Ecological dam for improving water quality of black and odorous water body

Abstract

The application provides a black and odorous water quality improving ecological dam, which comprises a solar circulation system and an ecological dam system. The solar circulation system comprises a solar panel, an internal circulation pump and a pressure pipe. The ecological dam system comprises an external frame, internal fillers and a plant system. The external frame comprises a water-impermeable wall and a ladder-shaped water-permeable frame arranged on the side of the water-impermeable wall, and the water-impermeable wall is used for separating a water pond into two parts. The internal fillers comprise modified coconut shell charcoal fillers, modified ceramsite fillers and volcanic rock fillers. The plant system is planted on the upper surface of the water-permeable frame and is connected to the internal fillers. In the application, the water-impermeable wall is arranged to separate the water pond into two parts, the black and odorous water is introduced into the internal fillers by using natural waterfalls, and the black and odorous water is purified by using the internal fillers. By modifying the coconut shell charcoal and the ceramsite, the microorganisms are more conducive to adhering to form different microbial membranes, thereby promoting the microorganisms to decompose and purify the organic pollutants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological restoration technology, and in particular to an ecological dam for improving the water quality of black and odorous water bodies. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of the rural economy, a large amount of pollution from domestic sewage, livestock and poultry farming, and agricultural planting is being discharged into rural ponds in an excessive manner. This leads to a significant increase in organic pollutants and nutrients in the ponds, weakening their self-purification capacity. Aerobic microorganisms continuously decompose organic matter, rapidly consuming dissolved oxygen and causing oxygen deficiency in the water. This further slows down and incompletely degrades organic pollutants, allowing anaerobic microorganisms to dominate. During the decomposition of organic pollutants by anaerobic microorganisms, substances that cause blackening and odor are produced. The main blackening substances are manganese sulfide (MnS) and FeS (ferrous sulfide), while the odor-causing substances are H2S (hydrogen sulfide) and NH3 (ammonia), ultimately resulting in black and smelly ponds. Black and smelly water bodies in rural areas not only damage the rural ecological environment but also significantly impact residents' daily lives and health. Furthermore, a major reason for the black and smelly conditions in rural ponds is the weak water flow and poor circulation. Water bodies absorb oxygen during circulation, increasing dissolved oxygen levels through sufficient contact with the water. Conversely, slow water flow reduces oxygen concentration, resulting in less dissolved oxygen and weakened reoxygenation capacity. Therefore, improving water circulation is a crucial measure for addressing oxygen deficiency and purifying polluted water bodies. However, current oxygenation technologies suffer from limited methods, slow reoxygenation efficiency, and an inability to rapidly and effectively increase dissolved oxygen levels. Furthermore, poor circulation hinders proper mixing between water layers and maintains an aerobic environment. Low microbial diversity and biomass also impede the effective degradation of organic pollutants. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention proposes an ecological dam for improving the water quality of black and odorous water bodies, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems. The ecological dam of the present invention is mainly applied to the purification of black and odorous ponds in rural areas.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: an ecological dam for improving water quality in black and odorous water bodies, comprising a solar energy circulation system and an ecological dam system. The solar energy circulation system includes solar panels, an internal circulation pump, and a pressure pipe. The ecological dam system includes an external frame, internal filler material, and a plant system. The solar panels are electrically connected to the internal circulation pump, and the pressure pipe is connected to the internal circulation pump. The external frame includes an impermeable wall and a stepped permeable frame disposed on the side of the impermeable wall. The permeable frame includes at least three steps. The upper part of the permeable frame steps are higher than the top of the impermeable wall. The impermeable wall divides the pond into area A and area B. One end of the pressure pipe is located in area A, and the other end is located in area B. The internal filler material includes modified coconut shell charcoal filler, modified ceramsite filler, and volcanic rock filler. The modified coconut shell charcoal filler, modified ceramsite filler, and volcanic rock filler are arranged in layers within the permeable frame according to the stepped structure of the permeable frame. The plant system is planted on the upper surface of the permeable frame and connected to the internal filler material.

[0005] Furthermore, the height ratio of the permeable frame to the impermeable wall is 0.25 to 0.80.

[0006] Furthermore, modified coconut shell carbon filler is placed in the upper layer, modified ceramsite filler is placed in the middle layer, and volcanic rock filler is placed in the bottom layer.

[0007] Furthermore, the particle size of modified coconut shell carbon filler is < that of modified ceramsite filler < that of volcanic rock filler.

[0008] Furthermore, ecological dams can be set up in single-sided, double-sided, four-sided, or L-shaped forms.

[0009] Furthermore, the plant system consists of aquatic plants, specifically a combination of any of the following: reeds, cattails, lotus, water onions, calamus, and golden creeping jenny.

[0010] Furthermore, the permeable frame is also equipped with a permeable mesh on its side, and the mesh diameter of the permeable mesh is smaller than the particle size of the internal filler.

[0011] Furthermore, the modified coconut shell carbon filler is prepared by the following method: dried coconut shells are crushed and passed through a 20-26 mesh sieve. The coconut shell powder is then extruded into spherical materials with a diameter of 1.0-1.5 cm using a molding device. The spherical materials are placed in a sintering furnace and a mixture of steam and oxygen at 800-1000℃ is introduced. The reaction is carried out for 1.0-2.0 hours, wherein the volume ratio of steam to oxygen in the mixed gas is (1.5-2.0):(1.0-1.2). Carbonization and pore formation are then performed to obtain a multi-layered carbon filler. Porous coconut shell carbon is prepared by adding porous coconut shell carbon to a 10.0-15.0 wt% polyvinylpyrrolidone solution and placing it in a reaction apparatus. The reaction is carried out at 50-70℃ for 80-100 min, with a mass-to-volume ratio of coconut shell carbon to polyvinylpyrrolidone solution of (1.0-1.5):(1.0-2.0). The remaining solution is filtered out, and the filtered porous coconut shell carbon is placed in an oven and dried at 50.0-65.0℃ for 4.0-5.0 hours to obtain modified coconut shell carbon filler.

[0012] Furthermore, the modified ceramsite filler is prepared by the following method: Take clay (40.0-45.0%), shell powder (15.0-20.0%), carnallite powder (10.0-15.0%), and sand in a mass ratio of (20.0-25.0%), add 60.0-75.0% water and stir to form a clay-like mixture. Extrude the mixture into spherical materials with a diameter of 2.0-3.0 cm through a molding device, and place them in an oven to dry at 60-80℃ for 15.0-20.0 h. Place the dried ceramsite in a sintering furnace and sinter at 700-900℃ for 10.0-15.0 min to obtain the modified ceramsite filler.

[0013] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: In this invention, an impermeable wall divides the pond into area A and area B. Natural cascading water is used to introduce polluted water from area B into the internal filler material of area A, where the filler material purifies the polluted water. Simultaneously, the natural cascading process increases dissolved oxygen in the polluted water. Emergent and submerged plants can also be planted in area B to improve the treatment effect. The height ratio of the permeable frame to the impermeable wall in this invention is 0.25–0.80, which can meet the treatment needs of ponds of different sizes and water levels. The permeable frame of this invention is stepped, which facilitates layered filling of different fillers. Following the stepped structure, modified coconut shell charcoal filler is filled in the upper layer, modified ceramsite filler in the middle layer, and volcanic rock filler in the bottom layer. Filling the bottom layer of the permeable frame with the heavy volcanic rock filler helps maintain the stability of the ecological dam. At the same time, the particle size of the modified coconut shell charcoal filler < the particle size of the modified ceramsite filler < the particle size of the volcanic rock filler helps fill the gaps in the lower layer of filler material, making the internal filler material more full. This invention modifies coconut shell charcoal filler to increase the formation of micropores, enlarging the inner surface area and providing more attachment sites for aerobic microorganisms. This promotes the growth and reproduction of aerobic microorganisms, forming a biofilm that decomposes organic pollutants and purifies black and odorous water. The invention uses sand as a raw material to obtain modified ceramsite with a rough surface, which is more conducive to the attachment of anaerobic microorganisms and the formation of a biofilm. Simultaneously, this invention uses shell powder and carnallite powder as raw materials to prepare modified ceramsite, providing calcium and magnesium ions for the microorganisms adsorbed on the modified ceramsite. This activates the biological enzymes within the anaerobic microorganisms, participating in biochemical reactions and promoting the decomposition of organic pollutants. The ecological dam can be configured as single-sided, double-sided, four-sided, or L-shaped to meet the needs of black and odorous water bodies with different levels of pollution. This invention uses an internal circulation pump to pump water from the bottom of area A to the upper layer of area B through a pressure pipe, enabling flow between the upper and lower water layers. Furthermore, the ecological dam is distributed in a stepped manner from top to bottom, allowing water entering the dam to flow from higher to lower steps, increasing water flow. The drop in water level allows for greater contact between the water and air, increasing dissolved oxygen in the water. At the same time, oxygen is produced by planting aquatic plants, which dissolve in the water through the roots and stems of these plants, further increasing dissolved oxygen levels in the water. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a top view of a schematic diagram of the single-sided arrangement of the ecological dam of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the AA cross-section of the ecological dam arranged on one side of the present invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Power supply and internal circulation pump; 2. Pressure pipe; 3. Plant system; 4. Area A; 5. Area B; 6. Permeable frame; 7. Impermeable wall; 8. Volcanic rock filler; 9. Modified ceramsite filler; 10. Modified coconut shell charcoal filler; 11. Permeable net. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To better understand the technical content of this invention, specific embodiments are provided below to further illustrate the invention.

[0018] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the embodiments of this invention are all conventional methods.

[0019] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents used in the embodiments of this invention are commercially available.

[0020] Example 1

[0021] An ecological dam for improving water quality in polluted water bodies includes a solar-powered circulation system and an ecological dam system. The solar-powered circulation system includes a solar power source 1, an internal circulation pump 1, and a pressure pipe 2. The ecological dam system includes an external frame, internal filler material, and a plant system. The solar power source 1 is electrically connected to the internal circulation pump 1, and the pressure pipe 2 is connected to the internal circulation pump 1. The external frame includes an impermeable wall 7 and a stepped permeable frame 6 located on the side of the impermeable wall. The height ratio of the permeable frame 6 to the impermeable wall 7 is 0.25. The permeable frame 6 includes four steps, with the upper steps of the permeable frame 6 exceeding the top of the impermeable wall 7. The impermeable wall 7 divides the pond into area A 4 and area B 5. One end of the pressure pipe 2 is located in area A 4, and the other end is located in area B 5. The internal filler material includes an upper layer of modified coconut shell charcoal filler 10, modified ceramsite filler 9, and volcanic rock filler 8. Modified coconut shell charcoal filler 10, modified ceramsite filler 9, and volcanic rock filler 8 are arranged in layers within the permeable frame 6 according to a stepped structure. Modified coconut shell charcoal filler 10 is placed in the upper layer, modified ceramsite filler 9 in the middle layer, and volcanic rock filler 8 in the bottom layer. The particle size of modified coconut shell charcoal filler 10 is smaller than that of modified ceramsite filler 9, which is smaller than that of volcanic rock filler 8. A permeable mesh 11 is also provided on the side of the permeable frame 6, with the mesh diameter smaller than the particle size of the internal fillers. A plant system 3 is planted on the upper surface of the permeable frame 6 and connected to the internal fillers. The plant system 3 consists of cattails, lotus, and water onions. The ecological dam is set on one side.

[0022] Example 2

[0023] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the height ratio of the permeable frame 6 to the impermeable wall 7 is 0.40, the plant system 3 consists of reeds, cattails, and golden creeping jenny, and the ecological dam is set on both sides.

[0024] The modified coconut shell carbon filler 10 and modified ceramsite filler 9 in Examples 1 and 2 were prepared by the following methods:

[0025] Modified coconut shell carbon filler 10 is prepared by the following method: Dried coconut shells are crushed and passed through a 20-mesh sieve. The coconut shell powder is extruded into spherical materials with a diameter of 1.0 mm using a molding device. The spherical materials are placed in a sintering furnace and a mixture of steam and oxygen at 800°C is introduced, and the reaction is carried out for 1.0 h. The volume ratio of steam to oxygen in the mixed gas is 1.5:1.0, for carbonization and pore formation, resulting in porous coconut shell carbon. The porous coconut shell carbon is added to a 10.0 wt% polyvinylpyrrolidone solution and placed in a reaction apparatus, reacting at 50°C for 80 min. The mass-volume ratio of coconut shell carbon to polyvinylpyrrolidone solution is 1.0:1.0. The remaining solution is filtered out, and the filtered porous coconut shell carbon is placed in an oven and dried at 50.0°C for 4.0 h to obtain the modified coconut shell carbon filler.

[0026] Modified ceramsite filler 9 is prepared by the following method: Take 40.0% clay, 20.0% shell powder, 15.0% carnallite powder and 10.0% sand by mass ratio and mix them evenly. Add 60.0% water and stir to form a clay-like mixture. Extrude the mixture into spherical materials with a diameter of 2.0 cm through a molding device and place them in an oven to dry at 60℃ for 15.0 h. Place the dried ceramsite in a sintering furnace and sinter at 700℃ for 10.0 min to obtain modified ceramsite filler.

[0027] Example 3

[0028] The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that the height ratio of the permeable frame 6 to the impermeable wall 7 is 0.53, the plant system 3 consists of lotus, water onion, calamus, and golden creeping jenny, and the ecological dam is set up around the perimeter.

[0029] Modified coconut shell carbon filler 10 and modified ceramsite filler 9 were prepared by the following methods:

[0030] Modified coconut shell carbon filler 10 is prepared by the following method: Dried coconut shells are crushed and passed through a 23-mesh sieve. The coconut shell powder is extruded into spherical materials with a diameter of 1.0-1.5 cm using a molding device. The spherical materials are placed in a sintering furnace and a mixture of steam and oxygen at 900℃ is introduced, and the reaction is carried out for 1.5 hours. The volume ratio of steam to oxygen in the mixed gas is 1.8:1.1, for carbonization and pore formation, resulting in porous coconut shell carbon. The porous coconut shell carbon is added to a 12.5 wt% polyvinylpyrrolidone solution and placed in a reaction apparatus, reacting at 60℃ for 80-100 minutes. The mass-volume ratio of coconut shell carbon to polyvinylpyrrolidone solution is 1.3:1.5. The remaining solution is filtered out, and the filtered porous coconut shell carbon is placed in an oven and dried at 57.5℃ for 4.5 hours to obtain modified coconut shell carbon filler 10.

[0031] Next, the modified ceramsite filler 9 was prepared by the following method: 42.5% clay, 22.5% shell powder, 17.5% carnallite powder, and 12.5% ​​sand were mixed evenly, and 67.5% water was added and stirred into a clay-like mixture. The mixture was then extruded into spherical materials with a diameter of 2.5 cm through a molding device and placed in an oven to dry at 70°C for 17.5 h. The dried ceramsite was then placed in a sintering furnace and sintered at 800°C for 12.5 min to obtain the modified ceramsite filler 9.

[0032] Example 4

[0033] The difference between Example 4 and Example 1 is that the height ratio of the permeable frame 6 to the impermeable wall 7 is 0.60, the plant system 3 consists of reeds, water onions, cattails, and golden creeping jenny, and the ecological dam is set on both sides.

[0034] Example 5

[0035] The difference between Example 5 and Example 1 is that the height ratio of the permeable frame 6 to the impermeable wall 7 is 0.80, the plant system 3 consists of cattail, lotus, water onion, and golden creeping jenny, and the ecological dam is set in an L-shape.

[0036] Example 6

[0037] The difference between Example 6 and Example 1 is that submerged plants and emergent plants are planted in both the high water level area and the low water level area outside the ecological dam. The main emergent plant species is cattail, and the main submerged plant species is dwarf Vallisneria natans.

[0038] The modified coconut shell carbon filler 10 and modified ceramsite filler 9 in Examples 4, 5, and 6 were prepared by the following methods:

[0039] Next, the modified coconut shell carbon filler 10 was prepared by the following method: Dried coconut shells were crushed and passed through a 26-mesh sieve. The coconut shell powder was extruded into spherical materials with a diameter of 1.5 cm using a molding device. The spherical materials were placed in a sintering furnace and a mixture of steam and oxygen at 1000℃ was introduced, and the reaction was carried out for 2.0 h. The volume ratio of steam to oxygen in the mixed gas was 2.0:1.2, for carbonization and pore formation, resulting in porous coconut shell carbon. The porous coconut shell carbon was added to a 15.0 wt% polyvinylpyrrolidone solution and placed in a reaction apparatus, reacting at 70℃ for 100 min. The mass-volume ratio of coconut shell carbon to polyvinylpyrrolidone solution was 1.5:2.0. The remaining solution was filtered out, and the filtered porous coconut shell carbon was placed in an oven and dried at 65.0℃ for 5.0 h to obtain the modified coconut shell carbon filler 10.

[0040] Modified ceramsite filler 9 was prepared by the following method: 45.0% clay, 25.0% shell powder, 20.0% carnallite powder, and 15.0% sand were mixed evenly, and 75.0% water was added and stirred into a clay-like mixture. The mixture was then extruded into spherical materials with a diameter of 3.0 cm using a molding device and placed in an oven to dry at 80℃ for 20.0 h. The dried ceramsite was then placed in a sintering furnace and sintered at 900℃ for 15.0 min to obtain modified ceramsite filler 9.

[0041] I. Experimental Verification

[0042] The evaluation indicators for classifying black and odorous water bodies include transparency, dissolved oxygen (DO), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N). The classification standards for pollution levels are shown in Table 1.

[0043] Table 1

[0044] Detection index (unit) Index threshold value Transparency (cm) ≤25 DO (mg / L) ≤2.0 NH3-N (mg / L) ≥15

[0045] The ecological dams described in Examples 1-6 were constructed to repair a polluted pond in Dongshan Town, Xiuying District, Haikou City. Before and after the treatment, the water quality indicators, including transparency, dissolved oxygen (DO), NH3-N, chemical oxygen demand (CODcr), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN), were tested. The treatment period was from August 2023 to November 2023. The following parameters were used to determine the removal rates of transparency, DO, NH3-N, TP, and TN: transparency was measured using the black-and-white disc method; dissolved oxygen (DO) was measured using a dissolved oxygen meter; NH3-N was measured using Nessler's reagent spectrophotometric method (HJ 535-2009); CODcr was measured using the dichromate method (HJ 828-2017); total phosphorus (TP) was measured using the ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method (GB / T 11893-1989); and total nitrogen (TN) was measured using the alkaline potassium persulfate digestion ultraviolet spectrophotometric method (HJ 636-2012). The removal rates of transparency, DO, CODcr, NH3-N, TP, and TN are calculated as follows:

[0046]

[0047] In the formula, the indicators are transparency, DO, CODcr, NH3-N, TP, and TN. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0048] Table 2

[0049]

[0050] As shown in Examples 1-5, the ecological dam of the present invention can effectively treat black and odorous ponds. After treatment, the water bodies are clear with a transparency of >50cm, dissolved oxygen increases significantly, there is no obvious odor on site, and the water quality is significantly improved. As shown in Example 6, the ecological dam of the present invention can also be combined with other methods for joint treatment to further enhance the treatment effect.

[0051] To verify the effectiveness of the ecological dam in Example 3 above, the following experimental examples and comparative examples were set up:

[0052] Experimental Example 1

[0053] The difference between this experimental example and Example 3 is that no ecological dam was set up.

[0054] Comparative Example 1

[0055] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the ecological dam does not have an impermeable wall.

[0056] Comparative Example 2

[0057] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the ecological dam uses commercially available coconut shell charcoal.

[0058] Comparative Example 3

[0059] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the ecological dam uses commercially available ceramsite.

[0060] Following the experimental methods described above, ecological dams were constructed in Comparative Examples 1-3 to treat the black and odorous water. The treatment results were compared with those in Example 3, and the comparison results are shown in Table 3 below:

[0061] Table 3

[0062]

[0063] The analysis of the above data results shows that, compared with Experiment 1, the use of ecological dams increases the water flow and the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water. At the same time, microorganisms can attach to the ecological dam to degrade organic pollutants, and the aquatic plants in the ecological dam also absorb nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus and organic pollutants from the water. Compared to Comparative Example 1, the impermeable wall divides the pond into areas A and B, allowing for more concentrated water quality treatment, improving treatment efficiency, and achieving better purification results. Simultaneously, the permeable frame, positioned above the impermeable wall, ensures the black and odorous water has ample contact with air during its natural cascading, increasing dissolved oxygen levels. Compared to Comparative Example 2, this invention utilizes water vapor and oxygen at high temperatures to create pores in coconut shell charcoal, increasing its specific surface area. Furthermore, the coconut shell charcoal is modified by soaking in a polyvinylpyrrolidone solution. The long molecular chains of polyvinylpyrrolidone provide flexibility, allowing it to adapt to the irregular shapes on the coconut shell charcoal surface, thus better adhering to it and forming a uniform thin film. This film exhibits good adsorption and stability, enhancing the adsorption performance and biocompatibility of the coconut shell charcoal, thereby promoting the attachment of aerobic bacteria to the surface of the coconut shell charcoal. Compared with Comparative Example 3, using sand as raw material to obtain rough-surfaced ceramsite allows for faster biofilm formation in the initial stage due to the larger specific surface area and rougher surface of the modified ceramsite filler. The rough surface facilitates microbial attachment, growth, and reproduction. Simultaneously, using shell powder and carnallite powder as raw materials to prepare modified ceramsite provides anaerobic microorganisms with the calcium and magnesium ions necessary for their life activities, activating their antioxidant systems and bioenzymes to participate in biochemical reactions, thus promoting the decomposition of organic pollutants by anaerobic microorganisms.

[0064] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological dam for improving water quality in black and odorous water bodies, comprising a solar energy circulation system and an ecological dam system, wherein the solar energy circulation system includes solar panels, an internal circulation pump, and a pressure pipe, and the ecological dam system includes an external frame, internal filler, and a plant system; the solar panels are electrically connected to the internal circulation pump, and the pressure pipe is connected to the internal circulation pump; characterized in that: The external frame includes an impermeable wall and a stepped permeable frame disposed on the side of the impermeable wall. The permeable frame includes at least three steps, with the upper part of the permeable frame being higher than the top of the impermeable wall. The impermeable wall is used to divide the pond into area A and area B. One end of the pressure pipe is disposed in area A and the other end is disposed in area B. The internal filler includes modified coconut shell charcoal filler, modified ceramsite filler, and volcanic rock filler. The modified coconut shell charcoal filler, modified ceramsite filler, and volcanic rock filler are disposed in layers within the permeable frame according to the stepped structure of the permeable frame. The plant system is planted on the upper surface of the permeable frame and connected to the internal filler. The modified coconut shell carbon filler is prepared by the following method: dried coconut shells are crushed and passed through a 20-26 mesh sieve. The coconut shell powder is then extruded into spherical materials with a diameter of 1.0-1.5 cm using a molding device. The spherical materials are placed in a sintering furnace and a mixture of water vapor and oxygen at 800-1000℃ is introduced. The reaction is carried out for 1.0-2.0 hours, wherein the volume ratio of water vapor to oxygen in the mixed gas is 1.5-2.0:1.0-1.

2. Carbonization and pore formation are then performed to obtain porous coconut shell carbon filler. Modified coconut shell carbon is prepared by adding porous coconut shell carbon to a 10.0-15.0 wt% polyvinylpyrrolidone solution and placing it in a reaction apparatus. The reaction is carried out at 50-70℃ for 80-100 min, with a mass-to-volume ratio of coconut shell carbon to polyvinylpyrrolidone solution of 1.0-1.5:1.0-2.

0. The remaining solution is filtered out, and the filtered porous coconut shell carbon is placed in an oven and dried at 50.0-65.0℃ for 4.0-5.0 hours to obtain modified coconut shell carbon filler. The modified ceramsite filler is prepared by the following method: A mixture of 40.0-45.0% clay, 20.0-25.0% shell powder, 15.0-20.0% carnallite powder, and 10.0-15.0% sand by mass ratio is mixed evenly. 60.0-75.0% water is added and stirred to form a clay-like mixture. The mixture is then extruded into spherical materials with a diameter of 2.0-3.0 cm using a molding device and placed in an oven to dry at 60-80℃ for 15.0-20.0 h. The dried ceramsite is then placed in a sintering furnace and sintered at 700-900℃ for 10.0-15.0 min to obtain the modified ceramsite filler.

2. The ecological dam for improving water quality in black and odorous water bodies as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The height ratio of the permeable frame to the impermeable wall is 0.25 to 0.

80.

3. The ecological dam for improving water quality in black and odorous water bodies as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The modified coconut shell carbon filler is placed in the upper layer, the modified ceramsite filler is placed in the middle layer, and the volcanic rock filler is placed in the bottom layer.

4. The ecological dam for improving water quality in black and odorous water bodies as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The particle size of the modified coconut shell carbon filler is smaller than that of the modified ceramsite filler and smaller than that of the volcanic rock filler.

5. The ecological dam for improving water quality in black and odorous water bodies as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The ecological dam can be set in the form of one side, two sides, four sides, or L-shape.

6. The ecological dam for improving water quality in black and odorous water bodies as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The plant system consists of aquatic plants, specifically a combination of any of the following: reeds, cattails, lotus, water onions, calamus, and golden creeping jenny.

7. The ecological dam for improving water quality in black and odorous water bodies as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The permeable frame is also provided with a permeable mesh on its side, and the mesh diameter of the permeable mesh is smaller than the particle size of the internal filler.

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