A high-strength erosion-resistant aerogel composite material and its preparation method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a high-strength, erosion-resistant aerogel composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of aircraft thermal protection material preparation. The present invention first performs pretreatment by uniformly spraying four self-made placeholders sequentially onto the erosion-resistant surface of a rigid ceramic insulation tile blank, while simultaneously using a rinsing agent as an auxiliary. The composite material is then composited with silica aerogel and subjected to high-temperature heat treatment to obtain an aerogel composite material to be coated. Finally, a high-emissivity coating is prepared on the surface S region of the aerogel composite material to be coated, resulting in a high-strength, erosion-resistant aerogel composite material. The present invention can address the problems of low strength, poor erosion resistance, and difficulty in coating preparation of ceramic aerogel composite materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a high-strength erosion-resistant aerogel composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of aircraft thermal protection material preparation. Background Art

[0002] Ceramic aerogel composites are important thermal protection materials for aircraft, offering advantages such as good temperature resistance, low thermal conductivity, and low density. However, due to the nanoporous structure of aerogels, the aerogel matrix of ceramic aerogel composites has low strength, and coatings or adhesives cannot penetrate the aerogel nanopores. As a result, ceramic aerogel composites generally suffer from disadvantages such as low compressive strength, poor adhesion, difficulty in preparing surface coatings, and lack of scour resistance. They are generally only used as internal thermal insulation materials for aircraft or in the core layer of cover-type external thermal insulation materials. Cover-type external thermal insulation materials generally use ceramic aerogel composites as the core layer and ceramic cover plates as the scour resistance layer, which to a certain extent achieves the scour resistance function of ceramic aerogel composites. However, due to the discontinuous structure between the ceramic cover plate and the ceramic aerogel composite, and the large differences in structural form and density, the strength of the stitching method between them is weak and the coordination is insufficient, resulting in the risk of delamination and cracking under harsh environments such as vibration and thermal shock. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a method for preparing a high-strength and scour-resistant aerogel composite material with a high-strength aerogel composite matrix and a strong scour resistance layer. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a method for preparing a high-strength erosion-resistant aerogel composite material, to prepare a high-strength erosion-resistant aerogel composite material, and to solve the problems of low strength, poor erosion resistance and difficult coating preparation of ceramic aerogel composite materials.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A method for preparing a high-strength erosion-resistant aerogel composite material comprises the following steps:

[0006] 1) Take a sintered rigid ceramic insulation tile blank, machine it into the corresponding shape according to the specified drawing, determine the anti-scour treatment surface S, and use waterproof tape to seal the surface other than the anti-scour treatment surface S;

[0007] 2) The anti-scour treatment surface S is uniformly sprayed with a self-made placeholder A and a rinse agent in sequence; after a period of time, the self-made placeholder B and a rinse agent are uniformly sprayed once; after another period of time, the self-made placeholder C and a rinse agent are uniformly sprayed once; after another period of time, the self-made placeholder D is uniformly sprayed once; after standing at room temperature for a period of time, the pretreated rigid ceramic insulation tile is obtained;

[0008] 3) impregnating, gelling, and supercritically drying the pretreated rigid ceramic insulation tile obtained in step 2) with the silica aerogel to obtain a ceramic insulation tile reinforced silica aerogel composite material;

[0009] 4) transferring the ceramic insulation tile reinforced silica aerogel composite material obtained in step 3) to a muffle furnace for high-temperature heat treatment at 700-900° C. for 1-3 hours, cooling naturally to room temperature, and then taking out to obtain an aerogel composite material to be coated;

[0010] 5) The surface S region of the aerogel composite material to be coated obtained in step 4) is subjected to surface powder cleaning, coating spraying, coating drying, and coating sintering processes to prepare a high-emissivity coating and obtain a high-strength erosion-resistant aerogel composite material.

[0011] Furthermore, in step 2), the surface of the anti-scour treatment surface S is uniformly sprayed with a homemade placeholder A and a flushing agent in sequence, with an interval of 1 to 5 minutes between each spraying; after an interval of 0.5 to 1 hour, the homemade placeholder B and the flushing agent are uniformly sprayed once, with an interval of 1 to 5 minutes between each spraying; after an interval of 0.5 to 1 hour, the homemade placeholder C and the flushing agent are uniformly sprayed once, with an interval of 1 to 5 minutes between each spraying; after an interval of 0.5 to 1 hour, the homemade placeholder D is uniformly sprayed once; after being placed at room temperature for at least 72 hours, the pretreated rigid ceramic insulation tile is obtained.

[0012] Furthermore, the homemade placeholder A in step 2) is a composition of silicone rubber, silicone rubber curing agent, 120# gasoline, boron carbide nanopowder, and aerogel powder, and the total solid concentration mass fraction is 10% to 20%; among them, the boron carbide nanopowder accounts for 0.1% to 0.5% of the total solid mass, and the aerogel powder accounts for 1% to 5% of the total solid mass.

[0013] Furthermore, the amount of the self-made spacer A and the flushing agent uniformly sprayed once in step 2) is 0.05-0.1 g / cm 2 .

[0014] Furthermore, the homemade placeholder B is a composition of silicone rubber, silicone rubber curing agent, 120# gasoline, boron carbide nanopowder, and aerogel powder, with a total solid concentration mass fraction of 30% to 40%; among them, boron carbide nanopowder accounts for 0.05% to 0.1% of the total solid mass, and aerogel powder accounts for 0.5% to 1% of the total solid mass.

[0015] Furthermore, the amount of the self-made spacer B and the flushing agent uniformly sprayed once in step 2) is 0.05-0.1 g / cm 2 .

[0016] Furthermore, the homemade spacer C in step 2) is a composition of silicone rubber, silicone rubber curing agent, 120# gasoline, and boron carbide nanopowder, with a total solid concentration mass fraction of 40% to 60%; wherein the boron carbide nanopowder accounts for 0.01% to 0.05% of the total solid mass.

[0017] Furthermore, the amount of the self-made spacer C and the flushing agent uniformly sprayed once in step 2) is 0.05-0.1 g / cm 2 .

[0018] Furthermore, the self-made spacer D in step 2) is a composition of silicone rubber, silicone rubber curing agent, and 120# gasoline, and the total solid concentration by mass fraction is 60% to 80%.

[0019] Furthermore, the amount of the self-made spacer D uniformly sprayed once in step 2) is 0.05-0.1 g / cm 2 .

[0020] A high-strength erosion-resistant aerogel composite material is prepared by the above preparation method.

[0021] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows:

[0022] 1) The present invention changes the components of the four spacers so that the aerogel powder, silicone rubber and boron carbide can be distributed in a gradient, thereby achieving a better transition effect.

[0023] 2) Adding boron carbide can generate boron oxide through oxidation of boron carbide during the treatment process of step 4. The high-temperature boron oxide vapor can react with the aerogel particles in the spacer to generate borosilicate glass during diffusion, thereby playing a fixing role.

[0024] During step 3) 4), the silicone rubber component undergoes thermal decomposition to produce SiO2 pyrolysis product powder, which reacts with boron oxide vapor to form a borosilicate glass phase, which acts as a fixation agent. Furthermore, the gradient diffusion effect of the boron oxide vapor results in a more transitional distribution of the borosilicate glass phase.

[0025] 5) The reason why silicone rubber is selected as a placeholder in the present invention is mainly because the silica product after high-temperature decomposition of silicone rubber is a nano-scale powder, which can react with boron oxide to form borosilicate glass as a filler. Secondly, in the absence of boron oxide, the generated silica powder can be easily removed completely, leaving a placeholder space. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the various technical features and advantages or technical effects of the above technical solutions of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, they are described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A method for preparing a high-strength erosion-resistant aerogel composite material, the main steps of which are as follows:

[0029] 1) Take a sintered rigid ceramic insulation tile blank, machine it into the corresponding shape according to the specified drawing, determine the anti-scour treatment surface S, and use waterproof tape to seal the surface other than the anti-scour treatment surface S;

[0030] The rigid ceramic thermal insulation tile blank can be produced by known technology or purchased from the market.

[0031] 2) Spray the self-made placeholder A and the flushing agent evenly on the surface of the anti-scour treatment surface S in sequence, with an interval of 1 minute between each spraying; after an interval of 0.5 hours, continue to evenly spray the self-made placeholder B and the flushing agent once, with an interval of 1 minute between each spraying; after an interval of 0.5 hours, continue to evenly spray the self-made placeholder C and the flushing agent once, with an interval of 1 minute between each spraying; after an interval of 0.5 hours, continue to evenly spray the self-made placeholder D once; after standing at room temperature for at least 72 hours, the pretreated rigid ceramic insulation tile is obtained.

[0032] The self-made spacer A is a composition of silicone rubber, silicone rubber curing agent, 120# gasoline, boron carbide nanopowder, and aerogel powder, with a total solid concentration of 10% by mass, boron carbide nanopowder accounting for 0.1% of the total solid mass, and aerogel powder accounting for 1% of the total solid mass; the amount of the self-made spacer A uniformly sprayed once is 0.05g / cm 2 The amount of the flushing agent uniformly sprayed once is the same as the amount of the homemade placeholder A uniformly sprayed once;

[0033] The self-made spacer B is a composition of silicone rubber, silicone rubber curing agent, 120# gasoline, boron carbide nanopowder, and aerogel powder. The total solid concentration is 30% by mass, boron carbide nanopowder accounts for 0.05% of the total solid mass; aerogel powder accounts for 0.5% of the total solid mass; the amount of the self-made spacer B uniformly sprayed once is 0.05g / cm 2 The amount of the flushing agent uniformly sprayed once is the same as the amount of the homemade placeholder B uniformly sprayed once;

[0034] The self-made spacer C is a composition of silicone rubber, silicone rubber curing agent, 120# gasoline, and boron carbide nanopowder, with a total solid concentration of 40% by mass, and boron carbide nanopowder accounting for 0.01% of the total solid mass; the amount of the self-made spacer C uniformly sprayed once is 0.05g / cm 2 The amount of the flushing agent uniformly sprayed once is the same as the amount of the homemade placeholder C uniformly sprayed once;

[0035] The self-made spacer D is a composition of silicone rubber, silicone rubber curing agent, and 120# gasoline, with a total solid concentration of 60% by mass. The amount of the self-made spacer D uniformly sprayed once is 0.05g / cm 2 ;

[0036] 3) According to the prior art, the pretreated rigid ceramic insulation tile obtained in step 2) is impregnated, gelled and supercritically dried to obtain a ceramic insulation tile reinforced silica aerogel composite material.

[0037] 4) The ceramic insulation tile reinforced silica aerogel composite material obtained in step 3) was transferred to a muffle furnace, treated at 700° C. for 3 hours, and then naturally cooled to room temperature before being taken out to obtain an aerogel composite material to be coated.

[0038] 5) In the surface S area of ​​the aerogel composite material to be coated obtained in step 4), a high-emissivity coating is prepared by successively performing surface powder cleaning, coating spraying, coating drying, and coating sintering processes according to known techniques, thereby obtaining a method for preparing a high-strength, erosion-resistant aerogel composite material.

[0039] Testing revealed that the surface erosion-resistant layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.2 mm, with a distinct gradient transition from the outer surface to the inner surface. The bond strength between the coating and the aerogel composite matrix is ​​greater than the matrix itself. During a room-temperature tensile test, the fracture occurred on the matrix. After cycling from room temperature to 800°C, the coating showed no signs of peeling or cracking.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] A method for preparing a high-strength erosion-resistant aerogel composite material, the main steps of which are as follows:

[0042] 1) Take a sintered rigid ceramic insulation tile blank, machine it into the corresponding shape according to the specified drawing, determine the anti-scour treatment surface S, and use waterproof tape to seal the surface other than the anti-scour treatment surface S;

[0043] The rigid ceramic thermal insulation tile blank can be produced by known technology or purchased from the market.

[0044] 2) Spray the self-made placeholder A and the flushing agent evenly on the surface of the anti-scour treatment surface S in sequence, with an interval of 5 minutes between each spraying; after an interval of 1 hour, continue to evenly spray the self-made placeholder B and the flushing agent once, with an interval of 5 minutes between each spraying; after an interval of 1 hour, continue to evenly spray the self-made placeholder C and the flushing agent once, with an interval of 5 minutes between each spraying; after an interval of 1 hour, continue to evenly spray the self-made placeholder D once; after standing at room temperature for at least 72 hours, the pretreated rigid ceramic insulation tile is obtained.

[0045] The self-made spacer A is a composition of silicone rubber, silicone rubber curing agent, 120# gasoline, boron carbide nanopowder, and aerogel powder. The total solid concentration is 20% by mass, boron carbide nanopowder accounts for 0.5% of the total solid mass, and aerogel powder accounts for 5% of the total solid mass. The amount of the self-made spacer A uniformly sprayed once is 0.1 g / cm 2 The amount of the flushing agent uniformly sprayed once is the same as the amount of the homemade placeholder A uniformly sprayed once;

[0046] The self-made spacer B is a composition of silicone rubber, silicone rubber curing agent, 120# gasoline, boron carbide nanopowder, and aerogel powder. The total solid concentration is 40% by mass, boron carbide nanopowder accounts for 0.1% of the total solid mass; aerogel powder accounts for 1% of the total solid mass; the amount of the self-made spacer B uniformly sprayed once is 0.1g / cm 2 The amount of the flushing agent uniformly sprayed once is the same as the amount of the homemade placeholder B uniformly sprayed once;

[0047] The self-made spacer C is a composition of silicone rubber, silicone rubber curing agent, 120# gasoline, and boron carbide nanopowder, with a total solid concentration of 60% by mass, and boron carbide nanopowder accounting for 0.05% of the total solid mass; the amount of the self-made spacer C uniformly sprayed once is 0.1g / cm 2 The amount of the flushing agent uniformly sprayed once is the same as the amount of the homemade placeholder C uniformly sprayed once;

[0048] The self-made spacer D is a composition of silicone rubber, silicone rubber curing agent, and 120# gasoline, with a total solid concentration of 80% by mass. The amount of the self-made spacer D uniformly sprayed once is 0.1 g / cm 2 ;

[0049] 3) According to the prior art, the pretreated rigid ceramic insulation tile obtained in step 2) is impregnated, gelled and supercritically dried to obtain a ceramic insulation tile reinforced silica aerogel composite material.

[0050] 4) The ceramic insulation tile reinforced silica aerogel composite material obtained in step 3) was transferred to a muffle furnace, treated at 900° C. for 1 hour, and then naturally cooled to room temperature before being taken out to obtain an aerogel composite material to be coated.

[0051] 5) In the surface S area of ​​the aerogel composite material to be coated obtained in step 4), a high-emissivity coating is prepared by successively performing surface powder cleaning, coating spraying, coating drying, and coating sintering processes according to known techniques, thereby obtaining a method for preparing a high-strength, erosion-resistant aerogel composite material.

[0052] Testing revealed that the surface erosion-resistant layer has a thickness of 0.3 to 0.5 mm, with a distinct gradient transition from the outer surface to the inner surface. The bonding strength between the coating and the aerogel composite matrix is ​​greater than the matrix itself. During a room-temperature tensile test, the fracture occurred on the matrix. After cycling from room temperature to 800°C, the coating showed no signs of peeling or cracking.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] A method for preparing a high-strength erosion-resistant aerogel composite material, the main steps of which are as follows:

[0055] 1) Take a sintered rigid ceramic insulation tile blank, machine it into the corresponding shape according to the specified drawing, determine the anti-scour treatment surface S, and use waterproof tape to seal the surface other than the anti-scour treatment surface S;

[0056] The rigid ceramic thermal insulation tile blank can be produced by known technology or purchased from the market.

[0057] 2) Spray the self-made placeholder A and the flushing agent evenly on the surface of the anti-scour treatment surface S in sequence, with an interval of 3 minutes between each spraying; after an interval of 0.7 hours, continue to evenly spray the self-made placeholder B and the flushing agent once, with an interval of 3 minutes between each spraying; after an interval of 0.7 hours, continue to evenly spray the self-made placeholder C and the flushing agent once, with an interval of 3 minutes between each spraying; after an interval of 0.7 hours, continue to evenly spray the self-made placeholder D once; after standing at room temperature for at least 72 hours, the pretreated rigid ceramic insulation tile is obtained.

[0058] The self-made spacer A is a composition of silicone rubber, silicone rubber curing agent, 120# gasoline, boron carbide nanopowder, and aerogel powder. The total solid concentration is 15% by mass, boron carbide nanopowder accounts for 0.3% of the total solid mass, and aerogel powder accounts for 3% of the total solid mass. The amount of the self-made spacer A uniformly sprayed once is 0.07 g / cm 2 The amount of the flushing agent uniformly sprayed once is the same as the amount of the homemade placeholder A uniformly sprayed once;

[0059] The self-made spacer B is a composition of silicone rubber, silicone rubber curing agent, 120# gasoline, boron carbide nanopowder, and aerogel powder. The total solid concentration is 35% by mass, boron carbide nanopowder accounts for 0.07% of the total solid mass; aerogel powder accounts for 0.7% of the total solid mass; the amount of the self-made spacer B uniformly sprayed once is 0.07g / cm 2 The amount of the flushing agent uniformly sprayed once is the same as the amount of the homemade placeholder B uniformly sprayed once;

[0060] The self-made spacer C is a composition of silicone rubber, silicone rubber curing agent, 120# gasoline, and boron carbide nanopowder, with a total solid concentration of 50% by mass, and boron carbide nanopowder accounting for 0.03% of the total solid mass; the amount of the self-made spacer C uniformly sprayed once is 0.07g / cm 2 The amount of the flushing agent uniformly sprayed once is the same as the amount of the homemade placeholder C uniformly sprayed once;

[0061] The self-made spacer D is a composition of silicone rubber, silicone rubber curing agent, and 120# gasoline, with a total solid concentration of 70% by mass. The amount of the self-made spacer D uniformly sprayed once is 0.07 g / cm 2 ;

[0062] 3) According to the prior art, the pretreated rigid ceramic insulation tile obtained in step 2) is impregnated, gelled and supercritically dried to obtain a ceramic insulation tile reinforced silica aerogel composite material.

[0063] 4) The ceramic insulation tile reinforced silica aerogel composite material obtained in step 3) was transferred to a muffle furnace, treated at 800° C. for 2 hours, and then naturally cooled to room temperature before being taken out to obtain an aerogel composite material to be coated.

[0064] 5) In the surface S area of ​​the aerogel composite material to be coated obtained in step 4), a high-emissivity coating is prepared by successively performing surface powder cleaning, coating spraying, coating drying, and coating sintering processes according to known techniques, thereby obtaining a method for preparing a high-strength, erosion-resistant aerogel composite material.

[0065] Testing revealed that the surface erosion-resistant layer has a thickness of 0.2 to 0.3 mm, with a distinct gradient transition from the outer surface to the inner surface. The bond strength between the coating and the aerogel composite matrix is ​​greater than the matrix itself. During a room-temperature tensile test, the fracture occurred on the matrix. After cycling from room temperature to 800°C, the coating showed no signs of peeling or cracking.

[0066] Comparative Example 1

[0067] The anti-scour layer is prepared on the surface of the aerogel composite material using existing traditional technology. The main steps are as follows:

[0068] 1) Take a sintered rigid ceramic insulation tile blank, machine it into the corresponding shape according to the specified drawing, determine the anti-scour treatment surface S, and use waterproof tape to seal the surface other than the anti-scour treatment surface S;

[0069] The rigid ceramic thermal insulation tile blank can be produced by known technology or purchased from the market.

[0070] 2) According to the prior art, the rigid ceramic insulation tile subjected to the surface sealing treatment in step 1) is impregnated, gelled and supercritically dried to obtain a ceramic insulation tile reinforced silica aerogel composite material.

[0071] 3) The surface S region of the aerogel composite material to be coated obtained in step 2) is subjected to surface powder cleaning, coating spraying, coating drying, and coating sintering processes according to known techniques to prepare a high-emissivity coating.

[0072] Testing revealed that the surface erosion resistance layer, with a thickness of 0.05 to 0.1 mm, adhered only to the surface of the aerogel composite, with no coating penetrating the interior of the substrate. The strength of the connection between the coating and the aerogel composite substrate was weaker than the strength of the substrate itself. During a room-temperature tensile test, the coating fractured at the interface between the substrate and coating. After cycling from room temperature to 800°C, the coating exhibited extensive shedding and cracking.

[0073] Although the present invention has been disclosed as above by way of embodiments, they are not intended to limit the present invention. Any appropriate modification or equivalent substitution of the technical solution of the present invention by a person skilled in the art should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be based on that defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a high-strength erosion-resistant aerogel composite material, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Take a sintered rigid ceramic insulation tile blank, machine it into the corresponding shape according to the specified drawing, determine the anti-scour treatment surface S, and use waterproof tape to seal the surface other than the anti-scour treatment surface S; 2) Spraying the self-made placeholder A and the rinsing agent evenly on the surface of the anti-scour treatment surface S in sequence; after a period of time, continue to evenly spray the self-made placeholder B and the rinsing agent once; after another period of time, continue to evenly spray the self-made placeholder C and the rinsing agent once; after another period of time, continue to evenly spray the self-made placeholder D once; after standing at room temperature for a period of time, a pretreated rigid ceramic insulation tile is obtained; the self-made placeholder A is a composition of silicone rubber, silicone rubber curing agent, 120# gasoline, boron carbide nanopowder, and aerogel powder, the total solid concentration of the self-made placeholder A is 10% to 20% by mass, of which the boron carbide nanopowder accounts for 0.1% to 0.5% of the total solid mass, and the aerogel powder accounts for 1% to 5% of the total solid mass; the self-made placeholder B is A composition of silicone rubber, silicone rubber curing agent, 120# gasoline, boron carbide nanopowder, and aerogel powder, wherein the total solid concentration of the homemade placeholder B is 30% to 40% by mass, of which the boron carbide nanopowder accounts for 0.05% to 0.1% of the total solid mass, and the aerogel powder accounts for 0.5% to 1% of the total solid mass; the homemade placeholder C is a composition of silicone rubber, silicone rubber curing agent, 120# gasoline, and boron carbide nanopowder, wherein the total solid concentration of the homemade placeholder C is 40% to 60% by mass, of which the boron carbide nanopowder accounts for 0.01% to 0.05% of the total solid mass; the homemade placeholder D is a composition of silicone rubber, silicone rubber curing agent, and 120# gasoline, wherein the total solid concentration of the homemade placeholder D is 60% to 80% by mass; 3) impregnating, gelling, and supercritically drying the pretreated rigid ceramic insulation tile obtained in step 2) with the silica aerogel to obtain a ceramic insulation tile reinforced silica aerogel composite material; 4) transferring the ceramic insulation tile reinforced silica aerogel composite material obtained in step 3) to a muffle furnace for high-temperature heat treatment at 700-900° C. for 1-3 hours, cooling naturally to room temperature, and then taking out to obtain an aerogel composite material to be coated; 5) The area of ​​the aerogel composite material to be coated obtained in step 4) corresponding to the anti-scour treatment surface S determined in step 1) is subjected to surface powder cleaning, coating spraying, coating drying, and coating sintering processes to prepare a high-emissivity coating to obtain a high-strength anti-scour aerogel composite material.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein In step 2), the surface of the anti-scour treatment surface S is uniformly sprayed with a homemade placeholder A and a flushing agent in sequence, with an interval of 1 to 5 minutes between each spraying; after an interval of 0.5 to 1 hour, the homemade placeholder B and a flushing agent are uniformly sprayed once, with an interval of 1 to 5 minutes between each spraying; after an interval of 0.5 to 1 hour, the homemade placeholder C and a flushing agent are uniformly sprayed once, with an interval of 1 to 5 minutes between each spraying; after an interval of 0.5 to 1 hour, the homemade placeholder D is uniformly sprayed once; after being placed at room temperature for at least 72 hours, the pretreated rigid ceramic insulation tile is obtained.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein The amount of the self-made spacer A and the flushing agent sprayed evenly once in step 2) is 0.05-0.1 g / cm 2 .

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein The amount of the self-made spacer B and the flushing agent sprayed evenly once in step 2) is 0.05-0.1 g / cm 2 .

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein The amount of the self-made spacer C and the flushing agent sprayed evenly once in step 2) is 0.05-0.1 g / cm 2 .

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein The amount of the self-made spacer D uniformly sprayed once in step 2) is 0.05-0.1 g / cm 2 .

7. A high-strength erosion-resistant aerogel composite material, characterized in that: The invention is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.