A multi-field integrated monitoring system and method for reservoir landslide drawdown zone

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multi-field integrated monitoring system and method for a reservoir landslide drawdown zone, comprising a base station, a mobile station, several slope surface multi-field integrated sensing units, and a server; the base station is used to provide a fixed base coordinate, and the mobile station transmits a multi-frequency electromagnetic wave signal to the slope surface multi-field integrated sensing unit. The water depth and position information measured by the sensors of the slope surface multi-field integrated sensing unit are combined with the electromagnetic wave signal information and the propagation distance and time to obtain the displacement information of the slope surface multi-field integrated sensing unit. The data is then transmitted to the mobile station, and the data is transmitted to the server via the mobile station to complete the monitoring of the reservoir landslide drawdown zone. The present invention can automatically carry out monitoring work, and the monitoring cycle runs through the entire stage of landslide deformation evolution, and can be widely used in deformation monitoring of landslide surfaces, drawdown zones, and underwater. Wireless multi-frequency electromagnetic technology realizes cross-medium displacement measurement from air to water, which is not affected by reflection, refraction, and scattering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of landslide geological disaster monitoring, in particular to a multi-field integrated monitoring system for a reservoir landslide drawdown zone. Background Art

[0002] Due to geological conditions, reservoir operation, and other factors, reservoir areas are prone to geological disasters. Landslides, the most common type of geological disaster, are widespread, numerous, and pose serious risks. The drawdown zone is a key location in the evolution of reservoir landslides. Due to the perennial fluctuations in reservoir water levels, it is strongly affected by water, accompanied by significant multi-field evolution characteristics and the presence of localized collapse. Developing a continuous, accurate, and effective method for monitoring multi-field characteristic information in the drawdown zone of reservoir landslides is the prerequisite and technical foundation for effective reservoir landslide prevention and control.

[0003] Due to its special location, the multi-field information monitoring method for the landslide drawdown zone of the reservoir faces many challenges in terms of reliability, accuracy, power supply, etc. On the one hand, reservoir regulation requires the multi-field information monitoring device in the drawdown zone to adapt to both air and deep underwater (up to 30m) monitoring conditions. The interference of water level fluctuations and the influence of corrosion and wave impact make it difficult for a large number of monitoring methods such as traditional wire displacement meters, distributed optical fibers, and the recently developed drone near-ground photography method to play a role. On the other hand, non-contact monitoring methods such as sonar and laser ranging have significant accuracy limitations due to reflection across the medium and scattering within the medium.

[0004] Therefore, in response to the current gap in multi-field information monitoring of reservoir landslide drawdown zones, a multi-field integrated monitoring system that can adapt to the requirements of large deformation, long endurance, high precision, and high reliability in underwater monitoring environments is developed. This can provide new monitoring means and prediction methods for reservoir landslide prevention and control, and has very important engineering application value and scientific theoretical significance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a multi-field integrated monitoring system and method for a reservoir landslide drawdown zone, wherein the system includes:

[0006] Two water monitoring stations, several slope meter multi-field integrated sensing units, and servers;

[0007] The multi-field integrated sensing unit includes: a housing device, a control panel, a water pressure and water temperature sensor, a cable sealing and clamping device, a signal receiving device, a three-axis acceleration sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, and related circuits;

[0008] The signal receiving device includes a signal receiving antenna and a signal processing module;

[0009] The two water monitoring stations include a reference station and a mobile station;

[0010] The base station is equipped with a GNSS device, a solar power generation device, and a 5G module. It is located outside the landslide boundary and is used to obtain the reference position of the landslide deformation monitoring data.

[0011] The mobile station is equipped with a GNSS device, an electromagnetic wave transmitter, a solar power generation device, a 5G module and a CAN receiver module, and is deployed at a location near the water on the landslide surface and above the highest water level of the reservoir to obtain position information of the multi-field integrated sensing unit on the slope surface;

[0012] The GNSS device of the base station is used to obtain the geographic coordinate information of the base station as a fixed reference coordinate to establish a relative coordinate system;

[0013] The GNSS device of the mobile station is used to obtain the geographical coordinate information of the mobile station and establish the relative position in the coordinate system established based on the reference station;

[0014] The solar power generation devices at the base station and mobile station provide power to the system;

[0015] The 5G module of the base station is used to transmit the location information of the base station to the server and mobile station;

[0016] The 5G module of the mobile station is used to receive the location information of the base station sent by the 5G module of the base station, and transmit all sensor data and location data to the server;

[0017] The control panel, temperature and humidity sensor, triaxial acceleration sensor, and signal processing module of the signal receiving device are sealed inside the housing device; the water pressure and water temperature sensor is used to measure water depth and water temperature, as well as surge impact pressure;

[0018] The cable sealing and clamping device is used to prevent water or mud from entering the housing, and to prevent the waterproof performance of the device from being damaged when the cable is dragged;

[0019] The signal receiving antenna is used to receive electromagnetic wave signals sent by the mobile station;

[0020] The control board is used to process the signals detected by the multi-field integrated sensing unit of the slope meter and the electromagnetic wave signals received;

[0021] The three-axis acceleration sensor is used to measure the position change of the multi-field sensing unit;

[0022] The temperature and humidity sensor is used to monitor the temperature and humidity changes in the housing, and then determine whether water has entered the housing. When the humidity exceeds a certain value, an alarm message is issued and the power supply in the housing is immediately disconnected to protect the circuit;

[0023] The related circuit provides a standard power supply to the sensor and circuit, isolates the input power supply and the output power supply to reduce the measurement error caused by power supply fluctuations, and is connected to the three-axis acceleration sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, water pressure and temperature sensor and signal receiving device to obtain monitoring data and transmit the monitoring data to the mobile station through the CAN bus.

[0024] Furthermore, the electromagnetic wave transmitting device includes a radio frequency signal generator, a radio frequency amplification module and an antenna, wherein the radio frequency signal generator is used to generate an electromagnetic wave signal with continuously adjustable frequency, and the radio frequency amplification module amplifies the power of the electromagnetic wave signal generated by the radio frequency signal generator and transmits it through the antenna.

[0025] Furthermore, the signal processing module includes: an orthogonal demodulation unit, a radio frequency amplification unit, a high-pass filter, and a receiving antenna SMA interface.

[0026] Furthermore, the propagation time of the electromagnetic wave signal is:

[0027]

[0028] Among them, fre is the signal frequency, num is the number of electromagnetic wave cycles of the corresponding frequency, is the phase difference of the corresponding frequency, t1 is the time it takes for the electromagnetic wave signal to propagate underwater, and t2 is the time it takes for the electromagnetic wave signal to propagate in the air;

[0029]

[0030] l2=c×t2 (3)

[0031]

[0032] Wherein, l1 and l2 are the underwater and surface lengths of the line connecting the electromagnetic wave transmitting device of the mobile station and the signal receiving device of one of the multi-field integrated sensing units Q, respectively; h1 and h2 are the underwater and surface lengths of the vertical distance between the electromagnetic wave transmitting device of the mobile station and the signal receiving device of one of the multi-field integrated sensing units Q, respectively; c is the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave signal in the air, ε r is the relative dielectric constant of electromagnetic wave signal in water;

[0033] Combining formulas (2), (3) and (4), we get:

[0034]

[0035] After obtaining h1 and h2, we can get the proportional relationship between t1 and t2;

[0036] When the multi-field integrated sensing unit Q undergoes displacement changes, the propagation time difference of the electromagnetic wave signal is:

[0037]

[0038] Wherein, Δt1 is the time difference of electromagnetic wave signal propagation underwater, Δt2 is the time difference of electromagnetic wave signal propagation in air, and Δφ is the phase difference between two measurements of electromagnetic wave signal before and after the displacement change of multi-field integrated sensing unit Q. Substitute formula (5) into formula (6) to calculate Δt1 and Δt2 respectively;

[0039] The distance moved by the multi-field integrated sensing unit Q is:

[0040]

[0041] Combined with the position change data of the three-axis acceleration sensor, the sliding direction of the multi-field integrated sensing unit Q is obtained.

[0042] Furthermore, the signal frequency of the electromagnetic wave transmitting device is changed to obtain multiple sets of frequency-related phase parameters, and the accuracy of measuring the displacement of the multi-field integrated sensing unit is improved through calculation of multiple sets of data.

[0043] Furthermore, the housing device adopts a three-layer waterproof design.

[0044] Furthermore, the water pressure and water temperature sensor is installed on the right side outside the shell, the cable sealing and clamping device is installed on the front side outside the shell, and the signal receiving device is installed on the top outside the shell.

[0045] A multi-field integrated monitoring method for reservoir landslide drawdown zone is also proposed, which is based on a multi-field integrated monitoring system for reservoir landslide drawdown zone and includes the following steps:

[0046] S1. Based on the preliminary on-site geological survey, determine the spatial distribution range of the slopes to be monitored and determine the specific monitoring locations of the water-related parts of the landslide;

[0047] S2. Write an address for each sensing unit to identify it, and arrange multiple integrated sensing units in the drawdown zone, with several above the highest water level, several below the lowest water level, and several between the lowest and highest water levels;

[0048] S3, connecting each multi-field integrated sensing unit to the mobile station via a cable for power supply and data communication;

[0049] S4. Use the temperature and humidity sensor to obtain the temperature and humidity data inside the housing. If the temperature and humidity exceed the threshold, disconnect the system power supply and send an alarm message to the mobile station. If not, proceed to the next step.

[0050] S5. Obtain position data of the multi-field integrated sensing unit through the base station and the mobile station of the water monitoring station, obtain position change data of each multi-field integrated sensing unit using a three-axis acceleration sensor, and obtain water depth and water temperature data as well as surge impact data using a water pressure and water temperature sensor;

[0051] S6: Send the data obtained in S5 and S4 to the mobile station, and then return to S4;

[0052] S7: The mobile station sends all the collected multi-field integrated sensing unit monitoring data to the server via the 5G network.

[0053] The beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution provided by the present invention are:

[0054] The multi-field integrated monitoring system for the landslide drawdown zone of a reservoir is composed of a base station, a mobile station and several slope surface multi-field integrated sensing units. The slope surface multi-field integrated sensing unit is used to detect monitoring data such as water depth, water temperature, water pressure, and surge impact, and feeds the data back to the mobile station. It also receives electromagnetic wave signals and self-measured position change data from the mobile station to confirm the position, and then obtains the mobile data of the slope surface multi-field integrated sensing unit. The solution of the present invention can carry out monitoring work automatically all day and all year round without human intervention. The monitoring cycle runs through the entire stage of landslide deformation evolution and can be widely used for deformation monitoring of landslide surfaces, drawdown zones, and underwater. The use of wireless multi-frequency electromagnetic technology can realize cross-medium displacement measurement from air to water, which is not affected by reflection, refraction and scattering. The use of multiple frequency measurement methods can greatly ensure measurement accuracy. It has mature technology and reasonable design. It adopts a multi-channel waterproof and dustproof design and has good reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of a multi-field integrated monitoring system for a landslide drawdown zone in a reservoir and its surrounding environment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2 1 is an exploded schematic diagram of a multi-field integrated sensing unit structure from a side-front perspective according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of a multi-field integrated sensing unit structure from a side and rear perspective according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a housing according to an embodiment of the present invention, including the fixing of a circuit board potting box;

[0059] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the calculation principle of the moving distance of the multi-field integrated sensing unit under the reference coordinates of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 6It is a flow chart of a monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] In the figure: base station 1, mobile station 2, water level line 7, GNSS device 11, GNSS device 21, solar power supply device 12, solar power supply device 22, electromagnetic wave transmitting device 23, 5G module 14, 5G module 24, monitoring base 15, monitoring base 25, sliding body 3, sliding belt 4, sliding bed 5, multi-field integrated sensing unit 6, housing 601, copper pillar 602, PCB board 603, circuit board potting box 604, filter capacitor 605, DCDC module 606, PCB connector 607, potting box baffle 608, transparent acrylic baffle 609, sealing gasket 610, sealing cover 611, sealing ring 612, locking Screw 613, temperature and humidity sensor 614, MCU unit 615, triaxial acceleration sensor 616, adjustable gain unit 617, orthogonal demodulation unit 618, RF amplification unit 619, high-pass filter 620, receiving antenna SMA interface 621, signal receiving antenna 622, locking nut 623, sealing ring 624, water depth and temperature sensor 625, pressing nut 626, pressing chuck 627, sealing ring 628, threaded adapter 629, sealing gasket 630, sealing ring 631, spring plunger 632, pressing nut 633, clamping disk 634, locking nut 635, locking screw 641, sealing gasket 640. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0063] The present embodiment is a multi-field integrated monitoring system for landslide drawdown zone of a reservoir, and its system layout and surrounding environment schematic diagram are shown as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes: two water monitoring stations, several slope meter multi-field integrated sensing units, and a server.

[0064] The multi-field integrated sensing unit 6 includes: a housing device, a control board 603, a water pressure and temperature sensor 625, a cable sealing and clamping device, a signal receiving device, a triaxial acceleration sensor 616, a temperature and humidity sensor 614, and related circuits. The two water monitoring stations include a base station 1 and a mobile station 2;

[0065] The signal receiving device includes a signal receiving antenna 622 and a signal processing module; the signal processing module includes: an orthogonal demodulation unit 618, a radio frequency amplification unit 619, a high-pass filter 620, and a receiving antenna SMA interface 621.

[0066] The base station is equipped with a GNSS device 11, a solar power generation device 12 and a 5G module 14, and is fixed outside the landslide boundary to provide a reference position for the multi-field integrated monitoring system of the reservoir landslide drawdown zone.

[0067] The mobile station is equipped with a GNSS device 21, a solar power generation device 22, an electromagnetic wave transmitting device 23, a 5G module 24 and a CAN receiving module (not shown in the figure). It is deployed at a position near the water on the landslide surface and above the highest water level of the reservoir to obtain the position information of the multi-field integrated sensing unit on the slope surface.

[0068] The GNSS device 11 of the reference station is used to obtain the geographic coordinate information of the reference station as a fixed reference coordinate to establish a relative coordinate system, such as Figure 5 The coordinate zero point is shown.

[0069] The GNSS device 12 of the mobile station is used to obtain the geographical coordinate information of the mobile station and establish a relative position in the coordinate system established based on the reference station, such as Figure 5 Point P is shown.

[0070] The reference station solar power generation device 12 and the mobile station solar power generation device 22 provide power to the system.

[0071] The 5G module 14 of the reference station is used to transmit the location information of the reference station to the server and the mobile station.

[0072] The 5G module 24 of the mobile station is used to transmit all sensor data and all location data to the server for processing.

[0073] The electromagnetic wave transmitting device 23 includes a radio frequency signal generator, a radio frequency amplification module and an antenna, wherein the radio frequency signal generator is used to generate an electromagnetic wave signal with continuously adjustable frequency, and the radio frequency amplification module amplifies the power of the electromagnetic wave signal generated by the radio frequency signal generator and transmits it through the antenna.

[0074] The shell device adopts a three-layer waterproof design, refer to Figure 2 The housing assembly includes a housing 601, a transparent acrylic plate 609, a sealing gasket 610, a sealing cover 611, a locking screw 613, and a sealing ring 612. The transparent acrylic plate 609 is placed in a recessed groove on the left side of the housing. Silicone is injected into the gaps around the transparent acrylic plate 609 and the recessed groove on the left side of the housing as the first waterproofing design of the housing. A sealing gasket is installed at the opening on the left side of the housing as the second waterproofing design of the housing. Then, the sealing cover 611 is covered, and the sealing ring 612 is put on the locking screw 613 as the third waterproofing design. Finally, the locking screw 613 is tightened to tightly connect the housing cover and the lower housing.

[0075] The control board is sealed inside the housing device, refer to Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4. The control board has two parts: a PCB board 603 and an MCU unit 615. The control board is sealed and placed inside the shell device. The circuit board potting box 604 has three layers. The PCB board 603 is encapsulated between the bottom layer and the middle layer; the MCU unit 615 is encapsulated between the middle layer and the top layer. The three layers of the circuit board potting box 604 are connected at the four corners using copper pillars 602. The potting box baffle 608 is located at the bottom layer of the circuit board potting box 604 and is connected to the bottom layer of the circuit board potting box 604 using a spring plunger 632. Among them, the temperature and humidity sensor 614 and the three-axis acceleration sensor 616 are located on the same PCB board as the MCU unit 615. The adjustable gain unit 617, orthogonal demodulation unit 618, radio frequency amplification unit 619, and high-pass filter 620 of the signal receiving device are fixed above the top layer of the circuit board potting box 604. The above components are sealed inside the shell device.

[0076] The receiving antenna SMA interface 621 and the signal receiving antenna 622 are fixed to the top of the housing 601 using locking screws 641 and sealing gaskets 640. The water pressure and water temperature sensor 625 is fixed to the right side of the housing 601 using locking nuts 623 and sealing rings 624.

[0077] In front of the shell 601, there is a structure for compressing and fixing the structure inside the shell 601, which includes a clamping nut 626, a clamping chuck 627, a sealing ring 628, a threaded adapter 629, a sealing gasket 630, a sealing ring 631, a clamping nut 633, a clamping disc 634, and a locking nut 635.

[0078] The water pressure and water temperature sensor 625 is equipped with sealing rings on the inner and outer sides of its threads to prevent muddy water from entering the shell. It is used to measure water depth and water temperature, providing data for subsequent accurate displacement measurement.

[0079] A cable sealing and clamping device (not shown) is installed on the rear side of the housing 601 to prevent water or mud from entering the housing and to prevent the waterproof performance of the device from being damaged when the cable is dragged.

[0080] The signal receiving antenna 622 of the signal receiving device is used to receive the electromagnetic wave signal sent by the mobile station 2.

[0081] The control board is used to provide standard power to sensors and circuits, isolate input and output power to reduce measurement errors caused by power fluctuations, and process the signals detected by the multi-field integrated sensing unit 6 of the slope meter and the received electromagnetic wave signals.

[0082] The three-axis acceleration sensor 616 is used to measure the position change of the multi-field sensing unit.

[0083] The temperature and humidity sensor 614 is used to monitor the temperature and humidity changes in the housing, and then determine whether water has entered the housing. When the humidity exceeds a certain value, an alarm message is issued and the power supply in the housing is immediately disconnected to protect the circuit;

[0084] The relevant circuit provides a standard power supply to the sensor and circuit, isolates the input power supply and the output power supply to reduce the measurement error caused by power supply fluctuations, and is connected to the three-axis acceleration sensor 616, the temperature and humidity sensor 614, the water pressure and temperature sensor 625 and the signal receiving device to obtain monitoring data and transmit the monitoring data to the mobile station 2 through the CAN bus.

[0085] The working principle of the above-mentioned monitoring system is as follows: the base station 1 is provided with its own location information by the GNSS device 11 as the reference coordinate of the entire system. Its location information is uploaded to the server and the 5G module 24 of the mobile station 2 through the 5G module 14, and the solar power generation device 12 provides power for the base station 1.

[0086] The electromagnetic wave transmitter 23 of mobile station 2 transmits electromagnetic wave signals, which are received by the signal receiving antenna 622 of the signal receiving device of the multi-field integrated sensing unit 6. The electromagnetic wave signals are then processed by the signal receiving device's adjustable gain unit 617, orthogonal demodulation unit 618, radio frequency amplification unit 619, high-pass filter 620, and control board. The temperature and humidity sensor 614 measures the temperature and humidity inside the housing to detect water seepage. The water pressure and temperature sensor 625 provides water temperature and pressure data, which can be used to calculate the water depth. The triaxial acceleration sensor 616 provides location information for the multi-field integrated sensing unit 6. The CAN receiver module of mobile station 2 receives sensor data and electromagnetic wave signal information from the multi-field integrated sensing unit 6 via the relevant circuitry between the mobile station and the multi-field integrated sensing unit 6. The 5G module 24 of mobile station 2 uploads this information to the server.

[0087] The server calculates and monitors the received data.

[0088] The following example illustrates how to use the above information to calculate the moving distance of the multi-field integrated sensing unit. Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the movement distance calculation principle of the multi-field integrated sensing unit under the reference coordinates of an embodiment of the present invention. Reference station 1 (Ref) provides the origin position of the landslide monitoring system coordinates, where the points between point P and point Q are on the water level line.

[0089] The propagation time of the electromagnetic wave signal is:

[0090]

[0091] Among them, fre is the signal frequency, num is the number of electromagnetic wave cycles of the corresponding frequency, is the phase difference of the corresponding frequency, t1 is the time it takes for the electromagnetic wave signal to propagate underwater, and t2 is the time it takes for the electromagnetic wave signal to propagate in the air.

[0092]

[0093] l2=c×t2 (3)

[0094]

[0095] Wherein, l1 and l2 are respectively the underwater length and the above-water length of the straight-line distance between the electromagnetic wave transmitting device 23 of the mobile station 2 (P) and the signal receiving device of the multi-field integrated sensing unit 6 (Q); h1 and h2 are respectively the underwater length and the above-water length of the vertical distance between the electromagnetic wave transmitting device 23 of the mobile station 2 (P) and the signal receiving device of the multi-field integrated sensing unit 6 (Q); c is the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave signal in the air, ε r is the relative dielectric constant of electromagnetic wave signal in water.

[0096] Combining formulas (2), (3) and (4), we get:

[0097]

[0098] After obtaining h1 and h2, the proportional relationship between t1 and t2 is obtained.

[0099] When the multi-field integrated sensing unit Q changes in displacement, it shifts to Q', and the propagation time difference of the electromagnetic wave signal is:

[0100]

[0101] Wherein, Δt1 is the time difference of the electromagnetic wave signal propagating underwater, Δt2 is the time difference of the electromagnetic wave signal propagating in the air, and Δφ is the phase difference between two measurements of the electromagnetic wave signal before and after the displacement change of the multi-field integrated sensing unit Q. Substitute formula (5) into formula (6) to calculate Δt1 and Δt2 respectively.

[0102] The distance moved by the multi-field integrated sensing unit Q is:

[0103]

[0104] Combined with the position change data of the three-axis acceleration sensor, the sliding distance and direction of the multi-field integrated sensing unit Q are obtained.

[0105] The signal frequency fre of the electromagnetic transmitting device 13 is further changed to obtain multiple sets of phase parameters related to the frequency, and the accuracy of measuring the displacement of the multi-field integrated sensing unit is improved through calculation of multiple sets of data.

[0106] The embodiment of the present invention also proposes a multi-field integrated monitoring method for a reservoir landslide drawdown zone, which is based on the above-mentioned multi-field integrated monitoring system for a reservoir landslide drawdown zone. Figure 6 , including the following steps:

[0107] S1. Based on the preliminary on-site geological survey, determine the spatial distribution range of the slopes to be monitored and determine the specific monitoring locations of the water-related parts of the landslide.

[0108] Figure 1 In the figure, reference station 1 is fixed outside the landslide boundary, and monitoring foundation 15 is used to deploy the above-water monitoring reference station 1. Mobile station 2 is deployed on the landslide slope surface, near the water and above the highest reservoir water level. Monitoring foundation 25 is used to deploy the above-water monitoring mobile station 2. After confirming the position distribution of the sliding body 3, sliding belt 4, sliding bed 5, and water level line 7, multi-field integrated sensing units 6 are deployed. Multiple multi-field integrated sensing units 6 are distributed in a grid pattern on the reservoir bank slope and are fixed to the sliding body 3 using brackets or other auxiliary devices. The upper surfaces of the multi-field integrated sensing units 6 on the slope surface are close to or consistent with the position of the slope body.

[0109] S2. Write an address for each slope surface multi-field integrated sensing unit to mark it, and arrange the multi-field integrated sensing units in the drawdown zone, with several arranged above the highest water level, several arranged below the lowest water level, and several arranged in the middle position between the lowest and highest water levels. The specific number of slope surface multi-field integrated sensing units is set according to the detection distance and needs.

[0110] S3, connecting each multi-field integrated sensing unit to the mobile station via a cable for power supply and data communication;

[0111] S4. Use the temperature and humidity sensor to obtain the temperature and humidity data inside the housing. If the temperature and humidity exceed the threshold, disconnect the system power supply and send an alarm message to the mobile station. If not, proceed to the next step.

[0112] S5. Obtain position data of the multi-field integrated sensing unit through the base station and the mobile station of the water monitoring station, obtain position change data of each multi-field integrated sensing unit using a three-axis acceleration sensor, and obtain water depth and water temperature data as well as surge impact data using a water pressure and water temperature sensor;

[0113] S6: Send the data obtained in S5 and S4 to the mobile station, and then return to S4;

[0114] S7: The mobile station sends all the collected multi-field integrated sensing unit monitoring data to the server via the 5G network.

[0115] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A multi-field integrated monitoring system for landslide drawdown zones in reservoirs, characterized in that: It includes two water monitoring stations, several slope meter multi-field integrated sensing units, and servers; The multi-field integrated sensing unit includes: a housing device, a control panel, a water pressure and water temperature sensor, a cable sealing and clamping device, a signal receiving device, a three-axis acceleration sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, and related circuits; The signal receiving device includes a signal receiving antenna and a signal processing module; The two water monitoring stations include a reference station and a mobile station; The reference station is equipped with a GNSS device, a solar power generation device and a 5G module, and is fixed outside the landslide boundary to obtain a reference position for landslide deformation monitoring data; The mobile station is equipped with a GNSS device, an electromagnetic wave transmitter, a solar power generation device, a 5G module and a CAN receiver module, and is deployed at a location near the water on the landslide surface and above the highest water level of the reservoir to obtain position information of the multi-field integrated sensing unit on the slope surface; The GNSS device of the base station is used to obtain the geographic coordinate information of the base station as a fixed reference coordinate to establish a relative coordinate system; The GNSS device of the mobile station is used to obtain the geographical coordinate information of the mobile station and establish the relative position in the coordinate system established based on the reference station; The solar power generation devices at the base station and mobile station provide power to the system; The 5G module of the base station is used to transmit the location information of the base station to the server and mobile station; The 5G module of the mobile station is used to receive the location information of the base station sent by the 5G module of the base station, and transmit all sensor data and location data to the server; The control panel, temperature and humidity sensor, triaxial acceleration sensor, and signal processing module of the signal receiving device are sealed inside the housing device; the water pressure and water temperature sensor is used to measure water depth and water temperature, as well as surge impact pressure; The cable sealing and clamping device is used to prevent water or mud from entering the housing, and to prevent the waterproof performance of the device from being damaged when the cable is dragged; The signal receiving antenna is used to receive electromagnetic wave signals sent by the mobile station; The control board is used to process the signals detected by the multi-field integrated sensing unit of the slope meter and the electromagnetic wave signals received; The three-axis acceleration sensor is used to measure the position change of the multi-field sensing unit; The temperature and humidity sensor is used to monitor the temperature and humidity changes in the housing, and then determine whether water has entered the housing. When the humidity exceeds a certain value, an alarm message is issued and the power supply in the housing is immediately disconnected to protect the circuit; The related circuit provides a standard power supply to the sensor and circuit, isolates the input power supply and the output power supply to reduce the measurement error caused by power supply fluctuations, and is connected to the three-axis acceleration sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, water pressure and temperature sensor and signal receiving device to obtain monitoring data and transmit the monitoring data to the mobile station through the CAN bus.

2. A multi-field integrated monitoring system for landslide fluctuation zone of a reservoir according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic wave transmitting device includes a radio frequency signal generator, a radio frequency amplification module and an antenna, wherein the radio frequency signal generator is used to generate an electromagnetic wave signal with continuously adjustable frequency, and the radio frequency amplification module amplifies the power of the electromagnetic wave signal generated by the radio frequency signal generator and transmits it through the antenna.

3. The multi-field integrated monitoring system for landslide fluctuation zone of a reservoir according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The signal processing module includes: an orthogonal demodulation unit, a radio frequency amplification unit, a high-pass filter, and a receiving antenna SMA interface.

4. The multi-field integrated monitoring system for landslide fluctuation zone of a reservoir according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The propagation time of the electromagnetic wave signal is: Among them, fre is the signal frequency, num is the number of electromagnetic wave cycles of the corresponding frequency, is the phase difference of the corresponding frequency, t1 is the time it takes for the electromagnetic wave signal to propagate underwater, and t2 is the time it takes for the electromagnetic wave signal to propagate in the air; l2=c×t2 (3) Wherein, l1 and l2 are the underwater and surface lengths of the line connecting the electromagnetic wave transmitting device of the mobile station and the signal receiving device of one of the multi-field integrated sensing units Q, respectively; h1 and h2 are the underwater and surface lengths of the vertical distance between the electromagnetic wave transmitting device of the mobile station and the signal receiving device of the multi-field integrated sensing unit Q, respectively; c is the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave signal in the air, ε r is the relative dielectric constant of electromagnetic wave signal in water; Combining formulas (2), (3) and (4), we get: After obtaining h1 and h2, we can get the proportional relationship between t1 and t2; When the multi-field integrated sensing unit Q undergoes displacement changes, the propagation time difference of the electromagnetic wave signal is: Wherein, Δt1 is the time difference of electromagnetic wave signal propagation underwater, Δt2 is the time difference of electromagnetic wave signal propagation in air, and Δφ is the phase difference between two measurements of electromagnetic wave signal before and after the displacement change of multi-field integrated sensing unit Q. Substitute formula (5) into formula (6) to calculate Δt1 and Δt2 respectively; The distance moved by the multi-field integrated sensing unit Q is: Combined with the position change data of the three-axis acceleration sensor, the sliding direction of the multi-field integrated sensing unit Q is obtained.

5. A multi-field integrated monitoring system for reservoir landslide drawdown zone according to claim 4, characterized in that: By changing the signal frequency of the electromagnetic wave transmitting device, multiple sets of frequency-related phase parameters are obtained, and the accuracy of measuring the displacement of the multi-field integrated sensing unit is improved through calculation of multiple sets of data.

6. The multi-field integrated monitoring system for landslide fluctuation zone of a reservoir according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The housing device adopts a waterproof design.

7. The multi-field integrated monitoring system for landslide fluctuation zone of a reservoir according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water pressure and water temperature sensor is installed on the right side outside the shell, the cable sealing and clamping device is installed on the front side outside the shell, and the signal receiving device is installed on the top outside the shell.

8. A multi-field integrated monitoring method for a reservoir landslide drawdown zone, implemented based on a multi-field integrated monitoring system for a reservoir landslide drawdown zone according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Based on the preliminary on-site geological survey, determine the spatial distribution range of the slopes to be monitored and determine the specific monitoring locations of the water-related parts of the landslide; S2. Write an address for each sensing unit to identify it, and arrange multiple integrated sensing units in the drawdown zone, with several above the highest water level, several below the lowest water level, and several between the lowest and highest water levels; S3, connecting each multi-field integrated sensing unit to the mobile station via a cable for power supply and data communication; S4. Use the temperature and humidity sensor to obtain the temperature and humidity data inside the housing. If the temperature and humidity exceed the threshold, disconnect the system power supply and send an alarm message to the mobile station. If not, proceed to the next step. S5. Obtain position data of the multi-field integrated sensing unit through the base station and the mobile station of the water monitoring station, obtain position change data of each multi-field integrated sensing unit using a three-axis acceleration sensor, and obtain water depth and water temperature data as well as surge impact data using a water pressure and water temperature sensor; S6: Send the data obtained in S5 and S4 to the mobile station, and then return to S4; S7: The mobile station sends all the collected multi-field integrated sensing unit monitoring data to the server via the 5G network.

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