Low-loss high-efficiency grain separating device
The low-damage, high-efficiency grain threshing device, designed with multiple threshing rods and a concave sieve, solves the problems of low threshing efficiency and poor separation effect in existing technologies, achieving efficient and low-damage separation of grains and stalks.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANDONG UNIV OF TECH
- Filing Date
- 2023-04-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
AI Technical Summary
The existing rod-tooth threshing structure has low threshing efficiency, high stalk breakage rate, and poor separation effect between grain and stalk, resulting in increased threshing losses.
The threshing drum design employs multiple sets of threshing rods. The front threshing rods are fewer in number and have larger gaps, the middle threshing rods are more numerous and have smaller gaps, and the rear threshing rods are fewer in number but taller. Combined with the design of concave screen grid bars in different directions, the threshing process is optimized.
It improves threshing efficiency, reduces grain damage and stem breakage, and achieves low-loss and high-efficiency separation of grain and stem.
Smart Images
Figure CN117242997B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery and equipment technology, specifically to a low-loss and high-efficiency grain separating device. Background Technology
[0002] With the rapid development of general grain harvesting technology, threshing devices with rod-tooth threshing structures and fixed-structure separation concave plates have gained widespread recognition and application in the industry due to their simple structure and good adaptability. However, because only one rod tooth acts on the object being threshed at each position during the threshing process, the threshing efficiency is significantly reduced in the early stage, and the stalk breakage is increased in the later stage, increasing threshing and separation losses. Secondly, the fixed-structure separation concave plate leads to a decrease in the threshing intensity at the front and an increase in the breakage of stems and leaves at the rear, which seriously affects the separation effect between grains and stalks. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new low-loss and high-efficiency threshing devices based on the changing patterns of grain and stalk breakage rates in the ear during the threshing process. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The main objective of this invention is to provide a low-loss and high-efficiency grain separation device to solve the problems existing in the prior art.
[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0005] A low-loss, high-efficiency grain threshing device includes a threshing drum, a concave sieve, a forced feeding auger, and a flow guide hood. The concave sieve is sleeved on the outside of the threshing drum, the forced feeding auger is fixedly installed at the feed end of the threshing drum, and the flow guide hood is sleeved on the outside of the forced feeding auger and fixedly connected to the front end of the concave sieve.
[0006] The threshing drum is equipped with threshing elements, which are composed of multiple sets of threshing rods. The threshing rods on the front, middle and rear parts of the threshing drum are respectively a first threshing rod group, a second threshing rod group and a third threshing rod group. The first threshing rod group consists of 3 to 4 rods, the second threshing rod group consists of 4 to 6 rods, and the third threshing rod group consists of 2 to 3 rods. The height of the second threshing rod group and the third threshing rod group are both twice the height of the first threshing rod group. The gap between the first threshing rod group and the third threshing rod group in the same group is greater than the gap between the second threshing rod groups in the same group.
[0007] Furthermore, the concave sieve is provided with multiple grid bars. The concave sieve is divided into a first concave sieve, a second concave sieve, and a third concave sieve at the front, middle, and rear positions of the threshing drum. The gap between the grid bars on the first and third concave sieves is 1.5 to 2 times the maximum length of the grains to be threshed. The gap between the grid bars on the second concave sieve is 2 to 3 times the width of the grains to be threshed, and not greater than the maximum length of the grains.
[0008] Furthermore, the grid strips on the first concave sieve are parallel to the direction of the threshing rods, the grid strips on the second concave sieve are parallel to the direction of the threshing drum axis, and the grid strips on the third concave plate are perpendicular to the direction of the threshing rods.
[0009] Furthermore, the threshing drum includes a drum body, and the threshing rods are arranged in a 3-4 head spiral on the surface of the drum body, the spiral angle of the spiral is smaller than the friction angle between the stalk and the threshing rod.
[0010] Furthermore, the helix angle of the spiral is 24° to 28°.
[0011] Furthermore, the rotation direction of the strong feeding auger is consistent with the rotation direction of the threshing elements arranged in a spiral.
[0012] Furthermore, the concave sieve includes a sieve frame, the grid strips are welded to the sieve frame, and the sieve frame coincides with the axis of the threshing drum.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0014] 1. The large threshing gap of the first threshing rod group at the front of the threshing drum is beneficial to improving the smoothness of grain feeding; the short first threshing rod is beneficial to reducing the impact intensity on the grain and reducing grain damage; and when the grains first enter the threshing device, there are more grains, so reducing the number of first threshing rods reduces the threshing intensity, which is beneficial to improving the forced threshing in the middle and improving the threshing quality of the grain.
[0015] 2. The threshing gap of the second threshing rod group in the middle of the threshing drum is reduced, and the number and height of the threshing rods are increased, which significantly improves the threshing intensity of the grain and is conducive to the separation of difficult-to-thresh grains from the stalks. Since the first threshing rod group performs preliminary threshing on the grain, it breaks the uniformity of grain agglomeration, thereby reducing the threshing load. Therefore, it is conducive to reducing the threshing damage of the grain and realizing high-efficiency threshing of grains under low loss and damage conditions.
[0016] 3. At the rear of the threshing drum, the grain is basically threshed. The main task is to separate the threshed grains from the stalks. Therefore, the third threshing bar group at the rear of the threshing drum has fewer bars, but the height is the same as the second threshing bar. The fewer bars help reduce stalk breakage, and the higher height helps improve the stalk's bulkiness. Combined with the concave sieve grid bars that are perpendicular to the threshing bar arrangement direction, the probability of grains passing through the stalk layer is increased, reducing the separation loss of threshed grains. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the concave plate sieve structure of the present invention.
[0019] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view at point AA of the present invention.
[0020] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of section BB of the present invention.
[0021] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view at the CC section of the present invention.
[0022] The components include: 1. Threshing rod, 2. Drum body, 3. Guide hood, 4. Forced feeding auger, 5. Concave plate screen, 6. Threshing drum, and 7. Grid bars. Detailed Implementation
[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0024] Combination Figures 1 to 5 The present invention provides a low-loss and high-efficiency grain threshing device, including a threshing drum 6, a concave sieve 5, a forced feeding auger 4, and a flow guide 3. The concave sieve 5 is sleeved on the outside of the threshing drum, the forced feeding auger 4 is fixedly installed at the feed end of the threshing drum 6, and the flow guide 3 is sleeved on the outside of the forced feeding auger 4 and fixedly connected to the front end of the concave sieve 5.
[0025] The threshing drum 6 is equipped with threshing elements, which are composed of multiple sets of threshing rods 1. The threshing rods 1 on the front, middle and rear parts of the threshing drum 6 are respectively the first threshing rod group, the second threshing rod group and the third threshing rod group. The first threshing rod group consists of 3 to 4 rods, the second threshing rod group consists of 4 to 6 rods, and the third threshing rod group consists of 2 to 3 rods. The height of the second threshing rod group and the third threshing rod group is twice the height of the first threshing rod group. The gap between the first threshing rod and the third threshing rod in the same group is greater than the gap between the second threshing rod in the same group.
[0026] In this embodiment, the first threshing bar group consists of three first threshing bars, the second threshing bar group consists of five second threshing bars, and the third threshing bar group consists of two third threshing bars.
[0027] During operation, the grain is fed in from the front end of the threshing drum 6, and the spike-shaped grain is dragged into the guide hood 3 and the front cone of the threshing drum 6 by the strong feeding auger, thus achieving forced feeding of the grain; under the action of the strong feeding auger 4 and subsequent feeding grain, the fed grain enters the threshing chamber formed by the threshing drum 6 and the concave screen 5. The larger threshing gaps between the first threshing rod groups at the front of the threshing drum 6 improve the smoothness of grain feeding. The smaller number of first threshing rods, larger gaps, and shorter height in each group reduce threshing intensity, minimize grain damage, and improve threshing quality. The larger number and height of the second threshing rod groups in the middle of the threshing drum 6 reduce the threshing gaps, thereby increasing threshing intensity. This facilitates the separation of difficult-to-thresh grains from the stalks, reducing threshing losses. Furthermore, the preliminary threshing by the first threshing rods breaks up the uniformity of grain agglomeration, reducing the threshing load and thus minimizing grain damage. This achieves efficient threshing with low loss and minimal damage. The smaller number of third threshing rods at the rear of the threshing drum 6, but with the same height as the second threshing rods, helps reduce stalk breakage, improves stalk bulking, increases the probability of grains passing through the stalk layer, and reduces grain separation losses.
[0028] Preferably, the concave sieve is provided with multiple grid bars. The concave sieve 5 is divided into a first concave sieve, a second concave sieve, and a third concave sieve at the front, middle, and rear positions of the threshing drum 6. The gap between the multiple grid bars 7 on the first and third concave sieves is 1.5 to 2 times the maximum length of the grains to be threshed. The gap between the multiple grid bars 7 on the second concave sieve is 2 to 3 times the width of the grains to be threshed, and not greater than the maximum length of the grains.
[0029] In this embodiment, the direction of the grid bars 7 on the first concave sieve is parallel to the direction in which the threshing rods 1 are arranged; the direction of the grid bars 7 on the second concave sieve is parallel to the direction in which the threshing drum 6 is axial; and the direction of the grid bars 7 on the third concave sieve is perpendicular to the direction in which the threshing rods 3 are arranged. The parallel orientation of the grid bars 7 on the first concave sieve to the direction in which the threshing rods 1 are arranged improves threshing intensity and efficiency. The parallel orientation of the grid bars 7 on the second concave sieve to the axis of the threshing drum 6 reduces the rubbing effect of the threshing elements on the grains during the threshing process, thus lowering the grain damage rate. The perpendicular orientation of the grid bars 7 on the third concave sieve to the direction in which the threshing rods 3 are arranged reduces the threshing intensity on the stalks, decreases the stalk breakage rate, and increases the probability of grains passing through the stalk layer. Combining these advantages, efficient threshing with low grain loss and damage is achieved.
[0030] Preferably, the threshing drum 6 includes a drum body 2, and the threshing rods 1 are arranged in a 3-4 head spiral on the surface of the drum body 2, wherein the spiral angle of the spiral is smaller than the friction angle between the stalk and the threshing rod.
[0031] In this embodiment, the helix angle of the spiral is 24° to 28°.
[0032] In this embodiment, the rotation direction of the strong feeding auger 4 is consistent with the rotation direction of the threshing elements arranged in a spiral.
[0033] Preferably, the concave sieve 5 includes a sieve frame, the grid strips 7 are welded to the sieve frame, and the sieve frame coincides with the axis of the threshing drum 6.
[0034] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any minor modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims
1. A low-loss, high-efficiency grain separating device, characterized in that, The device includes a threshing drum, a concave screen, a forced feeding auger, and a flow guide hood. The concave screen is sleeved on the outside of the threshing drum, the forced feeding auger is fixedly installed at the feed end of the threshing drum, and the flow guide hood is sleeved on the outside of the forced feeding auger and fixedly connected to the front end of the concave screen. The threshing drum is equipped with threshing elements, which are composed of multiple sets of threshing rods. The threshing rods on the front, middle and rear parts of the threshing drum are respectively a first threshing rod group, a second threshing rod group and a third threshing rod group. The first threshing rod group consists of 3 to 4 rods, the second threshing rod group consists of 4 to 6 rods, and the third threshing rod group consists of 2 to 3 rods. The height of the second and third threshing rods is twice the height of the first threshing rod group. The gap between the first and third threshing rods in the same group is greater than the gap between the second threshing rods in the same group. The concave sieve is provided with multiple grid bars. The concave sieve is divided into a first concave sieve, a second concave sieve, and a third concave sieve at the front, middle, and rear positions of the threshing drum. The gap between the grid bars on the first and third concave sieves is 1.5 to 2 times the maximum length of the grains to be threshed. The gap between the grid bars on the second concave sieve is 2 to 3 times the width of the grains to be threshed, and not greater than the maximum length of the grains. The grid bars on the first concave sieve are parallel to the direction in which the threshing rods are arranged; the grid bars on the second concave sieve are parallel to the direction in which the threshing drum axis is aligned; and the grid bars on the third concave sieve are perpendicular to the direction in which the threshing rods are arranged.
2. The low-loss, high-efficiency grain separating device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The threshing drum includes a drum body, and the threshing rods are arranged in a 3-4 head spiral on the surface of the drum body. The spiral angle of the spiral is smaller than the friction angle between the stalk and the threshing rod.
3. The low-loss, high-efficiency grain separating device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The helix angle of the spiral is 24° to 28°.
4. The low-loss, high-efficiency grain separating device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The direction of rotation of the strong-feed auger is consistent with the direction of rotation of the helical threshing elements.
5. The low-loss, high-efficiency grain separating device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The concave sieve includes a sieve frame, the grid strips are welded to the sieve frame, and the sieve frame coincides with the axis of the threshing drum.