A micro-lubrication intelligent control system and control method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of trace lubrication intelligent control system and control method.The ranging device and vibration sensor of system are installed on machine tool by main shaft sleeve;Ranging device is electrically connected controller and electrostatic trace lubrication device in turn, and vibration sensor is electrically connected filter, controller and electrostatic trace lubrication device in turn.The method comprises the following steps: collecting the vibration signal and relative position data of main shaft and respectively forming vibration signal feature pool and ranging position array;Carry out the relative position correction of main shaft, judge the processing state of machine tool according to the signal array after correction, and control electrostatic trace lubrication device to carry out stepless adjustment of parameter simultaneously, complete trace lubrication intelligent control.The application can realize that trace lubrication device is started and stopped along with the intelligent processing of machine tool and the intelligent regulation and control of parameter, the device has strong universality, is convenient to install, has good stability, can reduce signal acquisition error, improves the accuracy of processing state judgment, and is simple and convenient to operate.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a lubrication intelligent control system, relates to the field of micro-lubrication, and particularly relates to a micro-lubrication intelligent control system and a control method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, due to the increasing influence of traditional pouring lubrication methods on the environment and the health of operators in metal processing, green processing technologies such as dry cutting and micro-lubrication technology have developed rapidly. Micro-lubrication technology refers to spraying oil mist to the processing surface by dispersing a small amount of lubricating oil into oil mist through high-pressure air, which can significantly improve the processing quality of the workpiece surface. Electrostatic micro-lubrication technology can not only reduce the temperature in the cutting area, but also maintain the effective lubricating ability of the oil film, which plays a key role in improving the quality of the workpiece and embodies unique advantages.

[0003] The main parameters of the micro-lubrication device in processing are lubricating liquid flow and air pressure. The main parameters of the electrostatic micro-lubrication device in processing are lubricating liquid flow, air pressure and charging voltage. Under different processing conditions, selecting appropriate parameters can improve the processing quality.

[0004] The intelligent control of the micro-lubrication device refers to controlling the opening and closing of the micro-lubrication device by judging the processing environment of the machine tool, and adjusting the parameters of the electrostatic micro-lubrication device according to different processing states in the opened state. The existing electrostatic micro-lubrication device needs to be manually controlled. However, in the processing process, the electrostatic micro-lubrication device may be turned on too early, which may cause waste of lubricating liquid, or turned on too late, which may cause the workpiece surface quality to decrease due to the delay of lubricating liquid delivery. Frequent opening and closing of the micro-lubrication device by the operator will cause time waste. In addition, it is also inconvenient to manually adjust the parameters of the electrostatic micro-lubrication device according to the processing conditions in the processing process.

[0005] At present, there is an intelligent manufacturing system based on low-temperature micro-lubrication cutting (CN114683091A). The system in the invention can adjust the output parameters of the low-temperature micro-lubrication device in real time according to the detected signals, and accurately cool the cutting area.

[0006] The existing micro-lubrication intelligent control system has the following defects: 1. The detection of signals does not consider the interference of the surrounding environment, and the interference of the surrounding complex environment in actual processing should not be ignored; 2. The controller needs to read the numerical control machine tool signals, which requires connection with the electrical signals of the numerical control machine tool, so the device installation is complex; 3. It is not suitable for different types of numerical control machine tools and ordinary machine tools, and has no ability to learn and record the processing conditions of different machine tools, so the universality is poor.

[0007] It has been shown in previous studies that the vibration signal of the spindle of a machine tool can accurately reflect the machining state of the machine tool. However, there are a large number of random interference signals in the process of collecting the vibration signal of the spindle. In order to reduce the influence of random interference on the signal, it is necessary to use an appropriate method to process the vibration signal. The vibration signal of the machine tool has many characteristics, and the changes of each characteristic under different machining states are different, so processing only a single characteristic will lead to inaccurate judgment of the machining state. SUMMARY

[0008] In order to solve the problems in the background art, the present application provides a micro-lubrication intelligent control system and a control method. Mainly including a vibration signal data processing method for spindle relative distance correction and a corresponding signal acquisition device. The method can control the start and stop of the micro-lubrication device according to the real-time machine tool vibration signal, and adjust the flow and pressure of the lubricating liquid. In order to further improve the accuracy of system control for the machining state on the basis of the vibration signal processing method, the present application adopts the method of spindle relative distance correction. The vibration signal data processing method for spindle relative position correction refers to that after collecting the vibration signal, grouping and extracting the corresponding characteristic value, adding the result of multiplying the correction coefficient and the relative position of the spindle is the final output signal array.

[0009] The technical scheme adopted by the present application is:

[0010] I. A micro-lubrication intelligent control system:

[0011] The system comprises a spindle sleeve, a distance measuring device, a vibration sensor, a filter, a controller and an electrostatic micro-lubrication device. The distance measuring device and the vibration sensor are installed on the machine tool through the spindle sleeve. The distance measuring device is electrically connected to the controller and the electrostatic micro-lubrication device in sequence, and the vibration sensor is electrically connected to the filter, the controller and the electrostatic micro-lubrication device in sequence.

[0012] The distance measuring device comprises a distance measuring sensor and a distance measuring plate. The distance measuring sensor is installed on the spindle of the machine tool through the spindle sleeve. The distance measuring plate is horizontally installed on the machine tool base below the distance measuring sensor through bolts and nuts, and the distance measuring sensor vertically faces the distance measuring plate below. The distance measuring plate is fixed on the machine tool base through the machine tool base, bolts and nuts.

[0013] The spindle sleeve is coaxially installed on the spindle of the machine tool. The relative two sides of the outer side of the spindle sleeve are respectively provided with the distance measuring sensor and the vibration sensor. The side of the spindle sleeve where the distance measuring sensor is installed is provided with a horizontal sliding groove.

[0014] The distance sensor includes a slider base, a slider and a distance sensing unit installed and arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The slider base is supported on the top surface of the slide groove and is pressed against the top surface of the slide groove by a number of adjustment screws. The position of the slider can be adjusted by adjusting the screws. The slider is slidably installed in the slide groove, and the distance sensing unit is installed below the slide groove through the slider. The distance sensing unit is vertically facing the distance measuring plate directly below.

[0015] The spindle sleeve is mounted on the spindle using bolts and nuts. The slider base and slider are fixed together using screws, and the slider and distance sensor unit are also fixed together using screws. The vibration sensor is mounted on the spindle sleeve using screws and its own flange.

[0016] When the machine tool processes workpieces of different sizes, the measuring range of the distance sensor can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the slider to ensure that the distance sensor measures valid data during processing.

[0017] The distance measuring sensor is specifically a laser, infrared or ultrasonic distance measuring sensor, preferably an infrared distance sensor, which is suitable for medium and short distance processing and has high accuracy.

[0018] The vibration sensor is specifically an electrodynamic, capacitive or resistive vibration sensor, preferably an electrodynamic vibration sensor. The filter is specifically a Nyquist tunable filter, and a filter program can also be used to achieve the function of adjusting frequency and bandwidth.

[0019] The controller is specifically a programmable logic controller (PLC), a computer, a digital signal processor (DSP) or a single chip microcomputer, and preferably a controller developed using a digital signal processor.

[0020] 2. A control method for a minimal lubrication intelligent control system, comprising:

[0021] 1) The vibration signal of the main shaft is collected in the time domain by the vibration sensor and then filtered by the filter and transmitted to the controller. The controller divides the vibration signal of each α sampling point into a group of vibration signal groups, and extracts the vibration features of each vibration signal group. The vibration features of each vibration signal group are combined into a vibration signal feature pool P, where P = {M1, M2, ..., M i ,…,M n}, where M1, M2, …, M i ,…,M n Respectively represent the signal characteristics of the 1st, 2nd, ..., i, ...nth vibration signal groups.

[0022] 2) The relative position data of the main shaft is collected in the time domain by the ranging sensor. Each group of vibration signal groups collects a relative position data. Each relative position data is transmitted to the controller to form a ranging position array Q, Q = {S1, S2, ..., S i ,…,S n}, where S1, S2, …, S i ,…,S n Represent the 1st, 2nd, ..., i, ...nth relative position data respectively.

[0023] 3) The controller corrects the relative position of the spindle according to the vibration signal feature pool P and the ranging position array Q, and obtains the corrected signal array Y, Y = {y1, y2, ..., y i ,…,y n}where y1,y2,…,y i ,…,y n They represent the 1st, 2nd, ..., i, ...n correction signals respectively; then, according to the corrected signal array Y, it is determined whether the machine tool is in the processing state. If the machine tool is in the non-processing state, the electrostatic minimum lubrication device is turned off through the controller. If the machine tool is in the processing state, the electrostatic minimum lubrication device is turned on through the controller, and the parameters of the electrostatic minimum lubrication device are steplessly adjusted to complete the intelligent control of minimum lubrication.

[0024] In the step 1), the vibration characteristic is specifically a vibration signal peak value, an impact factor, a waveform factor or a peak factor.

[0025] Peak: X p =max{|x i |}, Impact Factor: Form Factor: Crest Factor: Among them, x i is the sampling value, X max is the maximum value, is the average value, X rms is a valid value.

[0026] The impact factor I in the vibration signal is preferably used as the input feature.

[0027] In step 3), the relative position of the spindle is corrected according to the vibration signal feature pool P and the ranging position array Q, as follows:

[0028]

[0029] in, is the correction factor.

[0030] In the step 3), it is determined whether the machine tool is in the processing state according to the corrected signal array Y. Specifically, when the signal array Y is in the unprocessed area A, that is, y i <a, a is the first critical value, then the machine tool is judged to be in the non-processing state; when the signal array Y is in the processing domain B, that is, a≤y i≤b, b is a second critical value, then it is determined that the machine tool is in a machining state, and then the parameters of the electrostatic microlubrication device are steplessly adjusted, specifically, the lubricating liquid flow, the air pressure value and the charged voltage of the electrostatic microlubrication device are steplessly adjusted.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0032] The present application improves the microlubrication device and the electrostatic microlubrication device, and can realize intelligent start and stop of the microlubrication device along with machining of the machine tool. During machining, intelligent regulation and control of the parameters of the microlubrication device and the electrostatic microlubrication device can be realized. There is no electrical signal connection between the controller and the machine tool, so the present application can be used in numerical control machine tools and ordinary machine tools, has strong universality, and is convenient to install. The signal acquisition device designed in the present application has good stability, and can reduce errors caused by signal acquisition. On the basis of the vibration signal processing method, the vibration signal data processing method of the relative distance correction of the main shaft is used, and the accuracy of the machining state judgment is improved. The present application can be applied to ordinary microlubrication devices and electrostatic microlubrication devices. The present application sets a learning mode, and can save data separately after trial machining on a new machine tool. When used in different machine tools, only the corresponding machine tool data needs to be called out, and the operation is simple and convenient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a microlubrication intelligent control system;

[0034] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a main shaft sleeve structure;

[0035] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a distance measuring sensor structure;

[0036] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a distance measuring plate structure;

[0037] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a vibration sensor structure;

[0038] Figure 6 is a principle diagram of a main shaft relative position correction vibration signal method;

[0039] Figure 7 is a microlubrication device control flow chart;

[0040] Figure 8 is an output array Y distribution curve;

[0041] In the figure: main shaft sleeve 11, distance measuring sensor 12, distance measuring plate 13, vibration sensor 14, main shaft 15, machine tool base 16, filter 17, controller 18, electrostatic microlubrication device 19, bolt 111, nut 112, screw 121, adjusting screw 122, slider base 123, slider 124, distance measuring sensor unit 125, screw 126, bolt 131, nut 132, screw 141. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0043] As Figure 1 shown, the microlubrication intelligent control system of the application includes a main shaft sleeve 11, a distance measuring device, a vibration sensor 14, a filter 17, a controller 18 and an electrostatic microlubrication device 19. The distance measuring device and the vibration sensor 14 are installed on the machine tool through the main shaft sleeve 11. The distance measuring device is electrically connected to the controller 18 and the electrostatic microlubrication device 19 in sequence, and the vibration sensor 14 is electrically connected to the filter 17, the controller 18 and the electrostatic microlubrication device 19 in sequence.

[0044] The vibration sensor 14 is specifically an electric, capacitive or resistive vibration sensor, preferably an electric vibration sensor. The filter 17 is specifically a Nyquist adjustable filter, and a filtering program can also be used to realize the functions of adjusting frequency and bandwidth. The controller 18 is specifically a programmable logic controller PLC, a computer, a digital signal processor or a single-chip microcomputer, and a controller developed by a digital signal processor is preferably used.

[0045] The distance measuring device includes a distance measuring sensor 12 and a distance measuring plate 13. The distance measuring sensor 12 is installed on the main shaft 15 of the machine tool through the main shaft sleeve 11, and the distance measuring plate 13 is horizontally installed on the machine tool base 16 of the machine tool through the bolt 131 and the nut 132 and located directly below the distance measuring sensor 12, as Figure 4 shown, the distance measuring sensor 12 vertically faces the distance measuring plate 13 directly below. The distance measuring plate 13 is fixed on the machine tool base 16 through the machine tool base 16, the bolt 131 and the nut 132. The distance measuring sensor 12 is specifically a laser, infrared or ultrasonic distance measuring sensor, preferably an infrared distance measuring sensor, which is suitable for medium and short processing and has high precision.

[0046] The main shaft sleeve 11 is coaxially sleeved on the main shaft 15 of the machine tool. The opposite sides of the outer side surface of the main shaft sleeve 11 are respectively provided with the distance measuring sensor 12 and the vibration sensor 14. The side of the main shaft sleeve 11 where the distance measuring sensor 12 is installed is provided with a horizontal sliding groove, as Figure 2 (a) and Figure 2 (b) of the figure.

[0047] As Figure 3As shown, the distance measuring sensor 12 comprises a slider base 123, a slider 124 and a distance measuring sensor unit 125 arranged in sequence from top to bottom, the slider base 123 is supported on the top surface of the sliding groove and is pressed against the top surface of the sliding groove by a plurality of adjusting screws 122, the position of the slider 124 can be adjusted by the adjusting screws 122; the slider 124 is slidingly installed in the sliding groove, the distance measuring sensor unit 125 is installed below the sliding groove through the slider 124, and the distance measuring sensor unit 125 vertically faces the distance measuring plate 13 directly below.

[0048] The main shaft sleeve 11 is sleeved on the main shaft through the bolt 111 and the nut 112. The slider base 123 and the slider 124 are fixed through the screw 121, and the slider 124 and the distance measuring sensor unit 125 are fixed through the screw 126. The vibration sensor 14 is installed on the main shaft sleeve 11 through the screw 141 and the flange of the vibration sensor 14, as shown in Figure 5 .

[0049] When the machine tool processes workpieces of different sizes, the measurement range of the distance measuring sensor 12 can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the slider 124, so as to ensure that the distance measuring sensor 12 measures effective data in processing.

[0050] As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 , the control method of the micro-lubrication intelligent control system of the application comprises:

[0051] 1) The vibration signal of the main shaft 15 is collected by the vibration sensor 14 in time domain and transmitted to the filter 17 after filtering, and then transmitted to the controller 18, the vibration signal of every α sampling point is divided into a group of vibration signal groups by the controller 18, the vibration characteristics of each group of vibration signal groups are extracted, the vibration characteristics of each group of vibration signal groups are combined to form a vibration signal characteristic pool P, P={M1, M2, …, Mi, …, Mn}, wherein M1, M2, …, Mi, …, Mn respectively represent the signal characteristics of the 1st, 2nd, …, i, … n group of vibration signal groups; α can be 10000. i ,…,M n} specifically. i ,…,M n} respectively represent the signal characteristics of the 1st, 2nd, …, i, … n group of vibration signal groups; α can be 10000.

[0052] In the step 1), the vibration characteristics are specifically the peak value of the vibration signal, the impact factor, the waveform factor or the peak factor.

[0053] The peak value is X p = max{|x i |}, the impact factor is: The waveform factor is: The peak factor is: Wherein, x i is a sampling value, X max is a maximum value, is an average value, X rmsis a valid value.

[0054] The impact factor I in the vibration signal is preferably used as the input feature.

[0055] 2) The relative position data of the main shaft 15 is collected in the time domain by the ranging sensor 12. Each group of vibration signals corresponds to a relative position data. Each relative position data is transmitted to the controller 18 to form a ranging position array Q, Q = {S1, S2, ..., S i ,…,S n}, where S1, S2, …, S i ,…,S n Represent the 1st, 2nd, ..., i, ...nth relative position data respectively.

[0056] 3) The controller 18 corrects the relative position of the spindle 15 according to the vibration signal feature pool P and the ranging position array Q, and obtains the corrected signal array Y, Y = {y1, y2, ..., y i ,…,y n}where y1,y2,…,y i ,…,y n They represent the 1st, 2nd, ..., i, ...n correction signals respectively; then, based on the corrected signal array Y, it is determined whether the machine tool is in the processing state. If the machine tool is in the non-processing state, the electrostatic minimal lubrication device 19 is turned off through the controller 18. If the machine tool is in the processing state, the electrostatic minimal lubrication device 19 is turned on through the controller 18, and the parameters of the electrostatic minimal lubrication device 19 are steplessly adjusted to complete the intelligent control of minimal lubrication.

[0057] In step 3), the relative position of the spindle 15 is corrected according to the vibration signal feature pool P and the ranging position array Q, as follows:

[0058]

[0059] in, is the correction factor.

[0060] In step 3), it is determined whether the machine tool is in the processing state according to the corrected signal array Y. Specifically, when the signal array Y is in the unprocessed area A, that is, y i <a, a is the first critical value, then the machine tool is judged to be in the non-processing state; when the signal array Y is in the processing domain B, that is, a≤y i ≤b, b is the second critical value, it is determined that the machine tool is in the processing state, and then the parameters of the electrostatic minimal lubrication device 19 are steplessly adjusted, specifically, the lubricating fluid flow, air pressure value and charging voltage of the electrostatic minimal lubrication device 19 are steplessly adjusted.

[0061] During the tool setting process, the relative distance between the spindle 15 and the controller 18 is calibrated when the tool is just in contact with the workpiece (i.e. the tool is just in contact with the upper surface of the workpiece). During the operation of the machine tool, when the tool is above the upper surface of the workpiece (i.e. the relative distance between the spindle 15 and the controller 18 is less than the calibrated value), the vibration signal is negatively corrected; when the tool is below the upper surface of the workpiece (i.e. the relative distance between the spindle 15 and the controller 18 is greater than the calibrated value), the vibration signal is positively corrected. (For example, when the tool is above the workpiece and the machining has not started, an external vibration interference occurs. When the vibration signal is not corrected, the system may determine that the machine tool is in the machining state and turn on the electrostatic microlubrication device 19; when the vibration signal is corrected, the system determines that the machine tool is still in the non-machining state).

[0062] The specific embodiments of the present application are as follows:

[0063] Embodiment 1:

[0064] Intelligent control of the electrostatic microlubrication device 19: after the device is turned on, signal acquisition is performed, and the vibration signal is band-pass filtered at 20 kHz-5 kHz using the band-pass filter 17. The sampling frequency of the vibration signal is 12 kHz. The sampling frequency of the spindle 15 distance signal is 480 Hz.

[0065] Select the learning mode, and perform a trial machining on the workpiece at the minimum cutting speed, spindle speed, and cutting depth. The minimum value a of the one-dimensional signal processed by the controller 18 is manually recorded. Perform a trial machining on the workpiece at the maximum cutting speed, spindle speed, and cutting depth. The maximum value b of the one-dimensional signal processed by the controller 18 is manually recorded.

[0066] Then the working mode can be selected. In the working mode, when the processed one-dimensional signal is in domain A, i.e. (y i <a), it is determined that the machine tool is in the non-machining state, and the controller 18 controls the electrostatic microlubrication device 19 to be turned off; when the processed one-dimensional signal is in domain B, i.e. (a≤y i ≤b), it is determined that the machine tool is in the machining state, and the controller 18 controls the electrostatic microlubrication device 19 to be turned on and steplessly adjusts the parameters of the electrostatic microlubrication device 19. The formula for stepless adjustment of the parameters is as follows:

[0067]

[0068] wherein Q i is the current lubricating liquid flow, Q max is the maximum lubricating liquid flow, and Q minis the minimum lubricating fluid flow rate; P i is the current air pressure value, P max is the maximum air pressure value, P min is the minimum air pressure value.

[0069] Among them, Q max , Q min 、P max 、P min It is the basic parameter of the minimal lubrication device. max =80ml / h, Q min =20ml / h, P max =0.4MPa, P min =0.2MPa.

[0070] After the machine tool begins processing, the controller 18 receives and processes the signal, transmits the control command to the electrostatic minimum lubrication device 19, and the electrostatic minimum lubrication device 19 starts operating and adjusts the device parameters of the electrostatic minimum lubrication device 19. When the machine tool finishes processing, the electrostatic minimum lubrication device 19 is turned off.

[0071] like Figure 8 The figure shows the distribution curve of the output array Y, derived from the processing by controller 18 over a period of time in an experiment with the intelligent control system of an electrostatic minimal lubrication device 19. The vertical axis θ represents the distribution quantity. In this experiment, the data measured while machining 304 stainless steel on a VDF-850 CNC milling machine were: a = 0.6194, b = 1.2775.

[0072] Example 2:

[0073] Intelligent control of the electrostatic minimal lubrication device: After the device is turned on, signal acquisition is performed. The vibration signal is filtered with a bandpass filter 17 at a frequency of 20kHz to 5kHz. The sampling frequency of the vibration signal is 12kHz. The sampling frequency of the distance measurement signal of the main shaft 15 is 480Hz.

[0074] Select the learning mode, perform a trial processing on the workpiece at the minimum cutting speed, spindle speed, and cutting depth, and manually record the minimum value a of the one-dimensional signal processed by the controller 18 at this time; perform a trial processing on the workpiece at the maximum cutting speed, spindle speed, and cutting depth, and manually record the maximum value b of the one-dimensional signal processed by the controller 18 at this time.

[0075] Then you can choose the working mode, in which when the processed one-dimensional signal is in domain A, that is, (y i <a), the machine tool is judged to be in the unprocessed state, and the controller 18 controls the electrostatic minimal lubrication device 19 to be closed; when the processed one-dimensional signal is in domain B, that is, (B(a≤y i If a < y < b, it is determined that the machine tool is in the processing state, at which time the controller 18 controls the electrostatic microlubrication device 19 to open and steplessly adjusts the parameters of the electrostatic microlubrication device 19.

[0076]

[0077] wherein V i is the current charging voltage, V max is the maximum charging voltage, and V min is the minimum charging voltage.

[0078] wherein Q max , Q min , P max , P min , V max , and V min are basic parameters of the electrostatic microlubrication device 19. Q max = 80 ml / h, Q min = 20 ml / h, P max = 0.4 MPa, P min = 0.2 MPa, V max = 10 kV, and V min = 2 kV.

[0079] After the machine tool starts processing, the controller 18 receives and processes the signals, transmits control commands to the electrostatic microlubrication device 19, the electrostatic microlubrication device 19 starts working, and adjusts the device parameters of the electrostatic microlubrication device 19. When the machine tool ends processing, the electrostatic microlubrication device 19 is closed.

Claims

1. A control method of a micro-lubrication intelligent control system, the micro-lubrication intelligent control system comprising a main shaft sleeve (11), a distance measuring device, a vibration sensor (14), a filter (17), a controller (18) and an electrostatic micro-lubrication device (19), the distance measuring device and the vibration sensor (14) being installed on a machine tool through the main shaft sleeve (11); the distance measuring device being electrically connected to the controller (18) and the electrostatic micro-lubrication device (19) in sequence, and the vibration sensor (14) being electrically connected to the filter (17), the controller (18) and the electrostatic micro-lubrication device (19) in sequence, characterized in that, The application relates to a vibration signal feature pool P and a ranging position array Q. 1) The vibration signal of the main shaft (15) is collected in the time domain by the vibration sensor (14) and then filtered by the filter (17) and transmitted to the controller (18). The controller (18) divides the vibration signal of each α sampling point into a group of vibration signal groups, and extracts the vibration characteristics of each vibration signal group. The vibration characteristics of each vibration signal group are combined into a vibration signal feature pool P, P={ 1, 2,…, ,…, n },in, 1, 2,…, ,…, n Respectively represent the signal characteristics of the 1st, 2nd, ..., i, ...nth vibration signal groups; 2) Collecting relative position data of the main shaft (15) by the ranging sensor (12) in time domain, collecting one relative position data for each group of vibration signal group, transmitting each relative position data to the controller (18) to form a ranging position array Q, Q={ 1, 2,…, i ,…, n} wherein, 1, 2,…, i ,…, n respectively represent the 1st, 2nd, …, i, …, n relative position data; 3) Controller (18) according to the vibration signal feature pool P and ranging position array Q, the relative position correction of main shaft (15) is obtained, and the corrected signal array Y is obtained, Y={ 1, 2,…, i ,…, n}Wherein, 1, 2,…, i ,…, n Respectively, the first, second, i, …, n correction signal; then according to the corrected signal array Y to determine whether the machine tool is in the processing state, if the machine tool is in the non processing state, the electrostatic microlubrication device (19) is closed through the controller (18), if the machine tool is in the processing state, the electrostatic microlubrication device (19) is opened through the controller (18), and the parameters of the electrostatic microlubrication device (19) are steplessly adjusted, and the intelligent control of microlubrication is completed; In the step 1), the vibration feature is an impact factor. In the step 3), the relative position of the main shaft (15) is corrected according to the vibration signal feature pool P and the ranging position array Q, and the correction is specifically as follows: wherein is a correction factor; In step 3), whether the machine tool is in the processing state is judged according to the modified signal array Y, specifically, when the signal array Y is in the non-processing domain A, i.e. Y i ⊆ A, a < y < b, a is the first critical value, it is determined that the machine tool is in the non-processing state; when the signal array Y is in the processing domain B, i.e. Y i ⊆ B, a ≤ y ≤ b, b is the second critical value, it is determined that the machine tool is in the processing state, and then the parameters of the electrostatic microlubrication device (19) are steplessly adjusted, specifically, the lubricating liquid flow, the air pressure value and the charging voltage of the electrostatic microlubrication device (19) are steplessly adjusted. The first critical value a is the minimum value of the one-dimensional signal after the controller processing under the condition that the workpiece is processed at the minimum cutting speed, the main shaft rotating speed and the cutting depth; and the second critical value b is the maximum value of the one-dimensional signal after the controller processing under the condition that the workpiece is processed at the maximum cutting speed, the main shaft rotating speed and the cutting depth.

2. The control method of the microlubrication intelligent control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ranging device comprises a ranging sensor (12) and a ranging plate (13), the ranging sensor (12) is installed on the main shaft (15) of the machine tool through a main shaft sleeve (11), the ranging plate (13) is horizontally installed on the machine tool base (16) of the machine tool and located directly below the ranging sensor (12), and the ranging sensor (12) vertically faces the ranging plate (13) directly below.

3. The control method of the microlubrication intelligent control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main shaft sleeve (11) is coaxially sleeved on the main shaft (15) of the machine tool, the ranging sensor (12) and the vibration sensor (14) are respectively installed on the opposite sides of the outer side surface of the main shaft sleeve (11), and the side, where the ranging sensor (12) is installed, of the main shaft sleeve (11) is provided with a horizontal sliding groove; The ranging sensor (12) comprises a slider base (123), a slider (124) and a ranging sensing unit (125) which are sequentially installed and arranged from top to bottom, the slider base (123) is supported on the top surface of the sliding groove and abuts against the top surface of the sliding groove through a plurality of adjusting screws (122), the slider (124) is slidingly installed in the sliding groove, and the ranging sensing unit (125) is installed below the sliding groove through the slider (124) and vertically faces the ranging plate (13) directly below.

4. The control method of the microlubrication intelligent control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ranging sensor (12) is specifically a laser ranging sensor, an infrared ranging sensor or an ultrasonic ranging sensor.

5. The control method of the microlubrication intelligent control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration sensor (14) is specifically an electric vibration sensor, a capacitive vibration sensor or a resistance vibration sensor.

6. The control method of the microlubrication intelligent control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controller (18) is specifically a programmable logic controller (PLC), a computer, a digital signal processor or a single-chip microcomputer.

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