A waste heat boiler system that can be used for rapid startup of garbage furnaces

Abstract

The present invention provides a waste heat boiler system that can be used for rapid startup of a garbage incinerator, comprising an incinerator (1), a radiation channel (2), a horizontal channel (3), and a tail economizer (4) that are sequentially connected. The radiation channel (2) is composed of a membrane-type water-cooled wall, and a first radiation channel (203), a second radiation channel (204), and a third radiation channel (205) that are serpentinely connected are further separated therein. Flue gas flows out of the incinerator (1), sequentially flows through the first radiation channel (203), the second radiation channel (204), the third radiation channel (205), and the horizontal channel (3), and enters the tail economizer (4). The radiation channel (2) is further provided with a heat regulating mechanism (7). The heat regulating mechanism (7) can enable the flue gas to cross a preset radiation channel, thereby reducing heat exchange between the flue gas and the water-cooled wall. The present invention can ensure that the main steam temperature of the waste incinerator waste heat boiler reaches the rated value when the incinerator is just started, so as to meet the operation requirements of the steam turbine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of waste heat boilers, and in particular to a waste heat boiler system that can be used for rapid starting of a garbage furnace. Background Art

[0002] At present, the waste incineration waste heat boilers in the domestic waste incineration industry, for newly built boilers or boilers after overhaul, have the problem that the main steam temperature is low when the boiler is first started, and the boiler cannot immediately reach the rated parameters. As a result, the main steam generated by the boiler has a low steam temperature when entering the steam turbine (resulting in low steam turbine efficiency or difficulty in steam turbine paralleling). The main steam needs to be discharged through the boiler's fire exhaust pipe (this action leads to steam waste and requires a sufficiently large boiler water supply), or condensate is recovered through the steam turbine's recovery system (this action can recover water, but affects the efficiency of the equipment).

[0003] For a boiler with common main steam parameters of 400°C or 450°C, it is usually necessary for the boiler to run for at least one week or even up to two months before reaching the rated temperature requirement of the main steam. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a waste heat boiler system that can be used for rapid startup of a garbage incineration furnace, which can ensure that the main steam temperature of the waste heat boiler reaches the rated value when it is just started to meet the turbine operation requirements.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A waste heat boiler system that can be used for rapid startup of a garbage incinerator comprises an incinerator, a radiation channel, a horizontal channel, and a tail economizer that are connected in sequence, wherein:

[0007] The radiation channel is composed of a membrane water-cooled wall, which is further provided with a first water-cooled wall and a second water-cooled wall, and the radiation channel is separated into a first radiation channel, a second radiation channel and a third radiation channel connected in a serpentine shape; the flue gas flows out of the incinerator, flows through the first radiation channel, the second radiation channel, the third radiation channel, and the horizontal channel in sequence, and enters the tail economizer;

[0008] The radiation channel is also provided with a heat regulating mechanism; the heat regulating mechanism can make the flue gas cross the preset radiation channel, thereby reducing the heat exchange between the flue gas and the water-cooled wall.

[0009] Optionally or preferably, it also includes a burner; the number of the burners is two, symmetrically arranged on the side wall water-cooled wall tubes of the third radiation channel; the burner is connected to the third radiation channel; a sealing and heat-insulating structure is provided at the connection between the burner and the third radiation channel.

[0010] Optionally or preferably, the sealed insulation structure includes a sealing box, a fastener, an insulation body and a sealing cover plate; the sealing box is located between the radiation channel and the burner, and is sleeved on the connecting pipe between the radiation channel and the burner; the fastener is installed at the end of the sealing box away from the radiation channel, and is used to dock and fix with the sealing cover plate; the outer wall of the insulation body cooperates with the inner wall of the sealing box; the sealing cover plate is installed and fixed to one end of the insulation body; when the insulation body is deep into the sealing box, the sealing cover plate can be fixed to the fastener by screwing.

[0011] Optionally or preferably, the heat regulating mechanism includes an upper header, a lower header, a connecting pipe, and an adjustable baffle; the upper header and the lower header are both arranged in the middle of the second radiation channel, and the upper header and the lower header are connected by a plurality of connecting pipes, so that the flue gas can flow directly from the second radiation channel into the third radiation channel through the gaps between the connecting pipes;

[0012] The adjustable baffle is arranged in the radiation channel, one end of the adjustable baffle is fixed on the rotating shaft, and the other end can swing under the action of the actuator;

[0013] When the angle between the adjustable baffle and the vertical direction reaches its maximum value, it can block the flue gas originally flowing along the second radiation channel, allowing the flue gas to flow directly from the connecting pipe into the third radiation channel; when the angle between the adjustable baffle and the vertical direction is 0°, it can seal the space formed by the connecting pipe, allowing the flue gas to continue flowing along the second radiation channel for heat exchange.

[0014] Optionally or preferably, the adjustable baffle has a rotatable angle of 0-40° to facilitate the falling of accumulated dust on the adjustable baffle.

[0015] Optionally or preferably, it further includes a ceiling tube panel system and a boiler drum; the ceiling tube panel system and the boiler drum are arranged on the top of the radiation channel and the horizontal channel;

[0016] The ceiling tube panel system includes a steam outlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, an outlet main pipe, and a ceiling tube membrane wall; the top of the boiler drum is connected to the steam outlet pipe, and the bottom of the boiler drum is connected to the water outlet pipe; the steam outlet pipe and the water outlet pipe merge and are connected to the outlet main pipe, the other end of which is connected to the inlet of the ceiling tube membrane wall; the outlet of the ceiling tube membrane wall is connected to branch pipe 1 and branch pipe 2 respectively; the other end of branch pipe 1 is connected to the steam-water conversion system; the other end of branch pipe 2 is connected to the riser of the horizontal channel;

[0017] Valves are provided on the steam outlet pipe, the sewer outlet pipe, the outlet main pipe, the first branch pipe and the second branch pipe.

[0018] Optionally or preferably, an ash hopper is provided at the bottom of the second radiation channel, the third radiation channel and the horizontal channel.

[0019] Based on the above technical solution, the following technical effects can be produced:

[0020] The present invention provides a waste heat boiler system that can be used for rapid startup of a garbage incineration furnace. It can increase the flue gas temperature before the superheater, ensure that the main steam temperature of the waste heat boiler for garbage incineration reaches the rated value when it is just started, meet the turbine operation requirements, and ensure that it can be used normally for other projects after the boiler operation is stable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 Schematic diagram (cross-sectional view) of the sealing and heat-insulating structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 Schematic diagram (cross-sectional view) of the structure of the heat regulating mechanism of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting pipe in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the ceiling tube panel system in the present invention;

[0027] In the figure: 1-incinerator, 2-radiation channel, 3-horizontal channel, 4-rear economizer, 5-burner, 6-sealing and insulation structure, 7-heat regulating mechanism, 8-ceiling tube screen system, 9-boiler drum, 10-ash hopper, 11-ash hopper,

[0028] 201-first water-cooled wall, 202-second water-cooled wall, 203-first radiation channel, 204-second radiation channel, 205-third radiation channel, 206-side wall water-cooled wall tube,

[0029] 601-sealing box, 602-fastener, 603-insulation body, 604-sealing cover,

[0030] 701-upper header, 702-lower header, 703-connecting pipe, 704-adjustable baffle, 705-rotating shaft, 706-actuator, 801-steam outlet pipe, 802-sewer outlet pipe, 803-outlet main pipe, 804-ceiling pipe membrane wall, 805-branch pipe one, 806-branch pipe two, 807-steam-water conversion system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0032] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1:

[0034] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown:

[0035] This embodiment provides a waste heat boiler system that can be used for rapid startup of a garbage incinerator, comprising an incinerator 1, a radiation channel 2, a horizontal channel 3, and a tail economizer 4 that are connected in sequence, wherein:

[0036] The radiation channel 2 is composed of a membrane water-cooled wall, which is further provided with a first water-cooled wall 201 and a second water-cooled wall 202. The radiation channel 2 is separated into a first radiation channel 203, a second radiation channel 204, and a third radiation channel 205 that are connected in a serpentine shape. Flue gas flows out of the incinerator 1 and flows through the first radiation channel 203, the second radiation channel 204, the third radiation channel 205, and the horizontal channel 3 in sequence and enters the tail economizer 4.

[0037] The horizontal channel 3 and the tail economizer 4 are provided with multiple heating surfaces;

[0038] The radiation channel 2 is further provided with a heat regulating mechanism 7 ; the heat regulating mechanism 7 can make the flue gas cross the preset radiation channel, thereby reducing the heat exchange between the flue gas and the water-cooled wall.

[0039] In this embodiment, a burner 5 is also included; there are two burners 5, which are symmetrically arranged on the side wall water-cooled wall tube 206 of the third radiation channel 205; a bypass pipe is provided on the side wall water-cooled wall tube 206 to connect the combustion head of the burner 5; the burner 5 is connected to the third radiation channel 205; a sealing and heat-insulating structure 6 is provided at the connection point between the burner 5 and the third radiation channel 205.

[0040] In this embodiment, the sealed insulation structure 6 includes a sealing box 601, a fastener 602, an insulation body 603 and a sealing cover plate 604; the sealing box 601 is located between the radiation channel 2 and the burner 5, and is sleeved on the connecting pipe between the radiation channel 2 and the burner 5; the fastener 602 is installed at the end of the sealing box 601 away from the radiation channel 2, and is used to dock and fix with the sealing cover plate 604; the outer wall of the insulation body 603 cooperates with the inner wall of the sealing box 601; the sealing cover plate 604 is installed and fixed at one end of the insulation body 603; when the insulation body 603 is deeply inserted into the sealing box 601, the sealing cover plate 604 can be fixed with the fastener 602 by screwing.

[0041] In this embodiment, the heat regulating mechanism 7 includes an upper header 701, a lower header 702, a connecting pipe 703, and an adjustable baffle 704. The upper header 701 and the lower header 702 are both arranged in the middle of the second radiation channel 204. The upper header 701 and the lower header 702 are connected by a plurality of connecting pipes 703, so that the flue gas can flow directly from the second radiation channel 204 into the third radiation channel 205 through the gaps between the connecting pipes 703.

[0042] The adjustable baffle 704 is disposed in the radiation channel 2 , one end of the adjustable baffle 704 is fixed to the rotating shaft 705 , and the other end can swing under the action of the actuator 706 ;

[0043] When the angle between the adjustable baffle 704 and the vertical direction reaches its maximum value, it can block the flue gas originally flowing along the second radiation channel 204, so that the flue gas flows directly from the connecting pipe 703 into the third radiation channel 205; when the angle between the adjustable baffle 704 and the vertical direction is 0°, it can seal the space formed by the connecting pipe 703, so that the flue gas continues to flow and exchange heat along the second radiation channel 204; specifically, the exposed surfaces of the adjustable baffle 704 and the rotating shaft 705 are provided with castables, which can prevent high-temperature corrosion of the boiler flue gas.

[0044] In this embodiment, the adjustable baffle 704 can rotate at an angle of 0 to 40 degrees, which can ensure that the dust accumulated on the adjustable baffle 704 falls down in time and does not accumulate.

[0045] In this embodiment, a ceiling tube panel system 8 and a boiler drum 9 are further included; the ceiling tube panel system 8 and the boiler drum 9 are arranged on the top of the radiation channel 2 and the horizontal channel 3;

[0046] The ceiling tube panel system 8 includes a steam outlet pipe 801, a water outlet pipe 802, an outlet main pipe 803, and a ceiling tube membrane wall 804. The steam outlet pipe 801 is connected to the top of the boiler drum 9, and the water outlet pipe 802 is connected to the bottom of the boiler drum 9. The steam outlet pipe 801 and the water outlet pipe 802 merge and connect to the outlet main pipe 803. The other end of the outlet main pipe 803 is connected to the inlet of the ceiling tube membrane wall 804. The outlet of the ceiling tube membrane wall 804 is connected to the branch pipe 1 805 and the branch pipe 2 806 respectively. The other end of the branch pipe 1 805 is connected to the steam-water conversion system 807. The other end of the branch pipe 2 806 is connected to the riser of the horizontal channel 3.

[0047] Valves are provided on the steam outlet pipe 801 , the sewer outlet pipe 802 , the outlet main pipe 803 , the branch pipe 1 805 and the branch pipe 2 806 .

[0048] In this embodiment, an ash hopper 11 is provided at the bottom of each of the second radiation channel 204 , the third radiation channel 205 and the horizontal channel 3 .

[0049] The workflow of this embodiment is:

[0050] When the boiler is just started, the main steam temperature is low, so the burner 5 is started, thereby increasing the flue gas temperature entering the horizontal channel 3. When the steam temperature reaches the standard, the burner 5 is turned off, the combustion head of the burner 5 is pulled out, and then the insulation body 603 is connected to the sealing box 601. Due to the design of the insulation castable, the insulation effect of the boiler can be effectively guaranteed.

[0051] When the boiler is just started, the adjustable baffle 704 and the rotating shaft 705 can be adjusted to open an angle of 0 to 40 degrees, thereby adjusting the amount of flue gas entering the third radiation channel 205 from the second radiation channel 204, reducing the amount of flue gas entering the third radiation channel 205 from below the second radiation channel 204, thereby reducing the amount of heat absorbed by the water-cooled walls of the second and third radiation channels 204, 205, and increasing the flue gas temperature at the inlet of the horizontal channel 3;

[0052] When the boiler is first started, the flue gas temperature is low throughout the boiler. Saturated steam drawn from the boiler drum 9 is then circulated through the ceiling membrane wall 804, acting as a superheater. The steam flow is as follows: boiler drum 9, steam outlet pipe 801, outlet main pipe 803, ceiling membrane wall 804, branch pipe 1 805, where the steam converges at the boiler's original saturated steam outlet pipe and enters the low-temperature superheater. Throughout this process, the valve block on the downpipe outlet pipe 802 at the bottom of the boiler drum 9 is closed, as is the valve block on branch pipe 2 806 of the ceiling membrane wall 804.

[0053] After the boiler stabilizes, the flue gas temperature in all parts of the boiler is high, and the boiler no longer requires a large amount of superheater area. To reduce the amount of heat absorbed by the superheater, saturated water drawn from drum 9 is circulated within the ceiling membrane wall 804, effectively acting as a water-cooled wall. The steam-water flow path is as follows: drum 9, downpipe outlet pipe 802, outlet main 803, ceiling membrane wall 804, and branch pipe 2 806. The steam from the steam-water mixture, which absorbs heat from the water-cooled wall, is collected on the risers above the walls of the boiler's horizontal channels and enters the steam drum, completing the cycle. Throughout this process, the valve block for the steam outlet pipe 801 at the top of drum 702 is closed, and the valve block for branch pipe 1 805 of the ceiling membrane wall 804 is also closed.

[0054] By replacing the valve group, the function of circulating steam (heating steam and increasing the temperature rise of superheated steam) or circulating saturated water (heating water and reducing the steam heat absorption of the superheater and reducing the temperature rise of superheated steam) in the ceiling tube membrane wall 804 can be achieved to meet the different areas of heated components required when the boiler is just started and in different periods of subsequent stable operation.

[0055] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein and should not be construed as excluding other embodiments. Rather, the present invention can be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and can be modified within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or techniques or knowledge in the relevant field. Modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be protected by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A waste heat boiler system that can be used for rapid startup of a garbage incinerator, characterized by: The invention comprises an incinerator (1), a radiation channel (2), a horizontal channel (3) and a tail economizer (4) which are connected in sequence, wherein: The radiation channel (2) is composed of a membrane water-cooled wall, which is further provided with a first water-cooled wall (201) and a second water-cooled wall (202), and the radiation channel (2) is separated into a first radiation channel (203), a second radiation channel (204) and a third radiation channel (205) which are connected in a serpentine shape; the flue gas flows out of the incinerator (1), flows through the first radiation channel (203), the second radiation channel (204), the third radiation channel (205), and the horizontal channel (3) in sequence, and enters the tail economizer (4); The radiation channel (2) is also provided with a heat regulating mechanism (7); the heat regulating mechanism (7) can enable the flue gas to cross the preset radiation channel, thereby reducing the heat exchange between the flue gas and the water-cooled wall; It also includes a burner (5); the number of the burners (5) is two, and they are symmetrically arranged on the side wall water-cooled wall tube (206) of the third radiation channel (205); the burner (5) is connected to the third radiation channel (205); a sealing and heat-insulating structure (6) is provided at the connection point between the burner (5) and the third radiation channel (205); It also includes a ceiling tube panel system (8) and a boiler drum (9); the ceiling tube panel system (8) and the boiler drum (9) are arranged on the top of the radiation channel (2) and the horizontal channel (3).

2. The waste heat boiler system for rapid startup of a garbage incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing and heat-insulating structure (6) comprises a sealing box (601), a fastener (602), a heat-insulating body (603) and a sealing cover plate (604); the sealing box (601) is located between the radiation channel (2) and the burner (5), and is sleeved on the connecting pipe between the radiation channel (2) and the burner (5); the fastener (602) is installed at one end of the sealing box (601) away from the radiation channel (2), and is used to dock and fix with the sealing cover plate (604); the outer wall of the heat-insulating body (603) matches the inner wall of the sealing box (601); the sealing cover plate (604) is installed and fixed at one end of the heat-insulating body (603); when the heat-insulating body (603) is deeply inserted into the sealing box (601), the sealing cover plate (604) can be fixed with the fastener (602) by screw connection.

3. The waste heat boiler system for rapid startup of a garbage incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat regulating mechanism (7) comprises an upper header (701), a lower header (702), a connecting pipe (703), and an adjustable baffle (704); the upper header (701) and the lower header (702) are both arranged in the middle of the second radiation channel (204), and the upper header (701) and the lower header (702) are connected via a plurality of connecting pipes (703), so that the smoke can flow directly from the second radiation channel (204) into the third radiation channel (205) through the gaps between the connecting pipes (703); The adjustable baffle (704) is arranged in the radiation channel (2), one end of the adjustable baffle (704) is fixed on the rotating shaft (705), and the other end can swing under the action of the actuator (706); When the angle between the adjustable baffle (704) and the vertical direction reaches a maximum value, the smoke originally flowing along the second radiation channel (204) can be blocked, so that the smoke flows directly from the connecting pipe (703) into the third radiation channel (205); when the angle between the adjustable baffle (704) and the vertical direction is 0°, the space formed by the connecting pipe (703) can be sealed, so that the smoke continues to flow along the second radiation channel (204) for heat exchange.

4. The waste heat boiler system for rapid startup of a garbage incinerator according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The adjustable baffle (704) can rotate at an angle of 0 to 40 degrees, so as to facilitate the falling of dust accumulated on the adjustable baffle (704).

5. The waste heat boiler system for rapid startup of a garbage incinerator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ceiling tube screen system (8) includes a steam outlet pipe (801), a water outlet pipe (802), an outlet main pipe (803) and a ceiling tube membrane wall (804); the top of the boiler drum (9) is connected to the steam outlet pipe (801), and the bottom of the boiler drum (9) is connected to the water outlet pipe (802); the steam outlet pipe (801) and the water outlet pipe (802) are connected to the outlet main pipe (803), and the other end of the outlet main pipe (803) is connected to the inlet of the ceiling tube membrane wall (804); the outlet of the ceiling tube membrane wall (804) is connected to the branch pipe 1 (805) and the branch pipe 2 (806) respectively; the other end of the branch pipe 1 (805) is connected to the steam-water conversion system (807); the other end of the branch pipe 2 (806) is connected to the rising pipe of the horizontal channel (3); Valves are provided on the steam outlet pipe (801), the water outlet pipe (802), the outlet main pipe (803), the first branch pipe (805) and the second branch pipe (806).

6. The waste heat boiler system for rapid startup of a garbage incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: Ash hoppers (11) are provided at the bottoms of the second radiation channel (204), the third radiation channel (205) and the horizontal channel (3).

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