Tannin enzyme fertilizer for degrading soil heavy metals and method for planting rice using the enzyme fertilizer

Abstract

The present invention relates to a tannin enzyme fertilizer for degrading soil heavy metals and a method for planting rice using the enzyme fertilizer. The plant-based fertilizer is prepared with the whole grass of native goldenrod as a base material, which can not only fix the heavy metals in the soil, reduce the amount of heavy metals entering into crop products, and reduce pesticide residues, but also increase the SOD content and protein content of agricultural products, improve the quality of agricultural products, and improve the nutritional value of agricultural products. According to detection, the superoxide dismutase SOD content in the rice cultivated by the present invention reaches 388U / g, and the protein content reaches 10.2g / 100g. Due to the use of goldenrod tannin and a large amount of soybean, peanut and other proteins in the present invention, heavy metals are precipitated in a larger complex, the movement of heavy metal ions is inhibited, the absorption of heavy metals in water and soil by rice roots is reduced, and the absorption of selenium by rice roots is laterally promoted, and selenium-rich rice rich in SOD is obtained, so that the nutritional value of rice is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and specifically relates to an organic enzyme fertilizer for degrading soil salinity and heavy metals and a method for planting SOD rice by using the enzyme fertilizer. Background Art

[0002] The native goldenrod is a native medicinal material, belonging to the genus Goldenrod of the Asteraceae family. The stem is erect, usually thin and weak, solitary or a few clusters, unbranched or branched above the middle. The middle stem leaves are elliptical, oblong, ovate or broadly lanceolate, with short soft hairs on both sides, along the veins and leaf margins, or glabrous below. The capitula is small, 6-8 mm long and 6-9 mm wide, mostly arranged in dense or loose racemes or corymb panicles 6-25 cm long on the upper part of the stem, and rarely arranged in compound capitula. The ligulate flower tongue is elliptical and 6 mm long. The achene is 3 mm long, glabrous, and rarely has a few sparse hairs at the top. The flowering and fruiting period is from October to December, and it is distributed in East China, South-Central and Southwest China. It grows on hillsides, broad-leaved forest edges, under forests, roadsides and grass at an altitude of 565-2850 meters. It likes to grow in a cool and humid climate, is cold-resistant, and is suitable for planting in fertile, loose, humus-rich, well-drained sandy soil. It can be propagated by seeds, division, etc.

[0003] Compared with the malignant weed, the native goldenrod is relatively short, thin, scattered, and has underdeveloped rhizomes, which will not invade the growth environment of other plants. The height of the Canadian goldenrod plant can reach 2 meters, and it grows tall and densely, with a very developed rhizome. It will continuously release toxic allelopathic substances into the soil through the root system, inhibiting the growth of other species. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish the two in daily life.

[0004] The detailed difference between the native goldenrod and the Canadian goldenrod is: the root thread comparison: the native goldenrod is a garlic root, and the Canadian goldenrod is a woody root; the flower shape is different: the native goldenrod is straight upward, and the Canadian goldenrod is an ear type, with multiple ears and loose flowering and fruiting. Different leaves: the native goldenrod has thicker mesophyll, greener leaf color, and shorter leaves; the Canadian goldenrod has longer leaves, lighter leaf color, and thinner mesophyll. Root thread comparison: the native goldenrod has a garlic root and a longer root thread. The Canadian goldenrod is a woody root, with a thick taproot and adventitious roots on the ground. The rhizome secretions will affect biodiversity. Different stem bark colors: the native goldenrod plant height is about 60-100 cm, the stem bark is purple-red, and the Canadian goldenrod plant is up to 2-3 meters, and the stem bark is cyan or purple-red. The goldenrod mentioned in the present invention is all native goldenrod.

[0005] The whole plant of the native goldenrod is used as medicine. It is pungent, bitter and slightly warm in nature. It can dispel wind and detoxify, reduce fever and promote blood circulation, reduce swelling and relieve pain. It is mainly used to treat snake bites, carbuncles, furuncles, etc.

[0006] The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has made people realize that salinity and heavy metal poisoning in the soil are the root causes of chronic diseases in animal and plant cells. In the long run, fertile soil will eventually become increasingly barren. At present, people living in cities generally complain that many of the delicious crops purchased in the market have become bland and tasteless due to the use of pesticide chemicals, and have long lost their former freshness. Botanical pesticides / fertilizers are a branch of biological pesticides, and are pesticides / fertilizers developed using plant resources. It refers to pesticide preparations / fertilizers made from active ingredients that are processed, extracted, and artificially synthesized from plant roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. The biggest advantage of botanical pesticides / fertilizers is that they come from plants themselves, so they will not cause phytotoxicity to crops, have a smooth degradation pathway, will not pollute the environment, have very good environmental compatibility, and will not cause soil acidification or alkalization. In addition, botanical pesticides / fertilizers have a variety of biological activities, not only have insecticidal and bactericidal activities, but also have the functions of regulating plant growth, inducing immunity, and preserving freshness. At the same time, the Jiangxi toxic rice incident, which was mainly caused by cadmium pollution in the soil and excessive heavy metal content, has attracted widespread attention. Summary of the invention

[0007] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0008] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a tannin enzyme fertilizer for degrading soil salinity and heavy metals and a method for planting rice using the tannin enzyme fertilizer. The plant-based fertilizer is prepared with the whole grass of native Solidago can not only fix the heavy metals in the soil, reduce the amount of heavy metals entering into crop products, and reduce pesticide residues, but also can increase the SOD content and protein content of agricultural products, improve the quality of agricultural products, and enhance the nutritional value of agricultural products.

[0009] (II) Technical solution

[0010] The invention discloses a tannin enzyme fertilizer for degrading soil heavy metals and a method for planting rice by using the tannin enzyme fertilizer. The dried native goldenrod is crushed and mixed with crushed peanut cake or soybean cake to prepare a powdery mixture, or granulated by a pellet feed machine to prepare a pellet, and the ratio of the native goldenrod to the peanut cake / soybean cake is 0.5-1:1.

[0011] A method for planting rice using tannin enzyme fertilizer for degrading heavy metals in soil, comprising the following steps:

[0012] S1. Apply basal fertilizer:

[0013] The fresh grass of native goldenrod is piled up at the amount of 450-550 kg / mu beside the early rice field or the white lotus field, covered and sealed with plastic sheet, and the bottom edge of the plastic sheet is sealed with mud paste to facilitate fermentation and rotting in the pile. Around the beginning of autumn, the rotten fermented fertilizer of native goldenrod is spread into the field as the base fertilizer of the second late rice field, and 50-55 kg / mu of lime is applied to promote the decomposition of tannins in native goldenrod;

[0014] Alternatively, after the beginning of autumn, the whole grass of the native goldenrod is harvested, dried in the shade, crushed into granules, and then mixed with oil cake residue at a mass ratio of 0.9-1.2:0.9-1.2 to form granules, which are spread in the field as a base fertilizer before planting a single-season rice crop or a distant cultivated land, with 95-110 kg per mu being spread; after the temperature exceeds 15°C, 95-110 kg of the above-mentioned granules are spread per mu as a base fertilizer, and after the application, 50-55 kg / mu of lime is spread to promote the decomposition of tannins in the native goldenrod;

[0015] S2. Seed soaking and germination: Soak the seeds with 1-1.5% of the native goldenrod extract powder and water to increase the seed germination rate and reduce the seed and bud rot rate;

[0016] S3. Management during the rice seedling field period: Plant and manage the germinated rice seeds using conventional methods. When the rice seedlings reach the three-leaf stage, spray the leaves with 1.5-2% of the local Solidago asiatica extract powder diluted with water to enhance the resistance of the seedlings to stress;

[0017] S4. Management during the panicle differentiation period: During the panicle differentiation period of rice, use 2.5-3% of native Solidago asiatica extract powder diluted with water and spray on the leaves after 3 pm on a sunny day to enhance rice photosynthesis to increase yield and promote the accumulation of SOD in rice.

[0018] The native Chinese medicinal plant Solidago asiatica is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements such as calcium, magnesium and zinc. When applying basal fertilizer, a small amount of urea or compound fertilizer should be applied as appropriate to improve seedling growth in the previous round of crops in order to build a high-yield seedling rack in the early stage. The native Chinese medicinal plant Solidago asiatica is rich in protein and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Protein can fix heavy metals in the soil to prevent heavy metals from entering agricultural products. On the other hand, SOD also has a detoxifying effect on the soil, including reducing toxic pesticide residues and rendering heavy metals harmless; superoxide dismutase can remove free radicals and enhance the disease resistance and stress resistance of crops.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S2, 1.5% of native Solidago asiatica extract powder is diluted with water to soak the seeds.

[0020] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S3, 1% of native Solidago asiatica extract powder is diluted with water for foliage spraying.

[0021] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S4, the panicle differentiation period of rice includes the heading period and the heading period of rice; during the heading period and the heading period of rice, 3% of the native Solidago asiatica extract powder is diluted with water and sprayed on the leaves after 3 pm on a sunny day.

[0022] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S4, if borer damage is found during the ear differentiation stage, dimethoate is sprayed once for foliar spraying.

[0023] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S4, during the period of disease and insect pest control, for fields with higher fertility, prevention is the main approach depending on the growth of the seedlings, and low-toxic and high-efficiency pesticides such as tricyclazole, dichlorvos, and mesotrione are applied; in the process of water and fertilizer management, the principles of sufficient base fertilizer, fast topdressing, small applications and frequent fertilization are followed, and shallow water irrigation is followed as the principle; in the late heading stage, dry-dry and wet-wet are used to strengthen the seeds; and the crops are harvested when they are 90% yellow and mature.

[0024] (III) Beneficial effects

[0025] The present invention uses the native Chinese medicine Solidago asiatica to improve the synthesis of SOD in rice while improving the soil. According to the detection, the superoxide dismutase SOD content in the rice cultivated by the present invention reaches 388U / g, and the protein content reaches 10.2g / 100g. Due to the use of the native Solidago asiatica tannin and a large amount of soybean, peanut and other proteins in the present invention, heavy metals are precipitated in a larger complex, which inhibits the movement of heavy metal ions, reduces the absorption of heavy metals in water and soil by the rice root system, and then promotes the absorption of selenium by the rice root system laterally, and obtains selenium-rich rice rich in SOD, so that the nutritional value of rice is greatly improved. In addition, the planting method of the present invention can obtain rice with excellent color, fragrance and taste, and reduce the content of heavy metals in rice.

[0026] The invention also soaks seeds by adding 0.5-1% of native Solidago asiatica extract powder to water to improve the seed germination rate, achieve the purpose of thick and strong buds, reduce the rotten seeds and rotten buds rate, and improve the seed grain rate.

[0027] In the seedling stage, the present invention uses 1-2% of the native Solidago asiatica extract powder diluted with water to spray on the leaves, so as to enhance the resistance of the seedlings to stress and prevent the early rice seedlings from being affected by the cold weather at night and inhibiting the normal growth and prosperity. In the panicle differentiation period, which is the critical period for accumulating the most nutrients, the present invention uses 2.5-5% of the native Solidago asiatica extract powder diluted with water to spray on the leaves after 3 pm on a sunny day, so as to enhance the photosynthesis of rice to increase the yield and promote the accumulation of SOD in the rice. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a test report on the root activity of the native Solidago.

[0029] Figure 2This is the test report of SOD and protein content in the rice harvested in Example 2.

[0030] Figure 3 This is the test report of SOD and protein content in the rice harvested in Example 6.

[0031] Figure 4 This is the certification for selenium-rich product of native goldenrod dried flowers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to better explain the present invention and facilitate understanding, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0033] According to the data of Guangzhou Chinese Medicine Dictionary in 2000: The whole herb of the Chinese medicine native Goldenrod contains 0.09-0.21% rutin. Tannin content: 16% in flowers, 10.3%-15.3% in leaves, and 3.6%-9.6% in stems. Tannins can be hydrolyzed tannins, which combine with proteins to form water-insoluble complex precipitations, and can also react with heavy metals. The aqueous solution of tannins can produce precipitations with heavy metal salts such as lead acetate, copper acetate, and stannous chloride to fix heavy metals. Tannins can also react with alkaloids. Tannins are polyphenolic compounds with acidity, which can combine with alkaloids to form precipitations that are difficult to dissolve in water. Therefore, the Chinese medicine native Goldenrod can convert heavy metals, alkaloids, and metal salts into non-toxic precipitates. At the same time, combined with the organic humus and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers produced by the fermentation of the native Goldenrod, it greatly increases the yield of crops by 10-20%. Therefore, using the Chinese medicine native Goldenrod to make organic fertilizers for crops can effectively increase yields. On this basis, the tannins contained in the whole herb of native Solidago are mixed with peanut oil cake (a large amount of protein provided by soybean or rapeseed oil cake), and then mixed with lime and calcium for precipitation, so as to resolve the poisoning problem caused by heavy metal salinization in the soil, convert toxins into precipitates that cannot be absorbed by crops, and reduce the heavy metal content in crops.

[0034] In 2022, Lai Panfeng, Jin Chenmiao, and Zhang Chongbang of Taizhou Academy of Life Sciences of Zhejiang Province published "Accumulation and Transportation of Goldenrod in Soil Nutrition", which disclosed that the local Chinese medicine Goldenrod absorbs 2.216% nitrogen, 0.25% phosphorus, 11.3% potassium, 3.73% calcium, 3.2% magnesium, 0.24% zinc, 0.38% iron, 0.91% manganese, and 0.32% copper in the soil. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are about 4.5 times that of the three elements of safflower grass (Astragalus vetch), especially the trace elements are sufficient. It was previously reported that safflower grass is the best base fertilizer for rice. It contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, especially nitrogen. According to analysis and calculation, 1,000 kilograms of fresh grass can be equivalent to 20 kilograms of fertilizer powder (ammonium sulfate), and it also contains a large amount of organic matter, which plays a great role in improving soil and increasing soil fertility. However, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other substances in the native Chinese medicinal herb Solidago asiatica is higher than that in safflower.

[0035] The applicant sent the native Chinese medicine Solidago to Hunan University Guao Technology Co., Ltd. for testing. The test report ( Figure 1 ) shows that the SOD content in the stems and leaves of the local Chinese medicinal herb Solidago sphenanthera is 1620U / g, and the SOD content in the rhizomes is 540U / g. The local Solidago sphenanthera is rich in SOD, which has the function of scavenging free radicals, maintaining the healthy state of crop cells, improving crop resistance and environmental resistance, as well as disease resistance, reducing pesticide application and pesticide residues in crops such as rice, and protecting the ecological environment. Figure 4 As shown, the native Solidago (dried) is certified as a selenium-rich product.

[0036] Watering the rice seedlings at the three-leaf stage (weaning stage) and spraying the leaves at the heading and filling stage, through the way of leaf photosynthesis, the rice is absorbed, so that the rice endosperm contains dismutase (SOD), which can reduce the incidence of rice and reduce the amount and frequency of the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. In the panicle differentiation stage, which is the critical period when the most nutrients need to be accumulated, the present invention uses 2.5-5% of the native goldenrod extract powder diluted with water to spray the leaves after 3 pm on a sunny day, taking advantage of the opportunity when the rice leaves are undergoing high-intensity photosynthesis, spraying on the rice leaves at the heading or filling stage by spraying, replenishing a large amount of dismutase and protein to the leaves, increasing the accumulation of dismutase and protein in rice, improving the resistance of rice, and preventing and controlling diseases such as rice blast and rice false smut.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] This example selected a field in Jianshang Village, Qinjiang Town, Shicheng County, Jiangxi Province for the experiment. Before the experiment, the field was barren and had a serious saline-alkali condition. The land could only grow a few thin dandelions and other weeds. The soil of the field was transformed as follows:

[0039] After the beginning of autumn, after ploughing, apply the dry granules or powder of local goldenrod, and the mixture of peanut oil cake residue in a weight ratio of 0.5~1:1, and the application amount is 75-100Kg per mu. After the temperature exceeds 15 degrees, sprinkle 50-55kg of lime per mu. To accelerate the decomposition, transformation and precipitation of tannins and peanut protein. The local goldenrod of traditional Chinese medicine that was stored last year or sown this year has lush stems and leaves around the beginning of autumn. Tannins and enzyme fertilizers can be applied. First, harvest the above-ground part of fresh grass, pile it up at the edge of the field, cover it with plastic paper, and wait until the planting is completed the next night, and then spread the rotten and fermented organic tannin enzyme fertilizer between the rows of seedlings for use. But after spreading, 40-50 kg of lime should be applied per mu to neutralize the acidity, so as to convert toxic substances into non-toxic small molecules. The yield per mu of Jinliangyouhuazhan rice reached 521 kg. The rice was tested and the SOD reached 388u / g and the protein content was 10.2g / 100g.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] This experiment was carried out in the fields of farmers in Zhushan Group, Xinfu Village, Pingshan Town, Shicheng County, Jiangxi Province. Before the experiment, the crops were traditional Chinese medicine, the fields were barren, and there was a serious salinization condition. The fields were transformed as follows: the rhizomes of the traditional Chinese medicine, Solidago asiatica, were crushed and soaked in liquid, and foliar topdressing was performed during the heading and heading stages of the second late rice. 3-5% rhizome extract was added with 1 kg of urea and sprayed at 3 o'clock in the afternoon on a sunny day. The yield per mu was 450 kg, and the rice output rate was 314 kg. It was tested in Guangdong Food Research Institute in 2022 ( Figure 2 ), SOD content is 56.2u / g, and protein content is 9.48g / 100g.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] The present embodiment selects 200 early rice Jinliangyouhuazhan, wraps them with gauze, soaks seeds and accelerates germination in a constant temperature shaker at 35 degrees, and the soaking water is deionized water, and the seeds are first exposed to the sun for 2-3 hours before soaking. After soaking for 24 hours, the useful germination rate is 87%, and the bud is 0.5-2cm long. For comparison, 200 Jinliangyouhuazhan are simultaneously, after being exposed to the sun for 2-3 hours, wrapped with gauze material, soaked seeds and accelerated germination in a constant temperature shaker at 35 degrees, and the germination water is 1.5% of the native Solidago rhizome crushed extract powder converted to water, and the germination rate is 95% after soaking for 24h, and the bud is 1.5-3cm long. It can be seen here that the use of 1.5% native Solidago rhizome extract powder converted to water for soaking can improve the seed germination rate and reduce the rotten seed and rotten bud rate, and improve the bud growth potential.

[0044] Example 4

[0045] In Jianshang Village, Qinjiang Town, Shicheng County, Jiangxi Province, 1.5% of the extract of the rhizome of the native goldenrod was used for foliar spraying at the three-leaf stage of early rice seedlings, once a week for three consecutive weeks. By late April, the early rice sprayed with 1.5% of the rhizome of the native goldenrod had thick stems, many tillers, and green leaves, while other plots of the same period had relatively thin stems and yellow leaves. This was mainly because the early rice seedlings were still in April, and the weather was still low at night and in the morning, which affected the growth of the seedlings. The seedlings sprayed with 1.5% of the extract of the native goldenrod mixed with warm water had stronger resistance to stress.

[0046] Example 5

[0047] In 2021, a trial of the Chinese medicine native Solidago asiatica was carried out in Jianshang Group, Jianshang Village, Qinjiang Town, Shicheng County, Jiangxi Province. After the white lotus was harvested, red rice sticky rice was interplanted in the lotus field. Red rice sticky rice is a variety prone to rice blast, so a comparative test was carried out in the test area: the incidence rate of the seedlings bred in the same place and the control area in the plot reached 5-10%. When the heading and head breaking rate reached 5%, 2% of the native Solidago asiatica rhizome extract powder was used, and it was evenly sprayed with water at 3 o'clock in the afternoon on a sunny day, once every week, and sprayed 3 times in a row. During the entire heading and heading period, no ear of rice blast and rice false smut were found in the field, and the later growth was green branches and waxy stalks. This shows that foliar topdressing of native Solidago asiatica during the heading and head breaking period can not only increase the number of grains per ear and the weight of grains, but also prevent and control ear neck rice blast.

[0048] Example 6

[0049] In the experimental field of Jianshang Group, Jianshang Village, Qinjiang Town, Shicheng County, Jiangxi Province, the whole grass of the native goldenrod was harvested after the beginning of autumn, and after being dried in the shade to form a powder, it was mixed with oil cake residue (soybean cake, peanut cake or rapeseed cake) at a ratio of 0.5:1 to form a granular material, which can be spread on the first-season rice or far-far cultivated land as a base fertilizer, 75 kg per mu, and 50 kg of lime are added to promote the decomposition of the tannin of the native goldenrod. 5-7 days after the rice seedlings are transplanted, 8-9 kg of urea or 8-10 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu are supplemented. The present embodiment: the rice seeds are selected as Jinliang Youhuazhan: after drying the seeds at the end of March to the beginning of April, 1.5% of the native goldenrod rhizome powder extract is used, the seeds are soaked for 35 hours, and after obtaining the rice buds, they are sown in the prepared rice seedling field. When the rice seedlings grow to the three-leaf stage, 1.5% of the native goldenrod rhizome soaking liquid is used and water is added for foliar spraying to enhance the resistance of the rice seedlings. 5-7 days before transplanting the seedlings, apply 4-5 kg ​​of urea or 3-4 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer as a wedding fertilizer. If borers or leaf rollers are found, add dichlorvos or trichlorfon to apply a wedding fertilizer. When the rice enters the heading and heading stages, use 1.5-2% of the wedding fertilizer, Solidago rhizome powder, soak in liquid, add water and spray on the leaves at 3 pm on a sunny day. Water and fertilizer management: The principles are sufficient base fertilizer, fast topdressing, and less application with more frequency. The principle of irrigation is frequent irrigation with shallow water. After heading, it is better to use dry and wet to strengthen the seeds. After harvesting, peel the rice and send it to Guangzhou SGS Standards Co., Ltd. for testing ( Figure 3 ), the superoxide dismutase (SOD) content reaches 388u / g, the protein content is detected to be 10.2g / 100g, which is 358u / g higher than ordinary rice in the international market, the protein content is increased by 2.2g / l00g, and the selenium content is 7.47 / T. It is a highly nutritious SOD selenium-rich rice.

[0050] The present invention uses the tannin of native goldenrod to precipitate with heavy metals in the soil to make it non-toxic; uses organic matter to improve the soil, improves the health of crops and the nutritional value of agricultural products, and ensures that the food has good color, aroma and taste. The present invention also uses the superoxide dismutase of the native Chinese medicine goldenrod to improve the quality of agricultural products, improve immunity, enhance disease resistance, reduce the amount of pesticide applied and thus reduce the residual amount of rice pesticides, which is helpful to improve the ecological environment and improve the nutritional value of rice.

[0051] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting rice, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Apply basal fertilizer: The fresh grass of native goldenrod is piled up at the amount of 450-550 kg / mu beside the early rice field or the white lotus field, covered and sealed with plastic sheet, and the bottom edge of the plastic sheet is sealed with mud paste to facilitate fermentation and rotting in the pile. Around the beginning of autumn, the rotten fermented fertilizer of native goldenrod is spread into the field as the base fertilizer of the second late rice field, and 50-55 kg / mu of lime is applied to promote the decomposition of tannins in native goldenrod; Alternatively, after the beginning of autumn, the whole grass of the native goldenrod is harvested, dried in the shade, crushed into granules, and then mixed with oil cake residue at a mass ratio of 0.9-1.2:0.9-1.2 to form granules, which are spread in the field as a base fertilizer before planting a single-season rice crop or a distant cultivated land, with 95-110 kg per mu being spread; after the temperature exceeds 15°C, 95-110 kg of the above-mentioned granules are spread per mu as a base fertilizer, and after the application, 50-55 kg / mu of lime is spread to promote the decomposition of tannins in the native goldenrod; S2. Seed soaking and germination: Soak the seeds with 1-1.5% of the native goldenrod extract powder and water to increase the seed germination rate and reduce the seed and bud rot rate; S3. Management during the rice seedling field period: Plant and manage the germinated rice seeds using conventional methods. When the rice seedlings reach the three-leaf stage, spray the leaves with 1.5-2% of the local Solidago asiatica extract powder diluted with water to enhance the resistance of the seedlings to stress; S4. Management during the panicle differentiation period: During the panicle differentiation period of rice, use 2.5-3% of native Solidago asiatica extract powder diluted with water and spray on the leaves after 3 pm on a sunny day to enhance rice photosynthesis to increase yield and promote the accumulation of SOD in rice.

2. The method for planting rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, during the process of applying base fertilizer, urea or compound fertilizer is supplemented with reference to the crop growth conditions of the corresponding field in the previous year.

3. The method for planting rice according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S2, soak the seeds in 1.5% of native Solidago asiatica extract powder mixed with water.

4. The method for planting rice according to claim 3, characterized in that: In S3, 1% of the native Solidago asiatica extract powder was diluted with water for foliage spraying.

5. The method for planting rice according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S4, the panicle differentiation period of rice includes the heading stage and the heading stage of rice; during the heading stage and the heading stage of rice, 3% of the native Solidago asiatica extract powder was diluted with water and sprayed on the leaves after 3 pm on a sunny day.

6. The method for planting rice according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S4, if borers are found during the panicle differentiation stage, spray the leaves with a single application of dimethoate.

7. The method for planting rice according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S4, during the period of disease and insect pest prevention and control, for fields with higher fertility, prevention is the main approach depending on the growth of the seedlings, and tricyclazole, dichlorvos or mesotrione are applied; in the process of water and fertilizer management, the principles are sufficient base fertilizer, fast topdressing, small amount of fertilization and frequent fertilization, and shallow water irrigation is the principle; in the late heading stage, dry-dry and wet-wet are used to strengthen the seeds; harvest at 90% yellow maturity.

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