Methods, apparatus, media, and devices for predicting swelling of bentonite in salt solutions

Abstract

The application discloses a method, device, medium and equipment for predicting deformation of bentonite in a salt solution, and belongs to the technical field of bentonite deformation calculation. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining an external load and a pore solution concentration of bentonite to be predicted; bringing the external load and the pore solution concentration of the bentonite to be predicted into a generalized effective stress expression to obtain a generalized effective stress of the bentonite to be predicted; bringing the generalized effective stress of the bentonite to be predicted into a unified deformation equation of bentonite in a salt solution to obtain a pore ratio of a stable state after deformation of the bentonite to be predicted; calculating a deformation coefficient of the bentonite to be predicted according to an initial pore ratio of the bentonite to be predicted and the pore ratio of the stable state after deformation of the bentonite to be predicted; and predicting a deformation prediction result of the bentonite to be predicted according to the deformation coefficient of the bentonite to be predicted. The device, the medium and the equipment can be used to realize the method. The method can greatly shorten the test time in actual engineering, and further accelerate the engineering progress.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of calculation technology for bentonite deformation, and in particular to a method, apparatus, medium and equipment for predicting the deformation of bentonite in salt solution. Background Technology

[0002] Due to its high expansibility, low permeability, and excellent adsorption properties, bentonite is selected as a buffer barrier material in environmental geotechnical engineering projects such as landfills and deep geological repositories for high-level radioactive waste. During operation, these environmental geotechnical barriers are affected by leachate or saline groundwater. Compacted bentonite expands and deforms after absorbing moisture. Simultaneously, under external loads, bentonite undergoes compressive deformation. This volumetric deformation behavior of bentonite significantly impacts the service performance of environmental geotechnical buffer barriers. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a method, apparatus, medium and equipment for predicting the deformation of bentonite in salt solution, which can effectively overcome the difficulty of long test cycle of bentonite deformation test, greatly shorten the test time in actual engineering, and thus speed up the project progress, making it more suitable for practical use.

[0004] To achieve the first objective mentioned above, the technical solution of the method for predicting bentonite deformation in salt solutions provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] The method for predicting bentonite deformation in salt solutions provided by this invention includes the following steps:

[0006] Obtain the external load and pore solution concentration of the bentonite to be predicted;

[0007] Substituting the external load and pore solution concentration of the bentonite to be predicted into the generalized effective stress expression, the generalized effective stress of the bentonite to be predicted is obtained.

[0008] The generalized effective stress of the bentonite to be predicted is introduced into the unified deformation equation of bentonite in salt solution to obtain the porosity of the bentonite in the stable state after deformation.

[0009] The deformation coefficient of the bentonite to be predicted is calculated based on the initial void ratio and the void ratio of the bentonite to be predicted in the stable state after deformation.

[0010] Based on the deformation coefficient of the bentonite to be predicted, the deformation prediction result of the bentonite to be predicted is predicted.

[0011] The method for predicting bentonite deformation in salt solutions provided by this invention can be further implemented using the following technical measures.

[0012] Preferably, in the step of substituting the generalized effective stress of the bentonite to be predicted into the unified deformation equation of bentonite in salt solution to obtain the porosity of the bentonite in the stable state after deformation, the method for obtaining the unified deformation equation of bentonite in salt solution includes the following steps:

[0013] Obtain bentonite saturated with distilled water under the first external load condition as a reference point, where the first external load is σ0, the void ratio of the reference point is e0, and the volumetric water content is... Assuming that the physicochemical forces between soil and water in bentonite saturated with distilled water under the first external load condition are self-equilibrium, that is, the repulsive and attractive forces in the physicochemical interactions are equal, the generalized effective stress at the reference point is obtained as σ″0=σ0.

[0014] Calculate the physicochemical forces at the reference point;

[0015] Bentonite saturated with distilled water under the second external load condition was obtained as a deformed bentonite sample, where the second external load was σ1 and the pore water pressure was u. w The void ratio is e1, and the volumetric water content is

[0016] Calculate the generalized effective stress of the deformed bentonite sample;

[0017] Based on the physicochemical forces at the reference point and the generalized effective stress of the deformed bentonite sample, a unified deformation equation for bentonite in salt solution is obtained.

[0018] As a preferred option

[0019] The formula for calculating the physicochemical forces is as follows:

[0020] When the solute salt in the salt solution is a monovalent salt, in the formula,

[0021] The formula for calculating the osmotic pressure of Dornan is:

[0022]

[0023] In the formula,

[0024] Π D -Dornan osmotic pressure,

[0025] n w -Volume water content

[0026] R - Generalized gas constant, 8.314 J / mol / K

[0027] T - Temperature, K,

[0028] c-salt solution concentration, mol / m 3 ,

[0029] c fix - Fixed charge density, mol / m 3 Its expression is c fix =10·CEC·ρ d ,

[0030] CEC-cation exchange capacity, mmol / 100g

[0031] ρ d -Dry density, g / cm³ 3 Its expression is ρ d = (1-n)G s ,

[0032] G s -proportion,

[0033] n - porosity.

[0034] As a preferred option

[0035] The formula for calculating generalized effective stress is:

[0036]

[0037] In the formula,

[0038] σ” - Generalized effective stress, kPa,

[0039] σ - External load, kPa.

[0040] As a preferred option

[0041] The unified deformation equation for bentonite in the salt solution is:

[0042] e=N-λlnσ″

[0043] In the formula:

[0044] N - Porosity when the generalized effective stress is 1

[0045] λ - Uniform deformation index

[0046] Substituting the reference point (e0, σ″0) and the deformed bentonite sample (e1, σ″1) into the unified deformation equation of bentonite in the salt solution, a system of two linear equations in two variables is obtained. Solving the equations yields the parameters N and λ.

[0047] Preferably, when there are multiple deformed bentonite samples, the system of two linear equations contains more than two equations, which can yield numerical solutions for multiple parameters N and λ. The steps for solving the equations further include the following:

[0048] For the numerical solutions of the multiple parameters N and λ, the least squares method is applied to obtain the optimized values ​​of parameters N and λ.

[0049] Preferably, in the step of calculating the deformation coefficient of the bentonite to be predicted based on its initial void ratio and the void ratio of the bentonite in its stable state after deformation, the formula for calculating the deformation coefficient of the bentonite to be predicted is as follows:

[0050] ε=(e'-e) / e

[0051] In the formula,

[0052] ε - the deformation coefficient of bentonite,

[0053] e' - the void ratio of bentonite after deformation

[0054] e - Initial void ratio of bentonite.

[0055] To achieve the second objective mentioned above, the technical solution of the emotion recognition device provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0056] The device for predicting bentonite deformation in salt solutions provided by this invention includes:

[0057] The data acquisition unit is used to acquire the external load and pore solution concentration of the bentonite to be predicted;

[0058] The generalized effective stress calculation unit is used to input the external load and pore solution concentration of the bentonite to be predicted into the generalized effective stress expression to obtain the generalized effective stress of the bentonite to be predicted.

[0059] The void ratio calculation unit is used to input the generalized effective stress of the bentonite to be predicted into the unified deformation equation of the bentonite in the salt solution to obtain the void ratio of the bentonite to be predicted in the stable state after deformation.

[0060] The deformation coefficient calculation unit is used to calculate the deformation coefficient of the bentonite to be predicted based on the initial void ratio of the bentonite to be predicted and the void ratio of the bentonite to be predicted in the stable state after deformation.

[0061] The deformation prediction result unit is used to predict the deformation prediction result of the bentonite to be predicted based on the deformation coefficient of the bentonite to be predicted.

[0062] To achieve the third objective mentioned above, the technical solution of the computer-readable storage medium provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0063] The present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a program for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution. When the program for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution provided by the present invention.

[0064] To achieve the fourth objective mentioned above, the technical solution for the electronic device provided by this invention is as follows:

[0065] The electronic device provided by the present invention includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a program for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution. When the program for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution is executed by the processor, the steps of the method for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution provided by the present invention are implemented.

[0066] This invention provides a method, apparatus, medium, and equipment for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution. First, the external load and pore solution concentration of the bentonite to be predicted are obtained. Then, the external load and pore solution concentration are substituted into the generalized effective stress expression to obtain the generalized effective stress of the bentonite. Subsequently, the generalized effective stress is substituted into the unified deformation equation of bentonite in a salt solution to obtain the porosity of the bentonite in its stable state after deformation. Next, based on the initial porosity and the porosity of the bentonite in its stable state after deformation, the deformation coefficient of the bentonite is calculated. Finally, based on the deformation coefficient, the deformation prediction result of the bentonite is determined. This method only requires basic physical properties of bentonite, such as specific gravity and cation exchange capacity, and determines parameters N and λ through two experimental points using distilled water-saturated bentonite to effectively predict the expansion and compression deformation of bentonite in a salt solution. Therefore, it can save a lot of testing time and provide accurate predictions of the expansion and compression deformation of bentonite in salt solutions. Attached Figure Description

[0067] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0068] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the steps of a method for predicting bentonite deformation in a salt solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 2 A plane diagram showing the expansion and compression paths of bentonite under total stress and generalized effective stress;

[0070] Figure 3 To standardize the calibration diagrams of parameters N and λ in the deformation equations;

[0071] Figure 4 A comparison chart showing the predicted and experimental values ​​of the expansion and compression deformation of bentonite in salt solution;

[0072] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the signal flow relationship between the functional modules in the device for predicting bentonite deformation in salt solution provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0073] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the device structure for predicting bentonite deformation in a salt solution, provided for the hardware operating environment of this embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0074] In view of this, the present invention provides a method, apparatus, medium and equipment for predicting the deformation of bentonite in salt solution, which can effectively overcome the difficulty of long test cycle of bentonite deformation test, greatly shorten the test time in actual engineering, and thus speed up the project progress, making it more suitable for practical use.

[0075] Through arduous and persistent efforts, the inventor discovered that

[0076] Expansion and deformation tests of bentonite in salt solution show that, under constant overburden load, the expansion and deformation of bentonite samples decreases with increasing salt solution concentration. Simultaneously, when absorbing the same concentration of salt solution, the expansion and deformation of bentonite samples decreases with increasing overburden load. Compression tests of bentonite show that the void ratio decreases with increasing salt solution concentration in the bentonite pores. During subsequent mechanical loading, the compression curve of the salt solution-saturated bentonite sample is below that of the distilled water-saturated bentonite sample. With increasing overburden load, the compression curve of the salt solution-saturated bentonite gradually approaches that of the distilled water-saturated bentonite sample. The testing period for salt solution in bentonite is long, measured in weeks. Therefore, establishing a theoretical model to predict the expansion and compression deformation of bentonite in salt solution is urgently needed.

[0077] Regarding theoretical models, some studies have used a deformation index related to salt solution concentration to theoretically characterize the deformation characteristics of bentonite saturated with salt solutions of different concentrations. However, determining this deformation index parameter still requires deformation tests of bentonite in salt solutions of different concentrations, which takes a considerable amount of time. Another method for predicting bentonite deformation characteristics involves using the same deformation index to predict the deformation behavior of bentonite in salt solutions, based on a modified effective stress that considers the influence of salt solution concentration. However, the physicochemical interaction between soil and water includes both repulsive forces caused by the double electric layer between clay sheets and attractive forces such as van der Waals forces. Therefore, determining the effective stress poses a challenge to the method of predicting bentonite deformation characteristics based on generalized effective stress. In recent years, new progress has been made in the study of generalized effective stress equations that simultaneously consider the repulsive and attractive components of the physicochemical interaction between soil and water. Using the concept of generalized effective stress, it has become possible to theoretically predict the expansion and compression deformation of bentonite in salt solutions.

[0078] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose, the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, details the specific implementation, structure, features, and effects of a method, apparatus, medium, and device for measuring bentonite deformation in a salt solution according to the present invention. In the following description, different "embodiments" or "embodiments" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.

[0079] In this article, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships, such as A and / or B. Specifically, it can mean that A and B can be included at the same time, A can exist alone, or B can exist alone, and any of the above three situations can be met.

[0080] Methods for predicting bentonite deformation in salt solutions

[0081] See appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 4 The method for predicting bentonite deformation in salt solution provided in this embodiment of the invention includes the following steps:

[0082] Step S1: Obtain the external load and pore solution concentration of the bentonite to be predicted;

[0083] Step S2: Substitute the external load and pore solution concentration of the bentonite to be predicted into the generalized effective stress expression to obtain the generalized effective stress of the bentonite to be predicted.

[0084] Step S3: Substitute the generalized effective stress of the bentonite to be predicted into the unified deformation equation of bentonite in the salt solution to obtain the porosity of the bentonite in the stable state after deformation.

[0085] Step S4: Calculate the deformation coefficient of the bentonite to be predicted based on the initial void ratio and the void ratio of the bentonite in the stable state after deformation.

[0086] Step S5: Based on the deformation coefficient of the bentonite to be predicted, predict the deformation result of the bentonite to be predicted.

[0087] This invention provides a method for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution. First, the external load and pore solution concentration of the bentonite to be predicted are obtained. Then, the external load and pore solution concentration are substituted into the generalized effective stress expression to obtain the generalized effective stress of the bentonite. Subsequently, the generalized effective stress is substituted into the unified deformation equation of bentonite in a salt solution to obtain the porosity of the bentonite in its stable state after deformation. Next, based on the initial porosity and the porosity of the bentonite in its stable state after deformation, the deformation coefficient of the bentonite is calculated. Finally, based on the deformation coefficient, the deformation prediction result of the bentonite is determined. This method only requires basic physical properties of bentonite, such as specific gravity and cation exchange capacity, and determines parameters N and λ through two experimental points using distilled water-saturated bentonite to effectively predict the expansion and compression deformation of bentonite in a salt solution. Therefore, it can save a significant amount of testing time and provide accurate predictions for the expansion and compression deformation of bentonite in a salt solution.

[0088] In step S3, which involves incorporating the generalized effective stress of the bentonite to be predicted into the unified deformation equation of the bentonite in the salt solution to obtain the porosity of the bentonite in the stable state after deformation, the method for obtaining the unified deformation equation of the bentonite in the salt solution includes the following steps:

[0089] Step S301: Obtain the bentonite saturated with distilled water under the first external load condition as a reference point, where the first external load is σ0, the void ratio of the reference point is e0, and the volumetric water content is... Assuming that the physicochemical forces between soil and water in bentonite saturated with distilled water under the first external load condition are self-equilibrium, that is, the repulsive and attractive forces in the physicochemical interactions are equal, the generalized effective stress at the reference point is obtained as σ″0=σ0.

[0090] Step S302: Calculate the physicochemical forces at the reference point;

[0091] Step S303: Obtain bentonite saturated with distilled water under the second external load condition as a deformed bentonite sample, wherein the second external load is σ1 and the pore water pressure is u. w The void ratio is e1, and the volumetric water content is

[0092] Step S304: Calculate the generalized effective stress of the deformed bentonite sample;

[0093] Step S305: Based on the physicochemical forces at the reference point and the generalized effective stress of the deformed bentonite sample, obtain the unified deformation equation of bentonite in the salt solution.

[0094] The formula for calculating physicochemical forces is as follows:

[0095] When the solute salt in the salt solution is a monovalent salt, in the formula,

[0096] The formula for calculating the osmotic pressure of Dornan is:

[0097]

[0098] In the formula,

[0099] Π D -Dornan osmotic pressure,

[0100] n w -Volume water content

[0101] R - Generalized gas constant, 8.314 J / mol / K

[0102] T - Temperature, K,

[0103] c-salt solution concentration, mol / m 3 ,

[0104] c fix - Fixed charge density, mol / m 3 Its expression is c fix =10·CEC·ρ d ,

[0105] CEC-cation exchange capacity, mmol / 100g

[0106] ρ d -Dry density, g / cm³ 3 Its expression is ρ d = (1-n)G s ,

[0107] G s -proportion,

[0108] n - porosity.

[0109] The formula for calculating the generalized effective stress is as follows:

[0110]

[0111] In the formula,

[0112] σ" - Generalized effective stress, kPa

[0113] σ - External load, kPa.

[0114] The unified deformation equation for bentonite in salt solution is:

[0115] e=N-λlnσ″

[0116] In the formula:

[0117] N - Porosity when the generalized effective stress is 1

[0118] λ - Uniform deformation index

[0119] Substituting the reference point (e0, σ″0) and the deformed bentonite sample (e1, σ″1) into the unified deformation equation of bentonite in the salt solution, we obtain a system of two linear equations. Solving the equations yields the parameters N and λ.

[0120] When there are multiple deformed bentonite samples, the system of two linear equations contains more than two equations, and multiple numerical solutions for parameters N and λ can be obtained. The steps to solve the equations also include the following:

[0121] For numerical solutions with multiple parameters N and λ, the least squares method is applied to obtain optimized values ​​for parameters N and λ.

[0122] The least squares method (also known as the least squares method) is a mathematical optimization technique. It finds the best function fit for data by minimizing the sum of squares of the errors. The least squares method can be used to easily obtain unknown data while minimizing the sum of squares of the errors between the obtained data and the actual data. The least squares method can also be used for curve fitting. Other optimization problems can also be expressed using the least squares method by minimizing energy or maximizing entropy. In this embodiment, the least squares method is used to obtain optimized values ​​for parameters N and λ, making the deformation prediction data of bentonite in salt solution more accurate.

[0123] In the step of calculating the deformation coefficient of the bentonite to be predicted based on its initial void ratio and the void ratio of the bentonite in its stable state after deformation, the formula for calculating the deformation coefficient of the bentonite to be predicted is as follows:

[0124] ε=(e'-e) / e

[0125] In the formula,

[0126] ε - the deformation coefficient of bentonite,

[0127] e' - the void ratio of bentonite after deformation

[0128] e - Initial void ratio of bentonite.

[0129] Device for predicting the deformation of bentonite in salt solution

[0130] See appendix Figure 5 The apparatus for predicting bentonite deformation in salt solution provided in this embodiment of the invention includes:

[0131] The data acquisition unit is used to acquire the external load and pore solution concentration of the bentonite to be predicted;

[0132] The generalized effective stress calculation unit is used to input the external load and pore solution concentration of the bentonite to be predicted into the generalized effective stress expression to obtain the generalized effective stress of the bentonite to be predicted.

[0133] The void ratio calculation unit is used to input the generalized effective stress of the bentonite to be predicted into the unified deformation equation of the bentonite in the salt solution to obtain the void ratio of the bentonite in the steady state after deformation.

[0134] The deformation coefficient calculation unit is used to calculate the deformation coefficient of the bentonite to be predicted based on the initial void ratio and the void ratio of the bentonite to be predicted in the stable state after deformation.

[0135] The deformation prediction result unit is used to predict the deformation result of the bentonite to be predicted based on the deformation coefficient of the bentonite to be predicted.

[0136] This invention provides an apparatus for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution. First, the external load and pore solution concentration of the bentonite to be predicted are obtained. Then, the external load and pore solution concentration are substituted into the generalized effective stress expression to obtain the generalized effective stress of the bentonite. Subsequently, the generalized effective stress is substituted into the unified deformation equation of bentonite in a salt solution to obtain the porosity of the bentonite in its stable state after deformation. Then, based on the initial porosity and the porosity of the bentonite in its stable state after deformation, the deformation coefficient of the bentonite is calculated. Finally, based on the deformation coefficient, the deformation prediction result of the bentonite is determined. This method only requires basic physical properties of bentonite such as specific gravity and cation exchange capacity, and determines parameters N and λ through two experimental points using distilled water-saturated bentonite to effectively predict the expansion and compression deformation of bentonite in a salt solution. Therefore, it can save a significant amount of testing time and provide accurate predictions for the expansion and compression deformation of bentonite in a salt solution.

[0137] Computer-readable storage media

[0138] The computer-readable storage medium provided by the present invention stores a program for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution. When the program for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution provided by the present invention are implemented.

[0139] This invention provides a computer-readable storage medium for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution. First, the external load and pore solution concentration of the bentonite to be predicted are obtained. Then, the external load and pore solution concentration are substituted into the generalized effective stress expression to obtain the generalized effective stress of the bentonite. Subsequently, the generalized effective stress is substituted into the unified deformation equation of bentonite in a salt solution to obtain the porosity of the bentonite in its stable state after deformation. Next, based on the initial porosity and the porosity of the bentonite in its stable state after deformation, the deformation coefficient of the bentonite is calculated. Finally, based on the deformation coefficient, the deformation prediction result of the bentonite is determined. This method only requires basic physical properties of bentonite such as specific gravity and cation exchange capacity, and determines parameters N and λ through two experimental points using distilled water-saturated bentonite, thus effectively predicting the expansion and compression deformation of bentonite in a salt solution. Therefore, it can save a lot of testing time and provide accurate predictions of the expansion and compression deformation of bentonite in salt solutions.

[0140] electronic devices

[0141] The electronic device provided by the present invention includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a program for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution. When the program for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution is executed by the processor, the steps of the method for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution provided by the present invention are implemented.

[0142] This invention provides a device for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution. First, the external load and pore solution concentration of the bentonite to be predicted are obtained. Then, the external load and pore solution concentration are substituted into the generalized effective stress expression to obtain the generalized effective stress of the bentonite. Subsequently, the generalized effective stress is substituted into the unified deformation equation of bentonite in a salt solution to obtain the porosity of the bentonite in its stable state after deformation. Next, based on the initial porosity and the porosity of the bentonite in its stable state after deformation, the deformation coefficient is calculated. Finally, based on the deformation coefficient, the deformation prediction result of the bentonite is determined. This device only requires basic physical properties of bentonite, such as specific gravity and cation exchange capacity, and determines parameters N and λ through two experimental points using distilled water-saturated bentonite to effectively predict the expansion and compression deformation of bentonite in a salt solution. Therefore, it can save a significant amount of testing time and provide accurate predictions for the expansion and compression deformation of bentonite in a salt solution.

[0143] See appendix Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure for predicting bentonite deformation in a salt solution, which is part of the hardware operating environment of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0144] like Figure 6 As shown, the device for predicting bentonite deformation in a salt solution may include: a processor 1001, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a communication bus 1002, a user interface 1003, a network interface 1004, and a memory 1005. The communication bus 1002 is used to establish communication between these components. The user interface 1003 may include a display screen or an input unit such as a keyboard; optionally, the user interface 1003 may also include a standard wired interface or a wireless interface. The network interface 1004 may optionally include a standard wired interface or a wireless interface (such as a Wi-Fi interface). The memory 1005 may be a high-speed random access memory (RAM) or a stable non-volatile memory (NVM), such as a disk drive. The memory 1005 may also optionally be a storage device independent of the aforementioned processor 1001.

[0145] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 6 The structure shown does not constitute a limitation on the device for predicting bentonite deformation in salt solutions, and may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0146] like Figure 6 As shown, the memory 1005, which serves as a storage medium, may include an operating system, a data storage module, a network communication module, a user interface module, and a program for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution.

[0147] exist Figure 6 In the device for predicting bentonite deformation in a salt solution, the network interface 1004 is mainly used for data communication with a network server; the user interface 1003 is mainly used for data interaction with the user; the processor 1001 and memory 1005 in the device for predicting bentonite deformation in a salt solution can be set in the device. The device for predicting bentonite deformation in a salt solution calls the program for predicting bentonite deformation in a salt solution stored in the memory 1005 through the processor 1001 and executes the method for predicting bentonite deformation in a salt solution provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0148] Example

[0149] The bentonite has a liquid limit of 276%, a plastic limit of 37%, a specific gravity of 2.66, and a cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 77.3 mmol / 100 g. The sample dry density ρ... d 1.7 g / cm 3 Under an external load of 220 kPa, the samples were saturated with deionized water and sodium chloride solutions of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mol / L, and the expansion and deformation during the saturation process were monitored. After the expansion and deformation stabilized, compression tests were conducted by gradually applying external loads.

[0150] The initial point of the distilled water-saturated sample was selected as the first reference point, with a porosity e0 of 1.038 and a volumetric water content of [missing information]. It is 0.509. According to formula c fix =10·CEC·ρ d The calculated fixed charge density is 1009 mol / m³. 3 Through the formula Calculate the osmotic pressure of the south bank, and then obtain the repulsive force of the physicochemical interaction. The value is 2337 kPa.

[0151] Selecting bentonite samples saturated with distilled water under a larger load, and applying the generalized effective stress formula... Calculate the corresponding generalized effective stress value.

[0152] Substituting the calculated void ratio of distilled water-saturated bentonite into the generalized effective stress test points into the unified deformation expression e = N - λlnσ″, we obtain parameters N and λ as 1.787 and -0.288, respectively. Figure 3 As shown.

[0153] Substitute the external load and salt solution concentration of the bentonite swelling and compression deformation test data points to be predicted into the expression. Substituting this into the unified deformation equation e=N-λlnσ″, we obtain the deformed porosity.

[0154] The expansion or compression deformation is obtained as ε = (e' - e) / e by using the porosity ratio e before deformation and the porosity ratio e' after deformation. The predicted and measured values ​​of expansion and compression deformation are compared in... Figure 4 Provided in [the document / reference]. Figure 4 It can be seen that the expansion and compression deformation of bentonite in salt solution can be well predicted by this method.

[0155] In summary, this invention only requires basic physical properties of bentonite, such as specific gravity and cation exchange capacity, and determines parameters N and λ at two experimental points using distilled water-saturated bentonite. This allows for the effective prediction of the expansion and compression deformation of bentonite in salt solutions. Therefore, this invention can save significant testing time and provide accurate predictions of the expansion and compression deformation of bentonite in salt solutions.

[0156] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0157] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method of predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution, characterized by, Includes the following steps: Obtain the external load and pore solution concentration of the bentonite to be predicted; Substituting the external load and pore solution concentration of the bentonite to be predicted into the generalized effective stress expression, the generalized effective stress of the bentonite to be predicted is obtained. The generalized effective stress of the bentonite to be predicted is introduced into the unified deformation equation of bentonite in salt solution to obtain the porosity of the bentonite in the stable state after deformation. The deformation coefficient of the bentonite to be predicted is calculated based on the initial void ratio and the void ratio of the bentonite to be predicted in the stable state after deformation. Based on the deformation coefficient of the bentonite to be predicted, the deformation prediction result of the bentonite to be predicted is predicted. In the step of substituting the generalized effective stress of the bentonite to be predicted into the unified deformation equation of bentonite in salt solution to obtain the porosity of the bentonite in the stable state after deformation, the method for obtaining the unified deformation equation of bentonite in salt solution includes the following steps: Obtain the distilled water-saturated bentonite under the first external load condition as a reference point, where the first external load is... The porosity of the reference point is Volumetric water content Assuming that the physicochemical forces between soil and water in the distilled water-saturated bentonite under the first external load condition are self-equilibrium, i.e., the repulsive and attractive components in the physicochemical interactions are equal, the generalized effective stress at the reference point is obtained as follows: ; Calculate the physicochemical forces at the reference point; Obtain the saturated state swelling clay of distilled water under the second external load condition as the deformed clay sample, wherein the second external load is , the pore water pressure is , the pore ratio is , and the volume water content is ; Calculate the generalized effective stress of the deformed bentonite sample; Based on the physicochemical forces at the reference point and the generalized effective stress of the deformed bentonite sample, a unified deformation equation for bentonite in salt solution is obtained.

2. The method for predicting bentonite deformation in salt solution according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation formula of the physical and chemical acting force is , When the solute salt in the salt solution is a monovalent salt, in the formula, The formula for calculating the osmotic pressure of Dornan is: In the formula, - tonicity pressure of Donnan, n w - volume water content, - the generalized gas constant, 8.314 J / mol / K, - Temperature, K, - salt solution concentration, mol / m 3 , - fixed charge density, mol / m 3 with the expression , - cation exchange capacity, mmol / 100 g, - dry density, g / cm 3 with the expression , -proportion, - porosity.

3. The method for predicting bentonite deformation in salt solution according to claim 2, characterized in that, The formula for calculating generalized effective stress is: In the formula, σ'' - Generalized effective stress, kPa σ - External load, kPa.

4. The method for predicting bentonite deformation in salt solution according to claim 3, characterized in that, The unified deformation equation for bentonite in the salt solution is: In the formula: - the void ratio at a generalized effective stress of 1, - Uniform deformation index Reference point and the deformed bentonite sample Substitute the uniform deformation equation of bentonite in the salt solution to obtain a binary linear equation group, solve the equation to obtain parameters and .

5. The method of predicting the swelling of bentonite in a salt solution according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the deformed bentonite sample is multiple, the number of equations included in the binary linear equation set is more than 2, and multiple parameters can be obtained and numerical solutions of the equations, the step of solving the equations further comprises the following steps: For the numerical solution of the parameters and a least square method is applied to obtain the optimized values of the parameters and .

6. The method of predicting bentonite deformation in a salt solution of claim 1, wherein, In the step of calculating the deformation coefficient of the bentonite to be predicted based on its initial void ratio and the void ratio of the bentonite in its stable state after deformation, the formula for calculating the deformation coefficient of the bentonite to be predicted is as follows: In the formula, ε - the coefficient of deformation of the bentonite, e the pore ratio of the bentonite after swelling, e - the initial pore ratio of the bentonite.

7. The device for predicting the swelling of bentonite in a salt solution according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition unit is used to acquire the external load and pore solution concentration of the bentonite to be predicted; The generalized effective stress calculation unit is used to input the external load and pore solution concentration of the bentonite to be predicted into the generalized effective stress expression to obtain the generalized effective stress of the bentonite to be predicted. The void ratio calculation unit is used to input the generalized effective stress of the bentonite to be predicted into the unified deformation equation of the bentonite in the salt solution to obtain the void ratio of the bentonite to be predicted in the stable state after deformation. The deformation coefficient calculation unit is used to calculate the deformation coefficient of the bentonite to be predicted based on the initial void ratio of the bentonite to be predicted and the void ratio of the bentonite to be predicted in the stable state after deformation. The deformation prediction result unit is used to predict the deformation prediction result of the bentonite to be predicted based on the deformation coefficient of the bentonite to be predicted.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a program for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution. When the program for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution as described in any one of claims 1-6.

9. An electronic device, comprising: The method includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a program for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution, and when the processor executes the program for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution, it implements the steps of the method for predicting the deformation of bentonite in a salt solution as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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