. The control module is configured to output a first set electrical energy signal with a set frequency and a set energy to the amplifier based on the pressure data and the fuel demand data of the combustion chamber. The amplifier is used to amplify the first set electrical energy signal to a second set electrical energy signal. The vibration generating device is configured to drive the common wall to vibrate with a set amplitude and a set frequency based on the second set electrical energy signal, so that the leakage amount of the leakage hole meets the fuel demand data.

10. The fuel injector according to claim 9, characterized in that, The control device further includes a power supply module, which is electrically connected to the control module and configured to supply power to the control module.

11. A rotary detonation engine, characterized in that, Includes the fuel injector as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. An aircraft, characterized in that, Including the rotary detonation engine as described in claim 11.

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