A synchronous water-cooled laser cladding head and cladding method based on photopowder co-path

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of laser cladding and laser additive manufacturing, specifically relating to a synchronous water-cooled laser cladding head and method based on co-channel photon and powder. The head includes a cladding head body, on which a laser head interface, a photon channel structure, a metal powder channel, and a cooling water channel structure are disposed. The laser head interface and the photon channel structure are vertically connected, and the metal powder channel is connected to the photon channel. The cooling water channel structure comprises an inlet channel, an annular cooling cavity, and an outlet channel arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The annular cooling cavity surrounds the photon channel structure, and the outlet channel sprays cooling water onto the substrate to cool it. This invention uses an externally placed water-cooling channel to form an annular water curtain, effectively reducing the adverse effects of heat accumulation during the cladding process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of laser cladding and laser additive manufacturing technology, specifically relating to a synchronous water-cooled laser cladding head and cladding method based on photo-powder co-path. Background Technology

[0002] Laser cladding technology refers to a process in which a selected coating material is placed on the surface of a substrate using different filler methods. The coating material and a thin layer on the substrate surface are then melted simultaneously by laser irradiation and rapidly solidified to form a surface coating with extremely low dilution and metallurgical bonding with the substrate material. This process significantly improves the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance, and electrical properties of the substrate material surface.

[0003] As the core component of laser cladding equipment, the laser cladding head is affected by laser radiation and optical path heat loss, and its surface and internal temperature are easily too high. It requires high-efficiency water cooling circulation for heat dissipation. The existing water cooling method of laser cladding head generally adopts an outer ring water cooling structure. This kind of ring water cooling structure is simple, and the heat dissipation area through which water cooling passes is limited, so the cooling effect is not strong.

[0004] Laser cladding, as a high-energy additive manufacturing method, involves continuous heat input to the substrate, which can easily cause the substrate temperature to become too high, affecting its microstructure and properties, as well as other flammable and easily deformable components. Therefore, effective cooling methods are needed to reduce the adverse effects of heat accumulation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a synchronous water-cooled laser cladding head and cladding method based on photo-powder co-path.

[0006] A synchronous water-cooled laser cladding head based on photo-powder co-path includes a cladding head body. The cladding head body is provided with a laser head interface, a photo-powder channel structure, a metal powder channel, and a cooling water channel structure. The laser head interface and the photo-powder channel structure are vertically connected. The metal powder channel is connected to the photo-powder channel. The cooling water channel structure includes an inlet channel, an annular cooling cavity, and an outlet channel arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The annular cooling cavity surrounds the photo-powder channel structure. The outlet channel sprays cooling water onto the substrate to cool the substrate.

[0007] Furthermore, the lower middle part of the annular cooling cavity is provided with several flow-dividing baffles, which divide the lower middle part of the annular cooling cavity into several cooling holes.

[0008] Furthermore, the water outlet channel is an annular structure surrounding the photosensitive powder channel structure.

[0009] Furthermore, several flow-stabilizing ribs are arranged in a ring around the water outlet channel.

[0010] Furthermore, the flow-stabilizing rib is connected to both the inner and outer sides of the channel wall of the water outlet channel, so that the part of the water outlet channel corresponding to the flow-stabilizing rib is divided into several water outlet holes.

[0011] Furthermore, the bottom of the flow-stabilizing rib is higher than the bottom of the water outlet channel, so that the lower part of the water outlet channel maintains an annular cavity structure.

[0012] Furthermore, there are at least two water inlet channels, located on both sides of the cladding head body, and at least two metal powder channels, located on both sides of the cladding head body, with the water inlet channels and metal powder channels arranged alternately.

[0013] Furthermore, the photosensitive material channel structure includes a photosensitive material gathering chamber and a photosensitive material channel that are connected vertically, and the lower end of the metal powder channel is connected to the photosensitive material gathering chamber.

[0014] Furthermore, an inner cylinder is provided in the cladding head body, the cladding head body and the inner cylinder are separately provided, the photosensitive powder channel is provided on the inner cylinder, and the water outlet channel is formed between the inner wall of the cladding head body and the outer wall of the inner cylinder.

[0015] The present invention also provides a synchronous water-cooled laser cladding method based on photo-powder co-path, which is implemented using the laser cladding head as described above. The method includes: the laser is injected from the laser head into the photo-powder channel structure and converges with the metal powder, and then is injected into the substrate through the exit of the photo-powder channel structure to complete the laser cladding. At the same time, cooling water is injected into the substrate through the cooling water channel structure to cool the substrate.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention forms a water-cooling structure by extending the water-cooling channel to form an annular water curtain, which can effectively reduce the adverse effects caused by heat accumulation during the cladding process; moreover, the present invention optimizes the water circuit, making the water circuit more complex and having a better heat dissipation effect, thereby enhancing the water-cooling effect. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of Example 1;

[0018] Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the structure of Example 1;

[0019] Figure 3 This is the third schematic diagram of the structure of Example 1;

[0020] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Sectional view of AA;

[0021] Figure 5 for Figure 3 BB section view;

[0022] Figure 6 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the longitudinal cross-section structure in Example 1;

[0023] Figure 7 This is the second schematic diagram of the longitudinal cross-section structure of Example 1;

[0024] Figure 8 This is the third schematic diagram of the longitudinal cross-section structure of Example 1;

[0025] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of longitudinal section structure in Example 2.

[0026] In the figure: 1. Cladding head body, 2. Metal powder channel, 3. Water inlet channel, 4. Laser head interface, 5. Light powder gathering chamber, 6. Water outlet channel, 7. Light powder channel, 8. Annular cooling chamber, 9. Flow divider, 10. Flow stabilizing rib. Detailed Implementation

[0027] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "one end", "the other end", "outer side", "upper side", "inner side", "horizontal", "coaxial", "center", "end", "length", "outer end", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0028] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example 1

[0029] Please see Figures 1-8 A synchronous water-cooled laser cladding head based on photo-powder co-path includes a cladding head body 1, which is an integral structure. The cladding head body 1 is provided with a laser head interface 4, a photo-powder channel structure, a metal powder channel 2, and a cooling water channel structure. The laser head interface 4 and the photo-powder channel structure are connected vertically. The metal powder channel 2 is connected to the photo-powder channel. The cooling water channel structure includes an inlet channel 3, an annular cooling cavity 8, and an outlet channel 6 connected sequentially from top to bottom. There are two inlet channels 3, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cladding head body 1. The inlet channel 3 has an inlet at the upper end. The annular cooling cavity 8 surrounds the photo-powder channel structure. The outlet channel 6 has an outlet at the lower end. The outlet channel 6 sprays cooling water onto the substrate to cool the substrate.

[0030] Continue reading Figures 6-8 The photosensitive material channel structure includes a photosensitive material gathering chamber 5 and a photosensitive material channel 7 connected vertically. There are 2 metal powder channels, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the cladding head body 1 and are evenly staggered with the water inlet channel 3. The lower end of the metal powder channel 2 is connected to the photosensitive material gathering chamber 5.

[0031] Continue reading Figure 4 and Figure 7 The annular cooling cavity 8 has several evenly distributed flow dividers 9 in its lower middle section, which divide the lower middle section of the annular cooling cavity 8 into several cooling holes. The upper part of the annular cooling cavity 8 still maintains the annular cavity structure. The annular cooling cavity 8 is located at the junction of the photosensitive powder gathering chamber 5 and the photosensitive powder channel 7.

[0032] Continue reading Figure 5 and Figure 8 The water outlet channel 6 is an annular structure surrounding the photosensitive material channel 7. Specifically, a number of flow-stabilizing ribs 10 are evenly distributed around the water outlet channel 6. The number of flow-stabilizing ribs 10 is greater than the number of flow-dividing baffles 9. Both sides of the flow-stabilizing ribs 10 are connected to the inner and outer sides of the channel wall of the water outlet channel 6, so that the part of the water outlet channel 6 corresponding to the flow-stabilizing ribs 10 is divided into a number of water outlet holes. The function of the flow-stabilizing ribs 10 is to stabilize the water flow and prevent the cooling water from spiraling along the inner wall of the water outlet channel 6, thereby preventing the water spray from the water outlet channel 6 from spreading and affecting the cooling effect. The bottom position of the flow-stabilizing ribs 10 is higher than the bottom position of the water outlet channel 6, so that the water outlet position of the water outlet channel 6 still maintains the annular cavity structure, which can eject an annular water curtain.

[0033] The cooling water channel structure in this embodiment allows the cooling water to be diverted and then wrap around the photosensitive material channel 7, forming a stable annular water curtain, which is then ejected through the water outlet channel 6. Example 2

[0034] This embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 in the following ways: In this embodiment, the cladding head body 1 is provided with an inner cylinder 11, the cladding head body 1 and the inner cylinder 11 are separately provided, the photosensitive powder channel 7 is provided on the inner cylinder 11, and the water outlet channel 6 is formed between the inner wall of the cladding head body 1 and the outer wall of the inner cylinder 11.

[0035] Specifically, a stepped hole is provided in the inner cavity of the cladding head body 1, and the inner cylinder 11 is configured as a stepped shaft structure. The inner cylinder 11 is inserted into the inner cavity of the cladding head body 1 through the laser head interface 4. The two are positioned by step-blocking connection, and the inner cylinder 11 and the inner cavity of the cladding head body 1 are transitionally fitted.

[0036] In this embodiment, the part with the photosensitive powder channel 7 in the center of the cladding head body 1 is separated out, which facilitates the processing and manufacturing of the aforementioned interface, chamber, and channel. Example 3

[0037] A synchronous water-cooled laser cladding method based on photo-powder co-path is implemented using a cladding laser head as described in Example 1 or Example 2. The method includes: the laser is injected from the laser head into the photo-powder channel structure and converges with the metal powder, and then is injected into the substrate through the exit of the photo-powder channel structure to complete the laser cladding. At the same time, cooling water is injected into the substrate through the cooling water channel structure to cool the substrate.

[0038] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A synchronous water cooling laser cladding head based on light powder same path, comprising a cladding head body (1), a laser head interface (4), a light powder channel structure, a metal powder channel (2) and a cooling water channel structure are arranged on the cladding head body (1), the laser head interface (4) and the light powder channel structure are arranged in communication up and down, the metal powder channel (2) is in communication with the light powder channel, characterized in that, The cooling water channel structure includes an inlet channel (3), an annular cooling chamber (8), and an outlet channel (6) arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The annular cooling chamber (8) surrounds the photosensitive material channel structure, and the outlet channel (6) sprays cooling water onto the substrate to cool the substrate. The water outlet channel (6) is an annular structure surrounding the photosensitive powder channel structure, forming an annular water curtain that directly sprays onto the substrate surface; The water outlet channel (6) is provided with several flow-stabilizing ribs (10). The flow-stabilizing ribs (10) are connected to both the inner and outer sides of the channel wall of the water outlet channel (6), so that the part of the water outlet channel (6) corresponding to the flow-stabilizing ribs (10) is divided into several water outlet holes. The bottom position of the flow-stabilizing ribs (10) is higher than the bottom position of the water outlet channel (6), so that the lower part of the water outlet channel (6) maintains an annular cavity structure. The annular cooling cavity (8) has several flow dividers (9) arranged around its lower middle part, which divide the lower middle part of the annular cooling cavity (8) into several cooling holes.

2. The synchronous water-cooled laser cladding head based on light powder in-line according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are at least two water inlet channels (3), which are located on both sides of the cladding head body (1). There are at least two metal powder channels (2), which are located on both sides of the cladding head body (1). The water inlet channels (3) and the metal powder channels (2) are arranged alternately.

3. The synchronous water-cooled laser cladding head based on photopowder co-path as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The photosensitive material channel structure includes a photosensitive material gathering chamber (5) and a photosensitive material channel (7) connected vertically, with the lower end of the metal powder channel (2) connected to the photosensitive material gathering chamber (5).

4. The synchronous water-cooled laser cladding head based on photopowder co-path as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The cladding head body (1) is provided with an inner cylinder (11), the cladding head body (1) and the inner cylinder (11) are separately provided, the photo-powder channel (7) is provided on the inner cylinder (11), and the water outlet channel (6) is formed between the inner wall of the cladding head body (1) and the outer wall of the inner cylinder (11).

5. A synchronous water-cooled laser cladding method based on photopowder co-path, characterized in that, The laser cladding head described in any one of claims 1-4 is used to achieve the following method: the laser is injected into the photo-powder channel structure by the laser head and converges with the metal powder, and then is injected into the substrate through the photo-powder channel structure to complete the laser cladding. At the same time, cooling water is injected into the substrate through the cooling water channel structure to cool the substrate.

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