An olive cultivation method
Through the oil olive cultivation method of "integrated harvesting and shearing, and high yields in the next year", the problems of high-cost harvesting and annual results of oil olives are solved, and the cost reduction and efficiency improvement and high yield effects are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202311109118.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-08-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-05
- Estimated Expiration
- 2043-08-30
AI Technical Summary
The harvest and pruning of olive oil is high, and there is a large and annual result phenomenon, resulting in losses in the oil olive plantation.
The cultivation method of "piping and shearing is integrated, and the next year is abundant" is adopted, including pruning and harvesting fruits in fruits, renewing and removing ejaculation branches in the year, applying eloxazole, circulating operations, and fertilizing treatment in different seasons.
Significantly reduce pruning and harvesting costs, increase oil and olive production, improve economic benefits, reduce overall operating costs, and achieve bumper yields in the next year.
Smart Images
Figure CN116897760B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and in particular relates to an olive cultivation method. Background Art
[0002] Olives, also known as Olea europaea, are evergreen broadleaf trees of the genus Olea in the family Oleaceae. A world-renowned edible oil-bearing tree, olives thrive in climates characterized by warm, humid winters and dry, hot summers. Olive oil is a Mediterranean subtropical species with a high nutritional value and a refreshing aroma. It is rich in vitamins A, D, E, and K, and can reduce blood cholesterol, prevent liver lipid degradation, restore digestive function, purify the gallbladder, relax the sphincter, and reduce the incidence of arteriosclerosis and myocardial infarction.
[0003] Olive trees are tall, with numerous branches, and their fruits are small and scattered. After fruiting, branches wither and require rejuvenation before they can bloom and set fruit again, resulting in a significant phenomenon of alternate bearing years. Harvesting and pruning costs are high, especially in off-year years, often resulting in losses for olive plantations. Therefore, increasing olive yields, reducing harvesting and pruning costs, and achieving cost savings and increased efficiency have become urgent challenges in olive cultivation. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an olive cultivation method, which can increase the yield of olives and increase the economic benefits of olives by implementing a "harvesting and pruning in one, high yield every other year" cultivation method for olives, and can effectively solve the problems of high olive harvesting costs and prominent alternate-year fruiting phenomenon.
[0005] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0006] An olive cultivation method comprises pruning all fruit-bearing branches with ripe fruits from mid-September to mid-November of a fruit-bearing year, collecting fruits from the pruned fruit-bearing branches, and completing pruning and harvesting at one time.
[0007] The year following the fruiting year is the renewal year, and from late February of the renewal year to early February of the fruiting year, the sprouts that hinder the growth of the extension branches of the main trunk or main branches are removed, and uniconazole is applied; no harvest is done in the renewal year;
[0008] The year following the update year is the result year, and the above operation for the result year is repeated;
[0009] Repeat the above operation of result year - update year in a loop.
[0010] Preferably, the method further includes fertilizing after pruning and harvesting from mid-February to early March of the fruit-bearing year and from mid-September to mid-November of the fruit-bearing year.
[0011] Further preferably, from mid-February to early March of the fruit-bearing year, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer with a ratio of 15-16:15-16:15-16 per plant is applied, and from mid-September to mid-November of the fruit-bearing year, after pruning and harvesting, a compound fertilizer mainly composed of nitrogen fertilizer and taking phosphorus and potassium into consideration is applied from mid-September to mid-November of the fruit-bearing year at a ratio of 17-18:8-10:13-15 per plant.
[0012] Preferably, the method further comprises fertilizing from mid-February to early March, early June to late August, and early September to late November in the renewal year.
[0013] It is further preferred that from mid-February to early March of the renewal year, a compound fertilizer mainly composed of nitrogen fertilizer and taking into account phosphorus and potassium is applied in a ratio of 17-18:8-10:13-15 per plant; and from early June to late August and early September to late November of the renewal year, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer is applied in a ratio of 15-16:15-16:15-16 per plant.
[0014] Preferably, when applying the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced fertilizer, 8 to 10 kg is applied to trees under 10 years old, and 10 to 15 kg is applied to trees over 10 years old.
[0015] Preferably, the concentration of uniconazole is 1-3‰, and the dosage is 50-60 L / mu.
[0016] Preferably, the application method of uniconazole includes spraying.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0018] (1) The method of the present invention of cutting off all the fruit-bearing branches that have matured fruits and then harvesting them between mid-September and mid-November of the fruit-bearing year can greatly save the cost of pruning and harvesting. At the same time, the cultivation method of "harvesting and pruning in one, high yield every other year" provided by the present invention can increase the yield of olives and reduce the cost of harvesting and pruning olives.
[0019] (2) Sprouting treatment from late February of the renewal year to early February of the fruiting year can prevent the dense growth of branches and avoid the phenomenon that the branches on the short branches cannot fully differentiate into flower buds. At the same time, it can alleviate the growth of fruit shoots, which is conducive to the growth of fruiting mother branches and avoid affecting the yield of olive.
[0020] (3) The cultivation method of the present invention reduces the cost of fertilization, the labor cost of picking olives, and the labor cost of pruning olives; that is, the method reduces the overall operating costs over two years and improves the overall cultivation benefits over two years. At the same time, the method can significantly increase the yield of olives, achieving a high yield every other year. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] Figure 1 It is a cycle diagram of the olive cultivation method of the present invention;
[0022] Figure 2 This is the olive fruiting picture in July of the fruiting year;
[0023] Figure 3 This is the olive fruiting picture in August of the fruiting year;
[0024] Figure 4 This is the olive fruiting picture in September of the fruiting year;
[0025] Figure 5 This is the olive fruiting chart from October to November of the fruiting year;
[0026] Figure 6 Diagram of the olive tree after pruning and harvest in the fruiting year;
[0027] Figure 7 To update the annual olive growth chart;
[0028] Figure 8 To update the olive tree growth chart in February of this year;
[0029] Figure 9 To update the olive tree growth chart in March of this year;
[0030] Figure 10 To update the annual olive tree growth chart;
[0031] Figure 11 This is an updated olive fruiting chart. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] The present invention provides an olive cultivation method, which comprises pruning all the fruit-bearing branches with mature fruits from mid-September to mid-November of the fruit-bearing year, collecting the fruits from the pruned fruit-bearing branches, and completing pruning and harvesting at one time.
[0033] The year following the fruiting year is the renewal year, and from late February of the renewal year to early February of the fruiting year, the sprouts that hinder the growth of the extension branches of the main trunk or main branches are removed, and uniconazole is applied; no harvest is done in the renewal year;
[0034] The year following the update year is the result year, and the above operation for the result year is repeated;
[0035] Repeat the above operation of result year - update year in a loop.
[0036] In the present invention, the concentration of uniconazole is preferably 1-3‰, more preferably 2‰; the dosage of uniconazole is preferably 50-60 L / mu, more preferably 52-58 L / mu, and even more preferably 55 L / mu.
[0037] In the present invention, the olive cultivation method preferably further comprises fertilizing after pruning and harvesting in mid-February to early March of the fruiting year and in mid-September to mid-November of the fruiting year. In mid-February to early March of the fruiting year, preferably, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer with a per-plant ratio of 15-16:15-16:15-16 is applied, and further preferably, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer with a per-plant ratio of 15.5:15.5:15.5 is applied; in mid-September to mid-November of the fruiting year, after pruning and harvesting, preferably, a compound fertilizer with nitrogen as the main fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium as the main fertilizer is applied in a ratio of 17-18:8-10:13-15 per-plant, and further preferably, a compound fertilizer with nitrogen as the main fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium as the main fertilizer is applied in a ratio of 17.5:9:14 per-plant.
[0038] In the present invention, the olive cultivation method preferably further comprises fertilizing from mid-February to early March, early June to late August, and early September to late November of the renewal year. From mid-February to early March of the renewal year, a compound fertilizer mainly composed of nitrogen fertilizer and taking into account phosphorus and potassium is preferably applied at a ratio of 17-18:8-10:13-15 per plant, and a compound fertilizer mainly composed of nitrogen fertilizer and taking into account phosphorus and potassium is further preferably applied at a ratio of 17.5:9:14 per plant; from early June to late August and early September to late November of the renewal year, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer is preferably applied at a ratio of 15-16:15-16:15-16 per plant, and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer is further preferably applied at a ratio of 15.5:15.5:15.5 per plant.
[0039] In the present invention, when applying the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced fertilizer, it is preferred to apply 8 to 10 kg to trees under 10 years old, and 10 to 15 kg to trees over 10 years old; it is further preferred to apply 8.5 to 9.5 kg to trees under 10 years old, and 12 to 14 kg to trees over 10 years old; it is further preferred to apply 9 kg to trees under 10 years old, and 13 kg to trees over 10 years old.
[0040] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0041] Example 1
[0042] (1) From mid-February to early March of the fruiting year, apply a balanced fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at a ratio of 15.5:15.5:15.5 per plant. For trees under 10 years old, apply 8 kg; for trees over 10 years old, apply 10 kg.
[0043] (2) Between mid-September and mid-November of the fruiting year, all fruit-bearing branches with mature fruits should be pruned off, and fruits should be collected from the pruned fruit-bearing branches, so that pruning and harvesting can be completed at one time; and after pruning and harvesting, a compound fertilizer with nitrogen as the main fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium as the auxiliary fertilizer should be applied to each plant at a ratio of 17.5:9:14, of which 8 kg should be applied to trees under 10 years old, and 10 kg should be applied to trees over 10 years old;
[0044] (3) From mid-February to early March of the renewal year, apply a nitrogen-based compound fertilizer with phosphorus and potassium as the main fertilizer at a ratio of 17.5:9:14 per plant. From early June to late August and early September to late November of the renewal year, apply a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer with a ratio of 15.5:15.5:15.5 per plant. For trees under 10 years old, apply 8 kg, and for trees over 10 years old, apply 10 kg.
[0045] (4) From late February of the renewal year to early February of the next fruiting year, remove the sprouts that hinder the growth of the main trunk or main branches, and apply 1‰ of 1% oxadiazole at a dosage of 40L / mu; no harvest is done in the renewal year.
[0046] Example 2
[0047] (1) From mid-February to early March of the fruiting year, apply a balanced fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 16:16:16 per plant. For trees under 10 years old, apply 10 kg, and for trees over 10 years old, apply 15 kg.
[0048] (2) Prune all fruit-bearing branches that have matured and collect the fruits from the pruned branches between mid-September and mid-November of the fruit-bearing year, so that pruning and harvesting can be completed at one time; and apply compound fertilizer with nitrogen as the main fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium as the auxiliary fertilizer in a ratio of 17:8:13 per plant after pruning and harvesting, wherein 10 kg is applied to trees under 10 years old and 15 kg is applied to trees over 10 years old;
[0049] (3) From mid-February to early March of the renewal year, apply a compound fertilizer with nitrogen as the main fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium as the auxiliary fertilizer at a ratio of 17:8:13 per plant. From early June to late August and early September to late November of the renewal year, apply a balanced fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at a ratio of 16:16:16 per plant. For trees under 10 years old, apply 10 kg, and for trees over 10 years old, apply 15 kg.
[0050] (4) From late February of the renewal year to early February of the next fruiting year, remove the sprouts that hinder the growth of the main trunk or main branches, and apply 2‰ of clofosamide at a dosage of 60L / mu; no harvest is done in the renewal year.
[0051] Example 3
[0052] (1) From mid-February to early March of the fruiting year, apply a balanced fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 15:15:15 per plant. For trees under 10 years old, apply 9 kg, and for trees over 10 years old, apply 13 kg.
[0053] (2) Between mid-September and mid-November of the fruiting year, all fruit-bearing branches with mature fruits should be pruned off, and fruits should be collected from the pruned fruit-bearing branches, so that pruning and harvesting can be completed at one time; and after pruning and harvesting, a compound fertilizer with nitrogen as the main fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium as the auxiliary fertilizer should be applied to each tree at a ratio of 18:10:15, of which 9 kg should be applied to trees under 10 years old, and 13 kg should be applied to trees over 10 years old;
[0054] (3) From mid-February to early March of the renewal year, apply a compound fertilizer with nitrogen as the main fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium as the auxiliary fertilizer at a ratio of 18:10:15 per plant. From early June to late August and early September to late November of the renewal year, apply a balanced fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at a ratio of 15:15:15 per plant. For trees under 10 years old, apply 9 kg, and for trees over 10 years old, apply 13 kg.
[0055] (4) From late February of the renewal year to early February of the next fruiting year, remove the sprouts that hinder the growth of the main trunk or main branches, and apply 3‰ of oxadiazole at a dosage of 50L / mu; no harvest is done in the renewal year.
[0056] Comparative Example 1
[0057] Olives were cultivated using conventional methods. For details, see Duan Wenli. Key Points of Olive Cultivation Technology [J]. Southern Agriculture, 2021, 15(02): 44-45. DOI: 10.19415 / j.cnki.1673-890x.2021.02.020.
[0058] Comparative test
[0059] The method of Example 3 was used to cultivate 10-year-old Foao Yimu in Yunnan, and the method of Comparative Example 1 was used as a control to analyze the effects of different cultivation methods on Foao yield and economic benefits. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0060] Table 1 Output and economic benefits of Foao
[0061]
[0062] Note: Total input (yuan / plant) = fertilizer input + pruning input + soil and water pest management input + harvesting input;
[0063] Cost (yuan / kg) = total input / average output;
[0064] Benefit analysis = (cost of comparative example 1 - cost of embodiment 3) / cost of comparative example 1
[0065] It can be seen from the above examples that the cultivation method provided by the present invention can significantly increase the yield of olive while reducing the planting cost, thus having the effect of reducing costs and increasing efficiency.
[0066] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for cultivating olives, characterized in that: From mid-September to mid-November of the fruiting year, all fruit-bearing branches with mature fruits are cut off, and fruits are collected from the pruned fruiting branches, so that pruning and harvesting are completed in one go; the year following the fruiting year is the renewal year, and from late February to early February of the renewal year, sprouts that hinder the growth of extension branches of the main trunk or main branches are removed, and uniconazole is applied; no harvest is made in the renewal year; the year following the renewal year is the fruiting year, and the above-mentioned operation of the fruiting year is repeated; and the above-mentioned operation of the fruiting year-renewal year is repeated in a cycle; From mid-February to early March of the fruiting year, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer with a ratio of 15-16:15-16:15-16 per plant is applied; from mid-September to mid-November of the fruiting year, after pruning and harvesting, a compound fertilizer mainly composed of nitrogen fertilizer and taking phosphorus and potassium into consideration is applied with a ratio of 17-18:8-10:13-15 per plant; From mid-February to early March of the renewal year, a compound fertilizer mainly composed of nitrogen fertilizer and taking into account phosphorus and potassium is applied at a ratio of 17-18:8-10:13-15 per plant; from early June to late August and early September to late November of the renewal year, a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced fertilizer is applied at a ratio of 15-16:15-16:15-16 per plant; The use concentration of the uniconazole is 1-3‰, and the dosage is 50-60 L / mu.
2. The olive cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein It also includes fertilization after pruning and harvesting from mid-February to early March of the fruiting year and from mid-September to mid-November of the fruiting year.
3. The olive cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein When applying the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced fertilizer, 8 to 10 kg is applied to trees under 10 years old, and 10 to 15 kg is applied to trees over 10 years old.
4. The olive cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein The application method of uniconazole includes spraying.