A method and system for measuring blast pressure and crack propagation around a blast hole

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of explosion test analysis, in particular to a method and system for measuring explosion pressure and crack propagation process around a blast hole, the method comprising the following steps: performing blast simulation on a blast physical model and obtaining simulation data; analyzing the blast stress distribution and crack propagation law around the blast hole of the blast physical model according to the simulation data; obtaining the explosion pressure around the blast hole in combination with the blast stress distribution and the simulation data; and obtaining the crack propagation process around the blast hole in combination with the crack propagation law and the simulation data. The present application simulates and analyzes the blast stress distribution and crack propagation law around the blast hole of the blast physical model, thereby obtaining the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around the blast hole. Based on this, the experimental scheme of the blast physical model is adjusted and the simulation is continuously adjusted, thereby continuously improving the reliability of the simulation results.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of explosion testing and analysis, specifically to a method and system for measuring explosion pressure around a borehole and the crack propagation process. Background Technology

[0002] To measure the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around the borehole, most current methods rely on sensors and measuring devices to monitor and record the pressure and structural changes around the borehole during the explosion. However, the response speed and measurement accuracy of the relevant measuring instruments are affected by other factors such as the physical characteristics of the instruments, signal transmission conditions, and external interference signals. Therefore, the data on the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around the borehole have certain errors and uncertainties.

[0003] The pressure and displacement conditions around blast holes are typically complex and instantaneous, posing challenges to the processing and analysis of related data. Firstly, measurements conducted in an explosive environment carry inherent safety risks. Secondly, detection equipment may suffer from signal distortion or damage. Furthermore, current measurement methods often require manual operation and data processing, resulting in significant errors. Therefore, there is a need to improve and refine the measurement methods for blast pressure and crack propagation processes around blast holes, address issues such as equipment damage, data distortion, and human error, and enable the reuse of blasting models. This will allow for the development of more efficient blasting plans and strategies, further reducing the implementation costs of blasting operations and facilitating a deeper understanding of explosion mechanics and material properties. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing methods and the needs of practical applications, this invention aims to measure the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around blast holes, reduce the mutual influence between blast holes, and optimize the experimental scheme of the blasting physics model. Simulation data from the blasting physics model is collected to obtain the explosion stress distribution and crack propagation law around the blast holes. The simulation experimental scheme of the blasting physics model is then adjusted to reduce the mutual influence of blasting effects, ensure the simulation effect of the blasting experiment, improve the utilization rate and experimental effect of the physics model, and reduce the economic cost of the simulation experiment. Specifically, this invention provides a method for measuring the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around blast holes, comprising the following steps: performing blasting simulation on the blasting physics model and obtaining the simulation data; analyzing the explosion stress distribution and crack propagation law around the blast holes based on the simulation data; obtaining the explosion pressure around the blast holes by combining the explosion stress distribution and the simulation data; and obtaining the crack propagation process around the blast holes by combining the crack propagation law and the simulation data. This invention analyzes relevant data from a blasting physics model to obtain the distribution of explosive stress and crack propagation patterns around the borehole, reducing the interaction between blasting boreholes, improving the blasting effect of the physics model, and thus enhancing the practicality of the measurement method for explosive pressure and crack propagation process around the borehole.

[0005] Optionally, the blasting physical model includes: constructing the blasting physical model based on actual information from the blasting site. This invention constructs a blasting physical model based on geological data and environmental information of the blasting area, maximally replicating the results of blasting simulation experiments and improving the accuracy and realism of the measurement method.

[0006] Optionally, the step of analyzing the explosion stress distribution and crack propagation law around the borehole of the blasting physics model based on the simulation data includes: filtering the simulation data based on the blasting physics model to obtain the effect data of explosion pressure; and analyzing the explosion stress distribution around the borehole of the blasting physics model based on the effect data. This invention filters and optimizes the simulation data, extracts data related to the borehole explosion pressure, accelerates the data analysis process, and improves the feasibility of the borehole pressure measurement method.

[0007] Optionally, the step of analyzing the explosion stress distribution and crack propagation law around the blast hole in the blasting physical model based on the simulation data includes: filtering the simulation data based on the blasting physical model to obtain explosion crack variation data; and analyzing the crack propagation law around the blast hole in the blasting physical model based on the variation data. This invention analyzes the crack propagation law around the blast hole based on simulation data to obtain the crack variation around the blast hole in the physical model, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the crack analysis results around the blast hole.

[0008] Optionally, obtaining the explosion pressure around the borehole by combining the explosion stress distribution and the simulation data includes: constructing a borehole explosion pressure model based on the effect data and the explosion stress distribution; and obtaining the explosion pressure around the borehole through the borehole explosion pressure model. This invention, by establishing a digital model related to the blasting effect and utilizing data analysis to obtain the explosion pressure value around the borehole, provides strong data support for evaluating measurement results around the borehole.

[0009] Optionally, the borehole explosion pressure model includes: the borehole explosion pressure model satisfies the following formula:

[0010]

[0011] Where P represents the pressure around the blast hole. The pressure is represented by: σ = (A / B) the average pressure of the fluid surrounding the borehole; Q = (A / B) the amount of explosive material used; μ = (A / B) the influence weight of the blasting environment; σ = (A / B) the attenuation coefficient of the borehole shape; and t = (A / B) the interaction time between the explosive stress and the borehole wall. This invention, by analyzing data from various influencing factors, more accurately assesses the pressure around the blasting borehole, thereby improving the accuracy of blasting pressure measurement results around the borehole.

[0012] Optionally, obtaining the crack propagation process around the borehole by combining the crack propagation law and the simulation data includes: constructing a crack propagation model around the borehole based on the change data and the crack propagation law; and obtaining the crack propagation process around the borehole through the crack propagation model. This invention studies the crack propagation status around the borehole through crack changes and specific data, providing more accurate, comprehensive, and efficient data support for measurement methods.

[0013] Optionally, the crack propagation model around the borehole includes: the crack propagation model around the borehole satisfies the following formula:

[0014]

[0015] Where L represents the crack displacement around the borehole, P represents the pressure around the blast borehole, and α represents the angle between the stress direction and the crack direction. Let λ represent the coefficient of friction of the crack, λ represent the cohesive force of the crack, K represent the crack initiation strength, t represent the crack initiation time around the borehole, and η represent the viscosity coefficient of crack movement. This invention uses a digital model to analyze the crack propagation process around the borehole, ensuring the scientific validity of the relevant data and improving the applicability and scientific rigor of the measurement methods for the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around the borehole.

[0016] Optionally, the method for measuring the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around the borehole further includes: analyzing the simulation performance of the blasting physical model based on the explosion pressure and the crack propagation process; and adjusting the blasting physical model based on the simulation performance to obtain the optimal blasting simulation effect. This invention combines the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around the borehole to study the experimental and operational effects of the physical model, reducing the mutual influence between boreholes, lowering the economic cost of simulation experiments, and improving the economic efficiency of the experiments.

[0017] Secondly, to efficiently execute the method for measuring the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around a borehole provided by this invention, this invention also provides a measurement system for the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around a borehole. The system includes a processor, an input device, an output device, and a memory, which are interconnected. The memory stores a computer program, which includes program instructions. The processor is configured to call the program instructions to execute the method for measuring the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around a borehole as described in the first aspect of this invention. The measurement system for the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around a borehole of this invention has a compact structure and stable performance, and can stably execute the method for measuring the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around a borehole provided by this invention, thereby improving the overall applicability and practical application capability of this invention. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for measuring the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around the borehole according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the crack propagation around the borehole at different times according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the explosion pressure around the borehole and time according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect rate of the pressure around the blast hole at different blasting angles according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the cohesive force and internal friction force of the blasting physics model of the present invention and the explosion pressure around the blast hole.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the strain of the cracks around the borehole in this invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the length and number of cracks around the borehole and time in this invention.

[0025] Figure 8This is a structural diagram of the measurement system for explosion pressure and crack propagation process around the borehole according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] Specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. It should be noted that the embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these specific details are not necessary to practice the invention. In other instances, well-known circuits, software, or methods have not been specifically described to avoid obscuring the invention.

[0027] Throughout this specification, references to "an embodiment," "an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Therefore, the phrases "in an embodiment," "in an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" appearing in various places throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments or examples in any suitable combination and / or sub-combination. Moreover, those skilled in the art will understand that the illustrations provided herein are for illustrative purposes and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0028] Please see Figure 1 To reduce the mutual influence between blasting boreholes and improve the experimental effect of the physical model, this embodiment analyzes the simulation data of the blasting physical model to obtain the explosion stress distribution and crack propagation law around the blasting borehole, further deepening the understanding of the pressure and crack condition around the borehole. This helps in designing and optimizing blasting simulation schemes, improving the effect of blasting experiments, and increasing the economic benefits of blasting simulation experiments. This invention proposes a method for measuring the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around the borehole. Through in-depth analysis of simulation data, a corresponding digital model is constructed, and the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around the blasting borehole are accurately obtained. This not only improves the accuracy of blasting experiments but also effectively saves experimental costs, playing an important role in promoting the optimization of blasting simulation schemes. This invention provides a method for measuring the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around the borehole, which includes the following steps:

[0029] S1. Perform blasting simulation on the blasting physical model and obtain simulation data.

[0030] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned blasting physical model is constructed based on the actual information of the blasting site.

[0031] The physical model of blasting is affected by the blasting environment, experimental conditions, and other comprehensive factors. In this embodiment, the physical model is constructed based on actual information from the blasting site. To ensure that the physical model can reproduce the actual situation as accurately as possible, this embodiment will fully consider the influence of factors such as blasting temperature, ambient wind speed, geological features, and casting materials on the physical model. These factors play a crucial role in the simulation process, thereby establishing a reliable and effective physical model, which in turn allows for better measurement and optimization of blasting experiment results.

[0032] To construct the blasting physics model, the specific implementation steps and related content of this embodiment are as follows:

[0033] First, an on-site investigation of the blasting site is conducted. Information is obtained, including but not limited to, rock mass structure, weak interlayers, and groundwater information. The rock mass structure is helpful in assessing its impact on the blasting effect; weak interlayers are used to understand their impact on blast propagation; and groundwater information is used to consider how to effectively address the impact of the external environment.

[0034] Then, a blasting physical model is constructed based on information from the field survey, including but not limited to model size, material selection, and blasting layout. Specifically, the model's scale and size are determined according to the actual size and proportion of the blasting site to accurately simulate the blasting process; suitable model materials are selected based on rock mass properties, interlayer characteristics, and groundwater hydrology information to accurately simulate the geological conditions at the site; and explosives, detonators, and other blasting equipment are arranged in the model according to the blasting plan and design requirements to accurately simulate the blasting process. This structure is a crucial component in constructing the blasting physical model, upon which a reliable and effective blasting physical model can be obtained, facilitating subsequent research and prediction of the conditions around the blast holes.

[0035] Finally, based on the blasting scheme and design requirements of the simulation experiment, the blasting physics simulation was further improved, including but not limited to adjustments to the arrangement and parameters of the blasting materials. The blasting physics model was further refined by considering factors such as borehole shape, diameter, depth, and charge quantity, to promptly identify and resolve potential simulation experiment problems, ensure the safety and success of the blasting test, optimize the blasting design scheme, and improve blasting effects and economic benefits.

[0036] Furthermore, the specific method for constructing the blasting physical model in this embodiment is merely an optional condition of the present invention. In one or more other embodiments, the structure of the physical model can be adjusted according to the actual blasting situation to better design blasting experiment schemes, explosive dosage and other parameters, thereby improving the efficiency and safety of blasting experiments.

[0037] In this embodiment, various monitoring instruments were installed at the simulated experimental site to comprehensively and in real-time monitor relevant data and information from the blasting simulation experiment. These monitoring instruments include, but are not limited to, velocity sensors, time detectors, and pressure monitors, which can accurately measure and record relevant data from the blasting physical model, providing data support for detailed analysis of blasting boreholes and operational monitoring of mechanical equipment.

[0038] The aforementioned monitoring instruments possess advantages such as simple structure, adaptability to harsh environments, and ease of operation, enabling them to operate in extreme environments such as high and low temperatures and strong radiation. On one hand, they can acquire accurate and reliable data, providing strong support for the research of blasting simulation schemes. On the other hand, in the implementation examples, they can quickly and accurately grasp various details and changes in the blasting process, further ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the research results, and providing important reference and guidance for subsequent blasting borehole analysis and evaluation optimization.

[0039] Furthermore, the detection instrument used in this embodiment can make corresponding adjustments and responses according to changes in time or changes in the object, and can stably output data related to the input. In one or more other embodiments, the monitoring equipment can be adjusted to obtain reliable monitoring data.

[0040] S2. Based on the above simulation data, analyze the explosion stress distribution and crack propagation law around the blast hole in the blasting physical model.

[0041] First, in this embodiment, simulation data is selected based on the blasting physics model to obtain the effect data of explosion pressure; the explosion stress distribution around the borehole of the blasting physics model is analyzed based on the effect data. Simulation data on the change of explosion cracks is then selected based on the blasting physics model; the crack propagation law around the borehole of the blasting physics model is analyzed based on the change data.

[0042] In this embodiment, the simulation data of the blasting physics model are statistically analyzed to extract information related to the pressure and cracks around the blast hole, and further explore their distribution patterns and trends.

[0043] The simulation data of the blasting physics model is cleaned, organized, and transformed for subsequent statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics are performed on the simulation data, including but not limited to calculating the mean, standard deviation, maximum, and minimum values, to understand the basic distribution and characteristics of the simulation data. The data analysis results are presented using charts, graphs, and other methods to better understand the distribution and logical relationships of the relevant data, including but not limited to drawing histograms, scatter plots, and box plots. Regression analysis can be used to explore the causal relationships between data, further understanding the distribution of explosive stress around the borehole. Cluster analysis is used to classify the distribution of explosive stress around the borehole into different categories to better understand and measure the explosion effects under different conditions.

[0044] Based on the statistical analysis of the simulation data, the stress, motion state, and influencing factors of the fluid around the blast borehole are obtained, and the effects of external factors on the blast pressure are evaluated based on the relevant data.

[0045] Please refer to the analysis results based on the simulation data. Figure 2 In this embodiment, a three-dimensional surface image of the blasting physical model is plotted, but it is not limited to plotting the three-dimensional image using MATLAB programming. T1, T2, T3, and T4 represent different moments in the blasting test, with the time sequence from T1 to T4; B represents the borehole of the blasting physical model, and is a cross-sectional view; L represents the crack propagation around the borehole, including but not limited to crack displacement, direction, and number. Based on the crack propagation around the borehole, it can be seen that as the blasting test time and number of tests increase, the number of cracks around the borehole will increase, the crack propagation process will change, and the crack propagation trend will be irregular. This embodiment will further study the influence of blasting pressure on crack propagation around the borehole and analyze the degree of influence between surrounding boreholes to achieve accurate measurement of the blasting pressure around the borehole, reduce the mutual influence between boreholes, better predict and prevent damage to the physical model structure caused by blasting, help protect the surrounding environment, reduce safety risks, further optimize the implementation plan of the blasting test, and improve the simulation effect of the blasting test.

[0046] Furthermore, the statistical and analytical method for the simulation data of the blasting physics model in this embodiment is merely an optional condition. Its specific application can be adjusted and optimized according to the actual situation to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the data.

[0047] S3. Combine the explosion stress distribution of the blasting physics model with simulation data to obtain the explosion pressure around the borehole.

[0048] In this embodiment, a borehole explosion pressure model is constructed based on the effect data of explosion pressure and the distribution of explosion stress; the explosion pressure of the blasting physics model is obtained through the borehole explosion pressure model.

[0049] The above-mentioned borehole explosion pressure model satisfies the following formula:

[0050]

[0051] Where P represents the pressure around the blast hole. denoted by σ, where σ represents the average pressure of the fluid surrounding the borehole, Q represents the amount of explosive material used, μ represents the influence weight of the blasting environment, σ represents the attenuation coefficient of the borehole shape, and t represents the duration of the blast stress on the inner wall of the borehole.

[0052] Please see Figure 3 Z represents the maximum blast pressure around the blast hole. Subsequently, due to the consumption of blasting material, interference from environmental factors, and absorption by the blasting physics model, the blast pressure around the blast hole decreases rapidly after point Z.

[0053] Based on the effect data of explosion pressure, explosion stress distribution, and related diagrams, it is known that the average pressure of the fluid surrounding the borehole affects the stress distribution within the borehole. During the blasting process, the pressure of the fluid around the borehole is transmitted to the borehole wall, thus affecting the stress distribution around the borehole. If the average pressure of the fluid around the borehole is high, it can lead to problems such as borehole deformation or rupture. On the other hand, the average pressure of the fluid around the borehole may also affect the blasting effect. If the average pressure is too high, it can hinder the movement of the explosive material, thereby affecting the final blasting test results.

[0054] The more explosive material used, the greater the energy generated during the blast, and the higher the pressure around the borehole. Besides the amount of explosive material, other factors such as the detonation characteristics of the explosive, its loading status, reaction time, and environmental factors also affect the pressure around the borehole.

[0055] The higher the detonation velocity of the explosive, the higher the resulting shock pressure. High-velocity explosives generate higher pressure and a faster shock wave during detonation, resulting in greater shock pressure. The shape of the explosive charge affects the formation of detonation products and the movement of surrounding fluids, thus influencing the pressure around the borehole. Spherical or cylindrical explosive charges generate greater detonation pressure than flat ones. Continuous charges produce sustained shock pressure, while interval charges generate multiple shock pressures during detonation. The required detonation time also affects the stress conditions around the borehole. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the combined effects of multiple factors on the pressure around the borehole.

[0056] In this embodiment, based on the effect data of explosion pressure, the distribution of explosion stress, and schematic diagrams, a suitable blasting scheme and experimental method are selected to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the blasting experiment.

[0057] In this embodiment, information such as the blasting environment and the properties of the blast hole are used to analyze the pressure around the blast hole. Furthermore, in one or more other embodiments, the settings for influencing factors and analysis methods can be adjusted according to actual needs to ensure the authenticity of the analysis content and simulation results of the specific embodiments.

[0058] Furthermore, the specific construction method of the measurement model of the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around the blast hole in this embodiment is only an optional condition of the present invention. In other embodiments, the influencing factors and analysis methods can be changed according to the specific conditions of the blasting site to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of the final blast hole measurement results.

[0059] This embodiment investigates the pressure and duration of action in an explosion physics model. Based on the effect data of explosion pressure and the distribution of explosion stress, it is known that the faster the speed of the stress wave in the explosion physics model, the shorter the interaction time between the explosion stress and the inner wall of the borehole. The speed of the explosion stress wave in the physics model also affects the stress on the inner wall of the borehole. When the explosion stress wave propagates faster, the explosion stress on the inner wall of the borehole increases, thereby increasing the pressure value on the inner wall of the borehole.

[0060] The higher the gas density inside the borehole, the longer the explosive stress acts on the borehole wall. That is, when the gas density inside the borehole is high, the explosive stress wave will collide with gas molecules during propagation, and the explosive energy will be gradually absorbed and dissipated, thus extending the required time to act. The gas density inside the borehole also affects the intensity of the explosive stress.

[0061] The larger the surface area inside the borehole, the shorter the time that the explosive stress acts on the borehole wall. When the surface area of ​​the borehole wall is large, the time it takes for the explosive stress wave to propagate to the wall will also be shortened, thus reducing the duration of action. The surface area inside the borehole also affects the intensity of the explosive stress; when the surface area of ​​the borehole wall is large, the intensity of the explosive stress wave will also decrease, thereby weakening the destructive effect on the borehole wall.

[0062] When studying the duration of the effect of explosion pressure on the borehole interior, this study analyzes not only the velocity of the blasting gas and the reflection coefficient of the stress inside the borehole, but also the influence of the borehole surface area on the duration of the effect. This comprehensive analysis helps to better understand the mechanism of explosion pressure action inside the borehole, optimize blasting experimental schemes, and improve blasting effectiveness and economic benefits. The aforementioned relationship between the explosion stress and the duration of the effect on the borehole interior is as follows:

[0063]

[0064] Where t represents the time during which the explosive stress acts on the inside of the borehole, ρ represents the gas density inside the borehole, c represents the proportion of the explosive material, V represents the velocity of the explosive gas pressure, τ represents the reflection coefficient of the stress inside the borehole, and s represents the surface area inside the blast borehole.

[0065] Furthermore, a deeper investigation into the effect of explosive stress on boreholes and understanding the temporal variation trend of blasting operations helps to optimize blasting models and improve blasting effects, while ensuring the safety of the surrounding environment and personnel. In one or more other embodiments, the analysis method can be adjusted according to experimental needs to ensure the accuracy and feasibility of the relevant data results.

[0066] In this embodiment, τ represents the reflection coefficient of the stress inside the borehole. Based on the effect data of the explosion pressure, the distribution of explosion stress, and the characteristic properties of the blasting borehole, it can be seen that the deeper the borehole in the blasting physical model, the greater the reflection coefficient. When the borehole depth of the physical model increases, the explosion stress wave will be reflected and absorbed multiple times during propagation, thereby enhancing the stress reflection effect.

[0067] The greater the angle of inclination of the blasting borehole relative to the working face, the smaller the reflection coefficient. Please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 4 The graphs depict the relationship between the blasting pressure and pressure action rate around the blast hole at 0, 30, 60, and 90 degrees relative to the working horizontal plane. Based on the blasting information and diagrams, it can be seen that as the blast hole's inclination angle increases, the angle between the propagation direction of the blast stress wave and the hole's axis also increases. This disperses the energy of the reflected wave in more directions, reducing the energy reflected back into the hole, thus weakening the final reflection effect. In practical applications, the reflection coefficient of the stress inside the blast hole is also related to factors such as the hole shape, material properties, and the external environment, requiring comprehensive analysis and consideration based on specific circumstances.

[0068] In blasting physics models, a larger borehole diameter results in a smaller reflection coefficient. If the borehole diameter increases, the blast stress wave is more easily scattered through the borehole opening during propagation, reducing the energy reflected back into the borehole and ultimately weakening the reflection effect.

[0069] The attenuation coefficient of the borehole shape refers to the degree to which the stress wave energy is attenuated due to reflection and absorption by the borehole wall as it propagates within the borehole. The more irregular the borehole shape, the larger the attenuation coefficient, because the irregular borehole wall induces more scattering and reflection effects. A larger attenuation coefficient indicates stronger reflection and absorption by the borehole wall, resulting in less energy reflected back into the borehole and a weaker reflection effect. The physical model shows that the attenuation coefficient of the borehole shape directly affects the reflection coefficient of the stress inside the borehole.

[0070] Based on the blasting physics model and structural characteristics, the reflection coefficient of the stress inside the above-mentioned borehole satisfies the following relationship:

[0071]

[0072] Where τ represents the reflection coefficient of the internal stress of the blast hole, l represents the depth of the blast hole, θ represents the inclination angle of the blast hole relative to the working face, d represents the diameter of the blast hole, and σ represents the attenuation coefficient of the shape of the blast hole.

[0073] Furthermore, this embodiment provides a deeper understanding of the energy transfer characteristics during the blasting process, enabling more effective utilization of blasting energy and improved blasting efficiency. This allows for the use of less explosive while meeting experimental requirements, thereby reducing the cost of blasting experiments.

[0074] S4. The crack propagation process around the blast hole is obtained by combining the crack propagation law of the blasting physics model and the simulation data.

[0075] In this embodiment, a crack propagation model around the blast hole is constructed based on the change data of the explosion crack and the crack propagation law; the crack propagation process of the blasting physics model is obtained through the crack propagation model around the blast hole.

[0076] The above crack propagation model around the borehole satisfies the following formula:

[0077]

[0078] Where L represents the crack displacement around the borehole, P represents the pressure around the blast borehole, and α represents the angle between the stress direction and the crack direction. λ represents the friction coefficient of the crack, λ represents the cohesion of the crack, K represents the crack initiation strength, t represents the initiation time of the crack around the borehole, and η represents the viscosity coefficient of crack movement.

[0079] Please see Figure 5 This study investigates the influence of material properties of a blasting physics model on blasting pressure, and analyzes the relationship between internal friction and cohesion of cracks around the blast hole and the crack propagation process around the blast hole; please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 61, 2, 3, and 4 represent the crack conditions around the borehole at different times, A represents the explosion pressure corresponding to the appearance of cracks, a represents the appearance of cracks around the borehole, B represents the explosion pressure corresponding to the peak value of the crack, b represents the peak value of the crack around the borehole, C represents the explosion pressure corresponding to the crack propagation, c represents the connection and propagation of cracks around the borehole, D represents the explosion pressure corresponding to the continuous change of microcracks, and d represents the continuous sliding of microcracks around the borehole.

[0080] Furthermore, in this embodiment, before time 1, the explosion pressure around the borehole is insufficient to cause cracking deformation around the borehole, that is, it does not exceed the strength limit of the blasting physics model at this time; between time 1 and time 2, new cracks will continuously be generated around the borehole and the cracks will move accordingly. The explosion pressure value corresponding to time 1 is sufficient to exceed the strength limit of the physics model, and cracks begin to be generated around the borehole. At time 2, the cracks around the borehole reach their peak; between time 2 and time 4, the cracks around the borehole will gradually connect with each other and move slowly using the explosion energy, eventually forming larger cracks or gaps. As time goes by and the explosion energy decreases, only some fine cracks continue to move.

[0081] Based on the data and diagrams illustrating the changes in explosive cracks, it is evident that borehole pressure is a crucial factor influencing crack propagation. When the pressure within the borehole reaches a certain level, cracks will appear in the borehole wall, and these cracks will propagate further with increasing pressure. The higher the borehole pressure, the more easily cracks will form on the borehole wall, and the more pronounced the crack propagation will be. During the blasting process, if the pressure on the borehole wall exceeds the stress limit of the surrounding material, cracks will form on the borehole wall, gradually propagating over time and eventually leading to borehole expansion and rupture. This, in turn, affects the results of other blasting tests, resulting in a waste of resources in the blasting experiment.

[0082] During blasting tests, the larger the angle between the stress direction and the crack direction, the more likely cracks are to form on the borehole wall, and the more pronounced the crack propagation. When the angle between the stress direction and the crack direction is zero degrees (i.e., the stress direction is aligned with the crack direction), cracks are more likely to form on the borehole wall. This is because when the stress direction is aligned with the crack direction, the stress distribution on the borehole wall is more uneven, easily leading to stress concentration and thus crack formation. Conversely, when the angle between the stress direction and the crack direction is 90 degrees (i.e., the stress direction is perpendicular to the crack direction), the probability of crack formation on the borehole wall is lowest. This is because when the stress direction is perpendicular to the crack direction, the stress distribution on the borehole wall is relatively more uniform, reducing stress concentration and thus minimizing the likelihood of crack formation.

[0083] Crack friction refers to the mutual attraction between crack surfaces, while crack cohesion refers to the cohesive force within the crack. Crack friction and cohesion are related to the material properties of the borehole wall, borehole design, and explosive properties. A better coefficient of friction requires more energy for crack propagation, resulting in a shorter propagation time within the borehole; conversely, a worse coefficient of friction requires less stress for crack propagation, leading to a longer propagation time. Furthermore, the magnitude of crack cohesion also affects the borehole crack propagation process. Lower cohesion makes cracks propagate more easily, increasing the propagation time; higher cohesion makes cracks less likely to propagate, decreasing the propagation time. Therefore, the coefficient of friction and cohesion significantly influence the borehole crack propagation process and require thorough consideration and evaluation to ensure blasting safety and effectiveness.

[0084] The crack initiation time of a blasting borehole refers to the time it takes for cracks to begin to form on the inner wall of the borehole when the pressure reaches the strength limit of the borehole wall material. The longer the crack initiation time, the easier it is for cracks to form on the inner wall of the borehole, and the more obvious the crack propagation will be. Prolonged exposure to high pressure on the inner wall of the borehole will cause the strength of the inner wall material to gradually decrease, thereby increasing the risk of crack propagation.

[0085] In this embodiment, a digital model was constructed based on information such as the material properties of the borehole, the characteristics of the blast pressure, and the blast test conditions. This model was used to evaluate the crack changes in the blast physical model. On the one hand, the digital model can accurately measure the movement amplitude and trend of the borehole crack, providing a more reliable basis for the blast test. On the other hand, it can better understand the influence of various factors on the crack propagation process around the borehole during the blast test, thereby optimizing the test measurement scheme and improving the effectiveness and safety of the blast test.

[0086] Furthermore, the data processing methods and optimization techniques used in this embodiment can be selected in one or more ways depending on the actual situation, in order to achieve the accuracy of the blasting test data, improve the simulation level of the blasting test, and provide technical support and data support for the measurement results around the blast hole.

[0087] Crack initiation strength has a significant impact on the crack propagation process; please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 7 As crack strength increases, the crack propagation process also gradually intensifies. When the crack strength reaches a certain threshold, the crack begins to propagate, and the number and length of cracks around the borehole change. Crack propagation causes the occurrence of crack propagation processes. In this embodiment, we will further explore the crack initiation strength of the blasting physics model to understand the relationship between crack initiation strength and crack propagation process.

[0088] When the borehole pressure in a blasting physics model exceeds a certain critical value, cracks begin to propagate, causing damage to the surrounding rock. This critical value is called the initiation strength. The higher the borehole pressure in the blasting physics model, the lower the initiation strength. When the pressure inside the borehole exceeds the tensile strength of the rock, existing microcracks within the rock will begin to propagate, further damaging the surrounding rock.

[0089] Cracks propagate most easily when the direction of borehole stress is perpendicular to the direction of crack initiation. Because the borehole stress acts perpendicularly to the crack surface, the stress difference across the crack is greatest, resulting in the maximum driving force for crack propagation and the minimum crack initiation strength. When the direction of borehole stress forms an angle with the direction of crack initiation, the driving force for crack propagation decreases, and the crack initiation strength increases.

[0090] A larger borehole radius in the physical model results in a larger radius of curvature for the borehole's inner wall, leading to a more uneven stress distribution around the borehole. Due to variations in borehole depth, the stress distribution around the borehole also differs, with a higher concentration of stress at the bottom and a relatively more uniform distribution at the top. This stress distribution affects crack initiation; a more uneven stress distribution makes crack formation more likely. Therefore, a larger borehole radius generally results in lower initiation strength. In practical applications, a comprehensive analysis and consideration of specific circumstances are necessary to determine an appropriate borehole radius, minimizing the degree of crack initiation, thereby reducing the risk of rock collapse during blasting, ensuring operational safety, and lowering blasting costs.

[0091] To accurately analyze the crack conditions around the blasting holes, reduce the mutual influence between blasting holes, and optimize the experimental data, the crack initiation strength of the above cracks must satisfy the following relationship:

[0092]

[0093] Where K represents the crack initiation strength, R represents the final radius of the borehole crack, P represents the pressure around the blasting borehole, r represents the radius of the blasting borehole, and α represents the angle between the stress direction and the crack initiation direction. λ represents the coefficient of friction of the crack, and λ represents the cohesion of the crack.

[0094] Furthermore, this embodiment studies the crack initiation strength of the physical model, which can identify the weaknesses of the materials used to build the physical model. Based on the fatigue strength of the materials, the materials and composition of the physical model can be adjusted to improve the test results of the blasting physical model, further optimize the blasting test design scheme, and improve the safety and reliability of the blasting test results.

[0095] In this embodiment, the method for measuring the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around the borehole also includes: analyzing the simulation performance of the blasting physics model based on the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around the borehole; and adjusting the blasting physics model based on the above simulation performance to obtain the optimal blasting simulation effect.

[0096] The performance of the physical simulation is analyzed based on the changing trends and evaluation results of the explosion pressure and crack propagation process. In the embodiments, the differences between the simulation results and the actual situation are compared, including but not limited to the presentation results and changing trends of indicators such as explosion pressure and crack propagation process. Then, it is determined whether the changes in the simulation results are reasonable, and the performance of the blasting physical model is further evaluated.

[0097] If the variation range or trend of the simulation results is too large or too small, resulting in a significant error compared to the actual situation, it will affect the accuracy of the simulation test results. On the one hand, we can analyze whether the changes in explosion pressure in the simulation results match the actual situation. If the pressure change trend differs significantly from the actual situation, it indicates that the performance of the blasting physics model needs improvement. On the other hand, we can observe whether the changes in the crack propagation process in the simulation results match the actual situation. If the displacement change trend differs significantly from the actual situation, it indicates that the relevant structures of the blasting physics model need adjustment.

[0098] The blasting physics model was adjusted based on the comparison results to obtain the optimal blasting physics model and experimental effects. Based on the differences between the simulation results and actual conditions, problems in the blasting physics model were identified, and adjustments were made to address issues such as inaccurate material properties, excessive model simplification, and unreasonable boundary condition settings.

[0099] Based on the existing problems of the aforementioned blasting physics model, the blasting physics model is optimized. In this embodiment, material properties can be adjusted, model structure optimized, and boundary conditions reset. The adjusted blasting physics model is then re-simulated to obtain new simulation results. Based on the new simulation results, the improvement of the adjusted blasting physics model is evaluated. If significant differences remain in the new simulation results, the model is adjusted and optimized again. The blasting physics model can be repeatedly simulated and evaluated until the optimal blasting physics model and experimental results are obtained.

[0100] In this embodiment, by repeatedly adjusting the blasting physical model, the accuracy and reliability of the simulation results are gradually improved, providing a more scientific and reliable basis and support for blasting design schemes and experimental measurement results.

[0101] Furthermore, the testing and optimization method of the blasting physics model in this embodiment is conducive to further improving the accuracy and reliability of the simulation experiment results. In one or more other embodiments, the optimization method of the physics model can be changed according to specific implementation requirements, which is conducive to obtaining more comprehensive, accurate and finer information on the pressure around the blast hole and the crack propagation law.

[0102] In this embodiment, by using blasting test data and a digital model, the distribution of explosive stress and crack propagation patterns around the blasting blast holes in the blasting physical model are evaluated. The explosive pressure and crack propagation process around the blasting blast holes are obtained. Based on this, the blasting test scheme and physical model structure are adjusted and optimized to reduce mutual interference between blasting blast holes, improve the utilization rate of the physical model, optimize the performance of the blasting physical model, and improve the accuracy and reliability of blasting simulation results. This provides a more scientific and reliable basis and support for blasting design schemes and test measurement results.

[0103] Please see Figure 8 In an optional embodiment, to efficiently execute the method for measuring the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around a borehole provided by the present invention, the present invention also provides a system for measuring the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around a borehole. This system includes a processor, an input device, an output device, and a memory, which are interconnected. The memory stores a computer program, which includes program instructions. The processor is configured to call the program instructions to execute the specific steps of the relevant embodiments of the method for measuring the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around a borehole provided by the present invention. The system for measuring the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around a borehole of the present invention has a complete and stable structure, and can efficiently execute the method for measuring the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around a borehole provided by the present invention, thereby improving the overall applicability and practical application capability of the present invention.

[0104] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around a borehole, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Perform blasting simulation on the blasting physical model and obtain the simulation data; The simulation data is used to analyze the explosion stress distribution and crack propagation pattern around the borehole in the blasting physics model. The explosion stress distribution includes: Based on the blasting physics model, the simulation data is filtered to obtain the effect data of explosion pressure; The distribution of explosive stress around the borehole in the blasting physics model is analyzed based on the effect data. The crack propagation law includes: Based on the blasting physics model, the simulation data is filtered to obtain the change data of the explosion crack; Based on the changes in data, the crack propagation pattern around the blast hole in the blasting physics model was analyzed. The explosion pressure around the borehole was obtained by combining the explosion stress distribution and the simulation data. The obtained explosive pressure around the borehole includes: A borehole explosion pressure model is constructed based on the effect data and the explosion stress distribution. The explosion pressure around the borehole was obtained using the borehole explosion pressure model. The crack propagation process around the borehole was obtained by combining the crack propagation law and the simulation data. The process of obtaining crack propagation around the borehole includes: A crack propagation model around the borehole is constructed based on the aforementioned change data and the aforementioned crack propagation pattern. The crack propagation process around the borehole is obtained through the crack propagation model described above. The borehole explosion pressure model includes: The borehole explosion pressure model satisfies the following formula: ， in, This indicates the pressure around the blast hole. This represents the average pressure of the fluid around the borehole. Indicates the amount of explosive material used. The weighting of the impact of the blasting environment. The attenuation coefficient represents the shape of the borehole. Indicates the duration of interaction between the explosive stress and the inner wall of the borehole; The crack propagation model around the borehole includes: The crack propagation model around the borehole satisfies the following formula: ， in, This indicates the displacement of the crack around the borehole. This indicates the pressure around the blast hole. Indicates the angle between the direction of stress and the direction of cracking. This represents the coefficient of friction of the crack. This represents the cohesive force within the crack. This indicates the crack initiation strength. This indicates the time of crack initiation around the borehole. The viscosity coefficient represents the crack movement.

2. The method for measuring the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around the borehole according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blasting physical model includes: The blasting physical model is constructed based on the actual information from the blasting site.

3. The method for measuring the explosion pressure and crack propagation process around the borehole according to claim 1, characterized in that, The methods for measuring the explosion pressure around the borehole and the crack propagation process also include: The simulation performance of the blasting physics model was analyzed based on the explosion pressure and the crack propagation process. The blasting physics model is adjusted based on the simulation performance to obtain the optimal blasting simulation effect.

4. A measurement system for explosion pressure and crack propagation process around a borehole, characterized in that, The system includes a processor, an input device, an output device, and a memory, which are interconnected. The memory stores a computer program, which includes program instructions. The processor is configured to invoke the program instructions to execute the method for measuring the explosion pressure around the borehole and the crack propagation process as described in any one of claims 1-3.

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