A refined construction method for transplanting large-scale Yunnan elm trees in barren soil during the dry season

Abstract

The present invention discloses a refined construction method for transplanting large-scale Yunnan kiwifruit in barren soil during the dry season with full crowns, including S1, transplant preparation, S2, fixed point, line laying, S3, barren soil improvement, S4, planting hole treatment, S5, excavation and packaging, S6, hoisting and transportation, S7, transplanting and planting, S8, weir support and S9, maintenance and survival. The present invention adopts refined construction management and rapid planting construction technology, without the need for transplantation and early root removal, greatly shortening the root removal cycle of deep-rooted tree species and improving transplant efficiency; when the soil of the transplanting site is barren, the present invention improves the soil characteristics of the planting site so that the soil characteristics of the transplanting site are similar to those of the native site, and at the same time treats the planting hole to kill bacteria and weed seeds and increase base fertilizer, effectively improving the transplant survival rate to more than 95%; the present invention adopts the method of full crown transplantation, and the crown of the transplanted Yunnan kiwifruit is complete, with high ornamental value, improved ecological environment, and good greening effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of garden greening construction, and in particular to a refined construction method for transplanting large-scale whole-crown kiwifruit in poor soil during the dry season. Background Art

[0002] Yunnan kiwi is a native tree species and one of Yunnan's most valuable species. It is widely used in landscaping for its tall stature, beautiful shape, broad crown, and rich shade. A deep-rooted deciduous tree with a diameter at breast height of 16-25 cm, it typically stands 15-20 meters tall, with a crown width exceeding 20 meters. It is a typical large-scale seedling, light-loving, slightly shade-tolerant, and prefers warm climates and fertile, moist soil. It is resistant to smoke, dust, and toxic gases.

[0003] Transplanting large-scale seedlings in gardens is a crucial component of urban landscaping and the comprehensive improvement of urban water environments. In recent years, with the vigorous development of urban ecological environments, the shortened urban greening construction period, and the need to quickly create beautiful landscapes, transplant requirements have gradually increased. Conventional transplanting techniques for large-scale seedlings mainly include bare-root transplanting, soil planting, and full-crown transplanting. Full-crown transplanting, which involves thinning out overcrowded inner branches and some small twigs while maintaining the original tree shape, is highly favored in landscaping due to its advantages in rapidly optimizing urban green space structure, promoting the early formation of the urban ecological environment, improving the urban landscape, and increasing the ecological benefits of urban green spaces in the short term. However, full-crown transplanting violates the objective laws of plant growth. Due to the severe imbalance in the ratio of retained roots to crown, the water absorption of the roots cannot effectively meet the water loss from crown transpiration, which directly affects the survival rate of transplanted seedlings. Furthermore, the special maintenance measures for full-crown transplanting increase economic costs. Summer maintenance measures are particularly crucial after the first year after transplanting. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a refined construction method for transplanting large-scale Yunnan elm trees in poor soil during the dry season.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a refined construction method for transplanting large-scale Yunnan elm trees in poor soil during the dry season, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Transplantation Preparation: Before transplanting, determine the optimal soil ball size. Select a Yunnan elm with strong branches, a full crown, evenly distributed main body, and no obvious pests, diseases, or mechanical damage. For full crown transplants, only prune branches that are diseased, insect-infested, dead, or that may affect the transplant.

[0007] S2. Locating and laying out: Use the natural arrangement method to determine the location and lay out the lines. Draw squares on the design drawing and on site according to the density of the plant arrangement. Use a ruler to measure the vertical and horizontal coordinates of the Yunnan maple tree in the squares on the drawing. Then use a tape measure to measure the corresponding coordinates on site.

[0008] S3. Improvement of Barren Soil: When the transplant site is barren or the soil fertility of the planting site is poor, measure the soil characteristics of the original site and the planting site, and improve the soil of the transplant site based on the measurement results to make the soil characteristics of the two sites similar;

[0009] S4. Planting hole preparation: The planting hole should be round or square with vertical walls. After digging, spray fungicides and insecticides inside the hole. Mix planting soil and waste leaves in a volume ratio of 1:3 and spread it in the planting hole to a thickness of not less than 15 cm. Mix base fertilizer and planting soil in a volume ratio of 1:1 and spread it in the planting hole to a thickness of not less than 5 cm.

[0010] S5. Excavation and packaging: 1-2 days before transplanting, check the soil dryness and wetness and prepare the digging tools. When the diameter at breast height of the tree to be transplanted is 20-25 cm, use the soil ball excavation method and soft packing. When the diameter at breast height of the tree to be transplanted is greater than 25 cm, use the soil platform excavation method and use box board packaging.

[0011] S6. Hoisting and transportation: Use a crane to lift the trees, and then transport them to the planting site by car;

[0012] S7. Transplanting and planting: Apply base fertilizer at the bottom of the dug planting hole, mix well-rotted organic fertilizer with soil, and use the soil to form a small mound 10 cm high. When lifting the tree for planting, try to keep the tree upright without affecting the crane's lifting arm. After determining the planting direction, gently lower the tree into the hole and use manual labor to stabilize the tree. Then, untie the lifting rope and packaging materials. After the tree is positioned, remove the straw rope and other packaging materials, and then evenly fill the hole with fine soil and tamp it layer by layer. When it is 1 / 3 full, use the rope on the trunk to manually adjust the tree so that it is perpendicular to the ground. Then, backfill and tamp the planting hole until it is full.

[0013] S8. Weir support: After planting, build a 15-20cm high irrigation cofferdam around the tree. The inner edge of the cofferdam should be slightly larger than the tree hole and groove by about 10cm. Use fine soil to build the weir. Evenly set four pillars around the trunk and fix them to the tree with cross pillars at the top.

[0014] S9. Maintenance and survival: Maintain the transplanted Yunnan elm to ensure its normal growth, and conduct a comprehensive inspection after irrigation and heavy rain; fill in the soil when the tree sinks and lacks soil; rake the soil that is piled high to prevent deep burial that affects root development.

[0015] Furthermore, the calculation formula for the optimal size of the soil ball in S1 is:

[0016] D=J+K(d-3)

[0017] Where: D - diameter of soil ball;

[0018] J——constant 24;

[0019] K is a constant, which is 4 when the transplanted tree is an evergreen tree and 5 when the transplanted tree is a deciduous tree.

[0020] d——ground diameter of the trunk.

[0021] Furthermore, in S1, the roots are cut before transplanting, and after cutting the roots, the roots are soaked in 150 mg / L rooting powder for 2-3 minutes.

[0022] Furthermore, the improvement steps in S3 are as follows:

[0023] S3.1. Property survey: Investigate the soil properties of the transplanting site to understand the soil permeability, tillage layer thickness, tillage conditions, and nutrient status;

[0024] S3.2. Topsoil separation: Deeply plow vertically, remove the topsoil, crush large clods, remove debris and rocks, and cover with plastic sheeting to prevent soil loss due to heavy rain.

[0025] S3.3, Base treatment: Lay a 20cm thick layer of clay isolation soil below the planting base, apply organic fertilizer, soil moisturizer, soil loosening agent and sand fixation agent to improve soil structure;

[0026] S3.4, soil backfill: fill in medium and fine sand to improve water permeability and air permeability, then mix the stripped topsoil with the fertile soil transported from outside, backfill and level;

[0027] S3.5. Topsoil improvement: Add fertile topsoil about 25 cm thick on top of the prepared soil layer to ensure the quality of land preparation, and apply farmyard manure and ash fertilizer;

[0028] S3.6. Soil disinfection: Use fungicides to disinfect the soil to kill and inhibit weed seeds and harmful bacteria in the soil.

[0029] Furthermore, in S4, the side wall of the planting hole is at least 30 cm away from the soil ball, and the depth of the planting hole is 10-20 cm deeper than the height of the soil ball.

[0030] Furthermore, in S5, the soil ball excavation method includes the following steps:

[0031] S5.1.1 Before excavation, support the dianpu tree to be excavated with pillars;

[0032] S5.1.2. Soak the cattail bag, cattail bag pieces, and straw rope in water;

[0033] S5.1.3 Before excavation, draw a circle of the specified dimensions with the trunk as the center. Dig a 60-80 cm trench outside the circle to the specified depth. Remove the topsoil first, then dig down to the surface roots. When digging, cut off any thick roots with a saw and then flatten them. Do not use hard shovels to avoid loosening the roots.

[0034] S5.1.4. Use a milling machine to trim the soil around the tree roots into a truncated conical ball with a larger top and smaller bottom. The bottom of the ball should be 1 / 3 of the diameter of the ball. When trimming the bottom, cut off any thick roots.

[0035] S5.1.5. Wrap the soil ball tightly around its waist with soaked straw rope. Dig a 5-6 cm wide trench inward from the bottom of the soil ball.

[0036] S5.1.6. Wrap the soil ball tightly with cattail bags and cattail sheets, then wrap and secure it with straw rope;

[0037] S5.1.7 When packing, tighten the rope and beat it as you go. Use a double or four-strand rope, starting from the tree trunk, and wind it from the top down to the bottom of the soil ball along the bottom groove, then return to the top of the soil ball from the other side, and then wrap it around the tree trunk in a clockwise direction. Start with a double or four-strand rope, with the second layer embossed with the first layer;

[0038] S5.1.8. Wrap a 20-30cm long rope horizontally around the soil ball. Once the rope is wrapped, tighten it with ropes above and below.

[0039] S5.1.9. After packing, push the Yunnan Pu tree down in the predetermined direction and then wrap the bottom tightly with cattail leaves.

[0040] Furthermore, in S5, the soil platform excavation method includes the following steps:

[0041] S5.2.1. Before excavation, support the dianpu tree to be excavated with pillars;

[0042] S5.2.2, remove topsoil to a depth close to the topsoil roots;

[0043] S5.2.3. The soil platform should be larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, with the length of the bottom side being 1 / 10 less than that of the top side;

[0044] S5.2.4. Excavate around the soil platform and then place the box panels around the soil platform;

[0045] S5.2.5. Nail the box panels around the perimeter, then dig out the two sides of the bottom of the soil platform and install the bottom panels on both sides;

[0046] S5.2.6. Use short piles to support the four corners of the base and dig out the center of the base;

[0047] S5.2.7. All base plates and cover plates shall then be installed and supported by short piles and supports until transport.

[0048] Furthermore, in S6, the specific hoisting steps include:

[0049] S6.1. Prepare the hemp rope and template before lifting. When lifting, tie one end of the double hemp rope to secure it. Then separate the two strands of hemp rope and tie them around the soil ball 3 / 5 of the way from top to bottom. Tie them tightly and then buckle the other end of the rope onto the hook.

[0050] S6.2. Place a wooden plank where the hemp rope meets the soil ball. After gently lifting the tree, place one end of the neck rope around the base of the trunk and then attach the other end to the hook to begin lifting and loading.

[0051] S6.3 When loading, place the tree crown toward the rear of the vehicle, with the root clod against the cab, and place a bakelite board under the clod. Then, clamp the clod with wooden boards or tie it to both sides of the vehicle with ropes.

[0052] S6.4. Cover the base of the Chinese magnolia tree with straw bags, place soft material where the trunk meets the cart board, and secure with ropes.

[0053] S6.5. For long-distance transportation, covered vehicles must be used. Stopping time must be reduced and regular stops must be made to water the trees.

[0054] Furthermore, in S9, the specific steps of maintaining the plant alive include:

[0055] S9.1. Summer maintenance:

[0056] S9.1.1. Wrap tree trunks with straw rope to reduce the amount of radiation received by the trunks;

[0057] S9.1.2. Use spraying measures to increase trunk humidity and reduce crown temperature, thereby reducing crown transpiration.

[0058] S9.1.3. Irrigate the roots of the trees with a rooting agent by spraying the soil ball around the tree and irrigating the roots in a circular trench.

[0059] S9.1.4. Use nutrient solution for infusion, with water as the main component, and increase the amount of water that can be transported upwards by the vertical pole of the Yunnan Poplar.

[0060] S9.2, cold protection maintenance:

[0061] S9.2.1. At night or on snowy days, cover low trees with shade nets, securing them with bricks and stones. For tall trees, drive 3-4 stakes around the tree, surround it with shade nets, and then sew them together with string to form a tube. Cover the top of the tube with shade nets.

[0062] S9.2.2. Wrap straw rope around the trunk and branches of the tree, and wrap a 10-20 cm thin film strip around the rope from bottom to top.

[0063] S9.2.3. When the soil around trees is short of water in winter, water should be added to seal the soil before it freezes.

[0064] S9.2.4. Dig 3-4 holes 50-100 cm deep around the tree crown and add heat-generating fertilizers such as cow dung and grass clippings; add soil to the tree to cover the root collar.

[0065] Furthermore, it also includes disease and pest control, including clearing dead branches from trees and burning the cut branches, leaves and weeds in a centralized manner; using knives to scrape off the rough bark, warped bark and cracks of trees, and laying plastic sheets under the tree crowns before scraping to collect the scraped bark chips for centralized processing or burning.

[0066] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0067] (1) The present invention adopts a fast planting construction technology through refined construction management, eliminating the need for transplanting and early root removal, greatly shortening the root removal cycle of deep-rooted tree species and improving transplanting efficiency;

[0068] (2) When the soil of the transplanting site is poor, the present invention improves the soil characteristics of the planting site so that the soil characteristics of the transplanting site are similar to those of the original site, and simultaneously treats the planting holes to kill bacteria and weed seeds and increase base fertilizer, effectively increasing the transplant survival rate to more than 95%;

[0069] (3) The present invention adopts the method of full crown transplantation, and the transplanted Yunnan magnolia has a complete crown shape, high ornamental value, improves the ecological environment, and has a good greening effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0070] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of this application, are intended to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are intended to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0071] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0072] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0073] Large-sized seedlings include deciduous trees with a diameter at breast height of 10 to 25 cm, and evergreen trees with a height of 5 meters or more or a ground diameter of 15 cm or more that are cultivated in nurseries and need to be transplanted from their original growth sites. Deciduous trees with a diameter at breast height of 25 cm or more, and evergreen trees with a height of 8 meters or more are considered super-large seedlings.

[0074] Yunnan elm: Yunnan elm is a deciduous tree and one of Yunnan's most valuable species. Also known as the planing fruit tree, it is native to Yunnan. It is primarily distributed in the areas north of Fengqing, Yimen, and Kunming in Yunnan, and in southern Sichuan (Xichang).

[0075] Full crown transplantation: refers to a form of planting in which only the dense inner branches and some small branches are thinned out and then replanted while maintaining the original tree shape.

[0076] Diameter at breast height: refers to the average diameter of the trunk of the planted trees at 120 cm from the ground. The diameter at breast height of multi-trunk trees refers to the average diameter of each branch trunk at a height of 120 cm from the ground.

[0077] Ground diameter: refers specifically to the average diameter of the trunk 20 cm above the junction of the trunk and the soil ball of palm seedlings, some low-branched trees and shrubs, and single-stem shrubs (unit: cm).

[0078] Crown width refers to the diameter of the tree's crown in two perpendicular directions after treatment at planting (unit: m). Palm seedlings and characteristic landscape plants should maintain their full crown width in their natural state. The crown width of shrubs refers to the full foliage that maintains the tree's basic form. Only two or three individual branches extending outward are not included in the crown width.

[0079] Crown height: refers to the distance from the lowest branch point to the highest growth point at the top of the tree (unit: m).

[0080] Soil ball: refers to the average diameter of the minimum soil required to ensure the survival of transplanted seedlings and rapid resumption of growth.

[0081] like Figure 1 As shown, the refined construction method of the present invention for transplanting large-scale Yunnan elm trees in barren soil during the dry season includes the following steps:

[0082] S1. Transplantation preparation: Before transplantation, determine the optimal size of the soil ball, select Chinese poplar trees with strong branches, full crowns, even main body distribution, and no obvious diseases, insect pests, or mechanical damage. The site conditions should be such that lifting and transportation machinery and other equipment can work normally. The specifications and quality requirements of the Chinese poplar trees in the construction design should be met. After selecting the Chinese poplar trees for transplantation, make clear markings on the south side of the trunk to indicate the shaded and sunny sides of the tree and the emergence line. For full crown transplantation, only diseased and insect-infested branches, dead branches, and branches that affect the transplantation construction should be pruned. When pruning, the cuts must be smooth and the cross-sections should be minimized. When pruning branches over 2 cm, the cuts should be coated with preservatives and disinfectants to prevent corrosion, dryness, and promote healing.

[0083] S2. Positioning and laying out: Use the natural configuration method to determine the points and lines. According to the density of the plant arrangement, mark the grids on the design drawing and on site. Use a ruler to measure the vertical and horizontal coordinates of the Yunnan maple tree within the grids on the drawing. Then use a tape measure to measure the corresponding grids on site. For greening plantings without fixed points on the design drawing, the position and arrangement of each tree can be determined by visual inspection within the specified range according to the design requirements. When determining the points, pay attention to the ecological requirements of the plants and pay attention to their natural beauty. After the points are determined, use white lime to mark or stake, and mark the tree species, planting quantity, and pit diameter.

[0084] S3. Improvement of Barren Soil: When the transplant site is barren or the soil fertility of the planting site is poor, measure the soil characteristics of the original site and the planting site, and improve the soil of the transplant site based on the measurement results to make the soil characteristics of the two sites similar;

[0085] S4. Planting hole preparation: The planting hole should be round or square with vertical walls. After digging, spray fungicides and insecticides inside the hole. Mix planting soil and waste leaves in a volume ratio of 1:3 and spread it in the planting hole to a thickness of not less than 15 cm. Mix base fertilizer and planting soil in a volume ratio of 1:1 and spread it in the planting hole to a thickness of not less than 5 cm.

[0086] S5. Excavation and packaging: 1-2 days before transplanting, check the soil dryness and wetness, clean the environment around the large-sized Chinese poplars, find the crowns, and prepare the excavation tools; when the diameter at breast height of the trees to be transplanted is 20-25cm, use the soil ball excavation method and soft packing; when the diameter at breast height of the trees to be transplanted is greater than 25cm, use the soil platform excavation method and use box boards for packaging;

[0087] S6. Hoisting and transportation: Use a crane to lift the trees, and then transport them to the planting site by car;

[0088] S7. Transplanting and planting: Apply base fertilizer at the bottom of the dug planting hole first, mix the decomposed organic fertilizer with the soil, and use the soil to form a small mound 10 cm high; before planting and lifting, two long ropes should also be tied to the trunk so that the direction can be controlled manually during unloading and planting. When planting and lifting, the tree should be kept as upright as possible without affecting the crane's lifting arm; after determining the planting direction of the tree, gently drop the tree into the pit, use manual labor to stabilize the tree, and then untie the lifting ropes and packaging materials. After the tree is positioned, remove the straw ropes and other packaging materials, and then evenly fill with fine soil, tamp it layer by layer, and when it is filled to 1 / 3, use the ropes on the trunk to manually correct the tree so that it is perpendicular to the ground, and then backfill and tamp the planting hole until it is full; water the tree immediately after it is planted. The roots of large-sized Yunnan poplars will be damaged to varying degrees during transplantation. When planting, appropriate auxins can be used according to the specific situation to promote the growth of new roots and resume growth. Trees with broken soil balls or bare roots should also be planted by adding mud to the planting hole;

[0089] S8. Weir support: After planting, build a 15-20cm high irrigation cofferdam around the tree. The inner edge of the cofferdam should be slightly larger than the tree hole and groove by about 10cm. Use fine soil to build the weir. Evenly set four pillars around the trunk and fix them to the tree with cross pillars at the top.

[0090] S9. Maintenance and survival: Maintain the transplanted Yunnan elm to ensure its normal growth, and conduct a comprehensive inspection after irrigation and heavy rain; fill in the soil when the tree sinks and lacks soil; rake the soil that is piled high to prevent deep burial that affects root development.

[0091] In one embodiment, the calculation formula for the optimal size of the soil ball in S1 is:

[0092] D=J+K(d-3)

[0093] Where: D - diameter of soil ball;

[0094] J——constant 24;

[0095] K is a constant, which is 4 when the transplanted tree is an evergreen tree and 5 when the transplanted tree is a deciduous tree.

[0096] d——ground diameter of the trunk.

[0097] In one embodiment, in S1, the roots are cut off before transplantation, and after cutting the roots, they are soaked in 150 mg / L concentration of rooting powder for 2-3 minutes, and at the same time, the assembled prefabricated panels are inserted along the outer wall of the annular ditch.

[0098] In one embodiment, the improved steps in S3 are as follows:

[0099] S3.1. Property survey: Investigate the soil properties of the transplanting site to understand the soil permeability, tillage layer thickness, tillage conditions, and nutrient status;

[0100] S3.2. Topsoil separation: Deeply plow vertically, remove the topsoil, crush large clods, remove debris and rocks, and cover with plastic sheeting to prevent soil loss due to heavy rain.

[0101] S3.3. Base treatment: Lay a 20cm thick layer of clay isolation soil below the planting base. Apply organic fertilizer, soil moisturizer, soil loosening agent, and sand-fixing agent to improve soil structure. This will enhance water and fertilizer retention, control soil erosion within an acceptable range, and lay the foundation for soil improvement.

[0102] S3.4, soil backfill: fill in medium and fine sand to improve water permeability and air permeability, then mix the stripped surface soil with the fertile soil transported from outside, backfill and level;

[0103] S3.5. Topsoil Improvement: Add approximately 25 cm of fertile topsoil to the prepared soil layer to ensure the quality of the land preparation. Apply farmyard manure and ash fertilizer to increase soil organic matter content, loosen the soil, and improve soil permeability.

[0104] S3.6. Soil disinfection: Use fungicides to disinfect the soil to kill and inhibit weed seeds and harmful bacteria in the soil.

[0105] In one embodiment, in S4, the sidewall of the planting hole is at least 30 cm away from the soil ball, and the depth of the planting hole is 10-20 cm deeper than the height of the soil ball.

[0106] Preferably, after unpacking the packaging material, observe the tree root system and cut off the injured roots. It is important to make the wound surface smooth, then apply wood ash or spray with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution. This will help the wound heal and prevent root rot.

[0107] In one embodiment, in S5, the soil ball excavation method includes the following steps:

[0108] S5.1.1 Before excavation, support the dianpu tree to be excavated with pillars;

[0109] S5.1.2. Soak the cattail bag, cattail bag pieces, and straw rope in water;

[0110] S5.1.3 Before excavation, draw a circle of the specified dimensions with the trunk as the center. Dig a 60-80 cm trench outside the circle to the specified depth. Remove the topsoil first, then dig down to the surface roots. When digging, cut off any thick roots with a saw and then flatten them. Do not use hard shovels to avoid loosening the roots.

[0111] S5.1.4. Use a milling machine to trim the soil around the tree roots into a truncated conical ball with a larger top and smaller bottom. The bottom of the ball should be 1 / 3 of the diameter of the ball. When trimming the bottom, cut off any thick roots.

[0112] S5.1.5. Wrap the soil ball tightly around its waist with soaked straw rope. Dig a 5-6cm wide trench inward from the bottom of the soil ball to facilitate wrapping around the bottom edge during packing and prevent the rope from coming loose.

[0113] S5.1.6. Wrap the soil ball tightly with cattail bags and cattail sheets, then wrap and secure it with straw rope;

[0114] S5.1.7 When packing, tighten the rope and beat it as you go. Use a double or four-strand rope, starting from the tree trunk, and wind it from the top down to the bottom of the soil ball along the bottom groove, then return to the top of the soil ball from the other side, and then wrap it around the tree trunk in a clockwise direction. Start with a double or four-strand rope, with the second layer embossed with the first layer;

[0115] S5.1.8. Wrap a 20-30cm long rope horizontally around the soil ball. Once the rope is wrapped, tighten it with ropes above and below.

[0116] S5.1.9. After packing, push the Yunnan Pu tree down in the predetermined direction and then wrap the bottom tightly with cattail leaves.

[0117] In one embodiment, in S5, the soil platform excavation method includes the following steps:

[0118] S5.2.1. Before excavation, support the dianpu tree to be excavated with pillars;

[0119] S5.2.2, remove topsoil to a depth close to the topsoil roots;

[0120] S5.2.3. The soil platform should be larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, with the length of the bottom side being 1 / 10 less than that of the top side;

[0121] S5.2.4. Excavate around the soil platform and then place the box panels around the soil platform;

[0122] S5.2.5. Nail the box panels around the perimeter, then dig out the two sides of the bottom of the soil platform and install the bottom panels on both sides;

[0123] S5.2.6. Use short piles to support the four corners of the base and dig out the center of the base;

[0124] S5.2.7. All base plates and cover plates shall then be installed and supported by short piles and supports until transport.

[0125] In one embodiment, in S6, the specific hoisting steps include:

[0126] S6.1. Prepare the hemp rope and template before lifting. When lifting, tie one end of the double hemp rope to secure it. Then separate the two strands of hemp rope and tie them around the soil ball 3 / 5 of the way from top to bottom. Tie them tightly and then buckle the other end of the rope onto the hook.

[0127] S6.2. Place a wooden plank where the hemp rope meets the soil ball to prevent it from digging into the soil ball. After gently hoisting the tree, place one end of the neck rope around the base of the trunk and then attach the other end to the hook. Lift and load the tree onto the truck.

[0128] S6.3 When loading, place the tree crown toward the rear of the vehicle, with the root clod against the cab, and place a bakelite board under the clod. Then, clamp the clod with wooden boards or tie it to both sides of the vehicle with ropes.

[0129] S6.4. Cover the base of the Chinese magnolia tree with straw bags and place soft material where the trunk meets the cart. Secure it with ropes to prevent scratching the bark and damaging branches.

[0130] S6.5. For long-distance transportation, covered vehicles must be used. Stopping time must be reduced and regular stops must be made to water the trees.

[0131] In one embodiment, in S9, the specific steps of maintaining vitality include:

[0132] S9.1. Summer maintenance:

[0133] S9.1.1. Wrap tree trunks with straw rope to reduce the amount of radiation received by the trunks;

[0134] S9.1.2. Use spraying to increase trunk humidity and reduce crown temperature. Determine the appropriate formulation and concentration of transpiration suppressants. When using transpiration suppressants, pay attention to soil moisture levels and spray before the available soil moisture is depleted. Spray evenly, focusing on the underside of leaves to reduce crown transpiration.

[0135] S9.1.3. Irrigate the roots of the trees with a rooting agent by spraying the soil ball around the tree and irrigating the roots in a circular trench.

[0136] S9.1.4. Use nutrient solution for infusion, with water as the main component, and increase the amount of water that can be transported upwards by the vertical pole of the Yunnan Poplar.

[0137] S9.2, Cold protection maintenance:

[0138] S9.2.1. At night or on snowy days, cover low trees with shade nets, securing them with bricks and stones. For tall trees, drive 3-4 stakes around the tree, surround it with shade nets, and then sew them together with string to form a tube. Cover the top of the tube with shade nets.

[0139] S9.2.2. Wrap straw rope around the trunk and branches of the tree, and wrap a 10-20 cm thin film strip around the rope from bottom to top.

[0140] S9.2.3. When the soil around trees is short of water in winter, water should be added to seal the soil before it freezes.

[0141] S9.2.4. Dig 3-4 holes 50-100 cm deep around the tree crown and add heat-generating fertilizers such as cow dung and grass clippings; add soil to the tree to cover the root collar.

[0142] Preferably, the maintenance and survival step also includes a pruning step: when pruning, the incision must be close to the node, the incision should be on the opposite side of the incision bud, inclined at 45 degrees, and the incision should be flat. If the cluster branches and whorled branches need to be removed completely, it should be done in batches to avoid too many wounds that affect the growth of the tree. Evergreen flowers and trees should be pruned in time to improve their ornamental value in winter, reduce transpiration, and improve the cold resistance of the plant.

[0143] Pruning mainly involves cutting a part of the branches at the tip to promote side branches and prevent sudden growth of branches. Light pruning is generally done during the growing period, and heavy pruning is generally done during the dormant period. Start with thinning leaves and branches, remove three-quarters of the original leaves, and cut off small branches in the center and upper part of the crown to ensure the consumption of water and nutrients of the tree. At the same time, attention should be paid to the beautiful shape of the tree after pruning, and the wounds should be smeared.

[0144] In one embodiment, pest control is also included, including clearing dead branches from trees and burning the cut branches, leaves and weeds in a centralized manner; using knives to scrape off rough bark, warped bark and cracks from trees, and before scraping, laying plastic sheets under the tree canopy to collect the scraped bark chips for centralized processing or burning.

[0145] The preservatives, disinfectants, fungicides and insecticides used in this application, decomposed organic fertilizers, growth hormone organic fertilizers, soil moisturizers, soil loosening agents, sand fixation agents, farmyard manure and ash fertilizers are existing technologies and products that can be purchased on the market, so the specific ingredients are not described in detail; the soil moisturizer is Halcyonide; the fungicide is carbendazim, root spirit, Inna, thiophanate-methyl or methyl thiophanate; the insecticide is anthelmintic, omethoate, isocarbophos and beta-cypermethrin; the nutrient solution is Power, Yicheng, Shitahuo, Shudongli or Hutu; the rooting powder is a strong general rooting powder; the transpiration inhibitor is Yizheng.

[0146] Preferably, the base fertilizer is fully decomposed, dry mushroom fertilizer (or other animal feces), pond mud, peat soil or compost, and the base fertilizer dosage is 10-20kg / m 2 .

[0147] The main raw materials, finished products, semi-finished products, accessories, appliances and equipment of landscaping engineering materials must have quality certification documents, specifications and performance test reports, and should comply with the current national technical standards and design requirements. Plant materials and engineering materials should be inspected and accepted when they arrive on site, and verified and confirmed by the supervising engineer, and corresponding inspection records should be formed:

[0148] The allowable deviation of Yunnan Poplar planting materials shall comply with the provisions of Table 1 below:

[0149] Table 1 Permissible deviation of Yunnan cypress planting materials

[0150]

[0151] Generally, the size of the planting hole should be determined according to the root system of the seedling, the diameter of the soil ball and the soil conditions. Spot checks should be conducted in batches according to the digging time. Each batch should have 100 holes. If the number of holes is less than 100, all holes should be checked. The size should comply with the requirements of Table 2 below:

[0152] Table 2 Planting hole specifications of Populus multiflorus

[0153] Serial number Diameter at breast height (cm) Soil ball diameter (cm) Planting hole size (cm) Planting hole diameter (cm) 1 5～8 40～50 60～80 60～70 2 8～15 80～100 100～120 100～120 3 15 and above More than 100 120 or more 120 or more

[0154] The inner diameter of the cofferdam for a single tree should not be less than the diameter of the planting hole, and the height of the cofferdam should not be less than 15 cm. The cofferdam body should be stable, and the deformation and settlement should be within the design limit values. There should be no cracking, collapse, or landslide. There should be no flow on the back side. The allowable deviation of the cofferdam construction should comply with the provisions of Table 3 below:

[0155] Table 3 Permissible deviation of cofferdam construction

[0156]

[0157]

[0158] The refined construction method of full-crown transplantation of large-scale Yunnan jujube in poor soil during the dry season (referred to as refined construction full-crown transplantation) has the following economic advantages compared to conventional full-crown transplantation: ① There is no need for transplantation and early root removal, which solves the problem of long transplantation cycle of conventional large-scale Yunnan jujube, and reduces the costs of transplantation, root removal and maintenance after root removal; ② This method overcomes the problem of limited transplantation season of Yunnan jujube, and it can be transplanted in all seasons, which is conducive to the guarantee of construction period; ③ This method overcomes the problem of poor soil in the transplantation site, which is conducive to the rapid adaptation and survival of Yunnan jujube.

[0159] The economic benefits of this method are calculated using the Shahe River Water Environment Comprehensive Improvement Project, a government-private partnership (PPP) project for the construction of comprehensive water conservancy infrastructure in Anning City. Conventional full-crown transplants are performed twice and root removal is performed once. The analysis and comparison are shown in Table 4 below:

[0160] Table 4 Cost analysis of conventional full crown transplantation

[0161]

[0162] The Shahe Water Environment Comprehensive Improvement Project transplanted a total of 47 Yunnan magnolias of different sizes. The cost of conventional full-crown transplantation was about 564,000 yuan, while the cost of refined construction full-crown transplantation was about 432,400 yuan, which can save 131,600 yuan.

[0163] The Shahe River Water Environment Improvement Project is one of three sub-projects in the Anning City Comprehensive Water Conservancy Infrastructure Construction Public-Private Partnership (PPP) project. Located in Anning City, Yunnan Province, the project commenced on February 22, 2022, and is expected to be completed on August 30, 2022. The project includes a rural ecological wetland park, a rest station, and river ancillary projects, with a total construction area of 46,813 m2. 2 The project plan is shown in Table 11.1. Large-scale transplanted kiwifruit trees are primarily used in the Pastoral Ecological Wetland Park and the Shahe Riverside Landscaping Project. The number and size of kiwifruit trees planted for this project are shown in the table below.

[0164] Table 11.1 List of Chinese maple transplants for the Shahe River water environment comprehensive improvement project

[0165]

[0166] The Yunnan Poplar transplanting project faced three major challenges: ① The soil in the transplanting site was poor: The planting soil on the banks of the Shahe River, where the transplanting took place, was the bottom silt and upturned soil thrown away during the original river management process. It contained a large amount of stones, plastic waste, etc., and the soil organic matter content was low and the soil quality was poor. ② The transplanting period coincided with the dry season: According to the construction schedule, the project needed to be carried out in April and May. Because Yunnan Province has distinct dry and wet seasons, the dry season is from November to May of the following year, and precipitation accounts for only 15% of the annual rainfall. ③ Summer came immediately after the transplantation: evaporation increased dramatically, maintenance was difficult, and the cost was high.

[0167] By adopting the refined construction technology of large-scale Yunnan poplar full-crown transplantation in poor soil during the dry season, this project effectively addresses the challenges of poor soil, dry season transplantation and summer maintenance difficulties, and solves the problems of deep-rooted plants with long root cutting cycle, few adventitious roots, poor regeneration ability, low survival rate and poor landscape effect in the transplantation of large-scale native seedlings.

[0168] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations that come within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be embraced therein.

Claims

1. A refined construction method for transplanting large-scale Yunnan elm trees in barren soil during the dry season, characterized by: The steps include: S1. Transplantation Preparation: Before transplanting, determine the optimal soil ball size. Select a Yunnan elm with strong branches, a full crown, evenly distributed main body, and no obvious pests, diseases, or mechanical damage. For full crown transplants, only prune branches that are diseased, insect-infested, dead, or that may affect the transplant. S2. Locating and laying out: Use the natural arrangement method to determine the location and lay out the lines. Draw squares on the design drawing and on site according to the density of the plant arrangement. Use a ruler to measure the vertical and horizontal coordinates of the Yunnan maple tree in the squares on the drawing. Then use a tape measure to measure the corresponding coordinates on site. S3. Improvement of Barren Soil: When the transplant site is barren or the soil fertility of the planting site is poor, measure the soil characteristics of the original site and the planting site, and improve the soil of the transplant site based on the measurement results to make the soil characteristics of the two sites similar; S4. Planting hole preparation: The planting hole should be round or square with vertical walls. After digging, spray fungicides and insecticides inside the hole. Mix planting soil and waste leaves in a volume ratio of 1:3 and spread it in the planting hole to a thickness of not less than 15 cm. Mix base fertilizer and planting soil in a volume ratio of 1:1 and spread it in the planting hole to a thickness of not less than 5 cm. S5. Excavation and packaging: 1-2 days before transplanting, check the soil dryness and wetness and prepare the digging tools. When the diameter at breast height of the tree to be transplanted is 20-25 cm, use the soil ball excavation method and soft packing. When the diameter at breast height of the tree to be transplanted is greater than 25 cm, use the soil platform excavation method and use box board packaging. S6. Hoisting and transportation: Use a crane to lift the trees, and then transport them to the planting site by car; S7. Transplanting and planting: Apply base fertilizer at the bottom of the dug planting hole, mix well-rotted organic fertilizer with soil, and use the soil to form a small mound 10 cm high. When lifting the tree for planting, try to keep the tree upright without affecting the crane's lifting arm. After determining the planting direction, gently lower the tree into the hole and use manual labor to stabilize the tree. Then, untie the lifting rope and packaging materials. After the tree is positioned, remove the straw rope and other packaging materials, and then evenly fill the hole with fine soil and tamp it layer by layer. When it is 1 / 3 full, use the rope on the trunk to manually adjust the tree so that it is perpendicular to the ground. Then, backfill and tamp the planting hole until it is full. S8. Weir support: After planting, build a 15-20cm high irrigation cofferdam around the tree. The inner edge of the cofferdam should be slightly larger than the tree hole and groove by about 10cm. Use fine soil to build the weir. Evenly set four pillars around the trunk and fix them to the tree with cross pillars at the top. S9. Maintenance and survival: Maintain the transplanted Yunnan elm to ensure its normal growth and conduct a comprehensive inspection after irrigation and after a heavy rain. Fill in any soil loss under the tree in a timely manner; rake the soil evenly to prevent deep burial that may affect root development. The calculation formula for the optimal size of the soil ball in S1 is: D=J+K(d-3) Where: D——soil ball diameter / cm; J——constant 24; K is a constant, which is 4 when the transplanted tree is an evergreen tree and 5 when the transplanted tree is a deciduous tree. d——ground diameter of the trunk / cm; In S5, the soil ball excavation method includes the following steps: S5.1.1 Before excavation, support the dianpu tree to be excavated with pillars; S5.1.

2. Soak the cattail bag, cattail bag pieces, and straw rope in water; S5.1.3 Before excavation, draw a circle of the specified dimensions with the trunk as the center. Dig a 60-80 cm trench outside the circle to the specified depth. Remove the topsoil first, then dig down to the surface roots. When digging, cut off any thick roots with a saw and then flatten them. Do not use hard shovels to avoid loosening the roots. S5.1.

4. Use a milling machine to trim the soil around the tree roots into a truncated conical ball with a larger top and smaller bottom. The bottom of the ball should be 1 / 3 of the diameter of the ball. When trimming the bottom, cut off any thick roots. S5.1.

5. Wrap the soil ball tightly around its waist with soaked straw rope. Dig a 5-6 cm wide trench inward from the bottom of the soil ball. S5.1.

6. Wrap the soil ball tightly with cattail bags and cattail sheets, then wrap and secure it with straw rope; S5.1.7 When packing, tighten the rope and beat it as you go. Use a double or four-strand rope, starting from the tree trunk, and wind it from the top down to the bottom of the soil ball along the bottom groove, then return to the top of the soil ball from the other side, and then wrap it around the tree trunk in a clockwise direction. Start with a double or four-strand rope, with the second layer embossed with the first layer; S5.1.

8. Wrap a 20-30cm long rope horizontally around the soil ball. Once the rope is wrapped, tighten it with ropes above and below. S5.1.

9. After packing, push the Yunnan Poplar down in the predetermined direction and then wrap the bottom tightly with cattail leaves. In S6, the specific hoisting steps include: S6.

1. Prepare the hemp rope and template before lifting. When lifting, tie one end of the double hemp rope to secure it. Then separate the two strands of hemp rope and tie them around the soil ball 3 / 5 of the way from top to bottom. Tie them tightly and then buckle the other end of the rope onto the hook. S6.

2. Place a wooden plank where the hemp rope meets the soil ball. After gently lifting the tree, place one end of the neck rope around the base of the trunk and then attach the other end to the hook to begin lifting and loading. S6.3 When loading, place the tree crown toward the rear of the vehicle, with the root clod against the cab, and place a bakelite board under the clod. Then, clamp the clod with wooden boards or tie it to both sides of the vehicle with ropes. S6.

4. Cover the base of the Chinese magnolia tree with straw bags, place soft material where the trunk meets the cart board, and secure with ropes. S6.

5. For long-distance transportation, covered vehicles must be used. Stopping time must be reduced and regular stops must be made to water the trees.

2. The refined construction method for transplanting large-scale Yunnan elm trees in barren soil during dry season as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the S1, the roots are cut off before transplantation, and then the roots are soaked in 150 mg / L rooting powder for 2-3 minutes.

3. The refined construction method for transplanting large-scale Yunnan elm trees in barren soil during dry season as claimed in claim 1 is characterized by: The improved steps in S3 are as follows: S3.

1. Property survey: Investigate the soil properties of the transplanting site to understand the soil permeability, tillage layer thickness, tillage conditions, and nutrient status; S3.

2. Topsoil separation: Deeply plow vertically, remove the topsoil, crush large clods, remove debris and rocks, and cover with plastic sheeting to prevent soil loss due to heavy rain. S3.3, Base treatment: Lay a 20cm thick layer of clay isolation soil below the planting base, apply organic fertilizer, soil moisturizer, soil loosening agent and sand fixation agent to improve soil structure; S3.4, soil backfill: fill in medium and fine sand to improve water permeability and air permeability, then mix the stripped topsoil with the fertile soil transported from outside, backfill and level; S3.

5. Topsoil improvement: Add fertile topsoil about 25 cm thick on top of the prepared soil layer to ensure the quality of land preparation, and apply farmyard manure and ash fertilizer; S3.

6. Soil disinfection: Use fungicides to disinfect the soil to kill and inhibit weed seeds and harmful bacteria in the soil.

4. The refined construction method for transplanting large-scale Yunnan elm trees in barren soil during dry season as claimed in claim 1 is characterized by: In the above-mentioned S4, the side wall of the planting hole is at least 30 cm away from the soil ball, and the depth of the planting hole is 10-20 cm deeper than the height of the soil ball.

5. The refined construction method for transplanting large-scale Yunnan elm trees in barren soil during dry season as claimed in claim 1 is characterized by: In S5, the soil platform excavation method includes the following steps: S5.2.

1. Before excavation, support the dianpu tree to be excavated with pillars; S5.2.2, remove topsoil to a depth close to the topsoil roots; S5.2.

3. The soil platform is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, with the length of the lower part being 1 / 10 less than that of the upper part. S5.2.

4. Excavate around the soil platform and then place the box panels around the soil platform; S5.2.

5. Nail the box panels around the perimeter, then dig out the two sides of the bottom of the soil platform and install the bottom panels on both sides; S5.2.

6. Use short piles to support the four corners of the base and dig out the center of the base; S5.2.

7. All base plates and cover plates shall then be installed and supported by short piles and supports until transport.

6. The refined construction method for transplanting large-scale Yunnan elm trees in barren soil during dry season as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In said S9, the specific steps of maintaining life include: S9.

1. Summer maintenance: S9.1.

1. Wrap tree trunks with straw rope to reduce the amount of radiation received by the trunks; S9.1.

2. Use spraying measures to increase trunk humidity and reduce crown temperature, thereby reducing crown transpiration. S9.1.

3. Irrigate the roots of the trees with a rooting agent by spraying the soil ball around the tree and irrigating the roots in a circular trench. S9.1.

4. Use nutrient solution for infusion, with water as the main component, and increase the amount of water that can be transported upwards by the vertical pole of the Yunnan Poplar. S9.2, Cold protection maintenance: S9.2.

1. At night or on snowy days, cover low trees with shade nets, securing them with bricks and stones. For tall trees, drive 3-4 stakes around the tree, surround it with shade nets, and then sew them together with string to form a tube. Cover the top of the tube with shade nets. S9.2.

2. Wrap straw rope around the trunk and branches of the tree, and wrap a 10-20 cm thin film strip around the rope from bottom to top. S9.2.

3. When the soil around trees is short of water in winter, water should be added to seal the soil before it freezes. S9.2.

4. Dig 3-4 holes 50-100 cm deep around the tree crown and add heat-generating fertilizers such as cow dung and grass clippings; add soil to the tree to cover the root collar.

7. The refined construction method for transplanting large-scale Yunnan elm trees in barren soil during dry season as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes pest and disease control, including clearing dead branches from trees and burning the cut branches, leaves and weeds in a centralized manner; using knives to scrape off the rough bark, warped bark and cracks on trees, and laying plastic sheets under the tree crowns before scraping to collect the scraped bark chips for centralized processing or burning.

Images