Construction process for cast-in-situ breast wall of gravity wharf

Abstract

The application provides a construction process for a gravity wharf cast-in-situ breast wall, comprising the following steps: S1) layering: from top to bottom, the breast wall to be constructed is divided into at least two layers, and layering construction is performed in the order from bottom to top; S2) formwork installation: formwork assembly is performed according to the sealing layer in the tool type large formwork scheme, including the inner formwork and the outer formwork located on both sides of the caisson and the end formwork located at the end of the caisson, the formwork installation height part overlaps the caisson, so that the formwork covers the caisson; S3) formwork adjustment: the size of the pouring cavity formed by the formwork is adjusted by using the adjusting assembly between the end formwork and the inner formwork or the outer formwork; and / or the end formwork is rotated along the inner formwork or the outer formwork by the adjusting assembly, so that the end formwork forms an inclined surface to compensate for the deviation of the caisson; and S4) formwork pouring: the formwork is poured in the mode of first in the middle and then on both sides.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pre-lowering construction technology for long-span steel arch bridges in bridge construction, and particularly to the construction process for cast-in-place breast walls of gravity-type wharves. Background Technology

[0002] In the existing technology, the construction of gravity wharves is difficult due to the sinking error of caissons and the special characteristics of the breast walls not being of equal height. In particular, the existing technology mostly uses simple truss formwork or flat steel formwork, which leads to slow construction progress and affects the construction period. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a construction process for cast-in-place breast walls of gravity-type wharves, which improves the overall construction efficiency by using large formwork formed by direct assembly.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions.

[0005] The construction process for cast-in-place breast walls of gravity-type wharves includes the following steps:

[0006] S1) Layering: Divide the breast wall to be constructed into at least two layers from top to bottom, and construct the layers in a bottom-up order;

[0007] S2) Template installation: The templates are assembled in layers using a tool-type large template scheme, including inner and outer templates on both sides of the caisson, as well as end templates at the ends of the caisson. The template installation height overlaps with the caisson, so that the templates cover the caisson.

[0008] S3) Template adjustment: Adjust the size of the casting cavity formed by the template by using the adjustment components between the end template and the inner template or outer template;

[0009] And / or by adjusting the components, the end mold is rotated along the inner or outer template to form an inclined surface to compensate for the deviation of the caisson;

[0010] S4) Formwork casting: Cast the formwork in the manner of first the middle and then the two sides.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S1), the layering is divided into at least four layers, and the thickness of each layer gradually decreases from bottom to top.

[0012] Furthermore, the four layers are a base layer, an initial adjustment layer, a secondary adjustment layer, and a leveling layer, and the thickness of the base layer is greater than or equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the latter three layers.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S4) of template pouring, the height of the construction surface is adjusted by the first adjustment layer and the second adjustment layer respectively, and the adjustment range of the first adjustment layer is greater than the adjustment range of the second adjustment layer.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S4) template pouring, the foundation layer is poured using a pouring method, and after the foundation layer is poured, stone filling is carried out on the outside of the template. The first adjustment layer, the second adjustment layer and the leveling layer are all constructed using stone throwing.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S4) template pouring, specifically, the construction of the next layer of structure is carried out only after the construction of the next layer of structure is completed and the settlement is finished.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S2) template installation, the connection between the inner template and the outer template is also included. Specifically, a top support beam is set on the top surface of the template to connect the inner template and the outer template, and an operating platform is set on the top support beam.

[0017] Furthermore, the top support beam is provided with a steel bar limiting device at both ends. The steel bar limiting device includes angle steel welded back to back to form a positioning groove. Positioning steel bars are installed on the positioning groove, and the steel bar binding position is marked on the positioning groove.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S2) template installation, the inner template is installed first, then the outer template, and finally the end template, and low-foaming polyethylene board is provided at the template splicing point.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes demolding, specifically: first dismantle the inner template and outer template, then dismantle the end template. The inner template and outer template are spliced ​​together by several template units. When dismantling, they are dismantled in an intermittent manner, one section of the inner template and one section of the outer template.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0021] In this invention, a layered construction method is adopted, which ensures that construction is carried out after a certain stage of settlement, resulting in a smoother final surface, improving the efficiency of breast wall pouring and avoiding the problem of having to adjust from scratch.

[0022] In this invention, the size of the casting cavity can be adjusted by means of the adjustment component, and when the caisson exceeds the limit, the overall accuracy can be improved by changing the casting cavity and coordinating the way the cast breast wall is embedded into the caisson.

[0023] In this invention, a larger space is formed by assembling templates, and a working platform is constructed using the upper structure, thereby making the entire process safer. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1A flowchart of the construction process for cast-in-place breast walls of gravity wharves provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 An assembly diagram of the template for constructing the wharf breast wall provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the formwork for the construction of the wharf breast wall provided by the present invention;

[0027] In the picture:

[0028] 100. Template assembly; 110. Outer template; 120. Inner template; 121. Concrete pad block; 130. End formwork; 131. Tie rod; 132. Assembly hole; 140. Adjusting block; 150. Fastener; 160. Support frame; 170. Working platform; 180. Installation top support beam; 200. Caisson; 210. First reinforcing bar; 220. Compartment; 221. Second reinforcing bar. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that these embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. All equivalent changes or substitutions in function, method, or structure made by those skilled in the art based on these embodiments are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] This embodiment uses the actual construction of a classified project as an example to focus on the application of modular large formwork in the cast-in-place breast wall of a gravity-type wharf. This provides a useful reference for similar breast wall construction and the selection of formwork types in wharf engineering.

[0031] I. Project Overview

[0032] Located in the Jinjing Operation Area of ​​Pingtan Port, this project comprises berths 1 through 5 with a total quay length of 1760m (berths 1 and 2 form a 110° angle with the berth front lines of berths 3 through 5). The total land area created is 848,700 square meters. Berths 1 and 2 will have two 20,000GT passenger / cargo roll-on / roll-off berths, initially designed to accommodate two 20,000-ton multipurpose berths. Berth 1 has a quay length of 326m, and berth 2 has a quay length of 276m. Berth 3 will have one 150,000GT international cruise ship berth, initially designed to accommodate one 50,000-ton multipurpose berth. Berth 3 has a quay length of 384m. Berths 4 and 5 will have two 50,000-ton multipurpose berths (structured to accommodate 100,000-ton container ships). The berths #4 and #5 have a total shoreline length of 661m. The project is located on the east bank of the Haitan Strait, in the sea area southwest of Pingtan Island. It is approximately 3.5km southwest of the Pingtan Strait Bridge, about 2.5km from the Jinjing 5000-tonnage wharf, and about 12km from Pingtan town. The area experiences 107 days of gale-force winds (greater than level 8) annually, with an average annual rainfall of 1192.6mm. The average annual wind speed is 8.42m / s. The project is significantly affected by wind, waves, and currents, resulting in poor working conditions, particularly for the installation and dismantling of the cast-in-place breast wall formwork, which will be the most critical factor.

[0033] The project plans to construct 101 sections of cast-in-place breast walls, with a top elevation of +9.65m, a bottom elevation of +2.4m, a total height of 7.25m (40cm embedded in the caisson), and a width of 5.5m, forming a rectangular cross-section. The breast wall sections for berths 1# and 2# are 14.64m long, and the sections for berths 3# and 5# are 19.2m long.

[0034] II. Construction Plan for Breast Wall

[0035] The breast wall and wheel guards are planned to be constructed in four layers: the first layer is 3.95m high (elevation +2.4 to +6.35m), the second layer is 2.4m high (elevation +6.35 to +8.75m), the third layer (surface layer) is 0.9m high (elevation +8.75 to +9.65m), and the fourth layer (wheel guards) is 0.3m high (elevation +9.65 to +9.95m).

[0036] This process involves at least four layers, with each layer gradually thinning from bottom to top. In actual construction, these four layers are the foundation layer, the initial adjustment layer, the secondary adjustment layer, and the leveling layer. The thickness of the foundation layer is greater than or equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the latter three layers. That is, the thickness decreases during pouring or construction, ensuring a solid foundation before gradual leveling adjustments, especially with the secondary adjustment layer, which ensures the surface layer is on a relatively flat structure. The height of the construction surface is adjusted using the initial and secondary adjustment layers, with the adjustment range of the initial adjustment layer being greater than that of the secondary adjustment layer. At this point, the initial adjustment layer has a larger adjustment range, requiring a higher level of flatness than the foundation layer. Then, the adjustable range or thickness of the secondary adjustment layer is greater than that of the initial adjustment layer.

[0037] During construction, the foundation layer is poured using the casting method, and after the foundation layer is poured, the outside of the formwork is filled with stones. The first adjustment layer, the second adjustment layer, and the leveling layer are all constructed using stone paving.

[0038] In actual construction, the construction of the next layer is carried out only after the next layer's structure is completed and settlement is finished. For example, the construction of the second layer is carried out only after the settlement of the first adjustment layer is completed.

[0039] III. Template Technology

[0040] 3.1 Conditions that the template process design must meet

[0041] (1) It must be able to withstand the impact of wind, waves, and currents under the harsh climate conditions of Pingtan, and at the same time meet the requirements for the number of times the breast wall can be used in 101 sections;

[0042] (2) The template is easy and quick to install and remove, ensuring ample time for operations while the water is still wet;

[0043] (3) Set up work platforms to meet the construction needs of formwork installation and removal, rebar tying, concrete pouring, etc.

[0044] (4) The formwork must have safety protection facilities that meet the requirements of construction operations;

[0045] (5) It is necessary to improve the appearance quality of the breast wall concrete and further eliminate common quality defects;

[0046] (6) Maximize material savings, effectively reduce costs, and improve economic efficiency.

[0047] 3.2 Template process design scheme

[0048] (1) A large-scale, tool-type formwork scheme is adopted. The panel is made of 6mm thick steel plate, the inner horizontal ribs are made of 10# I-beams with a spacing of 50cm, and the inner vertical ribs are made of -40*4 flat steel with a spacing of 40cm. The inner and outer chords of the truss are made of double-limb back-to-back 10# channel steel, the web members are made of 50mm*50mm square steel, the truss height is 0.8m, and the truss spacing is 1.2m. An 8*40*100*600 steel mesh is laid on the web members of the truss on the top surface of the formwork as a construction platform. Channel steel

[10] is used as the railing posts and welded to the outer chords of the truss to form a whole, ensuring the railing is safe and reliable. After the formwork is installed, the walkways on the formwork are connected to form a closed whole, providing a safe and reliable working platform for construction workers.

[0049] (2) The complete set of formwork consists of 8 pieces, comprising 3 front formwork pieces, 3 rear formwork pieces, and 2 end formwork pieces (north and south). The formwork pieces are connected with M24 bolts, and the joints use a wedge-shaped interface for grout sealing. The structure is reinforced with tie rods and adjusted with flange bolts, and a 50t crawler crane is used for installation and dismantling.

[0050] (3) Weld an inverted L30*3 angle steel at the top elevation of the concrete pouring of the formwork as a control line for the concrete pouring height. The chamfer formed by the angle steel is not only conducive to the correction and adjustment of the slope of the interface of the upper formwork installation, but also can prevent and eliminate the defects of sand spots and sand lines formed by concrete bleeding water seeping down the formwork surface during concrete pouring.

[0051] (4) Install a top support beam on the top surface of the template and install a steel bar limiting device at both ends of the top support beam. The device uses two sections of L50*50 angle steel welded back to back to form a positioning groove with a spacing of 22mm. Install a positioning steel bar with a diameter of 22mm along the entire length of the positioning groove and mark the steel bar binding position on it with red paint. Align and bind the vertical steel bars of the breast wall with the positioning steel bar. This will not only speed up the binding speed and ensure the binding quality, but also prevent the steel bars from shifting during the concrete pouring and vibration process, thus ensuring the accuracy of the protective layer thickness.

[0052] IV. Formwork Construction

[0053] 4.1 Template Installation

[0054] (1) After the templates are fabricated and formed, they are trial-assembled and inspected at the processing yard. Once inspected and approved, they are transported to the site by flatbed truck and installed using a 50t crawler crane and manual labor. The installation sequence is: first install the rear template, then the front template, and finally the end template. The templates are reinforced and adjusted using flange bolts, and the front and rear templates are equipped with Φ24 tie rods. There are two tie rods, one vertically and one horizontally, 1.2m apart. In addition to the convex wedge joints, a 5mm thick low-foamed polyethylene board is added to the joints between templates to improve the grout-stopping effect.

[0055] (2) After the formwork is installed and formed, it is inspected. The main inspections include the position of the front edge, elevation, internal cross-sectional dimensions, top diagonal, slope, length, lateral bending loss, misalignment of adjacent formwork, tightness of tie rods, and whether the front and rear supports are secure. The position and elevation of the front edge are also re-measured using a total station. The large formwork is installed, formed, and inspected to be ready for concrete pouring.

[0056] (3) The formwork is dismantled using a 50t crawler crane in conjunction with manual labor. After the tie rods and connecting bolts are loosened, the formwork is dismantled and lifted in the following order: front formwork, then rear formwork, and finally head formwork. The formwork is then placed on a leveled prism for cleaning, repair, and maintenance.

[0057] V. Implementation Effects of Tool-Based Large Templates

[0058] 5.1 Application Status

[0059] By the time construction began, 71 sections of the breast wall had been poured, significantly improving its appearance. Upon completion, the overall visual quality evaluation of the first phase of the wharf's main structure achieved a score of 92.8%. All visual quality evaluation items related to the breast wall construction—the wharf surface, the water-facing surface, and the concrete structure—met the highest standard.

[0060] 5.2 Comparative Analysis with Previous Template Processes

[0061] In the past, breast wall formwork mainly used flat steel formwork and simple truss steel formwork.

[0062] Table 1. Comparison of economic and technical indicators between tool-type large formwork and previous breast wall formwork.

[0063]

[0064] Through the comparative analysis in Table 1 above, the 71 sections of the breast wall that have been completed and put into actual use in the project's work area (berths 1-5) have achieved good results. The main benefits include:

[0065] (1) Cost savings and considerable economic benefits. Compared with the previously used "simple truss-type large formwork", it can save 1.056 million yuan in costs. Compared with "flat steel formwork", it can save 416,000 yuan in costs.

[0066] (2) The tool-type large formwork is easy to assemble and disassemble, improving work efficiency and accelerating construction progress: This set of formwork uses bolts of the same specification for both installation and assembly, eliminating the need for welding and gas cutting. Construction is simple and convenient; installing a section of breast wall formwork requires only two tides, and dismantling only requires one. This effectively improves construction efficiency and formwork turnover speed. Compared with previous breast wall formwork, it saves up to 30% of time. This accelerates construction progress, reduces labor intensity, improves formwork integrity, and increases the number of times it can be reused.

[0067] (3) Safety and Reliability: The safety guardrails and construction operation platform are designed as a whole with the formwork. This creates a safe and reliable construction operation platform for construction workers, ensuring the safety of construction operations. After more than a year of use, it has been proven that the overall structure is good and can be used normally under the harsh weather conditions of Pingtan, withstanding the impact of level 10 winds and waves.

[0068] (4) Effectively improve the quality of breast wall concrete: Through the adoption of wedge-shaped joint sealing technology, concrete surface elevation control with angle steel chamfering and anti-bleeding seepage technology, and rebar positioning frames, etc., comprehensive and meticulous design effectively eliminates common quality defects and improves the appearance quality of breast wall concrete.

[0069] The modular formwork designed in this invention has been reused in 71 sections of breast walls, and all technical indicators, such as strength and rigidity, have met the requirements. The designed formwork features safety and reliability, convenient assembly and disassembly, high efficiency, low cost, and guaranteed appearance quality of the breast walls. Its success provides a reference for future applications in similar projects.

[0070] For further details, please refer to the appendix below. Figure 2-3 The templates used in this invention are described in detail, specifically including a template assembly 100 that forms the enclosure cavity of the caisson, wherein the assembly height of the template assembly 100 coincides with the assembly height of the caisson 200.

[0071] The template assembly 100 includes an outer template 110 that is lower than the highest point of the caisson 200 and covers the top of the caisson 200, and an inner template 120 that is assembled at a height higher than the outer template 110.

[0072] It also includes an end mold 130 connecting the outer template 110 and the inner template 120. An adjusting block 140 is provided at the end of either the inner template 120 or the outer template 110. The end mold 130 drives the adjusting block 140 to move, thereby adjusting the length of the enclosure cavity.

[0073] An adjustment gap is formed between the end mold 130 and the inner template 120 or the outer template 110. The end mold 130 rotates along the adjustment gap to adjust the angle of the end mold 130.

[0074] In this embodiment, the assembly height of the template partially overlaps with the assembly height of the caisson, allowing the template to cover the caisson and thus preventing grout leakage during the pouring of the caisson, thereby improving safety and sealing during use.

[0075] In this embodiment, an adjustment block is added to adjust the length of the enclosure cavity formed by the inner and outer templates to meet different length requirements. When the length changes significantly, multiple template units can be selected in conjunction with the adjustment unit to form a longer outer template or inner template. In this case, a rib plate is set in the adjustment unit to ensure the stability of the connection.

[0076] In this embodiment, the adjustable gap allows the end mold to be somewhat adjustable. Therefore, if there are errors in the caisson construction, such as the caisson protruding excessively outwards, the end mold can be tilted inwards, reducing the amount of casting required for the protruding portion and ensuring the accuracy and usability of the final structure. Specifically, if the caisson protrudes or becomes misaligned, preventing it from fitting against the window, tilting the end mold inwards ensures that the cast-in-place ribcage matches the design.

[0077] In practical use, the entire structure is usually adjusted by adjusting the end mold at one end. The size of the enclosure cavity can be adjusted first. At this time, the enclosure cavity is equivalent to the later pouring cavity. By pouring the enclosure cavity, the structure of the breast cavity can be constructed on the caisson. When the breast wall is long, it can be poured in multiple sections.

[0078] In one embodiment, the caisson 200 also includes a partition wall, wherein the tie rod 131 on the end mold 130 is connected to the first steel bar 210 on the partition wall to drive the end mold 130 to adjust the angle or move horizontally along the adjustment gap.

[0079] In this embodiment, the partition wall extending from the caisson can be partially adjusted in either a horizontal or vertical direction. Horizontally, this involves adjustments to the top and bottom ends of the end formwork, or adjustments to the middle section in the horizontal direction. Vertically, this involves adjustments in the vertical direction. In this embodiment, the existing first reinforcing bar, along with tie rods on the end formwork, is used to adjust the entire cast-in-place structure.

[0080] In one embodiment, a plurality of assembly holes 132 are provided along the length direction of the end mold 130, and a plurality of pre-embedded first reinforcing bars 210 are provided on the partition wall, with the plurality of assembly holes 132 and the pre-embedded positions of the first reinforcing bars 210 being on the same horizontal line.

[0081] In this embodiment, several first reinforcing bars and several assembly holes are provided. This assembly method allows for horizontal and tilt adjustments on the same level plane to accommodate the tilt angle adjustment of the end mold. Compared to a single structure, multiple assembly holes and first reinforcing bars allow for various combinations, enabling adjustments and stretching at different heights and levels. Each of these different combinations represents an adjustment in one direction, resulting in better adjustment performance.

[0082] In one embodiment, a diagonal brace (not shown) located outside the end mold 130 is also included, which is fixed to the existing building and used for supporting the outer side of the end mold 130 during adjustment.

[0083] In this embodiment, the diagonal bracing protects the end formwork from the outside. For example, square steel can be used. The purpose is to ensure that, during the pouring process, if adjustments to the end formwork are needed, the diagonal bracing maintains a stable state with external support. During construction, following the principle that tension necessitates bracing, structural steel can be used to construct the support, thereby improving stability.

[0084] In one embodiment, the adjusting block 140 is an elastic block formed by the outward extension of the end mold 130, and the elastic block is engaged in the slot formed by the inner template 120 or the outer template 110. In this embodiment, with this arrangement, the elastic block has a certain degree of elasticity, which can determine how much it extends into the slot, thereby adjusting the distance between the end mold and the inner or outer template to adjust the overall length.

[0085] In one embodiment, it further includes a first snap-fit ​​portion and a second snap-fit ​​portion located on the outer template 110 and the inner template 120 respectively, and the first snap-fit ​​portion and the second snap-fit ​​portion are connected by a snap-fit ​​member 150.

[0086] In this embodiment, snap fasteners are used to connect the inner and outer templates. When adjusting the end mold, it is necessary to ensure the spacing between the inner and outer molds. Multiple snap fasteners can be set to fasten the inner and outer molds and ensure their stability.

[0087] In one embodiment, the caisson 200 has a casting space facing the template assembly, and a compartment 220 located inside the caisson 200 and extending out of the caisson, the compartment 220 containing a plurality of second reinforcing bars 221.

[0088] In this embodiment, the exposed reinforcing bars and the compartments form a partition wall after pouring. In actual construction, the caisson is originally filled with stones. At this time, pouring fluid is added to form a pouring cavity, which then encloses the entire thoracic cavity and allows it to be partially embedded in the caisson using the pouring process, forming tenons for a good connection.

[0089] In one embodiment, the outer template 110 and the caisson 200 partially overlap in the height direction, and the overlap height is at least 20 mm.

[0090] In this embodiment, the purpose of sampling overlap is to achieve caisson coverage and thus reduce grout leakage; and when the overlap height is 20mm, it can not only ensure that the template is partially embedded with the caisson after casting, but also reduce the cost.

[0091] In one embodiment, a support frame 160 located at the bottom of the end mold 130 is also included, the support frame 160 forming an inclined support surface, such that the end mold 130 is supported and assembled on the outside of the caisson 200.

[0092] In this embodiment, during the adjustment of the end formwork, the support at the bottom of the end formwork also needs to be fully considered. Therefore, the support frame can be assembled using pre-embedded bolts embedded in the caisson. Since the support frame is a frame structure, its height can be adjusted according to the fit between the frame and the bolts. Then, after adjusting to the appropriate position, the frame structure and bolts are fixedly assembled. In the prior art, the end formwork is basically on the partition wall, but a support frame can be added for concrete leveling. In this case, the end formwork also needs to sit on concrete pads, or concrete pads can be set on the support frame for adjustment.

[0093] To ensure assembly, a concrete pad 121 is provided at the bottom of the inner template 120.

[0094] In this embodiment, the inner formwork is used because concrete blocks are needed to level the wall to reach the required elevation.

[0095] See attached document Figure 1-2 As shown, the template in this invention adopts a tool-type large template scheme, which also includes conventional panels, inner horizontal ribs, and inner vertical ribs. Specifically, the panels are made of 6mm thick steel plates, the inner horizontal ribs are made of 10# I-beams with a spacing of 50cm, and the inner vertical ribs are made of -40*4 flat steel with a spacing of 40cm. The inner and outer chords of the truss are made of double-limb back-to-back 10# channel steel, the web members are made of 50mm*50mm square steel, the truss height is 0.8m, and the truss spacing is 1.2m. An 8*40*100*600 steel plate mesh is laid on the web members of the truss on the top surface of the template as a construction platform. Channel steel

[10] is used as the railing posts and welded to the outer chords of the truss to form a whole, ensuring that the railing is safe and reliable. After the inner and outer templates and end timbers are installed, the walkway on the top of the template assembly is connected to form a closed whole. At this time, the working platform 170 is set in the closed whole to provide a safe and reliable working platform for construction workers.

[0096] In this embodiment, an inverted L30*3 angle steel is welded to the top elevation of the concrete pouring of the template as a control line for the concrete pouring height. The chamfer formed by the angle steel is not only conducive to the correction and adjustment of the slope of the interface of the upper template installation, but also can prevent and eliminate the defects of sand spots and sand lines formed by the seepage of concrete bleeding water down the template surface during concrete pouring.

[0097] In this embodiment, a top support beam 180 is installed on the top surface of the template, and a rebar limiting device (not shown in the figure) is installed at both ends of the top support beam. The device uses two sections of L50*50 angle steel welded back to back to form a positioning groove with a spacing of 22mm. A positioning rebar with a diameter of 22mm is installed along the entire length of the positioning groove, and the rebar binding position is marked on it with red paint. The vertical rebar of the breast wall is aligned with the positioning rebar and bound firmly. This not only speeds up the rebar binding speed and ensures the binding quality, but also avoids the rebar from shifting during the concrete pouring and vibration process, ensuring the accuracy of the protective layer thickness.

[0098] This invention not only provides supplementary support when the caisson is offset, but also enables the assembly of large templates. For example, multiple template units can be spliced ​​together to form an outer template or an inner template. The connecting template between the template units is a frame template with multiple supporting ribs to ensure the support strength at the connection.

[0099] The detailed descriptions listed above are merely specific descriptions of feasible embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the spirit of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0100] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0101] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A construction process for cast-in-place breast walls of gravity-type wharves, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1) Layering: Divide the breast wall to be constructed into at least two layers from top to bottom, and construct the layers in a bottom-up order; S2) Template installation: The templates are assembled in layers using a tool-type large template scheme, including inner and outer templates on both sides of the caisson, as well as end templates at the ends of the caisson. The template installation height overlaps with the caisson, so that the templates cover the caisson. S3) Template adjustment: Adjust the size of the casting cavity formed by the template by using the adjustment components between the end template and the inner template or outer template; And / or by adjusting the components, the end mold is rotated along the inner or outer template to form an inclined surface to compensate for the deviation of the caisson; S4) Formwork casting: Cast the formwork in the manner of first the middle and then the two sides.

2. The construction process for cast-in-place breast walls of gravity-type wharves according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1), the layering process consists of at least four layers, with each layer gradually thinning from bottom to top.

3. The construction process for cast-in-place breast walls of gravity-type wharves according to claim 2, characterized in that, The four layers are a base layer, an initial adjustment layer, a secondary adjustment layer, and a leveling layer. The thickness of the base layer is greater than or equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the latter three layers.

4. The construction process for cast-in-place breast walls of gravity-type wharves according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S4) of template pouring, the height of the construction surface is adjusted by the first adjustment layer and the second adjustment layer respectively, and the adjustment range of the first adjustment layer is greater than the adjustment range of the second adjustment layer.

5. The construction process for cast-in-place breast walls of gravity-type wharves according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S4), the foundation layer is poured using a casting method, and after the foundation layer is poured, the outside of the formwork is filled with stones. The first adjustment layer, the second adjustment layer, and the leveling layer are all constructed using stone throwing.

6. The construction process for cast-in-place breast walls of gravity-type wharves according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4) template pouring, specifically, after the construction of the next layer of structure is completed and the settlement is finished, the construction of the next layer of structure is carried out.

7. The construction process for cast-in-place breast walls of gravity-type wharves according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2), the template installation also includes the connection between the inner template and the outer template. Specifically, a top support beam is set on the top surface of the template to connect the inner template and the outer template, and an operating platform is set on the top support beam.

8. The construction process for cast-in-place breast walls of gravity-type wharves according to claim 7, characterized in that, The top support beam is provided with a steel bar limiting device at both ends. The steel bar limiting device includes angle steel welded back to back to form a positioning groove. Positioning steel bars are installed on the positioning groove, and the steel bar binding position is marked on the positioning groove.

9. The construction process for cast-in-place breast walls of gravity-type wharves according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2), the template installation process involves first installing the inner template, then the outer template, and finally the end template. Low-foaming polyethylene boards are installed at the template joints.

10. The construction process for cast-in-place breast walls of gravity-type wharves according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes demolding, specifically: first dismantle the inner template and outer template, then dismantle the end template. The inner template and outer template are spliced ​​together by several template units. When dismantling, they are dismantled in an intermittent manner, one section of the inner template and one section of the outer template.

Images