A layered manifold heat sink battery module and battery hybrid thermal management system

Abstract

The application discloses a layered manifold heat dissipation battery module and a battery hybrid heat management system. The battery module comprises a battery core, a phase change material layer and a layered manifold heat dissipation body. The phase change material layer is in a cylindrical structure and is arranged in the inner cavity of the layered manifold heat dissipation body. The battery core is arranged in the inner cavity of the phase change material layer. The layered manifold heat dissipation body is internally provided with two layers of manifold heat dissipation networks which are opposite to each other. The manifold heat dissipation network comprises a plurality of axial manifolds and a plurality of through manifolds. The axial manifolds are distributed along the side surface of the layered manifold heat dissipation body. One end of the axial manifold extends to the end surface of the layered manifold heat dissipation body, and the other end of the axial manifold is communicated with the through manifold. The through manifold is communicated between two adjacent axial manifolds. The application realizes the outward heat transfer through the layered multi-jet impact cooling, improves the heat dissipation speed, proposes a self-adaptive controllable heat management scheme and realizes the operation target in a wide temperature range.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to battery heat dissipation structure and thermal management system, and in particular to a layered manifold heat dissipation battery module and a battery hybrid thermal management system. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the full development of deep space exploration program, it promotes the wide application of space technology, such as energy development, planetary exploration, meteorology, navigation, space application construction of earth surface remote sensing, etc. For global military forces to provide various air defense, telecommunications and satellite data transmission combat systems. Among all these, the energy storage system (such as battery) with primary energy (such as photovoltaic) is the key component of spacecraft, which can ensure their operating life. However, spacecraft in the field of deep space exploration faces a new and complex space environment, the main environmental factors are large temperature difference, strong radiation and microgravity, etc. This requires the battery thermal management system to have high specific energy density, high specific power, wide temperature range operation, fast charging and high safety, etc.

[0003] The safety accident of the battery is mainly caused by thermal runaway, and the causes of thermal runaway include collision, overcharge and discharge, and thermal abuse. Thermal abuse is usually caused by the lack of good heat dissipation conditions in the battery pack, which causes the heat generated by the battery during operation to accumulate and cause the battery temperature to rise, and in serious cases, it can even cause the battery to catch fire and explode.

[0004] The traditional channel liquid cooling technology has the problems of high power consumption, low specific energy density, large difference in inlet and outlet heat exchange capacity, and poor temperature uniformity. Therefore, manifold heat dissipation technology has been developed, which has the advantages of low power consumption and high heat dissipation performance, but the manifold heat dissipation technology is mainly applied to chip microchannel heat sinks, and it is urgent to develop a manifold liquid cooling technology for battery module thermal management to achieve high-performance battery thermal management effect. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the above-mentioned problems, and to provide a layered manifold heat dissipation battery module, which integrates a liquid cooling plate with a layered manifold heat dissipation structure, effectively improves the heat dissipation efficiency, specific energy density and specific power of the thermal management system, and improves the safety of the battery pack.

[0006] Another purpose of the present application is to provide a battery hybrid thermal management system, which transfers heat outward through layered multi-jet impingement cooling to alleviate the problem of high heat flux and thermal non-uniform distribution during high-speed charging and discharging; by changing the electric field parameters to actively control the heat transfer and storage process, a self-adaptive and controllable thermal management scheme is proposed to achieve the goal of operating in a wide temperature range.

[0007] The purpose of the present application is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0008] A layered manifold heat dissipation battery module, comprising a battery core, a phase change material layer and a layered manifold heat sink;

[0009] The phase change material layer is in a cylindrical structure, and is arranged in an inner cavity of the layered manifold heat sink; the battery core is arranged in an inner cavity of the phase change material layer;

[0010] The layered manifold heat sink is internally provided with two layers of manifold heat sink networks which are opposite to each other; the manifold heat sink network comprises a plurality of axial manifolds and a plurality of through manifolds, the plurality of axial manifolds are distributed along the side surface of the layered manifold heat sink; one end of the axial manifold extends to the end surface of the layered manifold heat sink, and the other end of the axial manifold is in communication with the through manifold; the through manifold is in communication between two adjacent axial manifolds.

[0011] The working principle of the layered manifold heat dissipation battery module is as follows:

[0012] During operation, the heat generated by the battery core during charging / discharging is absorbed by the phase change material since the battery core is surrounded by the phase change material, and the temperature of the battery core can be controlled within a certain range due to the latent heat storage characteristics of the phase change material; the absorbed heat is transferred to the layered manifold heat sink (which is made of a material with excellent heat conduction performance, such as copper or aluminum alloy) by selecting a phase change material with appropriate thermal conductivity. Liquid cooling medium (a liquid with good thermal conductivity, such as water or ethylene glycol) is introduced into the axial manifold in the layered manifold heat sink by external force, and the liquid cooling medium flows forward along the axial manifold (multiple jets); during the flow process, the liquid cooling medium contacts the inner wall of the pipeline to form a thin liquid film, and there is a temperature difference between the liquid film and the channel wall, thereby generating convective heat transfer, so that heat is transferred to the liquid cooling medium; after passing through the through manifold, the liquid cooling medium flows out through another axial manifold, thereby taking away the heat and playing a heat dissipation role.

[0013] A battery hybrid heat management system, comprising a battery module, a circulating liquid cooling mechanism and an electric field regulation mechanism;

[0014] The battery module comprises a plurality of layered manifold heat dissipation battery modules, forming a honeycomb-like structure;

[0015] The circulating liquid cooling mechanism comprises a liquid storage tank, a liquid filling and returning tank, a liquid cooling circulating pipe and a liquid pump; the liquid storage tank is provided with a heater for heating the liquid cooling medium and a cooler for cooling the liquid cooling medium; the liquid filling and returning tank is provided with a plurality of liquid filling ports and liquid returning ports for docking with the ports of the axial manifold of the layered manifold heat dissipation battery module, the liquid filling ports and liquid returning ports are provided with two groups and are respectively located on opposite sides of the liquid filling and returning tank; the liquid filling ports and liquid returning ports are arranged in a staggered manner; the liquid cooling circulating pipe is provided with two groups and each comprises a liquid filling pipe and a liquid returning pipe, one end of the liquid filling pipe is in communication with the output port of the liquid storage tank, the other end of the liquid filling pipe is in communication with the liquid filling port of the liquid filling and returning tank; one end of the liquid returning pipe is in communication with the input port of the liquid storage tank, the other end of the liquid returning pipe is in communication with the liquid returning port of the liquid filling and returning tank; the liquid pump is connected with the liquid cooling circulating pipe;

[0016] The electric field regulation mechanism comprises electrode plates and an electric field regulation power supply, the electrode plates comprise positive electrode plates and negative electrode plates, the positive electrode plates and the negative electrode plates are arranged in the liquid filling and returning tank, and the positive electrode plates and the negative electrode plates are respectively located between the two ends of the battery module and the corresponding inner walls of the liquid filling and returning tank; the positive electrode plates and the negative electrode plates are connected with the electric field regulation power supply through wires.

[0017] The working principle of the above battery hybrid thermal management system is as follows:

[0018] When working, the heat generated by the battery module is stored in the phase change material, and the absorbed heat is transferred to the layered manifold heat sink; the liquid cooling medium in the liquid storage tank is introduced into the manifold heat sink network of the battery module through the liquid filling pipe, the heat of the phase change material is taken away through the heat convection between the liquid cooling medium and the wall surface of the layered manifold heat sink and the heat convection process of the liquid under the manifold distribution and convergence effect; the liquid cooling medium is returned to the liquid storage tank through the liquid returning pipe, and the temperature of the returned liquid cooling medium is reduced by the cooler in the liquid storage tank, so as to perform the circulating heat dissipation work.

[0019] Further, when the phase change material absorbs heat and starts to melt, and the battery temperature exceeds the set warning value, the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium can be accelerated by adjusting the liquid pump or the electromagnetic valve to increase the heat exchange intensity. Or the electric field regulation power supply is turned on, an electromagnetic field is generated by the positive electrode plates and the negative electrode plates, under the driving of the electric field, the liquid cooling medium flows and exchanges heat through electroosmosis, and the phase change material generates electroconvection under the action of the electric field force, so as to realize the intensification of heat transfer / heat storage. When the battery returns to the normal working temperature or the working strength of the components is low, the electric field regulation power supply is turned off or reduced. When the battery is at a low working temperature, the electric field regulation power supply is turned on, the heater of the liquid storage tank is started, the liquid cooling medium is driven to move by electroosmosis, and the phase change material is solidified and releases heat, so as to keep the battery thermal management system at a normal working temperature.

[0020] In one preferred embodiment of the present application, the two layered manifold heat dissipation battery modules are shared with one heat dissipation surface, which can simplify the structure and reduce the volume of the battery module.

[0021] In one preferred embodiment of the present application, the filling and returning tank comprises two opposite liquid collecting plates, which are provided with liquid filling cavities and liquid returning cavities.

[0022] The liquid filling cavity is provided with a plurality of outlets, and each outlet is provided with the filling port; the other end of the filling pipe is in communication with the liquid filling cavity of the filling and returning tank.

[0023] The liquid returning cavity is provided with a plurality of inlets, and each inlet is provided with the liquid returning port; the other end of the liquid returning pipe is in communication with the liquid returning cavity of the filling and returning tank.

[0024] Further, the filling and returning tank further comprises a liquid returning plate, which is also provided with a liquid returning cavity, and the liquid returning cavity of the liquid returning plate is in communication with the liquid returning cavity of the liquid collecting plate; the other end of the liquid returning pipe is in communication with the liquid returning cavity of the liquid returning plate.

[0025] In one preferred embodiment of the present application, the filling and returning tank is provided with a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature change of the battery module, so as to ensure that the battery module works within a safe temperature range. The temperature sensor is usually connected with a thermal management control unit, and transmits the temperature information to the thermal management system for real-time monitoring and control.

[0026] In one preferred embodiment of the present application, the liquid cooling circulation pipe is provided with a solenoid valve for adjusting the flow size of the liquid cooling working medium.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The layered manifold heat dissipation battery module of the present application adopts a layered manifold cooling honeycomb-like structure design, which can increase the liquid contact surface and effectively improve the heat dissipation efficiency, specific energy density and specific power of the thermal management system.

[0029] 2. The battery hybrid thermal management system of the present application uses phase change materials as a thermal buffer pool and an energy storage system to meet the space thermal environment change demand; the heat is transferred outward through layered multi-jet impact cooling to relieve the heat flow density and thermal non-uniform distribution problems of high-speed charging and discharging; the heat transfer and storage process is actively controlled by changing the electric field parameters, and an adaptive controllable thermal management scheme is proposed to achieve the goal of operating in a wide temperature range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 Figure a is a schematic diagram of the liquid cooling medium and its flow path for one embodiment of the layered manifold heat dissipation battery module of the present application.

[0031] Figure 2 Figure b is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the layered manifold heat dissipation battery module of the present application.

[0032] Figure 3 Figure c is a schematic diagram of the battery module of the battery hybrid thermal management system of the present application.

[0033] Figure 4 Figure d is a structural diagram of the battery hybrid thermal management system of the present application.

[0034] Figure 5 Figure e is a principle block diagram of the battery hybrid thermal management system of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present application, the present application will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0036] Embodiment 1

[0037] Referring to Figure 3 , the battery hybrid thermal management system of the present embodiment comprises a battery module, a circulating liquid cooling mechanism and an electric field regulation mechanism; the battery module comprises a plurality of layered manifold heat dissipation battery modules; wherein two layered manifold heat dissipation battery modules that are attached to each other share one heat dissipation surface, which can simplify the structure and reduce the volume of the battery module.

[0038] Referring to Figure 1 , the layered manifold heat dissipation battery module comprises a battery core 1, a phase change material layer 2 and a layered manifold heat dissipation body 3 (or composed of a liquid cooling plate); the phase change material layer 2 is in a cylindrical structure, which is arranged in the inner cavity of the layered manifold heat dissipation body 3; the battery core 1 is arranged in the inner cavity of the phase change material layer 2; the layered manifold heat dissipation body 3 is provided with two layers of manifold heat dissipation networks that are opposite to each other; the manifold heat dissipation network comprises a plurality of axial manifolds 4 and a plurality of through manifolds 5, forming an "m" type microchannel shape, and the flow area of the liquid cooling medium is limited in the microchannel; the plurality of axial manifolds 4 are distributed along the side surface of the layered manifold heat dissipation body 3; one end of the axial manifold 4 extends to the end surface of the layered manifold heat dissipation body 3, and the other end of the axial manifold 4 is in communication with the through manifold 5; the through manifold 5 is in communication between the adjacent two axial manifolds 4.

[0039] The working principle of the above layered manifold heat dissipation battery module is as follows:

[0040] When working, the heat generated by the battery core 1 during charging / discharging is absorbed by the phase change material, and the temperature of the battery core 1 can be controlled within a certain range due to the latent heat storage characteristics of the phase change material; the absorbed heat is transferred to the layered manifold heat sink 3 (made of a material with excellent heat conduction performance, such as copper or aluminum alloy) by selecting a phase change material with appropriate thermal conductivity. The liquid cooling medium (a liquid with good thermal conductivity, such as water, ethylene glycol, etc.) is introduced into the axial manifold 4 in the layered manifold heat sink 3 by external force, and the liquid cooling medium flows along the axial manifold 4; during the flow process, the liquid cooling medium contacts the inner wall of the pipeline to form a thin liquid film, and there is a temperature difference between the liquid film and the channel wall, thereby generating convective heat transfer, so that the heat is transferred to the liquid cooling medium; the liquid cooling medium passes through the through manifold 5 and then flows out through another axial manifold 4, thereby taking away the heat and playing a role of heat dissipation.

[0041] Referring to Figure 4 , the liquid cooling circulation mechanism comprises a liquid storage tank 6, a liquid filling and returning tank, a liquid cooling circulation pipe and a liquid sending pump; the liquid storage tank 6 is provided with a heater for heating the liquid cooling medium and a cooler for cooling the liquid cooling medium; the liquid filling and returning tank comprises two oppositely arranged liquid collecting plates 7, which are provided with a liquid filling cavity and a liquid returning cavity; the liquid filling cavity is provided with a plurality of outlets, and each outlet is provided with a filling port which is in butt joint with a port of the axial manifold 4 of the layered manifold heat sink battery module; the liquid returning cavity is provided with a plurality of inlets, and each inlet is provided with a liquid returning port which is in butt joint with a port of the axial manifold 4 of the layered manifold heat sink battery module; the filling port and the liquid returning port are arranged in a staggered manner.

[0042] Further, the liquid filling and returning tank further comprises a liquid returning plate 8 which is also provided with a liquid returning cavity, and the liquid returning cavity of the liquid returning plate 8 is in communication with the liquid returning cavity of the liquid collecting plate 7; the other end of the liquid returning pipe 10 is in communication with the liquid returning cavity of the liquid returning plate 8.

[0043] Referring to Figure 4 , the liquid cooling circulation pipe is provided with two groups and each group comprises a liquid filling pipe 9 and a liquid returning pipe 10, one end of the liquid filling pipe 9 is in communication with the output port of the liquid storage tank 6, and the other end of the liquid filling pipe 9 is in communication with the filling port of the liquid filling and returning tank; one end of the liquid returning pipe 10 is in communication with the input port of the liquid storage tank 6, and the other end of the liquid returning pipe 10 is in communication with the liquid returning port of the liquid filling and returning tank; the liquid sending pump is arranged in the liquid storage tank 6 and connected with the liquid cooling circulation pipe;

[0044] Referring to Figure 4The temperature sensor 11 is arranged in the filling return tank to monitor the temperature change of the battery module, ensuring that the battery module works within a safe temperature range. The temperature sensor 11 converts the temperature around the battery module into an electrical signal output by using a thermal element such as a thermocouple or other sensing technology, realizing the measurement and monitoring of the temperature. The temperature sensor 11 is usually connected to the thermal management control unit to transmit the temperature information to the thermal management system for real-time monitoring and control.

[0045] Referring to Figure 4 The liquid cooling circulation pipe is provided with an electromagnetic valve 12 for adjusting the flow size of the liquid cooling working medium.

[0046] Referring to Figure 4 The electric field regulating mechanism includes an electrode plate 13 and an electric field regulating power supply 14. The electrode plate 13 includes a positive plate and a negative plate, which are arranged in the filling return tank and located between the two ends of the battery module and the corresponding inner walls of the filling return tank. The positive plate and the negative plate are connected to the electric field regulating power supply 14 through wires.

[0047] Further, the electric field regulating power supply 14 provides the required stable direct current power supply for the battery thermal management system. The alternating current power supply is converted into a constant direct current power supply to meet the power demand of each component of the battery thermal management system. According to the demand of the battery thermal management system for the power supply, the voltage output, current output, power factor, efficiency, etc. are selected. The direct current power supply is usually connected to different components (such as cooling devices, pumps, heating devices, etc.) in the battery thermal management system through cables or terminals, and the electric field force is generated on the liquid cooling working medium and the phase change material by the electrode plate to control the flow and heat transfer process.

[0048] Referring to Figure 1 and Figures 3-5 The working principle of the above-mentioned battery hybrid thermal management system is as follows:

[0049] When working, the heat generated by the battery module is stored in the phase change material, and the absorbed heat is transferred to the layered manifold heat sink 3. The liquid cooling working medium in the liquid storage tank 6 is introduced into the manifold heat sink network of the battery module through the filling pipe 9, and the heat of the phase change material is taken out through the heat transfer between the liquid cooling working medium and the wall surface of the layered manifold heat sink 3 and the heat convection process of the liquid under the manifold distribution and convergence effect. The liquid cooling working medium is transported back to the liquid storage tank 6 through the return pipe 10, and the temperature of the returned liquid cooling working medium is reduced by the cooler in the liquid storage tank 6 to realize the circulation heat dissipation work.

[0050] Further, when the phase change material absorbs heat and starts to melt, the battery temperature exceeds the set warning value, the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium can be accelerated by adjusting the liquid pump or electromagnetic valve 12 to increase the heat exchange intensity. Or turn on the electric field control power supply 14, generate an electromagnetic field through the positive plate and the negative plate. Under the driving of the electric field, the liquid cooling medium flows through the electroosmotic flow for heat exchange, and the phase change material generates electroconvection under the action of the electric field force, so as to realize the intensification of heat transfer / heat storage. When the battery returns to normal working temperature or the working strength of the components is low, turn off or reduce the electric field control power supply 14. When the battery is at a lower working temperature, turn on the electric field control power supply 14 and start the heater of the liquid storage tank 6 to drive the liquid cooling medium to move by electroosmosis, and the phase change material solidifies and releases heat to keep the battery thermal management system at normal working temperature.

[0051] Embodiment 2

[0052] Reference Figure 2 Different from embodiment 1, the structure of the axial manifold 4 and the through manifold of this embodiment is different. The liquid cooling medium is injected into a large enough cubic space in the layered manifold heat sink 3 through a plurality of narrow filling ports, and continues to flow and diffuse in the space. The flow of the liquid cooling medium in the layered manifold heat sink 3 is not restricted by the internal pipeline. The phase change material absorbs heat transferred to the layered heat sink 3, and under the action of external force, the liquid cooling medium is introduced into the return port of the axial manifold 4 of the layered manifold heat sink 3, thereby taking away the heat. It has the characteristics of small weight, simple manufacturing, low failure rate and low liquid cooling power consumption, and can meet the heat dissipation and stable working requirements of the spacecraft in the environment of energy shortage and difficult maintenance in outer space.

[0053] The above is the preferred embodiment of the present application, but the embodiment of the present application is not limited by the above, any change, modification, replacement, combination, simplification made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present application should be an equivalent replacement method, and all are included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A battery hybrid thermal management system, characterized in that, This includes battery modules, a circulating liquid cooling system, and an electric field control system. The battery module includes multiple layered manifold heat dissipation battery modules. Each layered manifold heat dissipation battery module includes a battery cell, a phase change material layer, and a layered manifold heat sink. The phase change material layer has a cylindrical structure and is disposed within the inner cavity of the layered manifold heat sink. The battery cell is disposed within the inner cavity of the phase change material layer. The layered manifold heat sink contains two layers of manifold heat dissipation networks that are opposite to each other. The manifold heat dissipation network includes multiple axial manifolds and multiple through manifolds. The multiple axial manifolds are distributed along the side of the layered manifold heat sink. One end of each axial manifold extends to the end face of the layered manifold heat sink, and the other end of each axial manifold is connected to a through manifold. The through manifold connects two adjacent axial manifolds. The circulating liquid cooling mechanism includes a liquid storage tank, a filling and return tank, liquid cooling circulation pipes, and a liquid delivery pump. The liquid storage tank is equipped with a heater for heating the cooling liquid working fluid and a cooler for cooling the liquid working fluid. The filling and return tank has multiple filling and return ports for connecting to the ports of the axial manifold of the layered manifold heat dissipation battery module. There are two sets of filling and return ports, located on opposite sides of the filling and return tank. The filling and return ports are staggered. There are two sets of liquid cooling circulation pipes, each including a filling pipe and a return pipe. One end of the filling pipe is connected to the output port of the liquid storage tank, and the other end is connected to the filling port of the filling and return tank. One end of the return pipe is connected to the input port of the liquid storage tank, and the other end is connected to the return port of the filling and return tank. The liquid delivery pump is connected to the liquid cooling circulation pipes. The electric field control mechanism includes an electrode plate and an electric field control power supply. The electrode plate includes a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate, both of which are disposed inside the filling and return tank. The positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are respectively located between the two ends of the battery module and the corresponding inner wall of the filling and return tank. The positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are connected to the electric field control power supply through wires. When the phase change material absorbs heat and begins to melt, the electric field control power supply is turned on, and an electromagnetic field is generated through the positive and negative plates. Under the drive of the electric field, the liquid cooling working fluid flows and exchanges heat through electroosmosis. The phase change material generates electric convection under the action of the electric field force, thereby enhancing heat transfer / heat storage. When the battery returns to its normal operating temperature or the operating intensity of the components is low, turn off or reduce the electric field control power supply. When the battery is at a low operating temperature, the electric field control power supply is turned on to start the heater of the liquid storage tank, so that electroosmosis drives the movement of the liquid cooling working fluid, and the phase change material solidifies and releases heat to keep the battery thermal management system at the normal operating temperature.

2. The battery hybrid thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two adjacent layered manifold heat dissipation battery modules share a single heat dissipation surface.

3. The battery hybrid thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filling and return tank includes two oppositely arranged liquid collection plates, each with a liquid filling chamber and a liquid return chamber. The injection chamber is provided with multiple outlets, and each outlet is provided with the injection port; the other end of the injection pipe is connected to the injection chamber of the injection return tank; The return chamber is provided with multiple inlets, and each inlet is provided with a return port; the other end of the return pipe is connected to the return chamber of the filling return tank.

4. The battery hybrid thermal management system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The filling return tank also includes a return plate, which is also provided with a return cavity. The return cavity of the return plate is connected to the return cavity of the collecting plate; the other end of the return pipe is connected to the return cavity of the return plate.

5. The battery hybrid thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filling and return tank is equipped with a temperature sensor to monitor the temperature changes of the battery module, ensuring that the battery module operates within a safe temperature range.

6. The battery hybrid thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid cooling circulation pipe is equipped with a solenoid valve for adjusting the flow rate of the liquid cooling working fluid.

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