A filter-press type electrolyzer for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water decoupled by supercapacitors and a control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a filter-press type electrolytic tank for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water with supercapacitor decoupling, which adopts a supercapacitor plate to separate an electrolysis chamber into a hydrogen production chamber and an oxygen production chamber, and a hydrogen production electrode and an oxygen production electrode are arranged in the hydrogen production chamber and the oxygen production chamber, and a porous diaphragm is arranged between the supercapacitor plate and the hydrogen production electrode and between the supercapacitor plate and the oxygen production electrode for physical separation; the supercapacitor plate in the electrolysis chamber is controlled to be alternately connected with the hydrogen production electrode and the oxygen production electrode at a set time interval, so that a circulating charging and discharging is formed on the supercapacitor plate, and hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions on the cathode and the anode are alternately coupled; the supercapacitor plate is introduced into the filter-press type electrolytic tank, the supercapacitor plate has good gas resistance and good stability, and can be matched with renewable energy with power fluctuation for direct electrolysis of hydrogen production. A structure in a form of series connection of multiple electrolysis chambers is adopted, the number of electrolysis chambers matched with electrolysis power can be set, and industrial scale hydrogen production is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water electrolysis technology, specifically to a pressure filter electrolyzer and control method for hydrogen production by decoupled supercapacitor electrolysis of water. Background Technology

[0002] Developing renewable energy and optimizing the energy structure are among the priority directions in the energy development strategies and action plans of various countries. Overcoming the technical bottleneck of transmembrane mixing of hydrogen and oxygen gases during water electrolysis is key to developing flexible electrolysis hydrogen production technology that is directly compatible with renewable energy, thus meeting the major needs of addressing energy and climate change issues.

[0003] In the electrolysis of water, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are coupled in time and space. Whether it's alkaline electrolysis, proton / anion exchange membrane electrolysis, or solid oxide electrolysis, appropriate diaphragms are required to prevent the mixing of hydrogen and oxygen gases, ensuring their purity. However, under fluctuating power conditions, traditional diaphragms are insufficient to efficiently prevent the mixing of hydrogen and oxygen gases within the electrolyzer, severely affecting purity and posing a potential explosion hazard.

[0004] Renewable energy sources are characterized by randomness, intermittency, and volatility. Directly driving electrolysis for hydrogen production inevitably leads to large pressure variations and frequent start-ups and shutdowns within the electrolyzer. Furthermore, at low power levels, the production rates of hydrogen and oxygen may actually be slower than the rate at which they pass through the membrane (Science, 2014, 345(6202):1326), which will significantly exacerbate the interpenetration of the two gases. Since the three existing electrolysis technologies require the presence of ions (OH-, H+, ...), ... + Or O 2 -) Cross-permeation of gases is difficult to avoid through the diaphragm, especially in alkaline electrolyzers.

[0005] To address these challenges, various decoupled water electrolysis schemes have been reported in recent years, separating hydrogen and oxygen production in time or space, thus eliminating the need for a diaphragm. These schemes typically employ one or two auxiliary electrodes paired with the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction to form two relatively independent reaction systems, aiming to avoid hydrogen and oxygen mixing. For example, the patent document CN105420748A discloses "a method and apparatus for two-step electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen based on a three-electrode system"; literature such as Science, 2014, 345(6202):1326, Nature Energy, 2019, 4(9):786, ACS Energy Letters, 2021, 6(4):1533, Electrochemistry Communications, 2019, 109:106611, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2018, 57(11):2904, Energy & Environmental Science, 2022, 15(5):2021, etc., also disclose (or publish) a decoupled electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen scheme. The common feature of these schemes is the introduction of one (or two) auxiliary electrodes, coupled sequentially (or separately) to the hydrogen-producing and oxygen-producing electrodes. Reciprocal Faraday reactions occur periodically on the auxiliary electrodes (typically, in alkaline electrolysis, utilizing the redox conversion between Ni(OH)₂ and NiOOH). Due to the impact of the Faraday reactions on the composition and microstructure of the active material on the auxiliary electrodes, their long-term cycle stability is a challenging issue. Furthermore, the auxiliary electrodes generally cannot withstand high current densities (500 Am⁻¹). 2 (The above). Furthermore, how to transform these laboratory electrolysis devices into industrially operational, large-scale hydrogen production electrolyzers and control systems requires breakthroughs in process and equipment design.

[0006] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN113774417A discloses a water electrolysis device that uses bipolar capacitors instead of ion-exchange membranes to separate hydrogen and oxygen production. This electrolysis device employs wireless bipolar capacitor electrodes, allowing for simultaneous hydrogen and oxygen production. The power supply is periodically disconnected, waiting for self-discharge between the two sides of the bipolar electrodes to restore its state. The charging and discharging process of the capacitor material's double layer results in low impact on the material, which is beneficial for enhancing cycle stability. However, in this bipolar capacitor design, because the two sides of the bipolar electrodes polarize in opposite directions simultaneously when energized, the potential difference between the two sides is large, increasing energy consumption and making it suitable only for electrolysis at lower current densities. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention provides a low-energy supercapacitor decoupled water electrolysis for hydrogen production via pressure filtration and its control method. This invention is adapted to renewable energy sources with fluctuating and intermittent power, making full use of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic and wind power with large power fluctuations. It is suitable for the industrially common pressure filtration electrolysis cell structure with multiple electrolysis chambers connected in series and its associated pipeline operation system.

[0008] To achieve its objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution:

[0009] The features of the pressure filter electrolyzer for decoupled electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen in this invention are as follows: In the electrolyzer, supercapacitor plates are used to divide the electrolysis chamber into a hydrogen production chamber and an oxygen production chamber. Hydrogen production electrodes and oxygen production electrodes are placed in the hydrogen production chamber and oxygen production chamber respectively, and the hydrogen production electrodes and oxygen production electrodes are in electrical contact with conductive columns in the corresponding flow channels. Porous membranes are provided for physical separation between the supercapacitor plates and the hydrogen production electrodes, and between the supercapacitor plates and the oxygen production electrodes.

[0010] The characteristics of the pressure filter electrolyzer for decoupled electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen in this invention are also as follows: the electrolyzer is configured as a single-chamber electrolyzer consisting of a single electrolysis chamber; or as a multi-chamber electrolyzer consisting of multiple electrolysis chambers connected in series.

[0011] The characteristics of the pressure filter electrolyzer for decoupled electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen in this invention are as follows: The structure of the single-chamber electrolyzer is as follows: between a pair of end plates, screws evenly distributed along the circumference press the supercapacitor plates, the hydrogen-producing electrodes and oxygen-producing electrodes located on both sides of the supercapacitor plates, and the porous diaphragm into a disc-shaped electrolyzer. The end plates form flow channels on both sides. The conductive pillars are protrusions on the inner side of each end plate. Positive terminal lugs for connecting to the positive power supply plate and negative terminal lugs for connecting to the negative power supply plate are correspondingly provided on the outer side of the pair of end plates.

[0012] The characteristics of the pressure filter electrolyzer for decoupled electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen in this invention are as follows: the multi-chamber electrolyzer is structured as follows: multiple electrolysis chambers are press-fitted into a series between a pair of end plates by screws evenly distributed along the circumference, forming a cylindrical electrolyzer; the electrolysis chambers at both ends of the cylinder have flow channels formed by end plates corresponding to one end on their outer sides; conductive flow channel plates are set between two adjacent electrolysis chambers, and flow channels are formed by the conductive flow channel plates; positive terminal lugs for connecting to the positive power supply plate and negative terminal lugs for connecting to the negative power supply plate are correspondingly set on the outer sides of the pair of end plates; the conductive pillars include end plate protrusions set on the inner side of each end plate, and channel plate protrusions set on both sides of the conductive flow channel plates.

[0013] The features of the supercapacitor decoupled electrolysis water production hydrogen production pressure filter type electrolyzer of the present invention are as follows: hydrogen-side gas-liquid discharge channel and oxygen-side gas-liquid discharge channel are provided along the axial direction of the cylinder; the hydrogen production chamber of each electrolysis chamber is connected to the hydrogen-side gas-liquid discharge channel, and the oxygen production chamber of each electrolysis chamber is connected to the oxygen-side gas-liquid discharge channel.

[0014] The filter press electrolyzer for decoupled supercapacitor electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen is also characterized in that: the supercapacitor plate is a rigid solid plate with an active material disc at its center, and a conductive ring with the same thickness as the active material disc is placed around the outer periphery of the active material disc.

[0015] The characteristic of the pressure filter electrolyzer for decoupled electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen in this invention is that the active material discs in the supercapacitor plates are made of conductive micro-nano powder.

[0016] The control method of the pressure filter electrolyzer for decoupled electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen in this invention is characterized by the following: For a single-chamber electrolyzer, the supercapacitor plates in the electrolysis chamber are controlled to alternately connect with the hydrogen production electrode and the oxygen production electrode at a set time interval, so that a cyclic charge and discharge is formed on the supercapacitor plates, alternately coupling the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions on the cathode and anode; For a multi-chamber electrolyzer, the supercapacitor plates in each electrolysis chamber are controlled to synchronously alternately connect with the hydrogen production electrode and the oxygen production electrode in each electrolysis chamber at a set time interval, so that a cyclic charge and discharge is formed on the supercapacitor plates, alternately coupling the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions on the cathode and anode.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are reflected in:

[0018] 1. This invention introduces supercapacitor plates into the electrolyzer, which have excellent gas barrier performance, high pressure resistance, and good stability. As a replacement for traditional diaphragms, it allows the electrolyzer to start and stop instantly, directly adapting to renewable energy sources with power fluctuations and intermittent characteristics, and realizing flexible hydrogen production from renewable energy green electricity.

[0019] 2. The double-layer charging and discharging process that occurs cyclically on the supercapacitor plates in this invention features low resistance, low energy consumption, fast charging and discharging rates, and high stability, which is superior to various decoupled water electrolysis schemes based on Faraday reactions occurring on auxiliary electrodes. The unique control method of alternately connecting the supercapacitor plates to the oxygen-producing and hydrogen-producing electrodes allows the decoupled water electrolysis hydrogen production scheme of this invention to be applicable to industrially common pressure-filter electrolyzer structures with multiple electrolysis chambers connected in series and their associated piping systems.

[0020] 3. This invention can still produce hydrogen and oxygen at an electrolysis voltage as low as 0.8-0.9V, enabling more efficient use of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic and wind power, which have large power fluctuations. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the overall appearance and structure of the electrolytic cell in this invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the electrolytic cell in this invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the supercapacitor plate structure in this invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a voltage-time graph obtained by testing in current mode according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a current-time graph obtained from testing in voltage mode according to the present invention.

[0026] The following are the labels in the diagram: 1. End plate, 2. Conductive flow channel plate, 3. Supercapacitor electrode plate, 4. Sealing gasket, 5. Conductive flow channel plate relay terminal, 6. Supercapacitor electrode plate relay terminal, 7. Screw, 8. Hydrogen generation electrode, 9. Oxygen generation electrode, 10. Porous diaphragm, 11. Electrolyte inlet channel, 12. Hydrogen side gas-liquid outlet channel, 13. Oxygen side gas-liquid outlet channel, 14. Negative electrode lug, 15. Positive electrode lug, 16. Active material disc, 17. Conductive ring circumferential frame. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments. It should be noted that these are merely examples and descriptions of the inventive concept. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or use similar methods to replace them, as long as they do not deviate from the inventive concept or exceed the scope defined in the claims, they should all be considered to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, the structure of the pressure filter electrolyzer for decoupled supercapacitor electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen is as follows:

[0029] In the electrolyzer, a supercapacitor plate 3 is used to divide the electrolysis chamber into a hydrogen production chamber and an oxygen production chamber. The supercapacitor plate replaces the traditional diaphragm to effectively prevent the hydrogen and oxygen gases from permeating and mixing on both sides. The hydrogen production electrode 8 and the oxygen production electrode 9 are placed in the hydrogen production chamber and the oxygen production chamber respectively, and the hydrogen production electrode 8 and the oxygen production electrode 9 are in electrical contact with the conductive column in the corresponding flow channel. Porous diaphragms 10 are provided between the supercapacitor plate 3 and the hydrogen production electrode 8, and between the supercapacitor plate 3 and the oxygen production electrode 9, to physically separate them, so that the distance between the electrodes is kept as small as possible to reduce the ohmic drop of the solution and avoid electrical contact between the electrodes.

[0030] In practice, the corresponding technical measures also include:

[0031] The electrolytic cell can be a single-chamber electrolytic cell consisting of a single electrolytic chamber, or a multi-chamber electrolytic cell consisting of multiple electrolytic chambers connected in series.

[0032] The structure of the single-chamber electrolyzer is as follows: between a pair of end plates 1, screws 7 evenly distributed along the circumference press the supercapacitor plates 3, the hydrogen-producing electrodes 8 and oxygen-producing electrodes 9 located on both sides of the supercapacitor plates 3, and the porous diaphragm 10 into a disc-shaped electrolyzer. The end plates form flow channels on both sides. The conductive pillars are the end plate protrusions on the inner side of each end plate. On the outer side of the pair of end plates 1, positive terminal lugs 15 for connecting to the positive power supply plate and negative terminal lugs 14 for connecting to the negative power supply plate are respectively provided.

[0033] The structure of the multi-chamber electrolyzer is as follows: multiple electrolyzer chambers are press-fitted into a series between a pair of end plates 1 by screws 7 evenly distributed along the circumference, forming a cylindrical electrolyzer. In specific implementation, the number of electrolyzer chambers is set to match the electrolysis power in a series configuration for industrial-scale hydrogen production (the number of electrolyzer chambers can be up to 150). The electrolyzer chambers at both ends of the cylinder have flow channels formed on their outer sides by end plates 1 corresponding to one end. Conductive flow channel plates 2 are set between two adjacent electrolyzer chambers to form flow channels. The relay terminals 5 of the conductive flow channel plates and the relay terminals 6 of the supercapacitor plates protrude from the cylinder. The outer periphery of the body; positive terminal lugs 15 for connecting the positive power supply plate and negative terminal lugs 14 for connecting the negative power supply plate are provided one-to-one on the outer side of a pair of end plates 1; the conductive pillars include end plate protrusions provided on the inner side of each end plate 1, and channel plate protrusions provided on both sides of the conductive flow channel plate 2; the end plate protrusions and channel plate protrusions serve as conductive pillars, and their protruding apexes are in close electrical contact with the hydrogen production electrode and the oxygen production electrode, forming a flow channel between the conductive flow channel plate and the electrode for electrolyte flow and reaction on the electrode; sealing gaskets 4 are provided between the conductive flow channel plate 2, the supercapacitor plate 3 and the circumferential electrode frame of the end plate 1 to prevent electrolyte leakage.

[0034] Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, an axially penetrating end plate, supercapacitor plate, and conductive flow channel plate of the cylinder are connected to a circumferential electrode frame, and a sealing gasket is provided to respectively establish an electrolyte inlet channel 11, a hydrogen-side gas-liquid outlet channel 12, and an oxygen-side gas-liquid outlet channel 13. Each channel, together with the external pipelines of the electrolytic cell, the gas-liquid separation tank, the pump, and the flow meter, constitutes an electrolyte circulation system. The hydrogen production chamber of each electrolytic cell is connected to the hydrogen-side gas-liquid outlet channel 12, and the oxygen production chamber of each electrolytic cell is connected to the oxygen-side gas-liquid outlet channel 13. The electrolyte containing hydrogen bubbles and the electrolytic cell containing oxygen bubbles are respectively introduced into the hydrogen separation tank and the oxygen separation tank. After gas-liquid separation, hydrogen and oxygen enter subsequent drying, impurity removal, and pressurization processes, and finally enter the hydrogen storage cylinder and the oxygen storage cylinder. The liquid phases after gas-liquid separation are combined and guided back into the electrolytic cell through the electrolyte inlet channel 11, forming an electrolyte circulation loop.

[0035] Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the supercapacitor plate 3 is preferably a rigid, solid separator with a diameter of 2cm-2m and a thickness of 0.1-5mm. It is formed by high-pressure pressing of active powder, conductive agent, binder and current collector substrate together, and the applied pressure is preferably not less than 10MPa. The current collector substrate material is foamed nickel, foamed titanium or reticulated glassy carbon (RVC). The center of the supercapacitor plate 3 is an active material disc 16. On the outer periphery of the active material disc 16 is a conductive ring circumferential frame 17 with the same thickness as the active material disc 16. The conductive ring circumferential frame 17 and the conductive flow channel plate 2 are set to have the same outer diameter. The inner edge of the conductive ring circumferential frame 17 is in close contact with the outer edge of the active material disc 16 to ensure good electrical contact. The material of the conductive ring circumferential frame 17 is the same as the material of the conductive flow channel plate.

[0036] The active material disc 16 in the supercapacitor plate 3 is made of conductive micro-nano powder, which is a single component or a composite of multiple components such as activated carbon micro powder, biomass carbon powder, graphene or carbon nanotube sol, conductive polymer, and semiconductor oxide powder. The supercapacitor plate 3 is suitable for both alkaline electrolytes such as KOH and acidic electrolytes such as H2SO4.

[0037] The hydrogen production electrode 8 is made of noble metals Pt or Pd, or a complex of noble metals Pt or Pd and carbon, or elemental or compound forms of transition metals Ni, Mo, W, Co, Cu and Fe.

[0038] The oxygen-generating electrode 9 is made of metal oxide Ru or Ir, or a complex of metal oxide Ru or Ir with carbon, or a transition metal compound of Ni, Co, Cu or Fe.

[0039] In specific implementation, the control method for the pressure filter electrolyzer used in the supercapacitor decoupled water electrolysis for hydrogen production in this embodiment is as follows:

[0040] For a single-chamber electrolyzer, the supercapacitor plate 3 in the electrolysis chamber is controlled to alternately connect with the hydrogen production electrode 8 and the oxygen production electrode 9 at a set time interval, so that a cycle of charging and discharging is formed on the supercapacitor plate 3, alternately coupling the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions on the cathode and anode.

[0041] For multi-chamber electrolyzers, the supercapacitor plates 3 in each electrolyzer chamber are controlled to be synchronously and alternately connected to the hydrogen production electrode 8 and the oxygen production electrode 9 in each electrolyzer chamber at a set time interval, so that a cycle of charging and discharging is formed on the supercapacitor plates 3, and the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions on the cathode and anode are alternately coupled.

[0042] In practice, a time relay or other time control device is set up to enable automatic control of the alternating connection of the supercapacitor plates between the oxygen-producing electrode and the hydrogen-producing electrode.

[0043] In this embodiment, the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions proceed in steps. When the supercapacitor plate is connected to the oxygen-producing electrode, a water reduction reaction occurs on the hydrogen-producing electrode. Simultaneously, electrons are released from the electric double layer on the supercapacitor plate to the external circuit, causing the potential to increase slightly, but it is still significantly lower than the potential required for the oxygen evolution reaction (at this point, the reaction on the oxygen-producing electrode stops). When the supercapacitor plate is connected to the hydrogen-producing electrode, OH- occurs on the oxygen-producing electrode. - During the oxidation of ions, the electric double layer on the supercapacitor plates absorbs electrons from the external circuit, causing a decrease in potential, but it is still significantly higher than the potential required for the hydrogen evolution reaction (at which point the reaction stops at the hydrogen production electrode). This alternating charging and discharging process of the electric double layer occurs on the supercapacitor plates.

[0044] Only the charging and discharging processes of the electric double layer need to occur on the supercapacitor plates, but Faraday reactions (non-hydrogen evolution reactions) of active groups or atoms on the plates are also allowed.

[0045] In this embodiment, the active material of the supercapacitor plate is activated carbon powder, and the current collector substrate is nickel foam. The active powder, conductive agent, binder, and a suitable amount of water are mixed into a uniform thin paste, which is then coated into the micropores of the nickel foam substrate. After drying, it is pressed into a rigid, solid separator with a diameter of 0.5 μm and a thickness of 1.1 mm under a pressure of 18 MPa. The electrolyte is 20-30% KOH. Both the hydrogen-generating electrode and the oxygen-generating electrode use industrial nickel mesh electrodes as substrates, with NiMo and NiFe plated on their surfaces as catalysts, respectively. The circumferential frame, conductive flow channel plate, and end plates of the supercapacitor plate are made of nickel plate, or nickel-plated cast iron or stainless steel metal plate.

[0046] Test 1: A single electrolysis cell was tested under controlled current mode, and the voltage-time graph was obtained as follows. Figure 4 The hydrogen production voltage and oxygen production voltage exhibit periodic variations as the circuit alternates, increasing with increasing applied current density. Within a half-cycle, the voltage rises with time, primarily due to the charging and discharging of the capacitor electrodes; the magnitude of the voltage increase is related to the applied current density. When the current density is 1500 A / m... -2 During this time, the voltage rises from approximately 1.0V to 1.35V within half a cycle. This occurs when the current density is 250A / m². -2 During this period, the voltage rises from approximately 0.8V to 0.9V within half a cycle. This demonstrates that the hydrogen and oxygen production process can still proceed even when the voltage drops to 0.8-0.9V.

[0047] Test 2: A single electrolysis cell was tested under controlled voltage mode, and the current-time graph was obtained as follows. Figure 5The hydrogen production current and oxygen production current exhibit periodic variations as the circuit alternates, increasing with the applied voltage. Within a half-cycle, the current decreases over time, primarily due to the charging and discharging of the capacitor electrodes; the magnitude of this decrease is related to the applied voltage. At a voltage of 1.23V, the current density increases from approximately 3000 A / m² within a half-cycle. -2 The above gradually decreased to about 1000 A m -2 The hydrogen and oxygen production process can still proceed even when the voltage drops to 0.8-0.9V.

[0048] In Test 1 and Test 2, the supercapacitor plates were rigid, solid plates with a thickness of 1.1 mm, formed by pressing activated carbon powder, conductive agent, binder, and current collector foam nickel substrate together under a pressure of 18 MPa; the electrolysis temperature was set to room temperature of 25℃, the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution alternation time was 20 s, the hydrogen generation electrode was a nickel mesh electroplated with NiMo, the oxygen generation electrode was a nickel mesh electroplated with NiFe, and the electrolyte was 2M KOH.

[0049] This invention introduces supercapacitor plates into the electrolysis chamber of a pressure filter electrolyzer to spatially isolate hydrogen and oxygen production. It has excellent gas barrier performance, strong pressure resistance, and good stability, and can be directly adapted to renewable energy sources with power fluctuations and intermittent characteristics, so as to realize flexible hydrogen production from renewable energy green electricity.

[0050] The above is an exemplary description of the invention. Obviously, the specific implementation of the invention is not limited to the above-described manner. Any non-substantial improvement made using the inventive concept and technical solution of the invention, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution to other situations without modification, is within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A pressure filter electrolyzer for hydrogen production via supercapacitor-decoupled water electrolysis, characterized in that: In the electrolytic cell, a supercapacitor plate (3) is used to divide the electrolysis chamber into a hydrogen production chamber and an oxygen production chamber. The hydrogen production electrode (8) and the oxygen production electrode (9) are placed in the hydrogen production chamber and the oxygen production chamber respectively. The hydrogen production electrode (8) and the oxygen production electrode (9) are in electrical contact with the conductive column in the corresponding flow channel. A porous membrane (10) is provided between the supercapacitor plate (3) and the hydrogen production electrode (8), and between the supercapacitor plate (3) and the oxygen production electrode (9) for physical separation. The electrolytic cell is configured as a multi-chamber electrolytic cell consisting of multiple electrolytic chambers connected in series. The structure of the multi-chamber electrolytic cell is as follows: multiple electrolytic chambers are press-fitted into a string by screws (7) evenly distributed along the circumference between a pair of end plates (1) to form a cylindrical electrolytic cell; The electrolysis chambers at both ends of the cylinder each form a flow channel on the outside with an end plate (1) corresponding to one end; a conductive flow channel plate (2) is set between two adjacent electrolysis chambers, and the flow channel is formed by the conductive flow channel plate (2); Positive terminal lugs (15) for connecting the positive terminal of the power supply and negative terminal lugs (14) for connecting the negative terminal of the power supply are provided on the outer side of the pair of end plates (1); the conductive post includes end plate protrusions provided on the inner side of each end plate (1) and channel plate protrusions provided on both sides of the conductive flow channel plate (2). A hydrogen-side gas-liquid discharge channel (12) and an oxygen-side gas-liquid discharge channel (13) are provided along the axial direction of the cylinder; the hydrogen production chamber of each electrolysis chamber is connected to the hydrogen-side gas-liquid discharge channel (12), and the oxygen production chamber of each electrolysis chamber is connected to the oxygen-side gas-liquid discharge channel (13).

2. The pressure filter electrolyzer for hydrogen production via supercapacitor decoupled water electrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supercapacitor plate (3) is a rigid solid plate with an active material disc (16) at its center. The outer periphery of the active material disc (16) is a conductive ring frame (17) of the same thickness as the active material disc (16).

3. The pressure filter electrolyzer for hydrogen production via supercapacitor decoupled water electrolysis according to claim 2, characterized in that: The active material disc (16) in the supercapacitor plate (3) is made of conductive micro-nano powder.

4. A control method for a pressure filter electrolyzer for hydrogen production via supercapacitor decoupled water electrolysis as described in claim 1, characterized in that: For a multi-chamber electrolyzer, the supercapacitor plates (3) in each electrolyzer are controlled to be synchronously and alternately connected to the hydrogen production electrode (8) and the oxygen production electrode (9) in each electrolyzer at a set time interval, so that a cycle of charging and discharging is formed on the supercapacitor plates (3), and the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions on the cathode and anode are alternately coupled.

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