A kind of golden ear culture medium and application thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a golden fungus culture medium and its application. The golden fungus culture medium comprises Bacillus coagulans residue as a component of the raw materials. Using the golden fungus culture medium provided by the present invention to cultivate golden fungus effectively improves the fruiting rate and yield of golden fungus, thereby reducing the cost of golden fungus cultivation. Furthermore, the raw materials of the golden fungus culture medium provided by the present invention are simple and readily available, and the cultivation method is simple to operate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the biological field, and particularly relates to a golden fungus culture medium and an application thereof in culturing golden fungus. Background Art

[0002] Golden ear (Tremella aurantia) belongs to the Tremellales, Tremellaceae, Tremella genus in the classification of fungi. Because of its golden color, it is also called golden wood ear, golden tremella, and golden tremella. Because its shape resembles a human brain, it is also called brain ear and brain-shaped tremella.

[0003] Golden fungus is rich in protein, essential amino acids, multiple vitamins, golden fungus polysaccharides and trace elements such as manganese, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, etc. It is a nutritional tonic that can be eaten and used as medicine. It is a rare edible fungus that can be used as both food and medicine. Its nutritional value is better than that of gelatinous fungi such as white fungus and black fungus. It is an ideal high-end delicacy and health product.

[0004] my country began exploring the artificial cultivation technology of golden ear mushrooms in the 1980s and achieved success, and began to promote it nationwide. After more than 20 years of development, with the increase in market demand, large-scale cultivation technology of golden ear mushrooms has encountered new challenges. Currently, it mainly includes double-bacteria composite inoculation and bag cultivation, but the cultivation culture medium is one of the key factors, and there is still a need to find ways to improve the mushroom yield and production rate of golden ear mushrooms.

[0005] Bacillus coagulans is a Gram-positive bacterium with a rod-shaped cell body with blunt ends. Its spores are formed singly, in pairs, or occasionally in short chains. They are terminal and lack flagella. Their optimal growth temperature is 37-45°C and their optimal pH is 6.6-7.0. They can break down sugars to produce lactic acid, making them a homolactic fermenter widely used in large-scale industrial lactic acid production. After the fermentation mash of Bacillus coagulans undergoes extraction, the remaining residue, which contains a large amount of bacteria, must be promptly disposed of. Otherwise, it will rot and produce large amounts of wastewater and unpleasant odors, adversely affecting the surrounding environment.

[0006] Therefore, an effective and timely method for treating bacterial residue is needed to improve the comprehensive utilization value of Bacillus coagulans. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve one of the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a golden ear culture medium and a method for culturing golden ear using the same. The method adds Bacillus coagulans residue to the golden ear culture medium, thereby realizing waste recycling and being environmentally friendly.

[0008] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a Tremella fuciformis culture medium comprising Bacillus coagulans residue.

[0010] In some embodiments, the Bacillus coagulans residue is a by-product of lactic acid production and can be obtained by the following method: after the fermentation mash of Bacillus coagulans is subjected to an extraction process, a residue containing a large amount of bacteria is obtained.

[0011] In some embodiments, the fermentation mash of Bacillus coagulans can be obtained by the following method: inoculating mature Bacillus coagulans seeds at an inoculation rate of 1-10% into a liquid culture medium containing 10% peptone, 5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5% yeast powder, and 5% calcium carbonate, and culturing the culture medium at 37-45°C or with stirring for 36-48 hours.

[0012] The fermentation mash of Bacillus coagulans can also be obtained by other methods known in the art.

[0013] In some embodiments, the process for extracting the fermentation mash of Bacillus coagulans may include the following steps: passing the fermentation mash through a plate and frame filter press at a pressure of 0.1 MPa to obtain Bacillus coagulans residue.

[0014] The extraction process of the fermentation mash of Bacillus coagulans can also be implemented by other methods known in the art.

[0015] In some embodiments, the content of Bacillus coagulans cells in the Bacillus coagulans residue is 80-95%, preferably 90-95%. The cells are dead cells.

[0016] According to the present invention, adding bacillus coagulans residue to the golden fungus culture medium can significantly improve the golden fungus fruiting rate and increase the golden fungus yield.

[0017] To ensure that the inoculation and subsequent growth of golden fungus are not affected, the present invention studies the amount of Bacillus coagulans residue added. Based on 100 parts by weight of the total mass of the golden fungus culture medium, the amount of Bacillus coagulans residue added is 10-20 parts by weight, for example, 10 parts by weight, 11 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight, 13 parts by weight, 14 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, etc., 16 parts by weight, 17 parts by weight, 18 parts by weight, 19 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, preferably 10-15 parts by weight, and more preferably 12 parts by weight. Surprisingly, adding Bacillus coagulans residue within the above range not only increases the fruiting rate of golden fungus but also maintains stable growth during subsequent growth.

[0018] If the amount of Bacillus coagulans residue added is too high, it may destroy the nutritional ratio of the golden ear culture medium and is not conducive to the cultivation of golden ear.

[0019] In some embodiments, the Tremella fuciformis culture medium further includes organic materials, a phosphorus source, a carbon source and gypsum.

[0020] In some embodiments, the organic material includes one or more of cottonseed hulls, wood chips, bran, cornmeal, coconut hulls, rice hulls, and sugarcane bagasse.

[0021] In some embodiments, the phosphorus source includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate.

[0022] In some embodiments, the carbon source includes sucrose, glucose, fructose, and maltose.

[0023] In some embodiments, the raw materials of the Tremella fuciformis culture medium include 10-20 parts by weight of Bacillus coagulans residue, 30-50 parts by weight of cottonseed hulls, 30-50 parts by weight of sawdust, 10-20 parts by weight of bran, 1-10 parts by weight of cornmeal, 1-5 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-5 parts by weight of sucrose, and 1-5 parts by weight of gypsum.

[0024] In some embodiments, the Tremella fuciformis culture medium includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts by weight of Bacillus coagulans residue, 30-35 parts by weight of cottonseed hulls, 30-35 parts by weight of sawdust, 10-15 parts by weight of bran, 5-8 parts by weight of cornmeal, 1-3 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-3 parts by weight of sucrose, and 1-3 parts by weight of gypsum.

[0025] In some embodiments, the golden ear culture medium includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts by weight of Bacillus coagulans residue, 35 parts by weight of cottonseed hulls, 35 parts by weight of sawdust, 10 parts by weight of bran, 5 parts by weight of cornmeal, 1 part by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 part by weight of sucrose, and 1 part by weight of gypsum.

[0026] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for culturing golden agaric, which comprises culturing golden agaric using the golden agaric culture medium described in the first aspect.

[0027] The cultivation method of the present invention comprises: preparing a golden fungus bag using the golden fungus culture medium described in the first aspect, and then performing inoculation and cultivation to obtain the golden fungus.

[0028] In some embodiments, the inoculation conditions are as follows: in a sterile environment, the cultured golden ear seeds are inoculated into a sterilized and completely cooled fungus bag, and after inoculation, the bag is placed in a suitable environment for static cultivation. When the mushrooms begin to fruit, two holes of about 10 cm in area are opened on the fungus bag along the longitudinal axis of the fungus bag using sterile tools. 2 The two openings are about 7 to 8 cm apart, and then the culture is continued until mature fruiting bodies grow.

[0029] In some embodiments, the culture conditions are: temperature 22-25° C., relative humidity 80-90%.

[0030] In some embodiments, the inoculation, culturing, etc. described in the present invention can also be performed using conventional methods in the art.

[0031] The key point of the culture method of the present invention is also to sterilize the fungus bag before inoculation, preferably at 120-125°C for 60-70 minutes.

[0032] In some embodiments, the sterilization is performed at 121° C. for 60 minutes.

[0033] Through the sterilization, the fungus can be prevented from being infected by harmful bacteria during inoculation.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0035] The method of the present invention adds Bacillus coagulans residue to the golden fungus culture medium, thereby achieving waste recycling. Furthermore, using the golden fungus culture medium provided by the present invention to cultivate golden fungus improves the golden fungus fruiting rate, increases the golden fungus yield, and reduces the cost of golden fungus cultivation. Furthermore, the raw materials of the golden fungus culture medium provided by the present invention are simple and readily available, and the cultivation method is simple to operate.

[0036] The golden ear culture medium provided by the present invention uses the bacterial residue of the fermentation bacteria, realizes the recycling of waste generated in the fermentation production, is environmentally friendly, and further reduces the environmental protection cost of the enterprise. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the following examples. The specific embodiments described herein are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion about the concepts of the present disclosure. Such structures and technologies are also described in many publications.

[0038] definition

[0039] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as commonly used in the field to which the present invention belongs. For the purpose of interpreting this specification, the following definitions will apply, and where appropriate, terms used in the singular will also include the plural form, and vice versa.

[0040] Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, as used herein, the expressions "a" and "an" include plural references. For example, reference to "a cell" includes a plurality of such cells and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art, and so forth.

[0041] As used herein, the term "about" refers to a range of ±20% of the value that follows. In some embodiments, the term "about" refers to a range of ±10% of the value that follows. In some embodiments, the term "about" refers to a range of ±5% of the value that follows.

[0042] The following examples are provided to facilitate understanding of the present invention. However, it should be understood that these examples are intended to illustrate the present invention only and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. The actual scope of the present invention is set forth in the claims. It should be understood that any modifications and variations may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] This embodiment provides a golden agaric culture medium and a method for culturing golden agaric using the same.

[0045] (1) Preparation of golden ear mushroom bags: 35% cottonseed hulls, 35% sawdust, 12% Bacillus coagulans residue, 10% bran, 5% cornmeal, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1% sucrose, and 1% gypsum were mixed thoroughly in proportion and packed into 1000 bags, with 2000 g of material per bag, and sterilized at 121°C for 60 minutes;

[0046] (2) Inoculation and culture: The cooled fungus bag is inoculated in a sterile environment. After inoculation, it is placed in a static culture environment at a temperature of 22-25°C and a relative humidity of 80-90%. When the mushrooms begin to fruit, two holes of about 10 cm in area are opened along the longitudinal axis of the fungus bag using sterile tools. 2 The openings should be 7 to 8 cm apart, and the cultivation should continue until mature fruiting bodies grow out. After picking, the fruiting rate and conversion rate can be calculated.

[0047] The Bacillus coagulans residue of this embodiment is obtained by inoculating mature Bacillus coagulans seeds at an inoculum size of 1-10% into a liquid culture medium containing 10% peptone, 5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5% yeast powder, and 5% calcium carbonate, and culturing the culture at 37-45°C with standing or stirring for 36-48 hours to obtain a Bacillus coagulans fermentation mash. The fermentation mash is then passed through a plate and frame filter press at a pressure of 0.1 MPa to obtain a Bacillus coagulans residue containing 90-95% Bacillus coagulans cells.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] This embodiment provides a golden agaric culture medium and a method for culturing golden agaric using the same.

[0050] (1) Preparation of golden ear mushroom bags: 35% cottonseed hulls, 35% sawdust, 10% Bacillus coagulans residue, 12% bran, 5% cornmeal, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1% sucrose, and 1% gypsum were mixed thoroughly in proportion and packed into 1000 bags, with 2000 g of material per bag, and sterilized at 121°C for 60 minutes;

[0051] (2) Inoculation and culture: The cooled fungus bag is inoculated in a sterile environment. After inoculation, it is placed in a static culture environment at a temperature of 22-25°C and a relative humidity of 80-90%. When the mushrooms begin to fruit, two holes of about 10 cm in area are opened along the longitudinal axis of the fungus bag using sterile tools. 2 The openings should be 7 to 8 cm apart, and the cultivation should continue until mature fruiting bodies grow out. After picking, the fruiting rate and conversion rate can be calculated.

[0052] The Bacillus coagulans residue of this embodiment was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] This embodiment provides a golden agaric culture medium and a method for culturing golden agaric using the same.

[0055] (1) Preparation of golden ear mushroom bags: 35% cottonseed hulls, 32% sawdust, 15% Bacillus coagulans residue, 10% bran, 5% cornmeal, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1% sucrose, and 1% gypsum were mixed thoroughly in proportion and packed into 1000 bags, with each bag containing 2000 g of material, and sterilized at 121°C for 60 minutes;

[0056] (2) Inoculation and culture: The cooled fungus bag is inoculated in a sterile environment. After inoculation, it is placed in a static culture environment at a temperature of 22-25°C and a relative humidity of 80-90%. When the mushrooms begin to fruit, two holes of about 10 cm in area are opened along the longitudinal axis of the fungus bag using sterile tools. 2 The openings should be 7 to 8 cm apart, and the cultivation should continue until mature fruiting bodies grow out. After picking, the fruiting rate and conversion rate can be calculated.

[0057] The Bacillus coagulans residue of this embodiment was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0058] Example 4

[0059] This embodiment provides a golden agaric culture medium and a method for culturing golden agaric using the same.

[0060] The difference from Example 1 is that the golden ear culture medium provided in this example comprises 35% cottonseed hulls, 35% sawdust, 12% Bacillus coagulans residue, 10% bran, 5% cornmeal, 1% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 1% sucrose, and 1% gypsum.

[0061] Comparative Example 1

[0062] This comparative example provides a golden fungus culture medium and a method for culturing golden fungus using the same.

[0063] The difference from Example 1 is that the golden ear culture medium provided in this comparative example is 40% cottonseed hulls, 40% sawdust, 12% bran, 5% cornmeal, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1% sucrose, and 1% gypsum. Three groups of repeated experiments were performed using the golden ear culture medium of comparative example 1, namely comparative example 1-1, comparative example 1-2, and comparative example 1-3.

[0064] Comparative Example 2

[0065] This comparative example provides a golden fungus culture medium and a method for culturing golden fungus using the same.

[0066] The difference from Example 1 is that the Bacillus coagulans residue in the Tremella fuciformis culture medium provided in this comparative example is replaced with Bacillus subtilis residue. Mature Bacillus subtilis seeds are inoculated at an inoculum size of 1-10% into a liquid culture medium containing 10% peptone, 5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5% yeast extract, and 5% calcium carbonate. The culture is allowed to stand or stir at 37-45°C for 36-48 hours to obtain a Bacillus subtilis fermentation mash. The fermentation mash is then passed through a plate and frame filter press at a pressure of 0.1 MPa to obtain a Bacillus subtilis residue.

[0067] (1) 35% cottonseed hulls, 35% sawdust, 12% Bacillus subtilis residue, 10% bran, 5% cornmeal, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1% sucrose, and 1% gypsum were mixed thoroughly in proportion and packed into 1000 bags, with each bag containing 2000 g of material, and sterilized at 121°C for 60 minutes;

[0068] (2) Inoculation and culture: The cooled fungus bag is inoculated in a sterile environment. After inoculation, it is placed in a static culture environment at a temperature of 22-25°C and a relative humidity of 80-90%. When the mushrooms begin to fruit, two holes of about 10 cm in area are opened along the longitudinal axis of the fungus bag using sterile tools. 2 The openings should be 7 to 8 cm apart, and the cultivation should continue until mature fruiting bodies grow out. After picking, the fruiting rate and conversion rate can be calculated.

[0069] Comparative Example 3

[0070] This comparative example provides a golden fungus culture medium and a method for culturing golden fungus using the same.

[0071] The difference from Example 1 is that the Bacillus coagulans residue content in the golden ear culture medium provided in this comparative example is 5%. Mature Bacillus coagulans seeds are inoculated at an inoculum size of 1-10% into a liquid culture medium containing 10% peptone, 5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5% yeast powder, and 5% calcium carbonate. The culture is allowed to stand or stir at 37-45°C for 36-48 hours to obtain a Bacillus coagulans fermentation mash. The fermentation mash is then passed through a plate and frame filter press at a pressure of 0.1 MPa to obtain a Bacillus coagulans residue.

[0072] (1) 40% cottonseed hulls, 35% sawdust, 5% Bacillus coagulans residue, 12% bran, 5% cornmeal, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1% sucrose, and 1% gypsum were mixed thoroughly in proportion and packed into 1000 bags, with each bag containing 2000 g of material, and sterilized at 121°C for 60 minutes;

[0073] (2) Inoculation and culture: The cooled fungus bag is inoculated in a sterile environment. After inoculation, it is placed in a static culture environment at a temperature of 22-25°C and a relative humidity of 80-90%. When the mushrooms begin to fruit, two holes of about 10 cm in area are opened along the longitudinal axis of the fungus bag using sterile tools. 2 The openings should be 7 to 8 cm apart, and the cultivation should continue until mature fruiting bodies grow out. After picking, the fruiting rate and conversion rate can be calculated.

[0074] Comparative Example 4

[0075] This comparative example provides a golden fungus culture medium and a method for culturing golden fungus using the same.

[0076] (1) Preparation of golden ear mushroom bags: 30% cottonseed hulls, 30% sawdust, 22% Bacillus coagulans residue, 10% bran, 5% cornmeal, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1% sucrose, and 1% gypsum were mixed thoroughly in proportion and packed into 1000 bags, with 2000 g of material per bag, and sterilized at 121°C for 60 minutes;

[0077] (2) Inoculation and culture: The cooled fungus bag is inoculated in a sterile environment. After inoculation, it is placed in a static culture environment at a temperature of 22-25°C and a relative humidity of 80-90%. When the mushrooms begin to fruit, two holes of about 10 cm in area are opened along the longitudinal axis of the fungus bag using sterile tools. 2 The openings should be 7 to 8 cm apart, and the cultivation should continue until mature fruiting bodies grow out. After picking, the fruiting rate and conversion rate can be calculated.

[0078] The Bacillus coagulans residue in this comparative example was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0079] Performance Testing

[0080] The golden ear mushroom fruiting rate and conversion rate of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were calculated as follows:

[0081] (1) Fruiting rate:

[0082] In the formula, A c is the number of qualified golden ear fruiting bodies harvested, A k The maximum number of golden ear fruiting bodies that should be harvested in theory for production;

[0083] (2) Conversion rate:

[0084] In the formula, M G is the total weight of the qualified harvested golden ear fruiting bodies, M L It is the total weight of raw materials actually loaded into the bags for production.

[0085] The results are shown in Table 1:

[0086] Table 1

[0087]

[0088]

[0089] As shown in Table 1, the use of the golden fungus culture medium of the present invention can effectively improve the fruiting rate and conversion rate. Compared with Comparative Example 1, which does not contain Bacillus coagulans residue, it further increases the yield of golden fungus while reducing the cultivation cost. If the Bacillus coagulans residue is replaced with Bacillus subtilis residue (Comparative Example 2), the fruiting rate is less than 80%. If the amount of Bacillus coagulans residue added is too low or too high (Comparative Examples 3-4), it will lead to an imbalance of nutrients in the culture medium, slowing mycelial germination and affecting the fruiting rate.

[0090] For large-scale cultivation of golden fungus, every percentage point increase in fruiting rate and yield significantly improves cost-effectiveness. Using the golden fungus culture medium provided by the present invention to cultivate golden fungus effectively increases fruiting rate and yield, thereby reducing cultivation costs. The method of the present invention also effectively reuses Bacillus coagulans residue, rationally utilizing waste resources and being environmentally friendly.

[0091] Although the present invention has been described in detail above using general explanations, specific embodiments, and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements may be made based on the present invention. Therefore, such modifications and improvements, which do not depart from the spirit of the present invention, are intended to be within the scope of protection claimed herein.

Claims

1. A golden ear culture medium, characterized in that The golden ear culture medium includes Bacillus coagulans residue; Based on the total mass of the golden ear culture medium as 100 parts by weight, the amount of the Bacillus coagulans residue is 10-20 parts by weight; The Bacillus coagulans residue is a by-product of lactic acid production and is obtained by the following method: after the fermentation mash of Bacillus coagulans is subjected to an extraction process, a residue containing a large amount of bacteria is obtained; The fermentation mash of Bacillus coagulans is obtained by the following method: inoculating mature Bacillus coagulans seeds at an inoculum rate of 1-10% into a liquid culture medium containing 10% peptone, 5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5% yeast powder, and 5% calcium carbonate, and culturing the culture medium at 37-45° C. for 36-48 hours with standing or stirring. The method for culturing the golden fungus culture medium comprises preparing a golden fungus bag with the golden fungus culture medium, and then inoculating and culturing the bag to obtain the golden fungus; Sterilize the bags before inoculation at 120-125°C for 60-70 minutes.

2. The golden ear culture medium according to claim 1, wherein The golden ear culture medium also includes organic materials, a phosphorus source, a carbon source and gypsum.

3. The golden ear culture medium according to claim 2, wherein The organic material includes one or more of cottonseed hulls, wood chips, bran, cornmeal, coconut hulls, rice hulls, and sugarcane bagasse.

4. The golden ear culture medium according to claim 2, wherein The phosphorus source includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate; and / or the carbon source includes sucrose, glucose, fructose and maltose.

5. The golden ear culture medium according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that The raw materials of the golden ear culture medium include 10-20 parts by weight of Bacillus coagulans residue, 30-50 parts by weight of cottonseed hulls, 30-50 parts by weight of sawdust, 10-20 parts by weight of bran, 1-10 parts by weight of cornmeal, 1-5 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-5 parts by weight of sucrose, and 1-5 parts by weight of gypsum.

6. The golden ear culture medium according to claim 5, characterized in that The golden ear culture medium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts by weight of Bacillus coagulans residue, 30-35 parts by weight of cottonseed hulls, 30-35 parts by weight of sawdust, 10-15 parts by weight of bran, 5-8 parts by weight of cornmeal, 1-3 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-3 parts by weight of sucrose, and 1-3 parts by weight of gypsum.

Images