A method for determining root growth of subtropical plantations

Abstract

The application discloses a root system growth determination method for subtropical artificial forest in the technical field of root system growth determination, and comprises the following steps: step 1, making a drilling route with less roots; step 2, forming a sliding groove and a plurality of limiting ring grooves vertical to the sliding groove on the sidewall of an observation hole through a drilling assembly, and the positions of the limiting ring grooves correspond to the positions of observation points one by one; step 3, inserting the front end of an observation tube into the observation hole so that the observation tube is inserted into the bottom of the observation hole along the sliding groove, and an optical shield is arranged at the rear end of the observation tube to shield the inside of the observation tube; step 4, placing a collecting assembly into the observation tube, and the collecting assembly is automatically temporarily locked and stays at each fixed part, and image collection is carried out through the collecting assembly; and step 5, analyzing and processing a plant root system area image to obtain the morphology, configuration and distribution of the plant root system. According to the application, the image at the observation point is accurately controlled to be collected, and the stability and service life of the observation tube in the observation hole are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of root growth determination, and particularly relates to a root growth determination method for subtropical artificial forest. BACKGROUND

[0002] The artificial forest is a forest cultivated by artificial seeding, planting or cutting and other methods and technical measures; the plant grows by root fixation. The root system affects the growth and development of the plant by affecting the water and nutrient absorption, can send signals to the aboveground part to affect the functions of other organs of the aboveground part, and is the host of soil microorganisms. The root system of the forest tree has important significance for the survival, growth and health of the plant, provides water, nutrients and support, maintains soil stability, and interacts with the soil ecosystem to protect the plant from the influence of the external environment.

[0003] There are many plant root research methods in the traditional technology, for example, invasive and destructive methods such as the digging method, the single block method, the drilling method and the profile wall method, and non-destructive or minimally invasive research methods such as the glass wall method, the endoscope method (micro root tube) and the container method; the prior art improves the traditional technology to promote the convenience of plant root growth determination.

[0004] For example, the device for monitoring the plant root system in situ under the soil cultivation condition disclosed in Chinese patent CN104542024A, 1-4 transparent probe pipes are buried in 1-9 soil of the plant to be measured, 1-6 root growth monitoring host is put into the measured area in the 1-4 transparent probe pipes through 1-2 extension positioning rod, 1-5 and 1-8 are respectively three circumferential positioning rollers for positioning and guiding, 1-1 end cover is sleeved on 1-4 transparent probe pipes, and 1-3 USB transmission line is connected with a computer. The circuit mainboard in 1-6 root growth monitoring host is driven by the computer software to control the stepping motor of 1-6 root growth monitoring host, so that 1-6 root growth monitoring host with 1-7 CIS image sensor performs 360-degree rotary scanning, and various data of the plant root development are obtained through professional root analysis software after the image is obtained. The scanning and monitoring at different depths can be realized by adjusting the distance between 1-2 extension positioning rod and 1-1 pipe cover. The present application can realize non-destructive in-situ measurement, is extremely portable, easy to operate and fast in measurement.

[0005] The above technical scheme still has the following technical problems: it is inconvenient to control the observation point in the image acquisition process, the fluctuation of image acquisition is large, and the accuracy of subsequent data processing is affected. In addition, the roots of the plant are easily damaged in the traditional drilling process. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a subtropical plantation root growth determination method, which can reduce the damage to the plant roots, accurately collect images at the observation point, reduce the fluctuation of image collection, and improve the stability and service life of the observation tube in the observation hole.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows: a subtropical plantation root growth determination method, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: detecting the approximate position of the plant roots by an ultrasonic sensor, and formulating a drilling route with less roots according to the approximate position of the plant roots;

[0009] Step 2: drilling a observation hole along the drilling route by a drilling assembly, the drilling assembly protecting the edge roots during drilling, and forming a sliding groove along the length direction and a plurality of limiting ring grooves perpendicular to the sliding groove on the side wall of the observation hole, the limiting ring groove positions corresponding one-to-one to the observation point positions;

[0010] Step 3: inserting the front end of the observation tube into the observation hole to make the observation tube inserted into the bottom of the observation hole along the sliding groove, rotating the observation tube to make the fixed part on the outside of the observation tube slide into the limiting ring groove, and making the rear end of the observation tube extend above the ground, and setting a light shield on the rear end of the observation tube to shield the inside of the observation tube;

[0011] Step 4: placing the collection assembly into the observation tube to make the collection assembly slide along the inside wall of the observation tube to the bottom of the observation tube, the collection assembly automatically temporarily locking and staying at each fixed part, and collecting images by the collection assembly;

[0012] Step 5: sequentially pre-processing and image segmentation of the root images, outputting the plant root area images, and analyzing and processing the plant root area images to obtain the morphology, configuration and distribution of the plant roots.

[0013] The above-mentioned scheme has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] 1. In the present application, a reasonable drilling route is formulated before the observation hole is opened, which reduces the damage to the plant roots; when the observation hole is opened, the plant roots at the edge of the drilling route can be pushed away, avoiding the plant roots at the edge of the drilling route being damaged by the drilling assembly; at the same time, the drilling assembly forms a sliding groove and a limiting groove in the observation hole, the fixed part of the observation tube is provided with a fixing space by the limiting groove, so that the observation tube is effectively fixed, the fixed part of the observation tube corresponds one-to-one to the observation point positions, the collection assembly can accurately stay on the observation point positions to collect images, compared with the prior art, the image collection is accurately controlled at the observation point positions, the fluctuation of image collection is reduced, and more accurate plant root growth conditions can be obtained.

[0015] 2. The scheme, in the observation hole is provided with several sliding grooves and limiting grooves, after installing the observation tube, the outer wall of the observation tube and the sliding grooves and the limiting grooves form a ventilation channel, which can effectively reduce the extrusion of the observation tube caused by the temperature change in the hole, compared with the prior art, the observation tube can maintain in the observation hole for a longer time.

[0016] Further, the drilling assembly in step 2 comprises a support part, a protective tube rotatably connected with the support part, and a drilling shaft rotatably connected with the protective tube, a first driving member for driving the drilling shaft is installed at the top of the protective tube, a second driving assembly for driving the protective tube is installed at the top of the support part, a discharge port is formed in the side wall of the upper end of the protective tube, a protective groove is formed in the side wall of the lower end of the protective tube, a protective block is hinged in the anti-skid groove, the protective block extends out of the protective groove, and a first spring is fixedly connected between the protective block and the protective groove.

[0017] Beneficial effect: by driving the drilling shaft along the drilling route, the protective tube can avoid the plant roots from being stirred into the drilling shaft, and can also make the sidewall of the observation hole drilled more regular, avoiding the misplacement of the observation tube installed subsequently; the protective block is extruded by the soil during displacement of the protective tube, and the first spring keeps the protective block adhered to the inner wall of the soil, which can push the plant roots around the protective tube away on one hand, and can form a sliding groove in the observation hole on the other hand, and the second driving member drives the protective tube to rotate to form a limiting ring groove at each observation point, facilitating the subsequent installation and fixation of the observation tube.

[0018] Further, the bottom of the protective tube is a conical structure, and the protective block is provided with an inclined surface close to one end of the bottom of the protective tube, and the inclined surface is parallel to the slope of the conical structure of the bottom of the protective tube.

[0019] Beneficial effect: the conical structure of the bottom of the protective tube is more conducive to the deepening of the protective tube into the soil during drilling, and the protective block can also more conveniently form a sliding groove, and the inclined surface can more conveniently push the plant roots away when encountering the plant roots.

[0020] Further, the observation tube in step 3 comprises a transparent tube body and a plurality of fixing parts integrally formed on the side surface of the tube body, the fixing parts are hollow hemispherical structures, and the positions of the fixing parts correspond to the positions of the limiting ring grooves one by one, the collection device comprises a sliding plate, an image collector fixed to the bottom of the sliding plate, and a push handle fixed to the top of the sliding plate, a limiting groove is formed in the side surface of the sliding plate, a second spring is fixedly connected at the bottom of the limiting groove, and a limiting ball is fixedly connected to the end of the second spring away from the bottom of the limiting groove.

[0021] Beneficial effect: after the fixed part is aligned with the sliding groove, the observation tube can be along the sliding groove to the bottom of the observation hole, and when the observation tube is rotated to make the fixed part enter the limiting ring groove, the observation tube will be fixed in the observation hole, so that the fixed position of the observation tube is more stable. When the sliding plate slides to each fixed part, the limiting ball will be deep into the fixed part, and the user can know that the image collector reaches the image collection point for image collection by feeling the feedback from the sliding block when pushing the push handle. Repeating the above operation can accurately collect images of all points,

[0022] Further, the spacing between adjacent observation points is 20mm.

[0023] Beneficial effect: by reducing the distance between observation points and increasing the number of observation points, the density of image collection is increased, thereby reducing the fluctuation of collected image information.

[0024] Further, in step 1, when the drilling route with less root system is determined, the angle between the drilling route and the ground is 45°.

[0025] Beneficial effect: image collection by 45° insertion of the observation tube is more in line with the morphology of plant root system, and larger area of plant root system image can be collected.

[0026] Further, in step 3, the length of the observation tube extending above the ground at the rear end is 120-180mm.

[0027] Beneficial effect: the observation tube rear end higher than the ground by a certain height can prevent rainwater and sundries from entering the observation tube, and can also prevent damage to the observation tube due to sharp temperature changes.

[0028] Further, in step 5, the image preprocessing includes classifying, labeling, cropping and filtering the image in sequence.

[0029] Beneficial effect: classification and labeling facilitate subsequent batch processing of images, cropping reduces the distortion phenomenon at the edge of the image, and filtering removes the fine soil particles and other noise in the image, improving the image quality.

[0030] Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be given in part in the following description, part will become apparent from the following description, or will be understood by those skilled in the art through practice of the application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 The observation hole profile view of the root system growth determination method embodiment of the subtropical plantation of the application;

[0032] Figure 2 The drilling assembly profile view of the root system growth determination method embodiment of the subtropical plantation of the application;

[0033] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the observation tube for the method embodiment for determining the root growth of subtropical plantations of the present application;

[0034] Figure 4 A flow chart of the method embodiment for determining the root growth of subtropical plantations of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein the same or like reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or elements having the same or similar functionality. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are merely intended to explain the present application, and are not to be interpreted as limiting the present application.

[0036] In the description of the present application, it needs to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "vertical", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0037] In the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified and limited, it needs to be explained that the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, it can also be a communication between two elements inside, it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood by those skilled in the art according to the specific circumstances.

[0038] The specific embodiments are described in detail below:

[0039] The reference signs in the drawings of the specification include: support part 1, protective tube 2, drilling shaft 3, anti-skid block 4, first spring 5, discharge port 6, first driving member 7, second driving member 8, protective cover 9, push handle 10, sliding plate 11, second spring 12, limiting ball 13, observation hole 101, observation tube 102, sliding groove 103, limiting ring groove 104, fixing part 105, light shield 106.

[0040] The embodiments are shown in the drawings as follows: Figures 1-4 A method for determining the root growth of subtropical plantations, comprising the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: Detecting the approximate position of the root system of the plant by an ultrasonic sensor, and formulating a drilling route with less roots according to the approximate position of the root system of the plant.

[0042] Wherein, the ultrasonic sensor preferably uses a capacitive root detector, after obtaining the approximate position of the plant roots, a drilling route with fewer roots needs to be selected among the plant roots, the drilling route should be kept as a straight line, and the angle between the drilling route and the ground should be kept at 45°, which is convenient for the installation of the subsequent observation tube 102 and the image collection of the collection assembly, and the length of the drilling route needs to be determined according to the depth and size of the plant roots.

[0043] Step 2, drill a drilling hole along the drilling route to form an observation hole 101, the drilling assembly protects the edge of the tree roots during drilling, and forms a sliding groove 103 arranged along the length direction on the side wall of the observation hole 101 and a plurality of limiting ring grooves 104 perpendicular to the sliding groove 103, the position of the limiting ring groove 104 corresponds to the position of the observation point one by one.

[0044] Wherein, the drilling assembly includes a support part 1, a protection pipe 2 rotatably connected with the support part 1, and a drilling shaft 3 rotatably connected with the protection pipe 2, the drilling shaft 3 in this embodiment is a spiral blade type drilling shaft 3, the top of the anti-skid pipe is fixedly connected with a first driving member 7 for driving the drilling shaft 3 through bolts, the first driving assembly and the drilling shaft 3 are transmitted through bevel gears, the top of the support part 1 is fixedly connected with a second driving assembly for driving the anti-skid pipe through bolts, the second driving assembly and the protection pipe 2 are also transmitted through bevel gears, the first driving assembly in this embodiment is a reduction motor, and the second driving member 8 is a servo motor, two discharge ports 6 are symmetrically formed in the side wall of the upper end of the protection pipe 2, soil is discharged from the protection pipe 2 through the discharge port 6, and the top of the support part 1 is also fixedly connected with a protective cover 9 for covering the first driving member 7 and the second driving member 8 through bolts.

[0045] A protection groove is symmetrically formed in the side wall of the lower end of the protection pipe 2, a protection block is hingedly connected in the protection groove, the protection block extends out of the protection groove, and a first spring 5 is fixedly connected between the protection block and the protection groove; the bottom of the protection pipe 2 is a conical structure, an inclined surface is formed in one end of the bottom of the protection pipe 2 close to the protection block, the inclined surface is parallel to the slope of the conical structure of the bottom of the protection pipe 2, and preferably the inclined surface and the slope of the conical structure of the bottom of the protection pipe 2 are located on the same straight line.

[0046] In use, the observation point is determined in advance. In order to reduce image fluctuation, the spacing between adjacent observation points is set to 20 mm. The drilling assembly is installed on a tractor or a traction frame. The position and angle of the drilling assembly are adjusted to align with the drilling route. The first driving member 7 is started to drill along the drilling route by the drilling shaft 3. At this time, the protective cover 9 remains stationary, and the plant root system at the edge of the protective pipe 2 cannot directly contact the drilling shaft 3. The anti-skid block 4 forms symmetrical sliding grooves 103 on both sides of the observation hole 101 during extension along the drilling route. When an observation point is reached, the first driving member 7 is stopped, and the second driving member 8 is started to rotate the anti-skid pipe by 90°, that is, to form a limiting ring groove 104 at the observation point. Subsequently, the above steps are repeated until the entire observation hole 101 is opened.

[0047] Step 3: The front end of the observation pipe 102 is inserted into the observation hole 101 to insert the observation pipe 102 into the bottom of the observation hole 101 along the sliding groove 103. The observation pipe 102 is rotated to slide the fixed part 105 on the outer side of the observation pipe 102 into the limiting ring groove 104 and extend the rear end of the observation pipe 102 above the ground. An optical shield 106 is arranged at the rear end of the observation pipe 102 to shield the inside of the observation pipe 102.

[0048] The front and rear ends of the observation pipe 102 are plugged by plug bodies to prevent debris or rainwater from entering the observation pipe 102. The length of the extension of the rear end of the observation pipe 102 above the ground is maintained between 120-180 mm to prevent rainwater from entering the observation pipe 102.

[0049] The observation pipe 102 includes a transparent pipe body and a plurality of fixed parts 105 integrally formed on the side surface of the pipe body. The fixed part 105 has a hollow hemispherical structure, and the position of the fixed part 105 corresponds to the position of the limiting ring groove 104. The fixed part 105 of the present embodiment is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the observation pipe 102, which is the same as the sliding groove 103.

[0050] In use, the fixed parts 105 on both sides of the observation pipe 102 are aligned with the sliding groove 103, and the observation pipe 102 is inserted into the observation hole 101 along the sliding groove 103. When the lowest part of the observation hole 101 is reached, the observation pipe 102 is rotated by 90°, and the fixed part 105 is located at the middle position of the limiting ring groove 104, thereby fixing the observation pipe 102. At the same time, an air flow passage is formed between the observation pipe 102 and the sliding groove 103 and the limiting ring groove 104.

[0051] Step 4: The collection assembly is placed in the observation pipe 102, and the collection assembly slides along the inner side wall of the observation pipe 102 to the bottom of the observation pipe 102. The collection assembly is temporarily locked and stays at each fixed part 105, and image collection is performed by the collection assembly.

[0052] Wherein, the acquisition device includes sliding plate 11, fixed to the bottom of the image acquisition device and fixed to the top of the sliding plate 11 handle 10, the image acquisition device preferably using a high-speed camera with light function, sliding plate 11 side opening limit slot, limit slot bottom fixed connection has the second spring 12, the second spring 12 away from the limit slot bottom one end fixed connection limit ball 13.

[0053] In use, the sliding plate 11 during movement, limit ball 13 each with a fixed part 105 hollow spherical structure alignment, then will receive the second spring 12 elastic force into the fixed part 105 hollow spherical structure, at this time the user through the handle 10 can perceive the sliding plate 11 to reach the observation point position, the image acquisition is carried out.

[0054] Step 5, in turn, the root image preprocessing and image segmentation, output plant root region image, plant root region image analysis and processing to obtain the morphology, configuration and distribution of plant root system.

[0055] Wherein, the specific steps of image preprocessing are as follows:

[0056] Classification, annotation: the image collected at each observation point is labeled, including the observation point to which the image belongs and the type of image (root type);

[0057] Cutting: the black area of the image edge does not contain plant root elements, and may also interfere with subsequent image segmentation, so the black area of the image edge is cut;

[0058] Filtering: due to the insufficient tightness of the transparent tube and the soil layer, fine soil particles, debris, plant debris and other impurities adhere to the tube wall, resulting in noise in the image, so the image is filtered by the mean filter.

[0059] Wherein, the specific steps of image segmentation are as follows:

[0060] Plant root system in the growth and development process with obvious root epidermis color change, will be used as the feature of image segmentation;

[0061] Select image segmentation algorithm to segment the image, get the region image of each feature region of plant root system.

[0062] The above-mentioned are only embodiments of the present application, and common knowledge such as specific structures and / or characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail herein. It should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can also be made, which should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application, and these will not affect the effect and practicality of the patent implementation. The protection scope claimed by the present application should be subject to the content of its claims, and the specific implementation mode and the like recorded in the specification can be used to explain the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for determining root growth of a subtropical plantation, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Use ultrasonic sensors to detect the root positions of plants and determine the root drilling routes based on the root positions of plants; Step 2: Drilling along the drilling route to form an observation hole using the drilling assembly. During the drilling process, the drilling assembly protects tree roots at the edge and forms a sliding groove along the length of the observation hole and a plurality of limit ring grooves perpendicular to the sliding grooves. The positions of the limit ring grooves correspond to the positions of the observation points. Step 3: Insert the front end of the observation tube into the observation hole so that the observation tube is inserted along the sliding groove to the bottom of the observation hole. Rotate the observation tube so that the fixed portion on the outside of the observation tube slides into the limit ring groove, and extend the rear end of the observation tube above the ground. Set a light shield at the rear end of the observation tube to shield the inside of the observation tube. Step 4: Place the acquisition component into the observation tube and slide it along the inner wall of the observation tube toward the bottom of the observation tube. The acquisition component automatically locks and stops temporarily at each fixed portion, and the image is acquired through the acquisition component. Step 5: Preprocess and segment the root system image in sequence to output a plant root area image, and analyze and process the plant root area image to obtain the morphology, configuration, and distribution of the plant root system; The drilling assembly in step 2 includes a support portion, a protective tube rotatably connected to the support portion, and a drilling shaft rotatably connected to the protective tube, a first driving member for driving the drilling shaft is installed on the top of the protective tube, a second driving assembly for driving the protective tube is installed on the top of the support portion, a discharge port is provided on the upper side wall of the protective tube, a protective groove is provided on the lower side wall of the protective tube, a protective block is hinged in the protective groove, the protective block extends outside the protective groove, and a first spring is fixedly connected between the protective block and the protective groove; The bottom of the protection tube is a conical structure, and the protection block is provided with an inclined surface at one end close to the bottom of the protection tube, and the inclined surface is parallel to the inclined surface of the conical structure at the bottom of the protection tube; The observation tube in step 3 includes a transparent tube body and several fixed parts integrally formed on the side of the tube body. The fixed parts are hollow hemispherical structures and the positions of the fixed parts correspond one-to-one to the positions of the limiting ring grooves. The acquisition device in step 4 includes a sliding plate, an image collector fixed to the bottom of the sliding plate and a push handle fixed to the top of the sliding plate. A limiting groove is provided on the side of the sliding plate, and a second spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the limiting groove. The end of the second spring away from the bottom of the limiting groove is fixedly connected to a limiting ball.

2. The method for determining root growth of a subtropical plantation according to claim 1, wherein: The distance between adjacent observation points is 20 mm.

3. The method for determining root growth of a subtropical plantation according to claim 2, wherein: In step 1, when formulating the drilling route for the root system, the angle between the drilling route and the ground is 45°.

4. The method for determining root growth of a subtropical plantation according to claim 3, wherein: In step 3, the length of the rear end of the observation tube extending above the ground is 120 to 180 mm.

5. The method for determining root growth of a subtropical plantation according to claim 4, wherein: In step 5, image preprocessing includes classifying, labeling, cropping and filtering the image in sequence.

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