A ship model for structural mechanics analysis and its manufacturing method

Abstract

A ship model for structural mechanics analysis and its manufacturing method are disclosed. The hull is a one-piece molded shell structure, and the hull profile is consistent with the outer shell of the ship structure to be verified. Multiple mass blocks, each with a sheet-like structure, are spaced apart along the length of the hull. The mass distribution of these mass blocks is consistent with the mass distribution of the internal structure of the ship to be verified. A mounting frame is mounted above each mass block. A measuring beam, positioned along the length of the ship, is rigidly connected to the mass blocks via the mounting frame. An optical fiber sensor array is mounted on the measuring beam, arranged along its length on its surface. The optical fiber sensor array measures the strain distribution of the measuring beam. This eliminates the need for segmented ship model design, reduces manufacturing steps, and accurately acquires continuous modal information. This makes the ship model structure suitable for preliminary design and mechanical performance verification of large ships, enabling more precise verification of ship structural reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ship structural mechanics analysis technology, and in particular to a ship model for ship structural mechanics analysis. Background Technology

[0002] Over the past two decades, the increasing size of ships, the widespread use of high-strength steel, and the increasing speed of ships have made wave-induced vibration of ship hulls more and more pronounced. Regardless of the size of the waves, if the ship's length, speed, and stiffness all reach a certain range—meaning the hull's vibration frequency in the water is close to the wave-induced frequency—wave-induced vibration will occur. This phenomenon has a significant negative impact on the fatigue life of ship structures.

[0003] Currently, besides using three-dimensional hydroelasticity numerical analysis to predict the hydroelastic response of ship structures, model tank testing is a crucial method for verifying wave loads and monitoring the fatigue damage caused by wave-induced vibrations. Conventional hydroelastic response testing requires using segmented ship models to measure the load on each section. Since the load distribution along the ship's length is discontinuous, it's impossible to accurately obtain the true load magnitude. Furthermore, based on hydrostatic analysis, industry experts often believe that cutting the ship model three times—at L / 4, L / 2, and 3L / 4 (L being the ship's length)—and monitoring the bending moment and shear force at these three sections is sufficient for the test objectives. Some tests use as many as ten or more segments to approximate the external load curve, but this places extremely stringent requirements on manufacturing processes; even major shipbuilding standards only use a trapezoidal distribution to provide an approximate load range.

[0004] Meanwhile, the above-mentioned problems also exist in the measurement of dry modal parameters or frequency modes of ship models in the segmented models, namely, the inability to accurately obtain continuous state information of the modes.

[0005] In fact, the wave load of a real ship is not similar to the hydrostatic load of a ship. The amplitude of the wave load is often an order of magnitude larger than that of the hydrostatic load. When wave-induced vibration occurs, the load will have obvious high-order vibration peaks. At present, there are no mandatory calculation regulations and test verifications for the classification of large ships. Therefore, accurately obtaining the load distribution pattern along the length of the ship is a task that the shipbuilding industry has not yet completed.

[0006] When designing ship models, the first thing that comes to mind is full-size scaling, that is, a three-dimensional linear reduction in length, width and height. However, the hull structure is composed of plates and beams, and an excessively large scaling ratio will make the skeleton of the ship model particularly thin and lack the possibility of processing. Therefore, segmented ship models have long been a simple method for measuring the discontinuous loads of the ship model segments, and there is currently no question in the field about the accuracy of measuring external loads of segmented ship models. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In response to the shortcomings of the existing production technologies, the applicant provides a ship model and its manufacturing method for ship structural mechanics analysis. This eliminates the need to consider ship model segmentation, reduces ship model processing steps, accurately obtains continuous state information of modes, and makes the ship model structure suitable for preliminary design and mechanical performance verification of large ships, enabling more precise verification of ship structural reliability.

[0008] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0009] A ship model for structural mechanics analysis of ships includes a hull, which is an integrally formed shell structure, and the hull profile is consistent with the outer shell of the ship structure to be verified.

[0010] The hull contains multiple mass blocks, which are plate-like structures.

[0011] The mass blocks are spaced apart along the length of the hull, and the mass distribution of the multiple mass blocks is consistent with the mass distribution of the internal structure of the ship to be verified.

[0012] Each mass block is equipped with a mounting bracket on top;

[0013] It also includes a measuring beam arranged along the length of the ship, the measuring beam being rigidly connected to the mass block via a mounting bracket;

[0014] An optical fiber sensor array is provided on the measuring beam. The optical fiber sensor array is arranged on the surface of the measuring beam along the length direction of the measuring beam. The optical fiber sensor array is used to measure the strain distribution of the measuring beam.

[0015] Its further technical solution lies in:

[0016] The hull and mass blocks are formed using 3D printing.

[0017] The hull and mass block are separate structures.

[0018] Multiple grooves are spaced apart on the inner surface of the hull along its length. The length of each groove is aligned with the cross section of the hull. The outer periphery of the mass block fits tightly with the groove. Multiple stops are rotatably arranged on the upper surfaces of both sides of the hull. Each stop corresponds to a groove and engages with the upper side of a single mass block for vertical positioning.

[0019] The mounting frame consists of a base fixedly mounted above each mass block, and a fixing ring on the base that mates with the outer circumferential surface of the measuring beam. The fixing ring is used to rigidly connect the measuring beam to the base.

[0020] Each mass block has a pre-embedded connecting bolt at its upper part, and the connecting bolt is detachably and fixedly connected to the base.

[0021] The fixed ring has the following structure: it includes an upper half ring and a lower half ring located below the upper half ring. The lower half ring is connected to the base. The upper half ring and the lower half ring are fitted together to form a ring structure. The inner circumferential surface of the ring structure matches the outer wall surface of the measuring beam.

[0022] The measuring beam is a circular tubular structure.

[0023] The fiber optic sensor group includes one or more of the following: an upper fiber optic sensor installed on the inner wall above the measuring beam; a lower fiber optic sensor installed on the inner wall below the measuring beam; a left fiber optic sensor installed on the inner wall to the left of the measuring beam; a right fiber optic sensor installed on the inner wall to the right of the measuring beam; and a spiral fiber optic sensor installed in a spiral shape on the inner wall of the measuring beam. The length directions of the upper, lower, left, and right fiber optic sensors are parallel to the axis of the measuring beam, and the extension direction of the spiral line of the spiral fiber optic sensor is consistent with the length direction of the measuring beam.

[0024] A method for fabricating a ship model for structural mechanics analysis includes the following steps:

[0025] S1: The hull is fabricated using 3D printing based on the hull profile information of the ship structure to be verified, and multiple grooves are spaced apart on the inner surface of the hull along its length.

[0026] S2: Configure multiple mass blocks that correspond one-to-one with the grooves according to the mass distribution of the ship structure to be verified. The mass distribution of the combined mass blocks is consistent with the mass distribution of the internal structure of the ship to be verified. The mass blocks are made by 3D printing.

[0027] S3: After assembling the mass block into the groove, limit the mass block to ensure a rigid connection between the mass block and the hull.

[0028] S4: A measuring beam can be detachably installed above the mass block, with the axis of the measuring beam aligned with the ship's length direction;

[0029] S5: Install the fiber optic sensor group on the measuring beam and connect the fiber optic sensor group to the data acquisition instrument;

[0030] S6: After S1-S5 are completed, the entire ship model is supported, and then a load is applied to the hull. The strain generated at the measuring beam is measured by the fiber optic sensor group.

[0031] S7: Process the strain data obtained by the acquisition instrument, analyze and obtain the mechanical properties of the ship model, and then reflect the actual mechanical properties of the ship structure to be verified.

[0032] S8: When the mechanical properties of the ship model in S7 do not meet the design requirements, adjust the ship structure according to the strain, change the mass distribution of multiple mass blocks and / or the structure of the measuring beam, repeat steps S2-S5 to assemble the ship model, and then proceed to step S6 until the optimal ship structure is verified.

[0033] Its further technical solution lies in:

[0034] In step S5: The measuring beam is a circular tubular structure. Slots are cut along the entire length of the upper and lower inner walls of the measuring beam to house the upper and lower fiber optic sensors, respectively. Slots are also cut along the entire length of the left and right inner walls of the measuring beam to house the left and right fiber optic sensors, respectively. A spiral fiber optic sensor is arranged along the entire length of the inner wall of the measuring beam. The upper, lower, left, right, and spiral fiber optic sensors do not overlap.

[0035] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0036] This invention features a compact and rational structure, and is easy to operate. It uses a mass block with a specific mass distribution set in an integrally molded hull to simulate the mass distribution of the ship structure to be verified. By using continuous fiber optic sensors to flexibly select strain measurement points, it eliminates the need to consider ship model segmentation, the placement of pressure irons, or waterproofing work, reducing ship model processing steps and improving the efficiency and accuracy of ship model manufacturing. It accurately obtains continuous state information of the modes, making the ship model structure suitable for the preliminary design and mechanical performance verification of large ships, and enabling more precise verification of the reliability of ship structures.

[0037] Furthermore, the present invention also has the following advantages:

[0038] (1) By setting the hull and mass block as a separate structure, the hull can be reused. When the corresponding design parameters of the ship structure to be verified are changed, the structure of the ship model can be adjusted by replacing the mass block, which facilitates the reuse of the ship model after optimization design, reduces costs and shortens the production cycle.

[0039] (2) The base, which is fixed relative to the mass block, serves to support the measuring beam. It is detachably connected to the measuring beam through a fixing ring, making it easy to replace the measuring beam.

[0040] (3) By setting the measuring beam as a circular tubular structure and setting different arrangements of the five fiber optic sensors in the fiber optic sensor group, strain measurement of the ship model under different stress states can be realized, which is convenient and fast. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention (the measuring beam is not installed).

[0044] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating the process of installing the mass block according to the present invention.

[0045] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the hull of the ship of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 6 This is a front view of the hull of the ship according to the present invention.

[0047] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the fiber optic sensor group when the measuring beam of this invention is a rectangular tube.

[0048] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the fiber optic sensor group when the measuring beam of this invention is a circular tube.

[0049] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the fiber optic sensor group (spiral fiber optic sensor) when the measuring beam is a circular tube according to the present invention.

[0050] The components are as follows: 11. Hull; 12. Stop block; 13. Groove; 2. Mass block; 21. Connecting bolt; 3. Measuring beam; 4. Mounting frame; 41. Base; 42. Fixing ring; 421. Lower half ring; 422. Upper half ring; 5. Fiber optic sensor group; 51. Upper fiber optic sensor; 52. Lower fiber optic sensor; 53. Left fiber optic sensor; 54. Right fiber optic sensor; 55. Helical fiber optic sensor; 6. Electrical control room; 7. Propeller. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0052] Example 1:

[0053] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the ship model used for ship structural mechanics analysis in this embodiment includes a hull 11, which is an integrally formed shell structure. The profile of the hull 11 is consistent with the shell structure of the ship to be verified.

[0054] Multiple mass blocks 2 are installed inside the hull 11. The mass blocks 2 are plate-shaped structures. Specifically, the plane of the mass blocks 2 is parallel to the transverse section of the hull 11 and perpendicular to the mid-longitudinal section of the hull 11.

[0055] Mass blocks 2 are spaced apart along the length of the hull 11, and the mass distribution of multiple mass blocks 2 is consistent with the mass distribution of the internal structure of the ship to be verified.

[0056] Specifically, the mass distribution of mass block 2 refers to the mass distribution of a single mass block 2 and the combination of mass distributions of multiple mass blocks 2. The mass distribution of mass block 2 makes the mass distribution of the ship model consistent with that of the ship structure to be verified, which is used to more accurately simulate the structural distribution of equipment, cabins and other structures in large ship structures. This avoids the use of manually adjusted weights to set the mass distribution and improves the accuracy of the ship model structure.

[0057] Each mass block 2 is provided with a mounting frame 4 above it; it also includes a measuring beam 3 arranged along the length of the ship, and the measuring beam 3 is detachably and fixedly connected to the mass block 2 through the mounting frame 4.

[0058] A fiber optic sensor group 5 is installed on the measuring beam 3. The fiber optic sensor group 5 is arranged on the surface of the measuring beam 3 along the length direction of the measuring beam 3. The fiber optic sensor group 5 is used to measure the strain distribution of the measuring beam 3.

[0059] The measuring beam 3 is a continuous component that bears external loads when the ship model undergoes vertical bending, horizontal bending deformation, and torsional deformation during mechanical performance verification. It is usually made of metal materials such as steel, aluminum alloy, and stainless steel, or it can be made of similar isotropic materials with high elastic modulus. The measuring beam 3 can be in the form of an I-beam, a round tube, or a rectangular tube, and fiber optic sensors are arranged on the surface of the measuring beam 3.

[0060] The fiber optic sensor group 5 consists of one or more fiber optic sensors. These sensors are purchased externally and are distributed fiber optic sensing instruments that detect strain based on the principle of optical frequency domain reflection (OFDR). Employing a dynamic acquisition method, they can test the strain distribution during vertical bending, horizontal bending, and torsional deformation along the length of beam 3, thereby deriving the vertical bending load, horizontal bending load, and torque. The fiber optic sensors are attached and fixed to the measuring beam 3 along its length. The leads of the fiber optic sensors are connected to the acquisition instrument. By combining fiber optic sensors with the integral hull 11, multi-point strain information acquisition is achieved, and the location of strain acquisition can be freely determined.

[0061] Specifically, the deformation of the hull 11 is transmitted to the mounting frame 4 through the mass block 2, and then to the measuring beam 3 through the mounting frame 4. The strain is measured by the fiber optic sensor group 5 installed on the measuring beam 3.

[0062] In this embodiment, the ship model can be tested for mass, inertia, and frequency on land, and can also be used to determine vertical, horizontal, and torsional wave loads. When navigating in water to conduct wet mode and wave load tests, a propeller 7 can be installed at the rear of the hull 11 for more precise ballast. An electrical control room 6 can be installed at the stern of the hull 11, where the data acquisition instrument, propulsion controller, and signal transmitter and receiver are all located. When the model is navigating in water, it can be controlled via wireless signals. When measuring the dry modal parameters or frequency modes of the ship model, the ship model needs to be hoisted. The fiber optic sensor group 5 is electrically connected to the data acquisition instrument, which is located on the control console in the laboratory. The control console is used to receive and analyze strain signals.

[0063] It should be noted that the hull 11 can be integrally molded using flexible, lightweight, and waterproof materials, such as nylon, resin, polypropylene, and acrylonitrile, through 3D printing or injection molding, preferably 3D printing, as no additional molds are required. A separate mass block 2 is designed, with its material center of gravity pre-set to precisely control the weight center of gravity of the insert-type mass block 2. The mass block 2 is made of a layered, adjustable-density material, such as ceramic, metal, or alkali-activated cementitious material, preferably using 3D printing to form a layered density structure. A single mass block 2 can also be assembled from block structures of different mass densities. By adjusting the density structure of different parts of the mass block 2, a specific mass distribution can be achieved. The mass block 2 and the hull 11 can be integrally molded using the same material, or the hull 11 can be molded separately and then assembled with the mass block 2. The focus is on matching the mass distribution in the mass block 2. The hull 11 can also be manufactured in conjunction with the mass distribution of the outer shell of the ship structure to be verified during the molding process.

[0064] Mass blocks 2 with a specific mass distribution are set inside the integrally formed hull 11 to simulate the mass distribution of the ship structure to be verified. By using continuous fiber optic sensors to flexibly select strain measurement points, there is no need to consider ship model segmentation, no need to place pressure irons, and no need for waterproofing. This reduces the number of ship model processing steps, improves the efficiency and accuracy of ship model manufacturing, accurately obtains continuous state information of modes, and makes the ship model structure suitable for the preliminary design and mechanical performance verification of large ships, so as to more accurately verify the reliability of ship structures.

[0065] Furthermore, the structure of hull 11 and mass block 2 has been optimized to make design and manufacturing more convenient.

[0066] The hull 11 and mass block 2 are formed by 3D printing. 3D printing does not require large molds and allows for more precise control over the mass distribution of mass block 2.

[0067] like Figures 4-6As shown, the hull 11 and the mass block 2 are separate structures.

[0068] Multiple grooves 13 are spaced apart along the length of the hull 11 on the inner surface of the hull 11. The length of a single groove 13 is consistent with the cross section direction of the hull 11. The outer periphery of the mass block 2 is tightly fitted with the groove 13. Multiple stops 12 are rotatably arranged on the upper end surfaces of both sides of the hull 11. The stops 12 correspond one-to-one with the grooves 13. The stops 12 cooperate with the upper side of a single mass block 2 for vertical limiting of the mass block 2.

[0069] Specifically, the outer periphery of the mass block 2 is tightly fitted with the groove 13 and can be disassembled. On the one hand, this allows the deformation of the hull 11 to be better transmitted to the mass block 2, and on the other hand, it facilitates the replacement of the mass block 2. The stop block 12 is rotatably engaged with the shaft at the upper end of the hull 11. The horizontal rotation of the stop block 12 allows it to move away from or closer to the mass block 2. The engagement between the stop block 12 and the upper end of a single mass block 2 can be a snap-fit ​​or a downward pressing method to prevent the mass block 2 from detaching from the groove 13.

[0070] By setting the hull 11 and mass block 2 as a separate structure, the hull 11 can be reused. When the corresponding design parameters of the ship structure to be verified are changed, the structure of the ship model can be adjusted by replacing the mass block 2, which facilitates the reuse of the ship model 11 after optimization design, reduces costs and shortens the production cycle.

[0071] Furthermore, the structure of the mounting bracket 4 has been optimized to make the installation and replacement of the measuring beam 3 more convenient.

[0072] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the mounting frame 4 comprises a base 41 fixedly mounted above each mass block 2. The base 41 has a retaining ring 42 that mates with the outer circumferential surface of the measuring beam 3. The retaining ring 42 is used to detachably and securely connect the measuring beam 3 to the base 41. The base 41, which remains stationary relative to the mass block 2, supports the measuring beam 3 and is detachably connected to the measuring beam 3 via the retaining ring 42, facilitating the replacement of the measuring beam 3.

[0073] like Figures 2-4 As shown, each mass block 2 has a pre-embedded connecting bolt 21 on its upper part, and the connecting bolt 21 is detachably and fixedly connected to the base 41.

[0074] like Figures 2-3 As shown, the structure of the fixed ring 42 is as follows: it includes an upper half ring 422 and a lower half ring 421 located below the upper half ring 422. The lower half ring 421 is connected to the base 41. The upper half ring 422 and the lower half ring 421 are fitted together to form a ring structure. The inner circumferential surface of the ring structure matches the outer wall surface of the measuring beam 3.

[0075] Specifically, the lower half ring 421 and the base 41 can be an integral structure or a detachable fixed connection. The upper half ring 422 and the upper half ring 422 can be hinged at one end and connected by fasteners at the other end. The ring structure fits tightly against the outer wall of the measuring beam 3, so that the force can be better transmitted. When the measuring beam 3 is a round tube, the ring structure is circular. When the measuring beam 3 is a rectangular tube, the ring structure is rectangular.

[0076] Example 2:

[0077] When beam 3 is a rectangular tube, such as Figure 7 As shown, the length direction of the fiber optic sensor is parallel to the axis of the measuring beam 3, and it is arranged on the inner wall of the rectangular tube. Figure 7 In the middle, 'ac' indicates the arrangement of the fiber optic sensor during vertical load measurement;

[0078] When measuring beam 3 is a circular tube, such as Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the length direction of the fiber optic sensor is parallel to the axis of the measuring beam 3 and is arranged on the inner wall of the rectangular tube. Alternatively, the fiber optic sensor can be arranged in a spiral shape on the inner wall of the rectangular tube.

[0079] Based on Example 1, the specific cross-sectional shape of the measuring beam 3 was further selected, and the setting method of the fiber optic sensor was combined to make the measurement of the ship model more convenient.

[0080] like Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, measuring beam 3 is a circular tubular structure.

[0081] Because the stiffness of the ship structure is inconsistent along the length of the ship, the use of a variable cross-section measuring beam 3 makes the construction of the ship model more precise. This variable cross-section measuring beam 3 needs to bear the longitudinal load of the ship model, and is often constructed by welding. If the measuring beam 3 is set to a variable cross-section, it can be constructed with the same inner diameter but different cross-sectional areas in different sections. The circular tubular structure of the measuring beam 3 is convenient for measuring the strain under various deformation conditions.

[0082] like Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, the fiber optic sensor group 5 includes one or more of the following: an upper fiber optic sensor 51 installed on the inner wall above the measuring beam 3; a lower fiber optic sensor 52 installed on the inner wall below the measuring beam 3; a left fiber optic sensor 53 installed on the inner wall to the left of the measuring beam 3; a right fiber optic sensor 54 installed on the inner wall to the right of the measuring beam 3; and a spiral fiber optic sensor 55 installed in a spiral shape on the inner wall of the measuring beam 3. The length directions of the upper fiber optic sensor 51, lower fiber optic sensor 52, left fiber optic sensor 53, and right fiber optic sensor 54 are parallel to the axis of the measuring beam 3, and the extension direction of the spiral line of the spiral fiber optic sensor 55 is consistent with the length direction of the measuring beam 3.

[0083] During measurement, depending on the different force states of the ship model, the specific composition of the fiber optic sensor group 5 may include the following situations:

[0084] 1. When measuring the vertical bending moment of the ship model, an upper fiber optic sensor 51 can be installed along the entire length of the inner wall above the measuring beam 3, or a lower fiber optic sensor 52 can be installed along the entire length of the inner wall below the measuring beam 3. Alternatively, upper fiber optic sensors 51 and lower fiber optic sensors 52 can be installed along the entire length of the inner wall above and below the measuring beam 3, respectively. Figure 8 As shown in d to f;

[0085] 2. To measure the horizontal bending moment of the ship model, it is necessary to simultaneously install a left fiber optic sensor 53 and a right fiber optic sensor 54 on the left and right inner walls of the measuring beam 3, respectively. Figure 8 As shown in g.

[0086] Third, to measure the torque of the ship model, a helical fiber optic sensor 55 needs to be installed along the inner wall of the measuring beam 3 in a spiral shape along its entire length. Figure 9 As shown.

[0087] 4. When simultaneously measuring the vertical bending moment, horizontal bending moment, and torque of the ship model, slots need to be cut along the entire length of the inner wall surface above and below the measuring beam 3 to accommodate the upper fiber optic sensor 51 and the lower fiber optic sensor 52, respectively; slots need to be cut along the entire length of the inner wall surface on the left and right sides of the measuring beam 3 to accommodate the left fiber optic sensor 53 and the right fiber optic sensor 54, respectively; and spiral fiber optic sensors 55 arranged in a spiral shape along the entire length of the inner wall surface of the measuring beam 3, so that the five fiber optic sensors do not overlap or interfere with each other.

[0088] By setting the measuring beam 3 as a circular tubular structure and setting different arrangements of the five fiber optic sensors in the fiber optic sensor group 5, strain measurement of the ship model under different stress states can be realized in a convenient and fast manner.

[0089] Example 3:

[0090] The method for manufacturing a ship model for ship structural mechanics analysis in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0091] S1: Based on the hull line information of the ship structure to be verified, the hull 11 is fabricated by 3D printing, and multiple grooves 13 are set at intervals along the length of the hull 11 on the inner surface of the hull 11.

[0092] S2: Configure multiple mass blocks 2 corresponding one-to-one with grooves 13 according to the mass distribution of the ship structure to be verified. The mass distribution of the combined mass blocks 2 is consistent with the mass distribution of the internal structure of the ship structure to be verified. Mass blocks 2 are made by 3D printing.

[0093] S3: After assembling the mass block 2 into the groove 13, limit the mass block 2 to make the mass block 2 and the hull 11 rigidly connected.

[0094] S4: A measuring beam 3 is detachably installed above the mass block 2, with the axis of the measuring beam 3 aligned with the length of the ship. The detachable installation of the measuring beam 3 ensures a rigid connection between the measuring beam 3 and the mass block 2, while also facilitating the replacement of the measuring beam 3.

[0095] S5: Install fiber optic sensor group 5 on the measuring beam 3 and connect fiber optic sensor group 5 to the acquisition instrument; fiber optic sensor group 5 consists of one or more fiber optic sensors. The light sensor is installed on the surface of the measuring beam 3 and is pasted and fixed on the measuring beam 3 along the length direction of the light sensor. The lead wire of the light sensor is connected to the acquisition instrument. By using fiber optic sensors in combination with the integral hull 11, multi-point strain information acquisition can be realized, and the location of strain acquisition can be freely determined.

[0096] S6: After completing S1-S5, the entire ship model is supported, and then a load is applied to the hull 11. The strain generated at the measuring beam 3 is measured by the fiber optic sensor group 5. Specifically, when testing mass, inertia, and frequency on the ground, the entire ship model is supported by hoisting. When measuring vertical, horizontal, and torsional wave loads in a water tank, the entire model is supported by buoyancy.

[0097] S7: Process the strain data obtained by the acquisition instrument, analyze it to obtain the mechanical properties of the ship model, and then reflect the actual mechanical properties of the ship structure to be verified.

[0098] S8: When the mechanical properties of the ship model in S7 do not meet the design requirements, adjust the ship structure according to the strain, change the mass distribution of multiple mass blocks 2 and / or the structure of the measuring beam 3, repeat the steps of S2-S5 to assemble the ship model, and then proceed to step S6 until the optimal ship structure is verified.

[0099] The above method for manufacturing ship models involves 3D printing the hull 11 and mass block 2, assembling the hull 11 and mass block 2 to conform to the mass distribution of the ship structure to be verified. At the same time, the mass block 2 and the measuring beam 3 are detachably and fixedly connected, so that when the corresponding design parameters of the ship structure to be verified are changed, the structure of the ship model can be adjusted by replacing the mass block 2 and the measuring beam 3. This facilitates the reuse of the hull 11 after the design is optimized, reduces costs and shortens the production cycle.

[0100] Specifically, by modifying the ship structure design parameters to guide the selection of ship model components in the experiment, the new mass block 2 or measuring beam 3 can be assembled on the hull 11 after independent redesign and manufacturing or selection based on the stock of parts. This realizes the changes in the ship model structure required in the ship structural mechanics analysis process, reducing the manufacturing cost and cycle of the ship model.

[0101] Example 4:

[0102] In the ship model manufacturing method of Example 3: the measuring beam 3 is a circular tubular structure. Slots are cut along the entire length of the upper and lower inner walls of the measuring beam 3 to accommodate the upper fiber optic sensor 51 and the lower fiber optic sensor 52, respectively. Slots are also cut along the entire length of the left and right inner walls of the measuring beam 3 to accommodate the left fiber optic sensor 53 and the right fiber optic sensor 54, respectively. A spiral fiber optic sensor 55 is arranged along the entire length of the inner wall of the measuring beam 3. The upper fiber optic sensor 51, the lower fiber optic sensor 52, the left fiber optic sensor 53, the right fiber optic sensor 54, and the spiral fiber optic sensor 55 do not overlap.

[0103] In S6: A load is applied to the hull 11, subjecting it to vertical bending moment, horizontal bending moment, and torque simultaneously. The five fiber optic sensors do not overlap or interfere with each other, allowing the test to be conducted on the ship model under complex stress conditions, which is more consistent with the actual stress conditions of the ship and makes the test results more accurate.

[0104] The above description is an explanation of the present invention and not a limitation thereof. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Within the scope of protection of the present invention, any form of modification may be made.

Claims

1. A ship model for structural mechanics analysis of ships, characterized in that: Includes a hull (11), which is an integrally formed shell structure, and the profile of the hull (11) is consistent with the shell structure of the ship to be verified; The hull (11) contains a plurality of mass blocks (2), which are plate-like structures. The mass blocks (2) are spaced apart along the length of the hull (11), and the mass distribution of the multiple mass blocks (2) is consistent with the mass distribution of the internal structure of the ship to be verified. Each mass block (2) is provided with a mounting bracket (4) above it; It also includes a measuring beam (3) arranged along the length of the ship, the measuring beam (3) being rigidly connected to the mass block (2) via a mounting bracket (4); The measuring beam (3) is provided with an optical fiber sensor group (5), which is arranged on the surface of the measuring beam (3) along the length direction of the measuring beam (3). The optical fiber sensor group (5) is used to measure the strain distribution of the measuring beam (3). The hull (11) and the mass block (2) are separate structures. The inner surface of the hull (11) is provided with a plurality of grooves (13) spaced apart along the length direction of the hull (11). The length direction of a single groove (13) is consistent with the cross section direction of the hull (11). The outer periphery of the mass block (2) is tightly fitted with the groove (13). A plurality of stops (12) are rotatably provided on the upper surfaces of both sides of the hull (11). The stops (12) correspond one-to-one with the grooves (13). The stops (12) cooperate with the upper side of a single mass block (2) for vertical positioning of the mass block (2).

2. The ship model for ship structural mechanics analysis as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The hull (11) and mass block (2) are formed by 3D printing.

3. A ship model for structural mechanics analysis of ships as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of the mounting frame (4) includes a base (41) fixedly mounted above each mass block (2), and a fixing ring (42) that mates with the outer circumferential surface of the measuring beam (3) is provided on the base (41). The fixing ring (42) is used to rigidly connect the measuring beam (3) to the base (41).

4. A ship model for structural mechanics analysis of ships as described in claim 3, characterized in that: Each mass block (2) has a pre-embedded connecting bolt (21) on its upper part, and the connecting bolt (21) is detachably and fixedly connected to the base (41).

5. A ship model for structural mechanics analysis of ships as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The structure of the fixed ring (42) is as follows: it includes an upper half ring (422) and a lower half ring (421) located below the upper half ring (422). The lower half ring (421) is connected to the base (41). The upper half ring (422) and the lower half ring (421) cooperate to form a ring structure. The inner circumferential surface of the ring structure matches the outer wall surface of the measuring beam (3).

6. A ship model for structural mechanics analysis of ships as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The measuring beam (3) is a circular tubular structure.

7. A ship model for structural mechanics analysis of ships as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The fiber optic sensor group (5) includes one or more of the following: an upper fiber optic sensor (51) installed on the inner wall above the measuring beam (3), a lower fiber optic sensor (52) installed on the inner wall below the measuring beam (3), a left fiber optic sensor (53) installed on the inner wall to the left of the measuring beam (3), a right fiber optic sensor (54) installed on the inner wall to the right of the measuring beam (3), and a spiral fiber optic sensor (55) installed in a spiral shape on the inner wall of the measuring beam (3). The length direction of the upper fiber optic sensor (51), the lower fiber optic sensor (52), the left fiber optic sensor (53), and the right fiber optic sensor (54) is parallel to the axis of the measuring beam (3), and the extension direction of the spiral line of the spiral fiber optic sensor (55) is consistent with the length direction of the measuring beam (3).

8. A method for manufacturing a ship model for structural mechanics analysis of ships as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: The hull (11) is fabricated using 3D printing based on the hull profile information of the ship structure to be verified, and multiple grooves (13) are spaced apart on the inner surface of the hull (11) along the length of the hull (11). S2: Based on the mass distribution of the ship structure to be verified, configure multiple mass blocks (2) that correspond one-to-one with the groove (13). The mass distribution of the combined mass blocks (2) is consistent with the mass distribution of the internal structure of the ship structure to be verified. The mass blocks (2) are made by 3D printing. S3: After assembling the mass block (2) into the groove (13), limit the mass block (2) so that the mass block (2) and the hull (11) are rigidly connected; S4: A measuring beam (3) can be detachably installed above the mass block (2), and the axis of the measuring beam (3) is consistent with the length direction of the ship; S5: Install the fiber optic sensor group (5) on the measuring beam (3) and connect the fiber optic sensor group (5) to the data acquisition instrument; S6: After S1-S5 are completed, the ship model is supported as a whole, and then a load is applied to the hull (11). The strain generated at the measuring beam (3) is measured by the fiber optic sensor group (5). S7: Process the strain data obtained by the acquisition instrument, analyze and obtain the mechanical properties of the ship model, and then reflect the actual mechanical properties of the ship structure to be verified. S8: When the mechanical properties of the ship model in S7 do not meet the design requirements, adjust the ship structure according to the strain, change the mass distribution of multiple mass blocks (2) and / or the structure of the measuring beam (3), repeat the steps of S2-S5 to assemble the ship model, and then proceed to step S6 until the optimal ship structure is verified.

9. A method for manufacturing a ship model for ship structural mechanics analysis as described in claim 8, characterized in that: In step S5: The measuring beam (3) is a circular tubular structure. Slots are cut along the length of the inner wall surface above and below the measuring beam (3) to accommodate the upper fiber optic sensor (51) and the lower fiber optic sensor (52), respectively. Slots are cut along the length of the inner wall surface on the left and right sides of the measuring beam (3) to accommodate the left fiber optic sensor (53) and the right fiber optic sensor (54), respectively. A spiral fiber optic sensor (55) is arranged along the length of the inner wall surface of the measuring beam (3). The upper fiber optic sensor (51), the lower fiber optic sensor (52), the left fiber optic sensor (53), the right fiber optic sensor (54) and the spiral fiber optic sensor (55) do not overlap.

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